Constructing Noun Clusters 394e73

KERANGKA BUKU AJAR KATA PENGANTAR ………………………………………………………………………………….. DAFTAR ISI ………………………………………………………………………………………….. UNIT 1

: Understanding Noun Cluster

………………………………………………. Translating a paragraph …………………………………………………… UNIT 2

: Reading: Making Prediction of a age ..

………………………….. Structure: Kinds of Linking Words………………………………………… Writing : Constructing sentences using linking words…………….. UNIT 3

: Reading Comprehension:

Bicycle………………………………………… Structure : Comparing and Contrasting …………………………….. Writing : Way to write a contrasting paragraph ……………….. Speaking : Practice presenting a picture using degree of comparison……………………………….. UNIT 4

: Reading : Laser

……………………………………………………………….. Vocabulary: Understanding Compound Nouns ……………………..

Structure : Reported Speech : Nouns, Adjective, Adverb…….. UNIT 5

: Reading : Refrigerator

……………………………………………………… Language Study: If Clause ……………………………………………….. Structure : Time Sequences ………………………………………….

UNIT 1 UNDERSTANDING NOUN CLUSTER 1. NOUN CLUSTER The construction of English word presents many problems. There are more than one

million words in the English language. The alphabet

contains only twenty six letters which combine in varied patterns to produce words.

These basic letters produce forty five sounds. Many

letters, therefore, have more than one sound. The fact that one letter can have more than one sound often causes language difficulties. Note: The word which is bolded is called as headword. The headword is preceding with other words, and it is called as noun cluster. Noun clusters usually begin with "a," "an," or "the" followed by a noun and its cluster of modifying words. They appear, usually, just before or just after a noun, which they are renaming. They are closely related to relative clauses, but they do not have relative pronouns like "who" or "which" at the beginning, and they do not have verbs. Modifier Headword Many

problems

Forty five departments More than one

programs

The

hovercraft

The main

differences

Language

difficulties

Exercise I Instruction: Underline the headword of the Noun Cluster from the age. The new Toyota is a small family car. It has a front engine. The engine has a reasonable capacity. It is a front wheel drive car. There are four seats. It has four gears and a reverse. Its maximum speed is 150 km/hour. This car has the advantage that is has a very low fuel consumption.

2.

PREPOSITION GROUP

Another form of Noun Cluster is preceded with preposition, which is called as preposition group. In Indonesia, the preposition group is not always be translated. Modifier

Preposition

Headword The

construction

Over one million The

words relationship

+

Noun Cluster

of

English words

in

the English

language of

symbols and sounds

Exercise II Instruction: Find out the words that create the Noun cluster and mark the headword. 1. Mathematics is an important subject for an engineer. 2. The job training program is prerequisite for all 6th semester students of PPNS ITS 3. A scanner converts text or pictures into electronic codes. 4. The results of the experiments prove the law. 5. The Typist is the cleverest personal scanner. 6. Resolution is the total number of pixels which is divided both horizontally and vertically. 7. Welding is one of the competences that must be taken by the students of Shipbuilding Polytechnic. 8. Computer graphics help s to understand complex information. 9. Sound is an important component of the multimedia approach. 10.

The students of Safety Engineering are allowed to take at

least two certification programs. Exercise III

Instruction: Find the Noun cluster of the age and underline the headword.

A hovercraft is a vehicle which is suspended upon a cushion of air. The cushion of air is generated by a fan which is attached to an engine which is attached to the hovercraft. The cushion of air is contained by a flexible sleeve called a skirt that is attached around the perimeter of the craft to hold the air under the craft and thus upon an air cushion. The craft is then propelled by whatever means is necessary to carry it forward. A majority of craft simply utilize a ducted fan or a propeller attached to a small 2 or 4 cycle engine. Control of a hovercraft is accomplished primarily through the use of rudders like the type used on aircraft. STUDENTS’ ASSIGNMENT I. Combine the Noun Cluster and the Preposition Group 1. the system 2. an internet connection 3. more than two ways 4. a criteria 5. the logic 6. an International standard 7. little time 8. many research 9. large amount 10. many reasons

a. b. c. d. e.

of measurement system for finishing a project for of programming language in artificial technology f. for making a new building g. for certification h. above the reality i. for asking question j. of controlling machine

II. Find the Noun Cluster and underline it The United States of America is a very big and rich country. It is one of the strongest and the richest countries in the world. In the year 1621 it was not a rich country, but it was new and exciting. Most of the people who lived there were Red Indians. The Red Indians lived in tribes, and some of the tribes were very big and strong. Sometimes there were wars between them. But in 1621 there were other people in America as well. These people came from Europe. Some came

from England, some from , , Spain, and other countries. Why did these people go to America? Some of them went because they thought they could make money. They wanted to become rich and then go back to Europe. Some wanted adventures. Some had a different religion from other people, and the government of their country put them in prison because it did not like the different religion. These people went to America to escape from the country which put them in prison.

THE WAY TO TRANSLATE Example 1 SOME NEW SAFETY EQUIPMENTS 1

beberapa 2

peralatan

3

keselamatan

4

baru

Firstly, translate the word SOME, because it is a quantifier, and a quantifier is located in front of the headword. Then translate the word EQUUIPMENTS (headword). The next word in front of the headword is SAFETY, it is a Noun. So, we notice that the EQUIPMENTS is a safety equipment. In front of SAFETY is NEW (adjective), which explain that the safety equipment is new. When we translate the phrase is Beberapa peralatan keselamatan yang baru Example 2: Noun cluster with 4 NOUNS that modify the HEADWORD A DATA PROCESSING PROBLEM DETAIL 1

sebuah 2 3 4

detail masalah pemrosesan

5

data

Article “a” is put at the front of the noun clusters, because it is the modifier of all nouns. The translation is started from the noun which explain the other noun from the closest to the farthest. Example 3 OUR SECONDARY MEMORY DEVICES 1. alat 2. penyimpanan 3. kedua 4. kita This Noun Cluster has no article, so it can be translated from the headword. After translating the noun in front of the headword, the possessive word “our” is translated. Exercises 1. Instruction: Circle the letter of the correct answer 1. a short time is a.

waktu yang singkat

b.

menyingkat waktu

2. a corner box is a. sudut sebuah kotak b. sebuah kotak yang trletak disudut. 3. a conventional machine is a. mesin yang masih kuno b. sisi convensional dari sebuah mesin 4. a safety talk is a. sebuah keselamatn berbicara b. sebuah percakapan tentang keselamatan 5. a data processing is a. sebuah data pemrosesan b. sebuah pemrosesan data 6. a ship repairing is

a. sebuah perbaikan kapal b. sebuah kapal yang diperbaiki 7. a pocket watch is a. sebuah jam yang disimpan di saku b. sebuah saku untuk menyimpan jam. 8. a student hostel is a. semacam asrama tempat mahasiswa tinggal b. mahasiswa yang tinggal di asrama. 9. two recording heads are a. dua perekam head. b. Dua head untuk merekam. 10.a block diagram is c. sebuah diagram balok d. sebuah balok diagram. Exercise II Instruction: Analyze the phrase and translate it. 1. four storage tanks. 2. the internal combustion engine. 3. the decision making process. 4. New car running instruction 5. a comprehensive object-oriented collection 6. the development environment application 7. a process of elimination method 8. the overall programming process. 9. a full set of safety working procedures 10. a reasonable computer price. A. STUDENTS’ ASSIGNMENT Find a age from your text book, then analyze the phrases based on the cluster. Parse the cluster. (Do this assignment in a group of two, then present it in the class)

B. Instruction: Combine the word in italic (Noun), so that it form a Noun Cluster. Example: John’s sister is a famous singer. She sings in operas. John’s sister is a famous opera singer

1. It is Billy’s computer. It is still new. It is Billy’s ………………….. 2. A computer can perform in mathematic way. It operates quickly. A computer can perform ………………………quickly. 3. There is a basket in the corner of the room. Please, throw all the waste in it. Put the banana leaves in the ……………………. 4. Indonesian workers are aware of safety. The safety procedure is socialized to all people in every office. Most of Safety Engineering graduates work as ………………………in industrial place. 5. We can wear an umbrella in the rain or when it is hot, but we can only wear the special coat which is called………………… 6. I bought a new helm last month. The best helm is SNI. Every rider uses ……………..for his/her safety. 7. Budi studies at Cambridge university and Adi, his brother, is also a student of RMIT. They are both clever …………………… 8. Farmers plant rice in the fields. They learn also the modern system of irrigation. Nowadays farmers water their ……….by using modern……………. 9. I want to watch television but I do not know what program is on now. Where can I read the…………..? 10.

Brian is a disable person. The company needs many worker

to work in its department The new company needs many ……………………….to do some computer design