Manual Drafting Technique 3x4b

ARCHITECTURAL WORKING DRAWINGS I.

II.

DESIGN TOOLS A. MANUAL DRAFTING TECHNIQUE B. COMPUTER DRAWING

IN MANUAL DRAFTING TECHNIQUE, DRAFTING MATERIALS ARE NEEDED A. A drafting table is needed B. A t-square can be used with a wooden drafting board C. An extra roll of vellum for a need to start another drawing D. Gather all pencils with different leads E. Used drafting dots (drafting tape), furniture or plumbing templates, a board rush, erasing shield and eraser. III. FOR MANUAL DRAFTING, THERE ARE SOME METHODS THAT HAS TO BE FOLLOWED CORRECTLY. I. When manually drafting floor plan, a straight edge is always used. II. In using a t-square, the “T” is place securely against the right or left side of the table to draw horizontal lines. III. In drawing vertical lines, place the bottom side of the right triangle on the top of parallel bar and draw vertical line using the vertical portion. IV. Apply equal pressure as you pull the pencil from left to right or top to bottom. V. Pencil should never leave the paper until the line is complete and it’s not advisable to trace a line which has been drawn already. VI. Sprinkling a setting powder over the pencil lines helps the integrity of lines VII. Used a board brush in removing eraser residue IV. THE IMPORTANT WAYS OF DRAWING LINE TYPES AND LINE WEIGHTS A. On floor plans, exterior walls are drawn with heavy, solid lines. B. Windows, and elements such as kitchen cabinets and refrigerator should be drawn as dashed line C. Interior walls have a slightly light line weight D. Interior elements such as plumbing are drawn with the slightest line weight. E. All lines should be shiny, sharp and never fuzzy V. THE METHODS FOR LETTERING A. An “f” pencil should be used in lettering B. Vertical portions of letters and numbers should not be freehand drawing. C. Use a small triangle to draw any straight portion of letters D. Curved portions of numbers and letters must be drawn freehand E. Draw guidelines first, representing the desired height

ABOUT MANUAL DRAFTING TOOLS AND THEIR USES. I . THE USE OF THE DRAFTING TABLE. A. It can be adjusted in different heights B. There are some that is equipped with a ledge so the pencils and pens will not roll off the table. II. USAGE OF THE DRAFTING BOARD A. It’s not adjustable and it’s meant to be used on the top of a table B. It is portable and usually has a handle. III. THE USE OF TRACING PAPER IN MANUAL DRAFTING A. B. C. D. E.

It is used in manual drafting It also comes in different sizes, calipers or thickness It doesn’t break easily and doesn’t bleed The smoothness allows the pens and pencil to glide easily across the paper Usually available in rolls

IV . THE USE OF DRAFTING PENS A. It is used to draw permanent lines of constant width B. They are marked depending on the width of the tip C. It varies from 0.13 to 2.0 V . THE USE OF MECHANICAL PENCILS A. The leads are consistently sharp B. The lead grades ranges from 9B to 9H; 9B being the darkest grade and 9H the lightest grade. VI . THE USE OF T-SQUARE A. A ruler used horizontally on a drafting table B. It can slide up and down and used to draw horizontal lines C. It can be used with the triangle to draw vertical lines VII. THE USE OF SCALED RULER OR TRIANGULAR SCALE A. A three-sided ruler, marked with range of ratios B. Allows you to draw actual dimension in smaller scale to fit in the paper. VIII. THE USE OF TRIANGLES

A. There two standard triangles; 30 by 60 degrees and 45 degree B. It is used to connect points such as perspective drawings and angles in different degrees IX. THE USE OF CURVED RULERS A. It can be contorted to draw curves B. Irregular curves or French curves have no constant radii but not flexible. X. TEMPLATES A. It’s a plastic sheet used to create different kinds of drawing B. It comes with different scales to be used with the size of the drawing you create. c. Lettering and Number template are used to draw numbers and letters. d. Symbol templates is used to draw architectural symbols such as lights, ceilings, outlets and switches

Comparative Study betweenManual drafting Method and Computer Aided Design Method

I.

What is a Manual drafting method? A. What were the materials used for manual drafting method? B. What were the advantages and disadvantages of manual drafting method? 1. What were the advantages of manual drafting method? 2. What were the disadvantages of manual drafting method?

II.

What is a Computer Aided Design (CAD) Method? A. What were the materials used for CAD method? B. What were the advantages and disadvantages of CAD method? 1. What were the advantages of CAD method? 2. What were the disadvantages of CAD method?

III.

Compare and contrast Manual drafting method and CAD Method. A. Compare manual drafting and CAD method. B. Contrast manual drafting and CAD method.

IV.

Which of the two methods is more effectively used according to the study?

THE ADVANTAGES OF AUTOCAD VS. MANUAL DRAFTING I .ACCESSING THE DRAWING IN A COMPUTER A. You can access drawings anywhere B. It can save drawing on a remote server and access it from any computer C. It can save you from carrying materials anywhere. II. THE DRAWING CAN BE PRESENTED IN 3D A. A person can view it in 3D B. It can bring drawings to life and helps client on what they will be getting from a project C. AutoCad can help visualize concepts and drawings can appear more realistic III. AUTOCAD IS USEFUL FOR TIME MANAGEMENT A. It can save time than drawing it manually B. It can simply point and click C. It can be edited quickly IV . AUTOCADD IS INDUSTRY STANDARD A. It is used by many professionals in the design field B. It can send drawings and information easily.

AUTOCAD I.

II.

III.

WHAT IS CAD? A. It stands for Computer Aided-Design B. Architects, drafters, engineers and artist use CAD software to create plans and construction WHY DO WE NEED TO USE CAD? A. It is more efficient because the software records the lines as vectors based on mathematical equations B. The portions of drawings can be twisted, stretched or moved. C. The pictures as a whole will automatically adjust. WHAT A DESIGNER CAN DO USING AUTOCAD A. It can switch between two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) views. B. It can zoom in and out for close-up and distant views C. It can rotate image to view them from different perspective D. It can change the scale of images. When one value changes, related values are automatically adjusted.

E. It can manipulate the shape of images. Changing one portion of an image automatically changes the entire pictures