Alcatel-lucent - Lte Overview 2r6u33

Long Term Evolution (LTE) Overview Introduction LTE (Long Term Evolution) is the preferred development path of GSM/W-CDMA/HSPA networks currently deployed, and an option for evolution of CDMA networks. This essential evolution will enable networks to offer the higher data throughput to mobile terminals needed in order to deliver new and advanced mobile broadband services. The primary objectives of this network evolution are to provide these services with a quality at least equivalent to what an end- can enjoy today using their fixed broadband access at home, and to reduce operational expenses by means of introducing flat IP architecture. This brochure presents the drivers for, and the main technical characteristics of, LTE. It explains Alcatel-Lucent’s LTE solution, and highlights our strong commitment to, and leadership in, LTE.

Why LTE ? Improved Quality of Experience & New Services Although 3G/3.5G technologies such as HSPA/EV-DO deliver significantly higher bit rates than 2G technologies, they do not fully satisfy the “wireless broadband” requirements of instant-on, always-on and multi-megabit throughput. With LTE delivering even higher peak throughput and much lower latency, mobile operators (either 3GPP or 3GPP2 based) have a unique opportunity to evolve their existing infrastructure to nextgeneration wireless networks. As depicted in Figure 1, these networks will deliver their subscriber’s Quality of Experience (QoE) expectations in of real-time services such as Voice Over IP, Multi- Gaming Over IP, High Definition Video On Demand and Live TV. This will also continue to improve the quality of delivery for all legacy applications (e-mail, internet browsing, MMS, etc.).

10 Mbps 1 Mbps MMS

File Transfer

100 kbps

SMS Voice

10 Kbps

Music Applications MBMS

2000

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Web/ Email

2004

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Mobile TV Video Streaming

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‘Peak rates are the maximum under a perfect RF condition. Actual rates may be much lower depending on RF conditions’

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HSPA

High Resolution Multi- Multimedia Interactive High Gaming Definition Collaborative Video Office

GSM GPRS EDGE UMTS

100 Mbps

LTE

Figure 1: Mobile Services and Throughput Trends

The improved speed and low latency provided by LTE will offer a much improved end- experience for all corporate services: •

For applications where data throughput is important - faster email and file s, enhanced VPN connection, high-speed internet, etc. and;

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For interactive applications where latency is crucial - IMS based VoIP, mail and file synchronization with an on-line server, peer-to-peer applications such as “NetMeeting”, SIP multimedia services including video and voice conference over IP, application sharing, etc.

In addition to typical corporate applications, we expect an increased interest from the vertical markets where information accuracy, reliability and immediacy are key: medical applications where latency and high resolution imaging are highly important; machine-to-machine communication where security and immediacy are crucial; live network based navigation; etc. The mass market will benefit from improvements delivered by LTE for all person-to-person and internet community applications: Push-to-See, improved quality for VoIP, photo and video ing / ing for personal blogs, online gaming, mobile social networks (such as YouTube, myspace), and “Second life” type applications etc. On top of those improvements, LTE will enable the introduction of new services, such as High Definition Video (or HD TV) and multi- interactive gaming: •

HD TV requires between 10 to 20 Mbits/s bandwidth (18 Mbits/s for example with Blue Ray standard), which is higher than current HSPA capabilities.

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Interactive multi- gaming is extremely sensitive to latency: the very low latency offered by LTE (less than 10ms versus 60ms with HSPA) is key for fighting games, car races, or any action games involving a large number of simultaneous s. In addition, the higher throughput offered will enable highresolution video games.

Lastly LTE will play a key role in the development of N-uple services at home (IP TV, Internet, telephone, mobile…services bundle). We are observing an increasing need for broadband access at home and the same will apply to mobile services for two main reasons. Firstly, as subscribers become used to higher speeds at home, they will require the same quality of service when they are mobile so as to benefit from a seamless experience. The second reason is the possibility of offering higher bandwidth in remote areas where ADSL throughput is no longer sufficient and fibre may not be economically viable compared with LTE. In those areas the same LTE infrastructure will deliver mobile services as well as broadband access at home, bringing economies of scale.

What Is LTE Technology?

Capacity Requirements With the recent introduction of HSDPA and EV-DO Rev A, we have observed a significant increase in mobile data traffic, with some operators quadrupling their Packet Switched traffic in one year. At this growth rate, and with the proliferation of new applications on the network, cells in hot spots will be quickly saturated and the network will require densification in these overloaded areas. This can be delivered by using a higher capacity solution such as LTE. To illustrate this mobile traffic growth, Figure 2 provides the yearly forecast for a typical Mobile Operator in a Western country of 60 million inhabitants. Figure 2: Mobile Data Traffic Growth

In order to prepare for wireless operator’s future needs and to ensure the competitiveness of their mobile systems over the next ten years, a progression of network architecture, as well as an evolution of the radio interface is required. This is being evaluated in the 3GPP System Architecture Evolution (SAE), Long Term Evolution (LTE) and HSPA Evolution (HSPA+) Study Items. From a network deployment perspective it is likely that HSPA enhancements will be introduced first followed by the progression to a radio interface (LTE). LTE will allow operators to achieve even greater peak throughputs in higher spectrum bandwidth, and to benefit from greater capacity at a reduced cost. Initial deployments are targeted for 2009. LTE characteristics include:

Mobile Data Traffic in Gigabits per year (Source : CSFB) Typical Operator in W-E country of 60 M population

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6 000 000

Peak LTE throughputs (high spectral efficiency) − DL: 100 Mb/s SISO (Single Input Single Output); − 173 Mb/s 2x2 MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output); − 326 Mb/s 4x4 MIMO; for 20 MHz − UL: 58 Mb/s 16 QAM − 86 Mb/s 64 QAM (based on 1 Tx UE)

5 000 000 4 000 000 3 000 000 2 000 000 1 000 000 0 2006

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− DL: 3-4 times HSDPA for MIMO (2,2) − UL: 2-3 times E-DCH for MIMO(1,2)

LTE and Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service The Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service (MBMS) enables multiple s to receive data over the same radio resource. This creates a more efficient approach for delivering content, such as video programming, to which multiple s have subscriptions. However, with HSPA, MBMS does not match the capabilities of broadcasting and/or broadband wireless technologies (such as DVB-H or WiMAX). With an OFDM/SC-FDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex /Single-Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access) system, LTE provides the possibility of operating MBMS in a single frequency network mode where significant performance gains (up to five times existing capacity) can be achieved without additional receiver complexity. LTE will consequently dramatically enhance MBMS, and match DVB-H and WiMAX, capabilities.

Reducing the Total Cost of Ownership Another key driver behind LTE is the reduction of the cost per byte, which is expected to decrease by a factor of six compared with HSPA today (see Figure 3). This cost reduction is derived from network simplification, with flat IP architecture and the enhanced capacity delivered by the new radio technologies implemented by LTE. Figure 3: Reduced TCO with LTE Cost per bit Evolution (*)

*Source: Analysis Research, 2006

UMTS HSPA

Increased Spectrum efficiency over Release 6 HSPA

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Ultra low Latency − less than 10 msec for round-trip delay (RTD) from UE to server − Reduced call setup times (50-100ms) − =>wired experience

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Capacity per cell − 200 s for 5 MHz, 400 s in larger spectrum allocations

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Flexible spectrum use maximizes flexibility − 1.4, 3/3.2, 5, 10, 15, 20 MHz − All frequencies of IMT-2000: 450 MHz to 2.6 GHz

LTE is being developed by the 3GPP (3rd generation Partnership Project) standards body that is also responsible for GSM and WCDMA. LTE standards are currently being developed and are expected to be finalized in early 2008. In order to reach this performance, LTE will make the best use of the latest technologies on the market. For radio, a new modulation scheme is being used based on OFDM, and the latest antenna technologies, such as MIMO will be deployed. For the core network, an IP based network topology will also be introduced to considerably reduce network complexity. LTE uses Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) on the downlink, which is better suited than W-CDMA for achieving high peak data rates in high spectrum bandwidth. On the uplink LTE uses SC-FDMA (Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access), a technology that provides advantages in power efficiency and resulting terminal battery life versus a pure OFDM approach.

LTE

About Alcatel-Lucent Alcatel-Lucent (Euronext Paris and NYSE: ALU) provides solutions that enable service providers, enterprises and governments worldwide, to deliver voice, data and video communication services to end-s. As a leader in fixed, mobile and converged broadband networking, IP technologies, applications, and services, Alcatel-Lucent offers the end-to-end solutions that enable compelling communications services for people at home, at work and on the move. For more information, visit Alcatel-Lucent on the Internet: http://www.alcatel-lucent.com. Copyright © 2008 by Alcatel-Lucent. All Rights Reserved. October, 2008

MIMO refers to a technique that employs multiple transmit and receive antennas, often in combination with multiple radios and parallel data streams. This results in numerous data paths effectively operating in parallel and, through appropriate decoding, a multiplicative gain in throughput. For example, with a 2X2 MIMO system, a gain of a factor of 2 is expected on the peak throughput. LTE also requires new network architecture, with the main functional entities being: the e-node B on the access side, and the Serving (S) and Packet Data Network (PDN) gateways and the Mobile Management Entity (MME) in the core network, as depicted in Figure 4.

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Alcatel-Lucent is committed to LTE with early involvement in 3GPP / LTE specifications, leadership in the LTE/SAE Trial Initiative and has LTE trials planned as early as Q4 2007 (Lab), Field trials in 2008 and Commercial trials in 2009

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Alcatel-Lucent’s technological leadership in LTE is based on our OFDM know-how with WiMAX, MIMO expertise, and leadership in the flat IP architecture with Base Station Router concept.

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Alcatel-Lucent’s smooth LTE evolution from today’s WCDMA/HSPA networks is based upon our UTRAN equipment ready to evolve to LTE and on our strong relationships with chipset and terminals suppliers.

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Alcatel-Lucent is strongly committed to CDMA operators willing to implement LTE, by providing a smooth evolution of their networks to LTE, and by delivering LTE / EV-DO roaming/interworking from day one.

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The smooth evolution from both CDMA and UMTS is enabled by a focus on:

Figure 4: LTE Architecture Call Server

MME

eNode B X2

Application servers

Service IP backbone

IP transport backbone eNode B

MD S Multi-standard Database

− Integrated OAM solutions − Inter-technology roaming leadership − Reuse of existing investments i.e. BTS assets − Multi-standard Base stations − Integrated transport capabilities − And more

S1

3GLTE

S/P GW

LTE is a pure packet system, with no for legacy circuitswitched voice/data. This shift allows a significant simplification of the network, reducing the number of nodes and improving operational efficiencies. This network simplification also removes any bottlenecks from the system, ensuring the network permanently runs at peak efficiency.

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Alcatel-Lucent and LGE have engaged a strategic cooperation on LTE, focused on ensuring networks, devices, and associated services are in lock-step and up-to-speed for commercial operation with quality of performance and experience assured. Alcatel-Lucent understands a strong ecosystem is critical to secure & accelerate the launch of LTE. tly with device manufacturers such as LGE, AlcatelLucent has developed ecosystem workgroups and participates in various multimedia forums to identify the best-in-class applications aimed at ing the successful launch of LTE

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Alcatel-Lucent’s end to end solution for LTE includes, but is not limited to:

Figure 5 shows the impacts of this simplification comparing traditional UMTS elements and LTE nodes, and provides a macroscopic mapping of Plane and Control Plane between nodes. Figure 5: UMTS-LTE Node Mapping EPC - Network Simplification C-plane U-plane

C-plane U-plane S-GW

GGSN

SGSN

P-GW

− Access Gateways − Next Generation Core solutions (IMS) − Market leading network services − Application and subscriber data solutions − IP transport solutions

MME

RNC

NodeB

eNode B

In contrast to UMTS architecture, no Radio Network Controller (RNC) is required: the RNC’s functions are collapsed into the eNodeB. On the Core network side, the Mobility Management Entity (MME) assumes the role of the SGSN for the control plane, and the serving and PDN gateways ensure the role of plane, routing data traffic to the network edge, replacing the GGSN.

Conclusion

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Alcatel-Lucent’s value proposition for LTE is comprised of 5 key components as shown in Figure 6 below.

Figure 6: Alcatel-Lucent LTE Value Proposition 4G Leadership (LTE, Wi MAX) ƒCommon technology ƒCommon R&D ƒCommon platforms

Ca ll Se rv e rs

e No de B

Hig h a va ila b ility IP B a c kb o n e A GW

Involved in the early stages of defining 3GPP/LTE specifications, and benefiting from a broad experience acquired over many years on wireless and mobile broadband system deployments in similar technologies, Alcatel-Lucent is in a unique position to propose an efficient and easy-to-deploy LTE solution from day one:

Technical leadership ƒOFDM know-how with WiMAX ƒMIMO (We invented it! Fir st proposal 2000 ) ƒF lat IP archit ecture with BSR + # 1 i n IP access ƒLeader in wireless transmission

Me dia Ga te w ay s

Strong Ecosystem ƒStrategic partnership with Appli & Termina l players to secure LTE Ecosystem (e.g. LGE) ƒEcosystem growing beyond traditional devices ƒEnhanced broadcast solution (#1 in IP TV)

Smart Evolution ƒ Evolution path from 3GGP/3GPP2 to LTE Multiple frequency band availability ƒ SDR t echnology ƒ Seamless H/O wit h CDMA and Multiple RAT

Commitment to LTE ƒTria ls planned as soon as Q4 2007 ƒLeading LTE/ SAE TI for early validation ƒCollaborating with N GMN since 2005 ƒMany approved items in 3GPP

About Alcatel-Lucent Alcatel-Lucent (Euronext Paris and NYSE: ALU) provides solutions that enable service providers, enterprises and governments worldwide, to deliver voice, data and video communication services to end-s. As a leader in fixed, mobile and converged broadband networking, IP technologies, applications, and services, Alcatel-Lucent offers the end-to-end solutions that enable compelling communications services for people at home, at work and on the move. For more information, visit Alcatel-Lucent on the Internet: http://www.alcatel-lucent.com. Copyright © 2008 by Alcatel-Lucent. All Rights Reserved. October, 2008