Elliptical Structure 61r5n

THE PAPER ENGLISH LANGUAGE SIMPLE PRESENT AND CONTINUOUS TENSE

Lecturer: Nurfaizah, M.Hum Compiled by: Alwiyah

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background We often hear someone says “I’m not hungry”. So the answer that we hear is, “I’m not too”. In indonesian, the words say “saya juga tidak lapar” while “too” means “juga” so, usually they say “I’m not too”. But actually this is the wrong use in English, because too is just used for affirmative sentence. For more explanation about it we come to Elliptical Construction’s term. Elliptical Construction is an easy term because it talks about making simple the sentence, or omission of word from a sentence with aim to be better and shorter. it is very useful in conversation and also used in the formal article. Elliptical construction addressed for short sentence but do not change meaning at all. The main purpose of Elliptical sentence is to combinate two words which has the same meaning. Example “I am going to school” and “He is going to school”, I and He are the subject of doing the same thing that is “go to school”. So, these two words we could combinate become one word as like “I am going to school and he is, too” or “I am going to school and so is he”. That’s all the little explanation of Elliptical construction and now we have known about the importance of it. So, I want to explain it more on this paper. My paper is about Elliptical Construction, it is not the difficult term, so my paper will be so short, and I will focus in the example.

1.2 Problem Formulation   

What is Elliptical Construction? What is the purpose of Elliptical Construction? What is the division of Elliptical Construction?

CHAPTER II

DISCUSSION 2.1

Elliptical Construction Elliptical Construction is the formulation to indicate or show that someone, or something do

or do not do a thing, and adding other subject (someone or something) that has same predicate, do or do not do a thing. These two sentences have the same predicate, or we could say that the two subject do the same thing. So Elliptical construction has a function to minimalize the unuseful word or unimportant word in the sentence. By using the Elliptical Sentence we could make the it simple and better to hear. Usually, Eliptical sentence use some word as like “too, so, either, neither, but” and all of the words followed by auxiliary verb, depends on it’s tenses. Elliptical sentence is divided by three condition, that’s are in positive or affirmative agreement, negative agreement, and opposite agreement.1 2.2. Elliptical function As I wrote before, that Elliptical Construction has function to me the sentence easier and more simple by combinating the predicate. We just use this form if those subject has the same predicate, so we just combinate it, even that is the affirmative or negative agreement and also we can use it in the ooposite agreemnt. For affirmative agreement we can use “so and too” and for negative agreement we use “neither or either” while for opposite we use “but and while”. Actually all of them are conjunction2 but in this term we just talk about these word in Elliptical construction. 2.3. The type of Elliptical construction Elliptical Construction are divided by it’s condition, so there are three type of it. 1 Ahmad Sofihuddin, Makalah Elliptical sentence, Hal 1 2 Betty Schrampfer Azar, Understanding and Using English Grammar, Hal 348

A. Affirmative agreement - He is moslem - I m moslem He and I has the same predicate, or we can say that I agree with his statement while the statement is positive sentence. So we can combinate these sentence with “So or Too”. -

He is moslem, I am Too He is moslem, So am I

Other ways to say agreement or elliptical affirmative in conversation -

He is moslem, Me too That is good idea, I think so3

But these are not formal use in elliptical, it is the just way we speak B. Negative agreement - I am not a childish - He is not a childish Because we talk about Elliptical Constrution, of course we always talk about sentence with the same predicate. As like before, He and I has the same predicate that is “childish” so, He agrees with my statement while the statement is negative sentence. Because this is negative sentence we are not allowed to use “So or Too”, that will be a big mistake. So we use “Either or Neither”. - I am not childish, He isn’t Either - I am not childish, Neither is He C. Opposite - Lulu is an artist - Alwiyah is not an artist These sentence has the same predicate, but the difference with affirmative or negative agreement, in this type the predicate is ooposite. Looking at the example we know that Lulu is an artist while Alwiyah is not, but they have the same predicate that is “artist”. So we use “But or While” -

Lulu is an artist but Alwiyah isn’t Lulu is an artist while Alwiyah isn’t

3 Imam Baehaqi, Simple English Converation, Hal 24

2.4. The rules of Elliptical Construction A. Affirmative agreement 1. Use the same auxiliary verb or to be As we know before, in the type of affirmative agreement we use “so and too” and we add the auxiliary verb or to be, as like “He is too” or “so He is”. The auxiliary verb or to be that we used in Elliptical sentence is depend on the first sentence, so these two words have the same auxiliary or to be. Auxiliary in every tenses is different. We have learned it before, that auxiliary verbs in tenses are “do, does, did, have, has, will” and the to be are “is, am, are, be,been”. So if in the first sentence there is to be “is” of course in the Elliptical sentence we use “is”. -

She is fussy He is fussy She is fussy, He is too She is fussy, so He is 2. “So” is placed in the first and “too” is placed in the end

Looking at many example I write before, that “so” and “too” has different form. Because “so” is in the first and followed by subject and auxiliary, but “too” is placed after subject and auxillary. -

He is too = So He is =

Subject + auxiliary/to be + too So + auxiliary/to be + subject

B. Negative agreement 1. Use the same auxiliary or to be As like before, because it talks about elliptical sentence so we always use the same auxiliary in both sentence. And also if the sentence has no auxiliary verb but he has to be, we use the same to be in both sentence. -

They don’t like brutality We don’t like brutality

They and we has the same auxiliary verb that is “don” so in elliptical we use it too -

They don’t like brutality, we don’t either They don’t like brutality, Neither do we 2. Abridge negative auxiliary

This is the type of negative agreement, and then of course we will always find the negative sentence. And because Elliptical is about simple sentence so the negative auxiliary or to be have to be simple by abridging it. So we have to combinate “not” and auxiliary verb4 as like “do” become “don’t” so, it is forbidden to say “do not”. The kinds of combinations of negative auxiliary verb are “don’t, doesn’t, won’t, haven’t, hasn’t” and the combinations of negative to be are “isn’t, aren’t”. -

He isn’t doctor They aren’t doctor He isn’t doctor, they aren’t either

3. “Neither” is placed in the first and “Either” is placed in the end As like “so”, “neither” is placed in the first, and as like “too” either” is placed in the end. -

So is He - Neither is He He is too - He is Either

We can see that neither is placed before to be and subject, but either is placed after subject and to be. -

Neither is He He isn’t either

= =

Neither + to be/auxiliary + subject subject + to be/auxiliary + not + subject

Even it negative agreement, for “neither” we don’t need to add “not” because neither is abridgment of “not either”

4 http://mahirbahasainggris.com/wp-content/s/2015/03/Elliptical-Sentencedalam-Bahasa-Inggris

CHAPTER III FINAL 3.1. Conclution In this paper we can conclude that the Elliptical Construction is abridge the sentence with the same predicate by using “so and too” in affirmative sentence and “ neither and either” in negative sentence and “but or while” in opposite. The simply form of Elliptical Construction is -

Subject + auxiliary + Too Subject + auxiliary + Either So + auxiliary + Subject Neither + auxiliary + Subject

And the additional rules are -

Using same auxiliary or to be in bith clause For negative auxiliary, we must abridge it “do not” become “don’t”

3.2. Suggestion As the writer, I realize I do many mistakes in this paper, so that I hope the reader’s suggestion to repair this paper.