SYSTEMATIC ORGANIC ANALYSIS
(MICRO SCALE)
( Sl no
EXPERIMENT PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS Colour and appearance of the substance are noted.
OBSERVATION
INFERENCE
a)Colourless solid. b) a liquid
Smell of the substance noted.
a)Phenolic smell. b) Fishy smell. c) Smell of bitter almond
a)May be a ketone or carboxylic acid b) May be aniline or phenol or aldehyde. a) May be phenol b)May be aniline c) May be aldehyde
IDENTIFICATION
OF FUNCTIONAL
GROUP
1
To a little of the substance sodium bicarbonate solution is added
a)Brisk effervescence are formed. b) No Brisk effervescence are formed
a)Presence of carboxylic acid. b)Absence of carboxylic acid.
2
To a little of the substance in test tube, Dil HCl is added
a)Substance got dissolved . B) No characteristic observation.
a)Presence of aniline b)Absence of aniline.
3
To a little of the substance neutral ferric chloride solution is is added .
a) A violet colouration . B) No characteristic observation
A)Presence of phenol. b) Absence of phenol.
4
A little of the subsatnce treated with Borsches reagent. CONFIRMATORY TESTS
a)Yellowish orange precipitate is obtained.
A)Presence of Aldehyde or Ketone
1
CARBOXYLIC ACID Ester Formation: A little of the acid mixed with ethanol and few drops of conc sulphuric acid in a (micro)test tube. It is gently heated and poured into diluted sodiumcarbonate solution.
Pleasant fruity smell observed.
Presence of carboxylic acid confirmed.
A brilliant red dye is formed.
Presence of aniline confirmed.
A deep red solution is obtained which turned green or blue with excess alkali.
Presence of phenol confirmed.
1
2
2
3
4
ANILINE Diazotisation: A few drops of aniline treated withDi HCl and sodium nitrite solution. To this alkaline beta naphthol solution added. PHENOL Liebermann’s Reaction: A little of melted phenol treated with a little sodium nitrite and Sulphuric acid . ALDEHYDE/ KETONE: To a drop of aldehyde/KETONE, Schiff’s reagent is added.
A) A pink colour observed. B) No pink colour observed.
A)Presence of Aldehyde confirmed. B)Presence of Ketone.confirmed