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NGO
PRESENTED BY : SRIDEVI . K USN No : 1BM14AHD08 I SEM M . Arch
NGO Contents : •
Introduction
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Case Study 1 – Janaagraha
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Case Study 2 – Sustainable Urbanism International
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Case Study 3 - UNESCO
SRIDEV.K
I SEM M.ARCH
B.MS.C.E
15.12.14
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What is an NGO?? A non-governmental organization (NGO) is any non-profit, voluntary citizens group which is organized on a local, national or international level. Task-oriented and driven by people with a common interest, NGOs perform a variety of service and humanitarian functions, bring citizen concerns to Governments, advocate and monitor policies and encourage political participation through provision of information. Some are organized around specific issues, such as human rights, environment or health. NGOs are referred in many ways NPOs or Not for profit VOs or Voluntary Organizations CSOs or Civil Society Organizations CBOs or Community Based Organizations Charitable Organizations Third Sector Organizations (The other two sectors are state and the market) Typical Forms of NGOs Advocacy These NGOs basically work on advocacy or campaigning on issues or causes. As a focus, they do not implement programmes. Consultancy / Research Organizations These NGOs work on Social and Developmental Research & Consultancy Training / Capacity Building Organizations In the NGO Sector, training is usually called as Capacity Building. Some NGOs only work on Capacity Building of the other NGOs Mother NGOs These NGOs are recipients as well as givers Self Help Groups They are not typically termed as NGOs. These are formed by beneficiary communities, typically women who come together in a group of 10 plus SRIDEV.K
I SEM M.ARCH
B.MS.C.E
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How many NGOs are working in India • The estimates of different sources vary but largely people agree this figure to be between 1 million to 2 million • Gwalior- over 10,000 ed • • • • •
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Some of the states with high number of NGOs Gujarat Maharashtra TamilNadu West Bengal For many years now, TN has been recording the second highest foreign aid receipts by NGOs, next only to Delhi. Who helps the NGO Sector Funding agencies: both Indian and International, eg. VHAI (Voluntary Health Association of India), CIDA (Canadian International Development Agency) Corporate Companies: both Indian and International, eg: Sir Dorab Ji Tata Trust (Food Security), Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (HIV and AIDS). Secret Donors Government Agencies: Mostly various ministries at the central and state level, eg: Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Types of Activities done: Advocacy and awareness Movements and campaigns Hardware Activities Service Delivery Networking
SRIDEV.K
I SEM M.ARCH
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• • • • • • • •
Major Thrust Areas Health Land Ravine Reclamation Women Empowerment Female Infanticide and Feticide Food security Corruption Community Empowerment Sizes of Project May vary on the grounds of project that is being implemented 5 people to 500 looking after a project. Financially depending on the thrust area ranging from Rs.50000 to 5 Crores
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So How Do We Really Go About Bringing A Change???? The Change Process Analyzing Planning Staffing Networking Implementing Monitoring Evaluating Sustaining Exiting SRIDEV.K
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Functions of NGOs with respect to Entrepreneurial Scenario 1. Entrepreneurial Development Programme (EDP) 2. Counseling 3. Development of Infrastructure 4. Construction of Housing Facility 5. ing Innovation and Pilot Projects 6. Providing Technical Assistance Advantages of NGOs → Ability to experiment freely → Flexible in adapting to local needs → Enjoy Good rapport with people → Ability to communicate at all levels → Ability to recruit experts and highly motivated staff → Less restrictions from the Government
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Disadvantages of NGOs Lack of funds Lack of dedicated leadership Inadequate trained personnel Misuse of Funds Monopolization of leadership Lack of public participation Centralization in Urban Areas Lack of Coordination
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Responsibilities of NGOs • Act as a change agent • Environment • Safeguarding Human Rights Representatives of weaker sections Challenges to NGOs • Need for honest and dedicated persons. • Need for transparency to create confidence. • A proper personnel policy • Protect the interest of the people rather than • Transparent and easy to operate mechanism.
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Types of NGOs: By orientation and level of Operation NGO types can be understood by their orientation and level of cooperation. NGO types by orientation: •Charitable Orientation often involves a top-down paternalistic effort with little participation by the "beneficiaries". It includes NGOs with activities directed toward meeting the needs of the poor -distribution of food, clothing or medicine; provision of housing, transport, schools etc. Such NGOs may also undertake relief activities during a natural or man-made disaster. •Service Orientation includes NGOs with activities such as the provision of health, family planning or education services in which the programme is designed by the NGO and people are expected to participate in its implementation and in receiving the service. •Participatory Orientation is characterized by self-help projects where local people are involved particularly in the implementation of a project by contributing cash, tools, land, materials, labor etc. In the classical community development project, participation begins with the need definition and continues into the planning and implementation stages. Cooperatives often have a participatory orientation. •Empowering Orientation is where the aim is to help poor people develop a clearer understanding of the social, political and economic factors affecting their lives, and to strengthen their awareness of their own potential power to control their lives. Sometimes, these groups develop spontaneously around a problem or an issue, at other times outside workers from NGOs play a facilitating role in their development. In any case, there is maximum involvement of the people with NGOs acting as facilitators.
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NGO Types by level of operation: •Community-based Organizations (CBOs) arise out of people's own initiatives. These can include sports clubs, women's organizations, neighbourhood organizations, religious or educational organizations. There are a large variety of these, some ed by NGOs, national or international NGOs, or bilateral or international agencies, and others independent of outside help. Some are devoted to rising the consciousness of the urban poor or helping them to understand their rights in gaining access to needed services while others are involved in providing such services. •Citywide Organizations include organizations such as the Rotary or lion's Club, chambers of commerce and industry, coalitions of business, ethnic or educational groups and associations of community organizations. Some exist for other purposes, and become involved in helping the poor as one of many activities, while others are created for the specific purpose of helping the poor. •National NGOs include organizations such as the Red Cross, YMCAs/YWCAs, professional organizations etc. Some of these have state and city branches and assist local NGOs. •International NGOs range from secular agencies such as Redda BArna and Save the Children organizations, OXFAM, CARE, Ford and Rockefeller Foundations to religiously motivated groups. Their activities vary from mainly funding local NGOs, institutions and projects, to implementing the projects themselves.
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Top 10 NGO - India undefined Help Age India - Rank 1 Sargam Sanstha - Rank 2 Smile Foundation - Rank 3 Give India Lepra Society Udaan Deepalaya Uday Foundation Karmayog Pratham
Top 10 NGO - World Inter Environment - Rank 1 Idealist - Rank 2 I C V A - Rank 3 AIE SEC ACLU Animal Wildlife Foundation Earth Island Institute D.E.L.T.A Rescue Yad Ezra V'Shulamit Every Home Global Concern SRIDEV.K
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CASE STUDY 1 :
SRIDEV.K
JANAAGRAHA
I SEM M.ARCH
B.MS.C.E
15.12.14
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Janaagraha is a not-for-profit organization that aims to strengthen democracy in India by working for citizen participation in urban local government.
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Janaagraha aims to spread awareness of the benefits of engaging local governments after electing them and to lobby the Government of India to enact legislation to extend the 74th Amendment to the Constitution of India for more representative local urban government.
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The co-founders of the organization are Ramesh Ramanathan and Swati Ramanathan.
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At Janaagraha, they have developed a comprehensive framework called REED to guide our policies and practices to bring about change in quality of life and public governance. It is an acronym for four defining aspects of urban governance:
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Regional perspective to urban issues
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Empowered citizens and local governments
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Enabled citizens and local governments with Direct ability of the government to the people.
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The term 'quality of life' as defined by Janaagraha has two distinct and inter-related aspects. The first 'quality of urban infrastructure and services' - the quality of urban of amenities, i.e., roads, drains, traffic ,transport, water supply,etc.The second aspect is the 'quality of citizenship' - the role that urban residents play by participating in civic issues. SRIDEV.K
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Online Initiatives I Change My City I Change My City is a social networking initiative that is committed to urban issues electoral and civic. It aims to initiate change, build networks of communities & local civic bodies, provide data on urban issues, civic awareness & training – all of this at a local neighbourhood level. I Paid A Bribe (IPAB) I Paid A Bribe is Janaagraha's initiative to tackle corruption by harnessing the collective energy of citizens. I Paid A Bribe uses them to argue for improving governance systems and procedures, tightening law enforcement and regulation. Thereby reduce the scope for corruption while obtaining services from the government. Offline Initiatives Ward Infrastructure Index (WII) Ward Infrastructure Index (WII) programme is a unique initiative to assess quality of life in urban areas. It analyses various wards by its quality of infrastructure and rates them on scale of 0 – 10 (0 being the least and 10 being the best), to give residents and municipalities an easy indicator on how their respective wards measure up against standard benchmarks set by the government. The project looks at services like water supply, electricity, public health, public safety, civic amenities, transport and environment to arrive at a rating. It not only provides valuable information to urban planners and decision makers to streamline delivery of goods and services to different wards but also facilitates direct ability of local istration and elected representatives to the urban citizens SRIDEV.K
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Janaagraha field of impact 1. Area Suraksha is a Civil Defence Initiative that trains citizens to actively create safer neighbourhoods and strong communities. 2. Bala Janaagraha The Bala Janaagraha programme is conducted for students of VIII Standard of interested government, aided and private schools in Bangalore and other urban centres. The programme runs from June/July to January/February (according to the start of the academic calendar) each year and is comprised of in-school as well as out of school activities.
3.
BCCF The Bangalore City Connect Foundation (BCCF) is an initiative which brings various urban stakeholders outside government together on a single platform. It assists government agencies by providing knowledge, assistance and for better planning and implementation of urban infrastructure in Bangalore. It has begun its work by focusing on Traffic and Transportation
4. Jaagte Raho! the Election Commission of India (ECI) and Janaagraha Centre for Citizenship and Democracy signed yet another historic Memorandum Understanding (MOU) to reform electoral systems. 5. India Urban Space Foundation India Urban Space Foundation is a partner program of Janaagraha, It makes urban and spatial planning central to the transformation of Urban India, leading economic, political and social change through it, in Bangalore context it is TENDER SURE PROJECT. The goal of project Tender SURE is to improve the quality of life in our cities by getting our road infrastructure right, pilot project they have taken up 8 major roads in Bangalore. SRIDEV.K
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6. Applied Research The Janaagraha Applied Research Programme (J-ARP) is a core programme of Janaagraha which engages in action-oriented research activities to further Janaagraha‟s advocacy and grassroots objectives. It brings together various urban research stakeholders, to promote awareness of the need for increased and sustained urban research in India. 7. Ward infrastructure Index assesses the quality of life in various wards by its quality of infrastructure. It rates them on scale of 0 – 10 where 0 is the least and 10 is the best. The WII data formed the basis for the Bangalore Patrol campaign – a result of Janaagraha‟s collaboration with the Times of India. 8. Urban Capacity Building Janaagraha‟s Urban Capacity Building Programme (UCBP) works toward deg; developing; deploying; facilitating; and, thereby, establishing apt learning events for key stakeholders including champions and change-agents from all walks of life – who can positively influence broad-based and sustainable urban development 9. PROOF Public Record of Operations and Finance (PROOF) is Janaagraha's public disclosure and ability initiative. PROOF works with governments to enhance financial and performance disclosures of local governments and with citizens to catalyse citizen engagement on city finances.
SRIDEV.K
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TENDERSURE Roads today are used as both networks for mobility in expanding cities and towns, as well as the means of access to individual dwellings. The goal of project Tender SURE is to improve the quality of life in our cities by getting our road infrastructure right. India's urban roads currently suffer from a two-fold gap: a lack of design specifications; and a poor procurement process. Tender SURE addresses both these gaps by providing vital, replicable blueprints for governments and contractors alike. Detailed Project Report (DPR) provision In quarter two, India Urban Space Foundation (IUSP) was entrusted with creating DPRs for 12 key corridors in Bangalore, by order of the Government of Karnataka. In quarter two, IUSP completed field investigations for all 12 corridors, involving the following tests: Benkelman Beam Deflection Study Soil tests Total Station Survey Usage surveys Utility Service Mapping Traffic survey Pedestrian survey
SRIDEV.K
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CASE STUDY 2: SUSTAINABLE URBANISM INTERNATIONAL
SRIDEV.K
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B.MS.C.E
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Sustainable Urbanism International is a research and design initiative committed to the conservation of cultural heritage, and developing strategies for promoting culturally and environmentally sensitive strategies for urban development. • SUI was established as a non-profit NGO in Bangalore in 2003 and is also a research unit at the Graduate School of Architecture, Planning, and Preservation, Columbia University in New York. SUI works with governments, communities, and private investors to develop strategies for urban development that bring about the benefits of modernization while minimizing the cultural dislocations arising from it. Expertise •
Culturally and environmentally sustainable architectural design.
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Culturally and environmentally sustainable city planning.
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Site Management plans for conservation and development of cultural heritage sites.
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Architecture and Urban Design in heritage sensitive areas.
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Lake and waterfront redevelopment.
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Construction with local materials and technology including earth.
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Design of alternative infrastructural systems.
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Documentation, analysis, and grading of heritage structures.
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Research on architectural and urban history.
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Tourism development strategy and design.
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Documentation and analysis of intangible heritage. SRIDEV.K
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Design, develop and produce Digital multimedia Digital documentation and archiving Laser Scanning and digital 3D reconstruction and walkthrough of heritage buildings and places Web interface design and development including social media Brochures, maps, and print publications
Planning & Design for Cultural Heritage • SUI develops plans for conserving and managing cultural heritage as well as for sustainable urban development that is compatible with and builds upon heritage and identity of the place. • From transportation and land-use plans to social housing, SUI‟s designs strategies adopt an inclusive and participatory approach to bring about the benefits of modernization while minimizing cultural dislocations.
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SUI designs, plans and policies include Cultural heritage management strategies Master-plan and land-use plans, and regulations Green design and design of infrastructural systems compatible with heritage Design and redevelopment of streets, street facades, heritage walks, waterfronts, and public spaces Housing planning and design Design and policies for compatible adaptive re-use of heritage structures and spaces Adapting Heritage for Livelihood Strategies SRIDEV.K
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Services Cultural Tourism • SUI designs and plans tourism development strategies at various scales from individual structures to cities and regions with multiple heritage sites. Strategies are designed to enhance visitor experience while protecting heritage assets, and contributing to peoplecentered economic development. • In promoting heritage-based tourism for sustainable development, SUI views heritage as cultural landscapes beyond just the monuments and respects the inherited resources and knowledge of people and communities.
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Designs, plans and strategies include Strategies for heritage-led tourism destination development Strategies for infrastructure development compatible with heritage identity Documentation and analysis of tangible and intangible heritage Guidelines and regulations for managing heritage assets including adaptive reuse Design of signage and hospitality facilities compatible with heritage character
Digital Multimedia for Heritage • SUI promotes awareness about cultural heritage using new media and digital technology to interpret, document, visualize, reconstruct, make accessible and build networks of heritage sites. • Digital multimedia presentations integrate in-depth historical research, audio narrative, interviews, music, images, digital reconstructions and walk-through animations for on-site display at heritage sites, museums, tourist centers, libraries, schools and the world wide web. SUI‟s innovative research and technology based digital multimedia connects monuments with cities, people, place, traditions, intangible heritage, and natural landscape. SRIDEV.K
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B.MS.C.E
15.12.14
Anandrao Flyover Innovating Public Space in Bangalore Transforming Waste Space to Public Space: Deg for Sustainability under Bangalore‟s Anand Rao Flyover •
Public spaces and parks have woefully diminished, Bangalore has acquired vast amounts of non-descript, underutilized, and unfriendly „wasted‟ spaces beneath the new concrete infrastructure. In recent months the city has also been battling a crisis of solid-waste management.
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Together with the BBMP, the workshop undertook the implementation of a demonstration at Anand Rao Circle in Bangalore.
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Identifying a prominent space at the circle under the flyover that was filled with trash and debris, the workshop converted the space into a public space for a few moments of respite at a busy intersection.
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The workshop used scrap from billboards to fabricate a series of metal frames and benches, and reused discarded pavers and gravel created seating areas.
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Existing signage boards, and fences were incorporated into the design. The concrete pillars were cleaned and painted in cheerful colors.
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Much rhesearcon plants that grow in shade with less water was undertaken along with the BBMP horticulture department. The idea is that creepers would wrap around the pillars and plants would provide much needed relief and counter pollution in the city. The entire project was carried out in two and half weeks with the of BBMP. Columbia University, New York ed the travel of the students to Bangalore. Utilize waste and recycled materials to construct. SRIDEV.K
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B.MS.C.E
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Srishti School of Art Design and Technology •
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Since 2007, Srishti has been collaborating with SUI led by Prof. Jyoti Hosagrahar. Srishti students and faculty from Interior and Furniture Design, Product and Systems Design, Film, and Visual Communication have all been engaged with projects on heritage towns in Karnataka with SUI as well as a heritage palace in Gujarat. The work of the Srishti students has ed, extended, and added to the work of SUI on these heritage areas. SUI-Srishti collaborations have included: Studio Project: Cultural heritage, development and design in the Hoysala Heritage region on 15 historic cities in Karnataka established in the 11th and 13th centuries in collaboration with Sustainable Urbanism International (SUI). Various studio projects 2007-2011. Studio Project: Visualizing cultural heritage, Railway Staff College, Vadodara, in collaboration with SUI, and the Ministry of Railways, Government of India, 2012 Conceptualizing Kalagram: Exploration and development of the concept of a Community museum and center for research on crafts in a heritage town in Karnataka in collaboration with SUI, 2010-2012 Exploring cultural landscapes: Explorations of heritage, craft, tourism, and the cultural landscape in Kutch, Gujarat in collaboration with SUI, 2010. City Waste: Intensive workshop on community, culture, and garbage in Bangalore with SUI Columbia University, New York, 2013. Transforming Waste to Public Space: Deg for Sustainability under Bangalore‟s Flyovers: Anand Rao Circle, Bangalore. An intensive workshop with SUI Columbia University, New York included documentation, analysis, design, and construction of a public space at Anand Rao Circle in Bangalore, 2014. SRIDEV.K
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Integrated Site Management Plan for Srirangapatna, Karnataka ghat14 •
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SUI is engaged in design and policy interventions in Srirangapatna to explore the cultural, social and environmental dimensions of sustainability in managing urban heritage. With a perspective that places have complex ecologies that need to be nurtured and sustained, SUI has expanded the idea of heritage beyond monuments to the intersections of nature, culture, and the built environment. SUI views local knowledge, spatial and building practices, and landscape interpretations of hydrological systems as integral to the cultural landscape of a place. Identifying such “heritage” is a collaborative effort with local residents, also helping recognize livelihood forms, practices, and skills that have been lost. Efforts to develop a heritage-sensitive town plans based and reviving and adapting traditional construction technologies all integrate heritage conservation with design, development planning, and natural resource management. SUI‟s minimalist design and planning interventions are aiming to enhance local economic development, while enabling local populations to express their historically derived placedbased identities. SUI is involved in a range of studies, policies, and design interventions for Srirangapatna through extensive community and stakeholder consultations. They include sustainable tourism development, redesign of public spaces, adaptive reuse of historic structures, sustainable designs for infrastructure and public facilities, redevelopment of common property resources, design of street signage, renovating the interior of homes, and the design of movable public performance spaces.
Partners ◦ Archaeological Survey of India. SRIDEV.K
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15.12.14
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SUI designs and interacts with communities to develop livelihood strategies based on heritage. From the development of tourism related products and services to the design of festivals and cultural events, SUI‟s strategies retain and revive traditional forms, use and activities while adapting them to contemporary conditions. Sustainable livelihood strategies are aimed at poverty alleviation and empowerment of women and marginalized populations through microenterprises. Efforts include participatory design, ive policies, training and capacity-building. Home-stay and small-scale hospitality services Local cuisine development in restaurants, cafes and vendors Integration of vendors and microenterprise retail through public space design Microenterprises related to crafts, souvenirs and creative products Revival, design and adaptation of building crafts Integration of performing arts into public spaces
SRIDEV.K
I SEM M.ARCH
B.MS.C.E
15.12.14
CASE STUDY 3 : UNESCO
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UNESCO was created in order to respond to the firm belief of nations, forged by two world wars in less than a generation, that political and economic agreements are not enough to build a lasting peace. Peace must be established on the basis of humanity‟s moral and intellectual solidarity.UNESCO strives to build networks among nations that enable this kind of solidarity, by:Mobilizing for education: so that every child, boy or girl, has access to quality education as a fundamental human right and as a prerequisite for human development. Building intercultural understanding: through protection of heritage and for cultural diversity. UNESCO created the idea of World Heritage to protect sites of outstanding universal value. Pursuing scientific cooperation: such as early warning systems for tsunamis or transboundary water management agreements, to strengthen ties between nations and societies. Protecting freedom of expression: an essential condition for democracy, development and human dignity.Today, UNESCO's message has never been more important. We must create holistic policies that are capable of addressing the social, environmental and economic dimensions of sustainable development. This new thinking on sustainable development reaffirms the founding principles of the Organization and enhances its role:In a globalized world with interconnected societies, intercultural dialogue is vital if we are to live together while acknowledging our diversity. In an uncertain world, the future of nations depends not only on their economic capital or natural resources, but on their collective ability to understand and anticipate changes in the environment - through education, scientific research and the sharing of knowledge. In an unstable world - marked by fledgling democratic movements, the emergence of new economic powers and societies weakened by multiple stress factors – the educational, scientific and cultural fabric of societies – along with respect for fundamental rights guarantees their resilience and stability.
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In a connected world - with the emergence of the creative economy and knowledge societies, along with the dominance of the Internet, the full participation of everyone in the new global public space is a prerequisite for peace and development. UNESCO is known as the "intellectual" agency of the United Nations. At a time when the world is looking for new ways to build peace and sustainable development, people must rely on the power of intelligence to innovate, expand their horizons and sustain the hope of a new humanism. UNESCO exists to bring this creative intelligence to life; for it is in the minds of men and women that the defences of peace and the conditions for sustainable development must be built. Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) Education for Sustainable Development allows every human being to acquire the knowledge, skills, attitudes and values necessary to shape a sustainable future. Education for Sustainable Development means including key sustainable development issues into teaching and learning; for example, climate change, disaster risk reduction, biodiversity, poverty reduction, and sustainable consumption. It also requires participatory teaching and learning methods that motivate and empower learners to change their behaviour and take action for sustainable development. Education for Sustainable Development consequently promotes competencies like critical thinking, imagining future scenarios and making decisions in a collaborative way. Education for Sustainable Development requires far-reaching changes in the way education is often practiced today. UNESCO is the lead agency for the UN Decade of Education for Sustainable Development (2005-2014).
Vision UNESCO-IHE envisions a world in which people manage their water and environmental resources in a sustainable manner, and in which all sectors of society, particularly the poor, can enjoy the benefits of basic services. Mission • The mission of UNESCO-IHE is to contribute to the education and training of professionals, the knowledge base through research and to build the capacity of sector organizations, knowledge centers and other institutions active in the fields of water, the environment and infrastructure in developing countries and countries in transition. In of its mission, the Institute has three main goals: • Develop innovation, provide new knowledge, and promote the uptake of technologies and policies that will address the issues of the global water agenda, in particular those related to the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and the post 2015 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs); • Seek, evaluate and facilitate responses for the sustainable management of water, to meet the needs of all sectors of society, particularly the poor; • Strengthen and promote principles of good governance that drive institutional and management change to the sustainable management of water. Strategy Water will be one of the most important issues of the 21st century. How should water be managed 40 years from now in a world inhabited by more than 9 billion people? This and many other questions demand direct action. Water is critical to the world‟s prosperity and environmental sustainability. Safe drinking water and appropriate sanitation are vital factors in human health and quality of life. More than half the population already lives in cities, and this number will only increase. UNESCO-IHE‟s strategic plan recognizes that addressing global challenges such as poverty, climate change and public health requires a strong foundation of knowledge to improve water management practices.
Sources : en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IndianNGO en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janaagraha www.janaagraha.org/q2report2012-13/tendersure.htm home.sustainurban.org/
THANK YOU
PRESENTED BY : SRIDEVI . K USN No : 1BM14AHD08 I SEM M . Arch
NGO Contents : •
Introduction
•
Case Study 1 – Janaagraha
•
Case Study 2 – Sustainable Urbanism International
•
Case Study 3 - UNESCO
SRIDEV.K
I SEM M.ARCH
B.MS.C.E
15.12.14
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What is an NGO?? A non-governmental organization (NGO) is any non-profit, voluntary citizens group which is organized on a local, national or international level. Task-oriented and driven by people with a common interest, NGOs perform a variety of service and humanitarian functions, bring citizen concerns to Governments, advocate and monitor policies and encourage political participation through provision of information. Some are organized around specific issues, such as human rights, environment or health. NGOs are referred in many ways NPOs or Not for profit VOs or Voluntary Organizations CSOs or Civil Society Organizations CBOs or Community Based Organizations Charitable Organizations Third Sector Organizations (The other two sectors are state and the market) Typical Forms of NGOs Advocacy These NGOs basically work on advocacy or campaigning on issues or causes. As a focus, they do not implement programmes. Consultancy / Research Organizations These NGOs work on Social and Developmental Research & Consultancy Training / Capacity Building Organizations In the NGO Sector, training is usually called as Capacity Building. Some NGOs only work on Capacity Building of the other NGOs Mother NGOs These NGOs are recipients as well as givers Self Help Groups They are not typically termed as NGOs. These are formed by beneficiary communities, typically women who come together in a group of 10 plus SRIDEV.K
I SEM M.ARCH
B.MS.C.E
15.12.14
How many NGOs are working in India • The estimates of different sources vary but largely people agree this figure to be between 1 million to 2 million • Gwalior- over 10,000 ed • • • • •
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Some of the states with high number of NGOs Gujarat Maharashtra TamilNadu West Bengal For many years now, TN has been recording the second highest foreign aid receipts by NGOs, next only to Delhi. Who helps the NGO Sector Funding agencies: both Indian and International, eg. VHAI (Voluntary Health Association of India), CIDA (Canadian International Development Agency) Corporate Companies: both Indian and International, eg: Sir Dorab Ji Tata Trust (Food Security), Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (HIV and AIDS). Secret Donors Government Agencies: Mostly various ministries at the central and state level, eg: Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Types of Activities done: Advocacy and awareness Movements and campaigns Hardware Activities Service Delivery Networking
SRIDEV.K
I SEM M.ARCH
B.MS.C.E
15.12.14
• • • • • • • •
Major Thrust Areas Health Land Ravine Reclamation Women Empowerment Female Infanticide and Feticide Food security Corruption Community Empowerment Sizes of Project May vary on the grounds of project that is being implemented 5 people to 500 looking after a project. Financially depending on the thrust area ranging from Rs.50000 to 5 Crores
• • • • • • • • •
So How Do We Really Go About Bringing A Change???? The Change Process Analyzing Planning Staffing Networking Implementing Monitoring Evaluating Sustaining Exiting SRIDEV.K
I SEM M.ARCH
B.MS.C.E
15.12.14
Functions of NGOs with respect to Entrepreneurial Scenario 1. Entrepreneurial Development Programme (EDP) 2. Counseling 3. Development of Infrastructure 4. Construction of Housing Facility 5. ing Innovation and Pilot Projects 6. Providing Technical Assistance Advantages of NGOs → Ability to experiment freely → Flexible in adapting to local needs → Enjoy Good rapport with people → Ability to communicate at all levels → Ability to recruit experts and highly motivated staff → Less restrictions from the Government
• • • • • • • •
Disadvantages of NGOs Lack of funds Lack of dedicated leadership Inadequate trained personnel Misuse of Funds Monopolization of leadership Lack of public participation Centralization in Urban Areas Lack of Coordination
SRIDEV.K
I SEM M.ARCH
B.MS.C.E
15.12.14
Responsibilities of NGOs • Act as a change agent • Environment • Safeguarding Human Rights Representatives of weaker sections Challenges to NGOs • Need for honest and dedicated persons. • Need for transparency to create confidence. • A proper personnel policy • Protect the interest of the people rather than • Transparent and easy to operate mechanism.
SRIDEV.K
I SEM M.ARCH
B.MS.C.E
15.12.14
Types of NGOs: By orientation and level of Operation NGO types can be understood by their orientation and level of cooperation. NGO types by orientation: •Charitable Orientation often involves a top-down paternalistic effort with little participation by the "beneficiaries". It includes NGOs with activities directed toward meeting the needs of the poor -distribution of food, clothing or medicine; provision of housing, transport, schools etc. Such NGOs may also undertake relief activities during a natural or man-made disaster. •Service Orientation includes NGOs with activities such as the provision of health, family planning or education services in which the programme is designed by the NGO and people are expected to participate in its implementation and in receiving the service. •Participatory Orientation is characterized by self-help projects where local people are involved particularly in the implementation of a project by contributing cash, tools, land, materials, labor etc. In the classical community development project, participation begins with the need definition and continues into the planning and implementation stages. Cooperatives often have a participatory orientation. •Empowering Orientation is where the aim is to help poor people develop a clearer understanding of the social, political and economic factors affecting their lives, and to strengthen their awareness of their own potential power to control their lives. Sometimes, these groups develop spontaneously around a problem or an issue, at other times outside workers from NGOs play a facilitating role in their development. In any case, there is maximum involvement of the people with NGOs acting as facilitators.
SRIDEV.K
I SEM M.ARCH
B.MS.C.E
15.12.14
NGO Types by level of operation: •Community-based Organizations (CBOs) arise out of people's own initiatives. These can include sports clubs, women's organizations, neighbourhood organizations, religious or educational organizations. There are a large variety of these, some ed by NGOs, national or international NGOs, or bilateral or international agencies, and others independent of outside help. Some are devoted to rising the consciousness of the urban poor or helping them to understand their rights in gaining access to needed services while others are involved in providing such services. •Citywide Organizations include organizations such as the Rotary or lion's Club, chambers of commerce and industry, coalitions of business, ethnic or educational groups and associations of community organizations. Some exist for other purposes, and become involved in helping the poor as one of many activities, while others are created for the specific purpose of helping the poor. •National NGOs include organizations such as the Red Cross, YMCAs/YWCAs, professional organizations etc. Some of these have state and city branches and assist local NGOs. •International NGOs range from secular agencies such as Redda BArna and Save the Children organizations, OXFAM, CARE, Ford and Rockefeller Foundations to religiously motivated groups. Their activities vary from mainly funding local NGOs, institutions and projects, to implementing the projects themselves.
SRIDEV.K
I SEM M.ARCH
B.MS.C.E
15.12.14
Top 10 NGO - India undefined Help Age India - Rank 1 Sargam Sanstha - Rank 2 Smile Foundation - Rank 3 Give India Lepra Society Udaan Deepalaya Uday Foundation Karmayog Pratham
Top 10 NGO - World Inter Environment - Rank 1 Idealist - Rank 2 I C V A - Rank 3 AIE SEC ACLU Animal Wildlife Foundation Earth Island Institute D.E.L.T.A Rescue Yad Ezra V'Shulamit Every Home Global Concern SRIDEV.K
I SEM M.ARCH
B.MS.C.E
15.12.14
CASE STUDY 1 :
SRIDEV.K
JANAAGRAHA
I SEM M.ARCH
B.MS.C.E
15.12.14
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Janaagraha is a not-for-profit organization that aims to strengthen democracy in India by working for citizen participation in urban local government.
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Janaagraha aims to spread awareness of the benefits of engaging local governments after electing them and to lobby the Government of India to enact legislation to extend the 74th Amendment to the Constitution of India for more representative local urban government.
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The co-founders of the organization are Ramesh Ramanathan and Swati Ramanathan.
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At Janaagraha, they have developed a comprehensive framework called REED to guide our policies and practices to bring about change in quality of life and public governance. It is an acronym for four defining aspects of urban governance:
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Regional perspective to urban issues
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Empowered citizens and local governments
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Enabled citizens and local governments with Direct ability of the government to the people.
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The term 'quality of life' as defined by Janaagraha has two distinct and inter-related aspects. The first 'quality of urban infrastructure and services' - the quality of urban of amenities, i.e., roads, drains, traffic ,transport, water supply,etc.The second aspect is the 'quality of citizenship' - the role that urban residents play by participating in civic issues. SRIDEV.K
I SEM M.ARCH
B.MS.C.E
15.12.14
Online Initiatives I Change My City I Change My City is a social networking initiative that is committed to urban issues electoral and civic. It aims to initiate change, build networks of communities & local civic bodies, provide data on urban issues, civic awareness & training – all of this at a local neighbourhood level. I Paid A Bribe (IPAB) I Paid A Bribe is Janaagraha's initiative to tackle corruption by harnessing the collective energy of citizens. I Paid A Bribe uses them to argue for improving governance systems and procedures, tightening law enforcement and regulation. Thereby reduce the scope for corruption while obtaining services from the government. Offline Initiatives Ward Infrastructure Index (WII) Ward Infrastructure Index (WII) programme is a unique initiative to assess quality of life in urban areas. It analyses various wards by its quality of infrastructure and rates them on scale of 0 – 10 (0 being the least and 10 being the best), to give residents and municipalities an easy indicator on how their respective wards measure up against standard benchmarks set by the government. The project looks at services like water supply, electricity, public health, public safety, civic amenities, transport and environment to arrive at a rating. It not only provides valuable information to urban planners and decision makers to streamline delivery of goods and services to different wards but also facilitates direct ability of local istration and elected representatives to the urban citizens SRIDEV.K
I SEM M.ARCH
B.MS.C.E
15.12.14
Janaagraha field of impact 1. Area Suraksha is a Civil Defence Initiative that trains citizens to actively create safer neighbourhoods and strong communities. 2. Bala Janaagraha The Bala Janaagraha programme is conducted for students of VIII Standard of interested government, aided and private schools in Bangalore and other urban centres. The programme runs from June/July to January/February (according to the start of the academic calendar) each year and is comprised of in-school as well as out of school activities.
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BCCF The Bangalore City Connect Foundation (BCCF) is an initiative which brings various urban stakeholders outside government together on a single platform. It assists government agencies by providing knowledge, assistance and for better planning and implementation of urban infrastructure in Bangalore. It has begun its work by focusing on Traffic and Transportation
4. Jaagte Raho! the Election Commission of India (ECI) and Janaagraha Centre for Citizenship and Democracy signed yet another historic Memorandum Understanding (MOU) to reform electoral systems. 5. India Urban Space Foundation India Urban Space Foundation is a partner program of Janaagraha, It makes urban and spatial planning central to the transformation of Urban India, leading economic, political and social change through it, in Bangalore context it is TENDER SURE PROJECT. The goal of project Tender SURE is to improve the quality of life in our cities by getting our road infrastructure right, pilot project they have taken up 8 major roads in Bangalore. SRIDEV.K
I SEM M.ARCH
B.MS.C.E
15.12.14
6. Applied Research The Janaagraha Applied Research Programme (J-ARP) is a core programme of Janaagraha which engages in action-oriented research activities to further Janaagraha‟s advocacy and grassroots objectives. It brings together various urban research stakeholders, to promote awareness of the need for increased and sustained urban research in India. 7. Ward infrastructure Index assesses the quality of life in various wards by its quality of infrastructure. It rates them on scale of 0 – 10 where 0 is the least and 10 is the best. The WII data formed the basis for the Bangalore Patrol campaign – a result of Janaagraha‟s collaboration with the Times of India. 8. Urban Capacity Building Janaagraha‟s Urban Capacity Building Programme (UCBP) works toward deg; developing; deploying; facilitating; and, thereby, establishing apt learning events for key stakeholders including champions and change-agents from all walks of life – who can positively influence broad-based and sustainable urban development 9. PROOF Public Record of Operations and Finance (PROOF) is Janaagraha's public disclosure and ability initiative. PROOF works with governments to enhance financial and performance disclosures of local governments and with citizens to catalyse citizen engagement on city finances.
SRIDEV.K
I SEM M.ARCH
B.MS.C.E
15.12.14
TENDERSURE Roads today are used as both networks for mobility in expanding cities and towns, as well as the means of access to individual dwellings. The goal of project Tender SURE is to improve the quality of life in our cities by getting our road infrastructure right. India's urban roads currently suffer from a two-fold gap: a lack of design specifications; and a poor procurement process. Tender SURE addresses both these gaps by providing vital, replicable blueprints for governments and contractors alike. Detailed Project Report (DPR) provision In quarter two, India Urban Space Foundation (IUSP) was entrusted with creating DPRs for 12 key corridors in Bangalore, by order of the Government of Karnataka. In quarter two, IUSP completed field investigations for all 12 corridors, involving the following tests: Benkelman Beam Deflection Study Soil tests Total Station Survey Usage surveys Utility Service Mapping Traffic survey Pedestrian survey
SRIDEV.K
I SEM M.ARCH
B.MS.C.E
15.12.14
CASE STUDY 2: SUSTAINABLE URBANISM INTERNATIONAL
SRIDEV.K
I SEM M.ARCH
B.MS.C.E
15.12.14
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Sustainable Urbanism International is a research and design initiative committed to the conservation of cultural heritage, and developing strategies for promoting culturally and environmentally sensitive strategies for urban development. • SUI was established as a non-profit NGO in Bangalore in 2003 and is also a research unit at the Graduate School of Architecture, Planning, and Preservation, Columbia University in New York. SUI works with governments, communities, and private investors to develop strategies for urban development that bring about the benefits of modernization while minimizing the cultural dislocations arising from it. Expertise •
Culturally and environmentally sustainable architectural design.
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Culturally and environmentally sustainable city planning.
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Site Management plans for conservation and development of cultural heritage sites.
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Architecture and Urban Design in heritage sensitive areas.
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Lake and waterfront redevelopment.
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Construction with local materials and technology including earth.
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Design of alternative infrastructural systems.
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Documentation, analysis, and grading of heritage structures.
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Research on architectural and urban history.
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Tourism development strategy and design.
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Documentation and analysis of intangible heritage. SRIDEV.K
I SEM M.ARCH
B.MS.C.E
15.12.14
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Design, develop and produce Digital multimedia Digital documentation and archiving Laser Scanning and digital 3D reconstruction and walkthrough of heritage buildings and places Web interface design and development including social media Brochures, maps, and print publications
Planning & Design for Cultural Heritage • SUI develops plans for conserving and managing cultural heritage as well as for sustainable urban development that is compatible with and builds upon heritage and identity of the place. • From transportation and land-use plans to social housing, SUI‟s designs strategies adopt an inclusive and participatory approach to bring about the benefits of modernization while minimizing cultural dislocations.
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SUI designs, plans and policies include Cultural heritage management strategies Master-plan and land-use plans, and regulations Green design and design of infrastructural systems compatible with heritage Design and redevelopment of streets, street facades, heritage walks, waterfronts, and public spaces Housing planning and design Design and policies for compatible adaptive re-use of heritage structures and spaces Adapting Heritage for Livelihood Strategies SRIDEV.K
I SEM M.ARCH
B.MS.C.E
15.12.14
Services Cultural Tourism • SUI designs and plans tourism development strategies at various scales from individual structures to cities and regions with multiple heritage sites. Strategies are designed to enhance visitor experience while protecting heritage assets, and contributing to peoplecentered economic development. • In promoting heritage-based tourism for sustainable development, SUI views heritage as cultural landscapes beyond just the monuments and respects the inherited resources and knowledge of people and communities.
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Designs, plans and strategies include Strategies for heritage-led tourism destination development Strategies for infrastructure development compatible with heritage identity Documentation and analysis of tangible and intangible heritage Guidelines and regulations for managing heritage assets including adaptive reuse Design of signage and hospitality facilities compatible with heritage character
Digital Multimedia for Heritage • SUI promotes awareness about cultural heritage using new media and digital technology to interpret, document, visualize, reconstruct, make accessible and build networks of heritage sites. • Digital multimedia presentations integrate in-depth historical research, audio narrative, interviews, music, images, digital reconstructions and walk-through animations for on-site display at heritage sites, museums, tourist centers, libraries, schools and the world wide web. SUI‟s innovative research and technology based digital multimedia connects monuments with cities, people, place, traditions, intangible heritage, and natural landscape. SRIDEV.K
I SEM M.ARCH
B.MS.C.E
15.12.14
Anandrao Flyover Innovating Public Space in Bangalore Transforming Waste Space to Public Space: Deg for Sustainability under Bangalore‟s Anand Rao Flyover •
Public spaces and parks have woefully diminished, Bangalore has acquired vast amounts of non-descript, underutilized, and unfriendly „wasted‟ spaces beneath the new concrete infrastructure. In recent months the city has also been battling a crisis of solid-waste management.
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Together with the BBMP, the workshop undertook the implementation of a demonstration at Anand Rao Circle in Bangalore.
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Identifying a prominent space at the circle under the flyover that was filled with trash and debris, the workshop converted the space into a public space for a few moments of respite at a busy intersection.
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The workshop used scrap from billboards to fabricate a series of metal frames and benches, and reused discarded pavers and gravel created seating areas.
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Existing signage boards, and fences were incorporated into the design. The concrete pillars were cleaned and painted in cheerful colors.
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Much rhesearcon plants that grow in shade with less water was undertaken along with the BBMP horticulture department. The idea is that creepers would wrap around the pillars and plants would provide much needed relief and counter pollution in the city. The entire project was carried out in two and half weeks with the of BBMP. Columbia University, New York ed the travel of the students to Bangalore. Utilize waste and recycled materials to construct. SRIDEV.K
I SEM M.ARCH
B.MS.C.E
15.12.14
Srishti School of Art Design and Technology •
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Since 2007, Srishti has been collaborating with SUI led by Prof. Jyoti Hosagrahar. Srishti students and faculty from Interior and Furniture Design, Product and Systems Design, Film, and Visual Communication have all been engaged with projects on heritage towns in Karnataka with SUI as well as a heritage palace in Gujarat. The work of the Srishti students has ed, extended, and added to the work of SUI on these heritage areas. SUI-Srishti collaborations have included: Studio Project: Cultural heritage, development and design in the Hoysala Heritage region on 15 historic cities in Karnataka established in the 11th and 13th centuries in collaboration with Sustainable Urbanism International (SUI). Various studio projects 2007-2011. Studio Project: Visualizing cultural heritage, Railway Staff College, Vadodara, in collaboration with SUI, and the Ministry of Railways, Government of India, 2012 Conceptualizing Kalagram: Exploration and development of the concept of a Community museum and center for research on crafts in a heritage town in Karnataka in collaboration with SUI, 2010-2012 Exploring cultural landscapes: Explorations of heritage, craft, tourism, and the cultural landscape in Kutch, Gujarat in collaboration with SUI, 2010. City Waste: Intensive workshop on community, culture, and garbage in Bangalore with SUI Columbia University, New York, 2013. Transforming Waste to Public Space: Deg for Sustainability under Bangalore‟s Flyovers: Anand Rao Circle, Bangalore. An intensive workshop with SUI Columbia University, New York included documentation, analysis, design, and construction of a public space at Anand Rao Circle in Bangalore, 2014. SRIDEV.K
I SEM M.ARCH
B.MS.C.E
15.12.14
Integrated Site Management Plan for Srirangapatna, Karnataka ghat14 •
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SUI is engaged in design and policy interventions in Srirangapatna to explore the cultural, social and environmental dimensions of sustainability in managing urban heritage. With a perspective that places have complex ecologies that need to be nurtured and sustained, SUI has expanded the idea of heritage beyond monuments to the intersections of nature, culture, and the built environment. SUI views local knowledge, spatial and building practices, and landscape interpretations of hydrological systems as integral to the cultural landscape of a place. Identifying such “heritage” is a collaborative effort with local residents, also helping recognize livelihood forms, practices, and skills that have been lost. Efforts to develop a heritage-sensitive town plans based and reviving and adapting traditional construction technologies all integrate heritage conservation with design, development planning, and natural resource management. SUI‟s minimalist design and planning interventions are aiming to enhance local economic development, while enabling local populations to express their historically derived placedbased identities. SUI is involved in a range of studies, policies, and design interventions for Srirangapatna through extensive community and stakeholder consultations. They include sustainable tourism development, redesign of public spaces, adaptive reuse of historic structures, sustainable designs for infrastructure and public facilities, redevelopment of common property resources, design of street signage, renovating the interior of homes, and the design of movable public performance spaces.
Partners ◦ Archaeological Survey of India. SRIDEV.K
I SEM M.ARCH
B.MS.C.E
15.12.14
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SUI designs and interacts with communities to develop livelihood strategies based on heritage. From the development of tourism related products and services to the design of festivals and cultural events, SUI‟s strategies retain and revive traditional forms, use and activities while adapting them to contemporary conditions. Sustainable livelihood strategies are aimed at poverty alleviation and empowerment of women and marginalized populations through microenterprises. Efforts include participatory design, ive policies, training and capacity-building. Home-stay and small-scale hospitality services Local cuisine development in restaurants, cafes and vendors Integration of vendors and microenterprise retail through public space design Microenterprises related to crafts, souvenirs and creative products Revival, design and adaptation of building crafts Integration of performing arts into public spaces
SRIDEV.K
I SEM M.ARCH
B.MS.C.E
15.12.14
CASE STUDY 3 : UNESCO
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UNESCO was created in order to respond to the firm belief of nations, forged by two world wars in less than a generation, that political and economic agreements are not enough to build a lasting peace. Peace must be established on the basis of humanity‟s moral and intellectual solidarity.UNESCO strives to build networks among nations that enable this kind of solidarity, by:Mobilizing for education: so that every child, boy or girl, has access to quality education as a fundamental human right and as a prerequisite for human development. Building intercultural understanding: through protection of heritage and for cultural diversity. UNESCO created the idea of World Heritage to protect sites of outstanding universal value. Pursuing scientific cooperation: such as early warning systems for tsunamis or transboundary water management agreements, to strengthen ties between nations and societies. Protecting freedom of expression: an essential condition for democracy, development and human dignity.Today, UNESCO's message has never been more important. We must create holistic policies that are capable of addressing the social, environmental and economic dimensions of sustainable development. This new thinking on sustainable development reaffirms the founding principles of the Organization and enhances its role:In a globalized world with interconnected societies, intercultural dialogue is vital if we are to live together while acknowledging our diversity. In an uncertain world, the future of nations depends not only on their economic capital or natural resources, but on their collective ability to understand and anticipate changes in the environment - through education, scientific research and the sharing of knowledge. In an unstable world - marked by fledgling democratic movements, the emergence of new economic powers and societies weakened by multiple stress factors – the educational, scientific and cultural fabric of societies – along with respect for fundamental rights guarantees their resilience and stability.
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In a connected world - with the emergence of the creative economy and knowledge societies, along with the dominance of the Internet, the full participation of everyone in the new global public space is a prerequisite for peace and development. UNESCO is known as the "intellectual" agency of the United Nations. At a time when the world is looking for new ways to build peace and sustainable development, people must rely on the power of intelligence to innovate, expand their horizons and sustain the hope of a new humanism. UNESCO exists to bring this creative intelligence to life; for it is in the minds of men and women that the defences of peace and the conditions for sustainable development must be built. Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) Education for Sustainable Development allows every human being to acquire the knowledge, skills, attitudes and values necessary to shape a sustainable future. Education for Sustainable Development means including key sustainable development issues into teaching and learning; for example, climate change, disaster risk reduction, biodiversity, poverty reduction, and sustainable consumption. It also requires participatory teaching and learning methods that motivate and empower learners to change their behaviour and take action for sustainable development. Education for Sustainable Development consequently promotes competencies like critical thinking, imagining future scenarios and making decisions in a collaborative way. Education for Sustainable Development requires far-reaching changes in the way education is often practiced today. UNESCO is the lead agency for the UN Decade of Education for Sustainable Development (2005-2014).
Vision UNESCO-IHE envisions a world in which people manage their water and environmental resources in a sustainable manner, and in which all sectors of society, particularly the poor, can enjoy the benefits of basic services. Mission • The mission of UNESCO-IHE is to contribute to the education and training of professionals, the knowledge base through research and to build the capacity of sector organizations, knowledge centers and other institutions active in the fields of water, the environment and infrastructure in developing countries and countries in transition. In of its mission, the Institute has three main goals: • Develop innovation, provide new knowledge, and promote the uptake of technologies and policies that will address the issues of the global water agenda, in particular those related to the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and the post 2015 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs); • Seek, evaluate and facilitate responses for the sustainable management of water, to meet the needs of all sectors of society, particularly the poor; • Strengthen and promote principles of good governance that drive institutional and management change to the sustainable management of water. Strategy Water will be one of the most important issues of the 21st century. How should water be managed 40 years from now in a world inhabited by more than 9 billion people? This and many other questions demand direct action. Water is critical to the world‟s prosperity and environmental sustainability. Safe drinking water and appropriate sanitation are vital factors in human health and quality of life. More than half the population already lives in cities, and this number will only increase. UNESCO-IHE‟s strategic plan recognizes that addressing global challenges such as poverty, climate change and public health requires a strong foundation of knowledge to improve water management practices.
Sources : en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IndianNGO en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janaagraha www.janaagraha.org/q2report2012-13/tendersure.htm home.sustainurban.org/
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