Thesis 3b6f18

Introduction

Faced with the stiffer economic competition and worried about future work forces, the former President Benigno “Noynoy” Aquino III declared the Enhanced Basic Education Act of 2013 or K-12 Basic Education last 2015, for he believes that adding more years in basic education could help to solve the problems of employment, and keep with global standards, and help Pilipino students to have more time to choose the career that best and suits to their skills.

Psychologically speaking, the short education program affects human development of the Pilipino children. Psychologist and educators says that children under 18 are generally not emotionally prepared for entrepreneurship or employment or higher education. Commonly grade sixpupils graduated in elementary at the age of 11-13 and graduated fourth year at the age of 1517 years old so therefore they are still considered as children and they still not capable to handle a serious situation like decision making and work task.

So, the goal of K-12Basic Education Program is to create a functional Basic Education system that will help to produce productive and responsible citizens equipped with an essential competencies and skills for life – long learning and employment. This is also enhancing the basic education system full functionality to fulfill the basic learning needs of a student.

Many of the students and parents are favored about enhancing basic education and many of them also is against by this, for a reason that K-12 is a wasting of time and money for the student who can pursue their college. But how about for the student who can’t pursue their college? Well, according to President Aquino having quality education as a long term is a solution to poverty to achieve it has a twin following objectives: to give every students as opportunity to receive quality education based on an enhanced and decongested curriculum that is internationally recognized and comparable; Develop a curriculum that is rationally focus on excellence; Produce a pool of highly qualified and inadequately trained teacher; Achieve high academic standards; Produce graduates who globally competitive and whose credential are recognized internationally to change public perception that high school education is a preparation for college.

The first batches of Filipino student who go on through Grade 11 are the student who graduated last 2015. In Dapitan City Zamboanga Del Norte, K-12 offered the new SHS (Senior High School) system with the specific career tracks that is related to college courses. The Academic Strand who offered: ABM STEM HUMMS GENERAL ACADEMIC And TVL (Technical-Vocational-Livelihood) who offered:

Home Economics Agri-Fishery Industrial Arts Information and Communication Technology or ICT

But this research focused only in TVL strand in SHS. What is the purpose TVL strand/track? TVL (Technical-Vocational-Livelihood) is a track for a student that cannot pursue any degree after SHS (Senior High School). It is strand that invests primarily skills that can gain a student a requisite COCs (Certificate of Competency) and NCs (National Certificates) which would be essential when looking for better career opportunities in agriculture, electronics, and trade. This is also important for applying abroad where the skills that a SHS (Senior High School) student gain would prepare them to the workforce.

According to the Department of Education, TVL specializations may be taken between Grades 9-12. Explanatory Subjects at 40 hours per quarter are taken during Grade 7 to 8.

TVL is a better option of a student who can’t take four years degree in college. Why? Because in after 2 years of SHS (Senior High School) a student can earned employable skills and will thus eligible to work. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

Psychologist and educators says that children under 18 are generally not emotionally prepared for entrepreneurship or employment or higher education. Commonly grade six pupils graduated in elementary at the age of 11-13 and graduated fourth year at the age of 15-17 years old so therefore they are still considered as children and they still not capable to handle a serious situation like decision making and work task. According to our former President Benigno S. Aquino III “We need to add two years to our basic education, those who can afford pay up to fourteen years of schooling before university. Thus, their children are getting into the best universities and the best jobs after graduation. I want at least 12 years for our public school children to give them an even chance at succeeding.” And according to the DepEd K to 12 Program covers Kindergarten and 12 years of basic education (six years of primary education, four years of Junior High School, and two years of Senior High School [SHS]) to provide sufficient time for mastery of concepts and skills, develop lifelong learners, and prepare graduates for tertiary education, middle-level skills development, employment, and entrepreneurship. According to Education Secretary Br. Armin A. Luistro [former Secretary], the new curriculum is focused more on the learners and not on the teacher. Luistro said, “We are making it a real learning experience for the students, meaning, it will be less on memorization and more encouraging of critical thinking”.... Furthermore, Luistro explains, “It is important that our learners develop that natural love for learning and not feel that it is something imposed on them…we will reduce it to four hours to make education less stressful and more enjoyable. Change is never easy, especially when it is about a big undertaking such as the implementation of the new K-12 curriculum guide in the Philippines. It is high time, however, that we the rest of the world and improve the quality of our basic education system and our graduates.

Students acquire in-depth knowledge, skills, values, and attitudes through continuity and consistency across all levels and subjects. K-12 had a big help to our country the following are some of reasons why K-12 is very important to today’s generation: ● Only country in Asia with 10 years of basic education – Before implementing K-12, the Philippines was the last Asian country and one of only three nations in the world with 10 years of basic education. The new system, which follows a global standard, will put Filipino students at par with the rest of the world. ●Poor quality of education – Students’ low scores in the National Achievement Test (NAT) and Trends in International Math and Science Study (TIMMS) are a reflection of the current quality of education in the country. ●Too many non-practical subjects – ed by the findings of the study performed by SEAMEO INNOTECH, the country’s old curriculum was too congested and lacked practical application. While students did not get enough instructional time to learn, they also missed the chance to be prepared for actual professional work. ●Not prepared for college education – Due to lack of practical application, past high school grads (in the old curriculum) could not qualify to pursue higher education. ●Too young for labor force – High school graduates of the old curriculum are generally less than 18 years old and are too young to work after graduation. This young age is deemed unripe for them to enter the workforce or enter into business contracts. ●No global recognition – Filipino professionals who have finished a 10-year basic education may not be acknowledged in many parts of the world. This is due to education requirements set by some international accreditation agreements.

K-12 offered a lot of courses that related to college. They also offered Technical Vocational Livelihood tracks this track is a replacement for TESDA (Technical Educational and Skills Authority). TVL offered courses that are what TESDA offered too. They offered the following: Home Economics Agri-Fishery Industrial Arts Information And Communication Technology or ICT What is the advantage of TVL? According to an article that was posted on March 26, 2016 written by Bhenks TVL is .. 1. The TVL Track can get a student employed right after senior high school. After 2 years of senior high TVL you’ll have earned employable skills and will thus be eligible to work. 2. Not everyone CAN or WILL go to college. Out of every 100 Grade 1 pupils, only 14 are able to go and finish college. 3. Not everyone SHOULD go to college. As earlier mentioned, while college is always an attractive option, not everyone can or will go to college. Nor should everyone go to college, apparently. 4. Lack of money is one of the top reasons students drop out of school.

A 1995 paper by Barsiaga (as cited in Nava, 2009) shows that most of school leavers come from low-income families “whose parents had little or no education, and who were unemployed or had jobs that gave them little or irregular income.“ Nava’s own study exploring the reasons primary and secondary school students leave school yields specific reasons like work (especially for male respondents), no money for projects, no money for school contributions, no pocket money for lunch, and no money for transportation. 5. The TVL Track provides preparation for the bulk of occupations OFWs hold abroad. Approximately three quarters of the Filipinos abroad hold jobs for which the TVL track may prepare you. 6. College graduates and professionals take TESDA certification training courses. Why wait until after college to collect Certificates of Competency and National Certifications that will make you more employable when you can get them now, while you’re in senior high? 7. There is a positive employment outlook for TVL track senior high school graduates. 8. There will be great demand for TVL Track senior high school graduates in Naga. If you want to get a job in Naga right out of senior high school, consider the TVL track. The TVL Track in senior high is a viable option, and it is an option no one must discount for the 8 reasons stated above. No one could have expressed it better than former TESDA Director General Joel Villanueva when he said (with regards to technical vocational education and training),

I know the idea of a college or university education is always appealing. But TVET is more -on, and the path to a good job is shorter,

In TVL course the students can also acquire National Certificates (as what if stated above) in the different levels in accordance and guidelines set by the DepEd and the TESDA, It also leads the students to different part time jobs while completing their college degree, It is the best course for them to know and observe different jobs in different industries. Focusing on discovery and developing student’s skills is another goal of TVL program. The TVL courses teach the students to have different combinations of skills to explore and acquire in 2 years, Immersion as part of the TVL curriculum also allows the students to observe application of skills in different industries which prepares them on how to apply their knowledge and practices in real life situations. It also play important role to preparing our student towards so called TKNTrabaho-Kolehiyo-Negosyo. Scope and Delimitation This study is focuses about the variables of the study and the respondents of the bstudy. This study conducted only Dapitan City Sy-2018 and this study covers about “Practical Skills of Senior High School in Relate to Their Remedies in Tertiary Education” Hypothesis

There is no difference between Technical Vocational Livelihood Tracks and other tracks when studying according to the DepEd.

Significant of the Study This study is beneficial to the following:

DepEd. This study is a manifestation of the extent of implementation of k-12 in some private and public schools where this study was conducted. Students. This study will help the student especially in a student taking-up TVL tracks to know what the importance of TVL is. School.The information that they may get in this study may be use as reference in emplementing k-12 basic education especially TVL tracks. Definition of For the common frame of understanding of the used in the study, the following key are operationally and textually defined: Deparment of Education-(abbreviated as DepEd; Filipino: KagawaranngEdukasyon) is the executive department of the Philippine government responsible for ensuring access to, promoting equity in, and improving the quality of basic education.[2] It is the main agency tasked to manage and govern the Philippine system of basic education. It is the chief formulator of

Philippine education policy and responsible for the Philippine primary and secondary school systems. K-12 Basic Curriculum-The expression is a shortening of kindergarten (K) for 4- to 6-year-olds through twelfth grade (12) for 17- to 19-year-olds, the first and last grades, respectively, of free education in these countries. Technical Vocational Livelihood-TVL track as specialty in senior high school or SHS, he/she will continue the TLE course he/she studied in 9th and 10th grades. This will allow him/her to earn NC II that he/she can use as credentials in applying for a job if he/she wants to work after SHS graduation. TESDA ( Technical Educational and Skills Development Authority) Filipino: Pangasiwaan sa Edukasyong Teknikal at Pagpapaunlad ng Kasanayan) serves as the Philippines’ Technical Vocational Education and Training (TVET) authority. As a government agency, TESDA is tasked to both manage and supervise the Philippines’ Technical Education and Skills Development (TESD). Its goals are to develop the Filipino workforce with “world-class competence and positive work values” and to provide quality technical-educational and skills development through its direction, policies, and programs.

CHAPTER 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE This chapter presents related literature and studies which provide additional data and information to the present investigation. It involves the systematic identification, location and analysis of documents containing information related to the research problem.

The unintended cost from district, state, and federal ability provisions has adversely affected schools: Constant testing sacrifices instructional time and forces educators to teach to the test. As for some students, good luck convincing one that performance in algebra is relevant to his career. Or that earning a high school diploma or college degree, for that matter, is in her long-term interest it was anchored in an article that was posted on January 20, 2015 by Jonathan Hasak.

Waugh 2013 cited, high standard of living, is an important part of culture and values. The education system has a significant and direct impact on the quality of our workforce our economic productivity and ultimately, our ability to prosper as businesses, as people, and as nation rely on our public schools to provide highly skilled and educated talent. K to 12 is a solution to create opportunities that will help all children from the time they enter the classroom to when they the workforce – McCleary. 2012

Based in the research of Irish Yvonne Mae O. Ombong that was posted last March 10, 2017 Senior High School is two years of specialized upper secondary education; students may choose a specialization based on aptitude, interests, and school capacity. The choice of career track will define the content of the subjects a student will take in Grades 11 and 12. SHS subjects fall under either the Core Curriculum or specific Tracks (Official Gazette, 2012). Senior High School (SHS) covers the last two years of the K to 12 program and includes Grades 11 and 12. In SHS, students will go through a core curriculum and subjects under a track of their choice (http://k12philippines.com/, n.d). The K to 12 Program covers Kindergarten and 12 years of basic education (six years of primary education, four years of Junior High School, and two years of Senior High School [SHS]) to provide sufficient time for mastery of concepts and skills, develop lifelong learners, and prepare graduates for tertiary education, middle-level skills development, employment, and entrepreneur ship. Many of the Pilipino wants to finish their fourth year in high school. Many of the students after only a diploma in high school they never mind the college diploma. Especially the poor Pilipino parents they have that mindset that if he/her child graduate high school a student can work already they are not thinking that their child is not yet ready, can’t work a stable job. Technical Vocational Livelihood is a specialization in Senior High School that offered subject like TESDA According to Ann Harwood the observations from involvement with vocational courses indicated that many of the full time lecturing staff worked in isolation from their particular industry. This by definition prevented them from achieving the first hand experience that might be considered essential for keeping up to date with changes and innovations within their industries.

A student who taking up Technical Vocational Livelihood tracks, after he/she finish Senior High School in TVL she or he may obtain National Certificate Level II (NC II), provided he/she esthe competency-based assessment of the Technical Education and Skills Development Authority(TESDA). NC I and NC II improves employability of graduates in fields like Agriculture, Electronics, and Trade. Studies The statement of the study is what would be the future of a student of the new basic curriculum who taking up TVL tracks. And Many of Pilipino people still not favored with the new K-12 Basic Education Curriculum and many is in favored, but K-12 Basic Education Curriculum can help a lot for a student in their future even if they can’t continue their college. And it doesn’t mean that taking-up TVL track is only for a student that can’t continue college but it’s NO! It’s a big NO. Why? If a student pursues his/her college he/she wills taking up some of the course in tertiary that may related to TVL tracks. Below are some of the college courses Bachelor of Science in Tourism Bachelor of Science in Hotel and Restaurant Management TVL is composes of four programs the following are Home Economics, Industrial Arts, AgriFishery and last is the ICT (Information Communication Technology). Home- Economics is a strand aims to give a student job-ready skills that can help you in finding home. This strand aims to give you job-ready skills that can help you in finding the right employment. In home economics, students develop the right employment. This track offers

various specializations that can lead to livelihood projects at an understanding of the factors that influence the well-being of individuals and families within the home and community and of the actions people take to enhance and sustain those environments.

What are the subjects in this strand?

Subject in Home-economics can also lead to National Certifications based on TESDA standards. They will be taking up courses on: 

barbering



bartending



beauty care, bread and pastry



caregiving



cookery



dressmaking



food and beverage



housekeeping



tourism



and handicrafts among others

What can I do after SHS?

There are so many careers that a student can explore after taking this strand! You can have a future of becoming the following: 

baker



barista



makeup artist



barber



stylist



therapist



clerk



tailor



tourguide or chambermaid. Various business set ups are also into this track like dress shop, beauty salon, coffee shop, bakery, snack bar, food cart, handicrafts among others.

This strand can also prepare you to college degrees on Hospitality and Tourism Management, Nutrition, Food Technology, Culinary Arts, Business Education, or Interior Deg.

Industrial Arts is a strand

Industrial Arts will provide you the skills and knowledge on: 

carpentry



automotive servicing



driving



electronics repair



electrical installation



welding



plumbing



and tile setting

What are the subjects in this strand?

This course offers different specializations from car mechanics to transmission line installation. You should also expect subjects on: 

domestic refrigeration and air-conditioning servicing



electrical installation and maintenance



power distribution line construction



mechatronics



and masonry

What can I do after SHS?

Look forward to immediate jobs after taking up this strand. You can work as painter, pipe filler, welder, mason, pottery maker, shoemaker, foreman, or bag maker. If you got the guts and capital to start a business venture, you can open a hardware, masonry shop, souvenir shop, or building contractor.

If you are pursuing an undergraduate degree in college, you can take up the following: 

industrial engineering



mechanical deg



applied technology



or mechanical engineering

The Agri-Fishery strand was designed for hands-on learning and application of skills that are related to agriculture and aquaculture. You will be taking various subjects that are connected to other jobs such as food processing, rubber production, animal production, or landscape installation.

What are the subjects in this strand?

At the Agri-Fishery Arts strand, you can familiarize yourself with the production industries of horticulture, animal production, crop production, rubber production, slaughtering operations, and pest management. You can also dive deep in the field of aquaculture and learn about fish production, fish wharf operation, and food processing.

This curriculum aims to make sure that you are well-informed and well-prepared with the basic skills and knowledge just in case you choose to work in farms or fisheries. You will also undergo a Personal Entrepreneurial Competencies (PEC) assessment so you can enhance your business management skills.

What can I do after SHS?

There are a lot of businesses you can start once you graduate in this track. You can open a fishpond, be a rice thresher, or begin a small scale food processing enterprise. However, this does not mean you can’t pursue college degrees anymore.

You can still take up courses on agriculture, fisheries, and forestry. After college, you can get to careers such as: 

development researcher



agriculturist



animal husbandry



or aquatic ecologist

If you are computer-savvy or a technological freak, step right into the ICT strand. Under this strand, you will be encouraged to utilize information and communication technological tools to contextualize, collaborate, and create experiences for learning in this professional strand.

Information and communication technology revolutionizes how the different industries and institutions operate. As communication and technological progress reshapes many aspects of the society, it is also a driving force behind economic growth. Thus, this strand will equip the graduates with the necessary skills and competencies fitting for employment as they earned their National Certification II from TESDA. With the strong external linkages and varied industry

partners, graduates have high possibility of employability as they will be absorbed by the companies during their On-the- job training.

What are the subjects in this strand?

Under this strand, you can learn writing computer programs, illustrating, and deg websites. You will also be taking up technical drafting, animation, and java programming that would be essential if you are planning to work on creative technological field. Other subjects in the strand are medical transcription and telecom installation which are relevant to the telecommunications industry.

What can I do after SHS?

You can take different careers after taking the ICT strand. With the right set of skills and knowledge, you can take a job as a call center agent, a web designer, a data encoder, a radio technician, a graphic designer, or a junior programmer. You can also take up sales positions such as online sales agent and IT sales clerk.

If you are planning to continue your studies in college with this as your strand, you can take up electrical computer engineering, information technology, software and network engineering.

CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY This chapter described the comprehensive explanation of the method use, research environmental, sampling procedure, the instruments, the data gathering procedure, scoring procedure, statistical treatment which will be used to gathered the data information in this study. Use Methodology A descriptive research methodology was used for this study. A survey was istered to the selected sample for the student who take-up Technical Vocational Livelihood. The word “survey” is commonly applied to a research methodology designed to collect data from specific person, population and typically utilized as a questionnaire or an interview. Survey methodology In

this

studies

the sampling of

individual

units

from

a population and

the

associated survey data collectiontechniques, such as questionnaire construction and methods for improving the number and accuracy of responses to surveys. Survey methodology includes instruments or procedures that ask one or more questions that may, or may not, be answered. – WEKIPEDIA.

Research Environmental

This research is conducted only in Dapitan City, because it is more broader if we conduct it in overall.

The research conduct in Dapitan for the reason that , the researcher only fucoses in Dapitan City high schools who offered Technical Vocational Livelihood tracks in K-12 Basic Education include the FOLLOWING:

Sulangon National High School

Dapitan City National High School

Dakak National High School

Jose Rizal Memorial State University (Senior High School) and others.

Statistical Treatment

Data gathering through this research will be 𝐹𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒

x 2 = ∑(𝑓𝑜 − 𝑓𝑒)2 )