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Background Information Understanding the world of the 1930s
Harper Lee (FULL NAME: Nelle Harper Lee) was born on April 28 1926 and is an American author. Lee only published two novels: one of which was the widely successful and critically acclaimed To Kill a Mockingbird (the other being Go Set a Watchman, which was published over 50 years later). Lee’s personal life clearly informed her novel: she was born and raised in Alabama; her father (known as ‘Finch’) was a lawyer who once defended two black men who were convicted of murdering a storeowner. Lee studied law at the University of Alabama, but dropped out in order to focus on her writing. In 1960 the novel To Kill a Mockingbird was published and has sold over 30 million copies. Lee never married; she died in 2016, in Alabama.
RACISM in the 1930s
The Author
To Kill a Mockingbird is set in the 1930s in a small southern town in America. The 1930s were a time of the Great Depression when people were struggling to make ends meet and life was particularly difficult in rural towns. In 1929 the economic prosperity of the ‘20s was halted by the stock-market crash known as the Wall Street Crash, which resulted in the Great Depression. This was a dark and depressing time in American history as many people lost their jobs, banks failed, people became homeless and many went hungry. It lasted for about ten years. And this is the time in which Lee chose to set her novel. It informs the situation of the poor farmers in To Kill a Mockingbird who have no money to pay a lawyer but pay instead with produce like hickory nuts and turnip greens.
Although slavery was officially abolished in the late 1800s, in the 1930s racial discrimination was still very much alive. The Jim Crow Laws meant that black and white people were officially segregated (not allowed to sit in the same areas of restaurants, not allowed on the same buses, not allowed to marry etc.) Moreover, black citizens were treated as second-class citizens: they were not paid the same wages as their white colleagues, they were often required to do ‘dirty jobs’, and lived on the outskirts of society. Not only were they officially discriminated against, but black people also had to contend with the many prejudices and stereotypes within society: lynch mobs often attacked African Americans and the Ku Klux Klan was still active.
The Scottsboro Boys In 1931, when Lee was five years old, nine young black men were accused of raping two white women in Scottsboro, Alabama. The trials went on for years with many appeals, convictions, reconvictions and eventual pardons. Many prominent lawyers and other American citizens saw the sentences as false and motivated only by racial prejudice (they were convicted by an all-white jury). It was also widely believed that the women who had accused the men were lying, and in appeal after appeal, their claims became more and more doubtful. There can be little doubt that the Scottsboro Case (as the trials of the nine men came to be called) served as a seed for the trial that stands at the heart of To Kill a Mockingbird.
1
ADVICE FROM LEE “As you grow up, always tell the truth, do no harm to others, and don't think you are the most important being on earth. Rich or poor, you then can look anyone in the eye and say, “I'm probably no better than you, but I'm certainly your equal.”
Context
COMPREHENSION QUESTIONS
- Harper Lee, in a letter to a fan.
1. Summarize the social context of the time during which the novel is set. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. Refer to Lee’s advice to a fan above. How might this advice relate to the time and context into which Lee was writing? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3. When and where was Lee born? How might this have influenced her writing? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
4. In one of the extracts it says that black people were often forced to do ‘dirty jobs’; what does this mean and why were they the ones forced to do such jobs? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
5. One of the most prominent themes of To Kill a Mockingbird is prejudice and discrimination. Does that mean that it will be all about race? Explain why or why not. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2
WHAT IS Prejudice?
Read each of the statements below, and then discuss them with a partner. Do you agree or disagree? You must give an explanation of your opinion.
STATEMENT Prejudice is something of the past; society has learned from history and we no longer experience prejudice or discrimination. Stereotypes are a natural part of being human; we all make snap-judgments based on a person’s gender, age, appearance etc. We have come a long way when it comes to gender discrimination; women are now seen as completely equal to men. One is not born with prejudice; it is something which one learns from one’s parents, family and society at large.
Prejudice only relates to racism.
It is wrong to hate anyone; every single person has both good and bad characteristics.
Prejudice always stems from ignorance.
3
AGREE OR DISAGREE?
EXPLAIN / GIVE AN EXAMPLE.
Why is prejudice
The dictionary definition of prejudice:
wrong?
_______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________
for
PREJUDICE
_____________________________ _____________________________ _____________________________
q q q q q q
Understandable in some circumstances Never acceptable Is a normal human characteristic Something we learn as we get older Something we are born with Is always harmful
How should one
respond to prejudice when one witnesses it?
List situations in which people still experience prejudice and discrimination in our world today.
In your opinion, Prejudice is...
_
3
SYNONYMS
_________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
An Antonym for PREJUDICE
A situation in which you prejudged someone and ended up being totally wrong:
_______________________________________________________________
4
Character Profile: SCOUT Character:
AGE:!
Scout Gender:!
Full Name: Type of character:!
Physical Description:!
e? Who is sh
Personality: Important Events in her life:!
How does she view the world?!
To Jem:
How she relates to other characters: To Aunt Alexandra:
To Atticus: To Walter Cunningham: To Calpurnia:! To Dill:!
!
Important quotation:!
! Important quotation:
How she changes throughout the novel:!
ANY OTHER NOTES:!
5
Important quotation:
!
Character Profile: ATTICUS Type of character:!
Gender:!
Full Name:
? Who is he
Occupation:! Physical Description:!
Personality: Important Events in the novel:!
What he tries to te ach
his children:!
Description of his parenting style: ! How Scout views him:!
Important quotation:!
!
Important quotation:
Important quotation:
!
How he relates to the main themes of the novel:
Justice:
ANY OTHER NOTES:!
Courage:
Prejudice:
6
Character Profile: JEM Character:
AGE:!
Jem Gender:!
Full Name: Type of character:!
Physical Description:!
? Who is he
Personality: Important Events in his life:!
What Jem learns:!
How he relates to other characters: To Scout: How Scout views him:!
To Atticus: To Mrs Dubose: Important quotation:!
To Dill:! !
! Important quotation:
How he changes throughout the novel:!
ANY OTHER NOTES:!
7
Important quotation:
!
Character Profiles: CAL & DILL Cal
Character:
Full Name:
Type of character:!
Gender:!
Who is she?
Occupation:! Physical Description:!
Personality:
Important quotation:!
What Scout learns from
her:!
Important quotation:!
Dill
Character:
AGE:!
Gender:!
Physical Description:!
Full Name: Type of character:!
? Who is he
Personality: Important Events in his life:!
How Scout relates to
him:!
Important quotation:!
Important quotation:!
Stacey Lloyd 2015
8
Character Profiles: TOM & BOO Character:
Tom
Full Name:
Type of character:!
Gender:!
Who is he?
Occupation:! Physical Description:!
Personality:
Important quotation:!
Why he’s importan t
to the novel:!
Important quotation:!
Boo
Character:
AGE:!
Gender:!
Physical Description:!
Full Name: Type of character:!
? Who is he
Personality: Important Events in his life:!
How Scout relates to Important quotation:!
Important quotation:!
9
him:!
!
Character Profiles: BOB & MAYELLA Bob
Character:
Full Name:
Type of character:!
Gender:!
Who is he?
Occupation:! Physical Description:!
Personality:
Important quotation:!
Why he’s importan t
to the novel:!
Important quotation:!
Character:
AGE:!
Mayella Gender:!
Physical Description:!
Full Name: Type of character:!
Who is she?
Personality: Describe her life situation:!
Why she’s importan
t to the novel:!
Important quotation:!
Important quotation:!
10
Let’s pause to talk about
THEMES
Take a moment to discuss the following themes, and then make notes about how these themes have been portrayed in the first five chapters in the novel.
17
Chapters
FIFTEEN - SIXTEEN
Jot down the main events of
these two chapters:
Describe the events of these chapters in ONE WORD
3
words
which describe
ATTICUS
_____________________________ _____________________________ _____________________________
Do you think that Atticus will win the trial? Why or why not? ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________
v
____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________
Questions you have about the characters or plot at this stage 1.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
represents these chapters
Draw a symbol which
Favorite line in these chapters:
GLOSSARY privy (n.): ___________________________________________________ acquiescence (n.): ___________________________________________________ aggregation (n.): ___________________________________________________ elucidate (v.): ___________________________________________________ fey (adj.): ___________________________________________________ champertous (adj.): __________________________________________________ sundry (adj.): ___________________________________________________ venerable (adj.): ___________________________________________________
25
To Kill A Mockingbird
REVIEW QUESTIONS
ga atchin is w , id orb rh “'t's m il on trial fo lks, v fo e poor d at all those al ... ok niv life. Lo Roman car lic, I a b u e it's lik cause it's p o I?” e Just b ave to go, d don't h
Who says this?
15 -16
What does it illustrate about his/her character?
1. What is the ‘nightmare’ that has descended upon the children? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. Why does the mob turn up at the jail? What is their intention? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3. How does Scout defuse the situation outside the jail without realizing it? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
4. Why do you think that so many people want to attend the trial? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
5. We see that the jury is made up of farmers – is this significant? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
6. Does Judge Taylor take his job seriously? Explain your answer fully. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
the incident outside the jail, from the riting Rewrite WPROMPT perspective of one of the other characters (Atticus, Mr. Cunningham, Jem or Dill).
26
Exploring THE TRIAL Imagine you’re a court reporter. Fill in these pages, documenting your notes & opinions on the trial.
Defendant: Defendant’s council: Plaintiff: Prosecutor: Judge:
PLAINTIFF’S Summary:
DISCREPANCIES
27
17-19
To Kill A Mockingbird
Personal Notes: Thoughts on Mayella’s testimony:
Tom Robinson’s testimony:
Thoughts on Atticus’s defense -
Description of Bob:
Other notes: Notes on Jury reaction:
28
Analyzing !ATTICUS’S CLOSING ARGUMENTS
In Atticus’s closing speech of the trial, he employs rhetorical language and persuasive techniques in an attempt to convince the jury of Tom’s innocence. Closely analyze his words, and then fill in the following table.
QUOTE
TECHNIQUE
EFFECT
“...evidence you have heard...” / “We know all men...” “She was white, and she tempted a Negro. She did something that in our society is unspeakable: she kissed a black man.”
Repetition Simile (use of figurative language) Atticus uses questions here; this is persuasive as they are the questions the jury may have, and so by answering them, he is drawing the jury to his conclusion – that Tom is innocent.
“The state has not produced one iota of medical evidence...”
Logos (appeal to reason) Anaphora (use of figurative language)
“equal” / “honorable” /“duty”
“Thomas Jefferson once said...”
Rule of three (adjectives) 31
ING
EAD R T POS
Themes
Key characters related to this theme:
!
Themes
!
Themes
!
!
THEME:
COURAGE & BRAVERY
!
How can we apply this to our own lives? What can we learn?
Explain/describe/mind map this theme:
Draw this theme (be creative!):
If this theme were a color, it would be:
What comment is Lee making about society?
Key Quotations:
Key characters:
THEME:
EDUCATION & LEARNING!
Key Quotations:
41
If this theme were a color, it would be:
What greater comment is Lee making about the education system?
How can we apply this to our own lives? What can we learn?
Explain/describe/discuss/mind map this theme:
Draw this theme (be creative!):
Themes
!
Themes
!
Themes
!
!
POST -REA
DING
Explain/describe/discuss/mind map this theme:
Key Quotations:
THEME:
INNOCENCE & GROWING UP!
THEME:
!!!
Draw this theme (be creative!):
If this theme were a color, it would be:
Key characters:
& FEMALE IDENTITY!
Explain/describe/discuss/mind map this theme:
Draw this theme (be creative!):
How can we apply this to our own lives? What can we learn?
What comment is being made about childhood and parenting?
If this theme were a color, it would be:
WOMANHOOD
``"
How can we apply this to our own lives? What can we learn?
Key characters:
Key Quotations:
What comment is Lee making about society and female identity?
42
ING
EAD R T POS
Themes
THEME:
JUSTICE &
!
Themes
If this theme were a color, it would be:
!
Themes
Key characters:
SOCIAL CLASS! Explain/describe/discuss/mind map this theme:
Draw this theme (be creative!):
How can we apply this to our own lives? What can we learn?
!
Key Quotations:
What comment is Lee making about the legal system and society?
Draw this theme (be creative!):
PREJUDICE! If this theme were a color, it would be:
Key characters:
Key Quotations:
43
Explain/describe/discuss/mind map this theme:
What comment is Lee making about human dignity and society?
How can we apply this to our own lives? What can we learn?
THEME:
!
!
___________________________________________________________________________________" "
"
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________"
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________"
Opening Events: _______________________________________________________________________________
"
Resolution
DING ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________"
"
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________"
"
How is the protagonist changed? ______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________"
"
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________"
"
Ending: ____________________________________________________________________________________________________"
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________"
"
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________"
"
How is the conflict resolved?"___________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________" "
"
______________________________________________"
!
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________"
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________"
Characters introduced: _____________________________________________________________________"
Narrative Perspective: ______________________________________________________________________
Setting: _____________________________________________________________________________________________"
"
" "
_______________________________________________________________________________"
"
______________________________________________________________________________"
"
_____________________________________________________________________________"
"
______________________________________________"
"
________________________________________________"
"
_________________________________________________"
"
__________________________________________________"
"
____________________________________________________"
"
_____________________________________________________"
"
______________________________________________________"
"
________________________________________________________"
"
_____________________________________________________________"
____________________________________________________________________________"
"
""""""""""""___________________________________________________________________"
""____________________________________________________________"
""""""""_______________________________________________________"
Greatest point of tension/action: _________________________________________________"
Climax
"
___________________________________________________________________"
"
___________________________________________________________________"
"
___________________________________________________________________"
"
on i t c A g Fallin
Exposition
_______________________________________________________________"
"
___________________________________________________________________"
"
_______________________________________________________________________"
R i s
"
in g A
Elements of suspense:"____________________________________________
"
"
________________________________________________________________________________________" "
"
Protagonist’s Conflict:"_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________" "
"
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________"
"
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________"
"
ct i o n
Main Events of Falling Action: ____________________""
THE PLOT STRUCTURE !
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________"
"
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________"
"
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________"
"
Main Events of Rising Action: __________________________________________________________________"
Let’s pause to think about POST -REA
44
ING
EAD R T POS
Let’s pause to think about
THE NARRATIVE PERSPECTIVE !
!
whose perspective is the From " story told?"
Three words which characterize the narrator:"
The Tense of the Narration:" Describe the narrator (in as much detail as possible):"
(Tick one)"
Should the reader trust the narrator? Why or why not?"
The narrative perspective is:" q First-person " q Second-person " q Third-person limited " q Third-person objective" q Third-person omniscient"
How is this shown through the language?"
What role does the narrator play in the development of the plot?"
Is the narrator a ‘likeable’ character? Why or why not?"
What role does the narrator play in the characterization of one or more of the characters?"
Describe the TONE of the narration:"
Why this choice of narrative perspective? How is it effective?"
A quotation from the text which clearly displays the narrative perspective/character of the narrator:"
45
POST -REA
Let’s pause to think about
DING
LITERARY ELEMENTS LITERARY ELEMENTS
Title: ___________________________________________________ ! Author: ________________________________________________
!
Time (historical): ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
!
Location (geographical): __________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Setting Location (specifically):
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Weather: _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Sensory experiences: _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Mood created by setting: ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Protagonist: _________________________________________________________ Antagonist: ________________________________________________________ Other main characters: ________________________________________________________________________________________________
Characters
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Narrative Perspective: __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Conflict
Internal conflict faced by protagonist: ______________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
External conflict faced by protagonist: ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Result of the conflict: ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Exposition: ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Rising Action: ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Plot
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Climax: ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Falling Action: ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Resolution: ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Theme
Main Theme: ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ How is this theme conveyed? _____________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Any motifs/symbols: _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
46
© Stacey Lloyd 2014
Harper Lee (FULL NAME: Nelle Harper Lee) was born on April 28 1926 and is an American author. Lee only published two novels: one of which was the widely successful and critically acclaimed To Kill a Mockingbird (the other being Go Set a Watchman, which was published over 50 years later). Lee’s personal life clearly informed her novel: she was born and raised in Alabama; her father (known as ‘Finch’) was a lawyer who once defended two black men who were convicted of murdering a storeowner. Lee studied law at the University of Alabama, but dropped out in order to focus on her writing. In 1960 the novel To Kill a Mockingbird was published and has sold over 30 million copies. Lee never married; she died in 2016, in Alabama.
RACISM in the 1930s
The Author
To Kill a Mockingbird is set in the 1930s in a small southern town in America. The 1930s were a time of the Great Depression when people were struggling to make ends meet and life was particularly difficult in rural towns. In 1929 the economic prosperity of the ‘20s was halted by the stock-market crash known as the Wall Street Crash, which resulted in the Great Depression. This was a dark and depressing time in American history as many people lost their jobs, banks failed, people became homeless and many went hungry. It lasted for about ten years. And this is the time in which Lee chose to set her novel. It informs the situation of the poor farmers in To Kill a Mockingbird who have no money to pay a lawyer but pay instead with produce like hickory nuts and turnip greens.
Although slavery was officially abolished in the late 1800s, in the 1930s racial discrimination was still very much alive. The Jim Crow Laws meant that black and white people were officially segregated (not allowed to sit in the same areas of restaurants, not allowed on the same buses, not allowed to marry etc.) Moreover, black citizens were treated as second-class citizens: they were not paid the same wages as their white colleagues, they were often required to do ‘dirty jobs’, and lived on the outskirts of society. Not only were they officially discriminated against, but black people also had to contend with the many prejudices and stereotypes within society: lynch mobs often attacked African Americans and the Ku Klux Klan was still active.
The Scottsboro Boys In 1931, when Lee was five years old, nine young black men were accused of raping two white women in Scottsboro, Alabama. The trials went on for years with many appeals, convictions, reconvictions and eventual pardons. Many prominent lawyers and other American citizens saw the sentences as false and motivated only by racial prejudice (they were convicted by an all-white jury). It was also widely believed that the women who had accused the men were lying, and in appeal after appeal, their claims became more and more doubtful. There can be little doubt that the Scottsboro Case (as the trials of the nine men came to be called) served as a seed for the trial that stands at the heart of To Kill a Mockingbird.
1
ADVICE FROM LEE “As you grow up, always tell the truth, do no harm to others, and don't think you are the most important being on earth. Rich or poor, you then can look anyone in the eye and say, “I'm probably no better than you, but I'm certainly your equal.”
Context
COMPREHENSION QUESTIONS
- Harper Lee, in a letter to a fan.
1. Summarize the social context of the time during which the novel is set. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. Refer to Lee’s advice to a fan above. How might this advice relate to the time and context into which Lee was writing? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3. When and where was Lee born? How might this have influenced her writing? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
4. In one of the extracts it says that black people were often forced to do ‘dirty jobs’; what does this mean and why were they the ones forced to do such jobs? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
5. One of the most prominent themes of To Kill a Mockingbird is prejudice and discrimination. Does that mean that it will be all about race? Explain why or why not. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2
WHAT IS Prejudice?
Read each of the statements below, and then discuss them with a partner. Do you agree or disagree? You must give an explanation of your opinion.
STATEMENT Prejudice is something of the past; society has learned from history and we no longer experience prejudice or discrimination. Stereotypes are a natural part of being human; we all make snap-judgments based on a person’s gender, age, appearance etc. We have come a long way when it comes to gender discrimination; women are now seen as completely equal to men. One is not born with prejudice; it is something which one learns from one’s parents, family and society at large.
Prejudice only relates to racism.
It is wrong to hate anyone; every single person has both good and bad characteristics.
Prejudice always stems from ignorance.
3
AGREE OR DISAGREE?
EXPLAIN / GIVE AN EXAMPLE.
Why is prejudice
The dictionary definition of prejudice:
wrong?
_______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________
for
PREJUDICE
_____________________________ _____________________________ _____________________________
q q q q q q
Understandable in some circumstances Never acceptable Is a normal human characteristic Something we learn as we get older Something we are born with Is always harmful
How should one
respond to prejudice when one witnesses it?
List situations in which people still experience prejudice and discrimination in our world today.
In your opinion, Prejudice is...
_
3
SYNONYMS
_________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
An Antonym for PREJUDICE
A situation in which you prejudged someone and ended up being totally wrong:
_______________________________________________________________
4
Character Profile: SCOUT Character:
AGE:!
Scout Gender:!
Full Name: Type of character:!
Physical Description:!
e? Who is sh
Personality: Important Events in her life:!
How does she view the world?!
To Jem:
How she relates to other characters: To Aunt Alexandra:
To Atticus: To Walter Cunningham: To Calpurnia:! To Dill:!
!
Important quotation:!
! Important quotation:
How she changes throughout the novel:!
ANY OTHER NOTES:!
5
Important quotation:
!
Character Profile: ATTICUS Type of character:!
Gender:!
Full Name:
? Who is he
Occupation:! Physical Description:!
Personality: Important Events in the novel:!
What he tries to te ach
his children:!
Description of his parenting style: ! How Scout views him:!
Important quotation:!
!
Important quotation:
Important quotation:
!
How he relates to the main themes of the novel:
Justice:
ANY OTHER NOTES:!
Courage:
Prejudice:
6
Character Profile: JEM Character:
AGE:!
Jem Gender:!
Full Name: Type of character:!
Physical Description:!
? Who is he
Personality: Important Events in his life:!
What Jem learns:!
How he relates to other characters: To Scout: How Scout views him:!
To Atticus: To Mrs Dubose: Important quotation:!
To Dill:! !
! Important quotation:
How he changes throughout the novel:!
ANY OTHER NOTES:!
7
Important quotation:
!
Character Profiles: CAL & DILL Cal
Character:
Full Name:
Type of character:!
Gender:!
Who is she?
Occupation:! Physical Description:!
Personality:
Important quotation:!
What Scout learns from
her:!
Important quotation:!
Dill
Character:
AGE:!
Gender:!
Physical Description:!
Full Name: Type of character:!
? Who is he
Personality: Important Events in his life:!
How Scout relates to
him:!
Important quotation:!
Important quotation:!
Stacey Lloyd 2015
8
Character Profiles: TOM & BOO Character:
Tom
Full Name:
Type of character:!
Gender:!
Who is he?
Occupation:! Physical Description:!
Personality:
Important quotation:!
Why he’s importan t
to the novel:!
Important quotation:!
Boo
Character:
AGE:!
Gender:!
Physical Description:!
Full Name: Type of character:!
? Who is he
Personality: Important Events in his life:!
How Scout relates to Important quotation:!
Important quotation:!
9
him:!
!
Character Profiles: BOB & MAYELLA Bob
Character:
Full Name:
Type of character:!
Gender:!
Who is he?
Occupation:! Physical Description:!
Personality:
Important quotation:!
Why he’s importan t
to the novel:!
Important quotation:!
Character:
AGE:!
Mayella Gender:!
Physical Description:!
Full Name: Type of character:!
Who is she?
Personality: Describe her life situation:!
Why she’s importan
t to the novel:!
Important quotation:!
Important quotation:!
10
Let’s pause to talk about
THEMES
Take a moment to discuss the following themes, and then make notes about how these themes have been portrayed in the first five chapters in the novel.
17
Chapters
FIFTEEN - SIXTEEN
Jot down the main events of
these two chapters:
Describe the events of these chapters in ONE WORD
3
words
which describe
ATTICUS
_____________________________ _____________________________ _____________________________
Do you think that Atticus will win the trial? Why or why not? ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________
v
____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________
Questions you have about the characters or plot at this stage 1.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
represents these chapters
Draw a symbol which
Favorite line in these chapters:
GLOSSARY privy (n.): ___________________________________________________ acquiescence (n.): ___________________________________________________ aggregation (n.): ___________________________________________________ elucidate (v.): ___________________________________________________ fey (adj.): ___________________________________________________ champertous (adj.): __________________________________________________ sundry (adj.): ___________________________________________________ venerable (adj.): ___________________________________________________
25
To Kill A Mockingbird
REVIEW QUESTIONS
ga atchin is w , id orb rh “'t's m il on trial fo lks, v fo e poor d at all those al ... ok niv life. Lo Roman car lic, I a b u e it's lik cause it's p o I?” e Just b ave to go, d don't h
Who says this?
15 -16
What does it illustrate about his/her character?
1. What is the ‘nightmare’ that has descended upon the children? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. Why does the mob turn up at the jail? What is their intention? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3. How does Scout defuse the situation outside the jail without realizing it? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
4. Why do you think that so many people want to attend the trial? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
5. We see that the jury is made up of farmers – is this significant? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
6. Does Judge Taylor take his job seriously? Explain your answer fully. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
the incident outside the jail, from the riting Rewrite WPROMPT perspective of one of the other characters (Atticus, Mr. Cunningham, Jem or Dill).
26
Exploring THE TRIAL Imagine you’re a court reporter. Fill in these pages, documenting your notes & opinions on the trial.
Defendant: Defendant’s council: Plaintiff: Prosecutor: Judge:
PLAINTIFF’S Summary:
DISCREPANCIES
27
17-19
To Kill A Mockingbird
Personal Notes: Thoughts on Mayella’s testimony:
Tom Robinson’s testimony:
Thoughts on Atticus’s defense -
Description of Bob:
Other notes: Notes on Jury reaction:
28
Analyzing !ATTICUS’S CLOSING ARGUMENTS
In Atticus’s closing speech of the trial, he employs rhetorical language and persuasive techniques in an attempt to convince the jury of Tom’s innocence. Closely analyze his words, and then fill in the following table.
QUOTE
TECHNIQUE
EFFECT
“...evidence you have heard...” / “We know all men...” “She was white, and she tempted a Negro. She did something that in our society is unspeakable: she kissed a black man.”
Repetition Simile (use of figurative language) Atticus uses questions here; this is persuasive as they are the questions the jury may have, and so by answering them, he is drawing the jury to his conclusion – that Tom is innocent.
“The state has not produced one iota of medical evidence...”
Logos (appeal to reason) Anaphora (use of figurative language)
“equal” / “honorable” /“duty”
“Thomas Jefferson once said...”
Rule of three (adjectives) 31
ING
EAD R T POS
Themes
Key characters related to this theme:
!
Themes
!
Themes
!
!
THEME:
COURAGE & BRAVERY
!
How can we apply this to our own lives? What can we learn?
Explain/describe/mind map this theme:
Draw this theme (be creative!):
If this theme were a color, it would be:
What comment is Lee making about society?
Key Quotations:
Key characters:
THEME:
EDUCATION & LEARNING!
Key Quotations:
41
If this theme were a color, it would be:
What greater comment is Lee making about the education system?
How can we apply this to our own lives? What can we learn?
Explain/describe/discuss/mind map this theme:
Draw this theme (be creative!):
Themes
!
Themes
!
Themes
!
!
POST -REA
DING
Explain/describe/discuss/mind map this theme:
Key Quotations:
THEME:
INNOCENCE & GROWING UP!
THEME:
!!!
Draw this theme (be creative!):
If this theme were a color, it would be:
Key characters:
& FEMALE IDENTITY!
Explain/describe/discuss/mind map this theme:
Draw this theme (be creative!):
How can we apply this to our own lives? What can we learn?
What comment is being made about childhood and parenting?
If this theme were a color, it would be:
WOMANHOOD
``"
How can we apply this to our own lives? What can we learn?
Key characters:
Key Quotations:
What comment is Lee making about society and female identity?
42
ING
EAD R T POS
Themes
THEME:
JUSTICE &
!
Themes
If this theme were a color, it would be:
!
Themes
Key characters:
SOCIAL CLASS! Explain/describe/discuss/mind map this theme:
Draw this theme (be creative!):
How can we apply this to our own lives? What can we learn?
!
Key Quotations:
What comment is Lee making about the legal system and society?
Draw this theme (be creative!):
PREJUDICE! If this theme were a color, it would be:
Key characters:
Key Quotations:
43
Explain/describe/discuss/mind map this theme:
What comment is Lee making about human dignity and society?
How can we apply this to our own lives? What can we learn?
THEME:
!
!
___________________________________________________________________________________" "
"
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________"
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________"
Opening Events: _______________________________________________________________________________
"
Resolution
DING ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________"
"
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________"
"
How is the protagonist changed? ______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________"
"
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________"
"
Ending: ____________________________________________________________________________________________________"
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________"
"
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________"
"
How is the conflict resolved?"___________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________" "
"
______________________________________________"
!
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________"
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________"
Characters introduced: _____________________________________________________________________"
Narrative Perspective: ______________________________________________________________________
Setting: _____________________________________________________________________________________________"
"
" "
_______________________________________________________________________________"
"
______________________________________________________________________________"
"
_____________________________________________________________________________"
"
______________________________________________"
"
________________________________________________"
"
_________________________________________________"
"
__________________________________________________"
"
____________________________________________________"
"
_____________________________________________________"
"
______________________________________________________"
"
________________________________________________________"
"
_____________________________________________________________"
____________________________________________________________________________"
"
""""""""""""___________________________________________________________________"
""____________________________________________________________"
""""""""_______________________________________________________"
Greatest point of tension/action: _________________________________________________"
Climax
"
___________________________________________________________________"
"
___________________________________________________________________"
"
___________________________________________________________________"
"
on i t c A g Fallin
Exposition
_______________________________________________________________"
"
___________________________________________________________________"
"
_______________________________________________________________________"
R i s
"
in g A
Elements of suspense:"____________________________________________
"
"
________________________________________________________________________________________" "
"
Protagonist’s Conflict:"_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________" "
"
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________"
"
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________"
"
ct i o n
Main Events of Falling Action: ____________________""
THE PLOT STRUCTURE !
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________"
"
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________"
"
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________"
"
Main Events of Rising Action: __________________________________________________________________"
Let’s pause to think about POST -REA
44
ING
EAD R T POS
Let’s pause to think about
THE NARRATIVE PERSPECTIVE !
!
whose perspective is the From " story told?"
Three words which characterize the narrator:"
The Tense of the Narration:" Describe the narrator (in as much detail as possible):"
(Tick one)"
Should the reader trust the narrator? Why or why not?"
The narrative perspective is:" q First-person " q Second-person " q Third-person limited " q Third-person objective" q Third-person omniscient"
How is this shown through the language?"
What role does the narrator play in the development of the plot?"
Is the narrator a ‘likeable’ character? Why or why not?"
What role does the narrator play in the characterization of one or more of the characters?"
Describe the TONE of the narration:"
Why this choice of narrative perspective? How is it effective?"
A quotation from the text which clearly displays the narrative perspective/character of the narrator:"
45
POST -REA
Let’s pause to think about
DING
LITERARY ELEMENTS LITERARY ELEMENTS
Title: ___________________________________________________ ! Author: ________________________________________________
!
Time (historical): ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
!
Location (geographical): __________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Setting Location (specifically):
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Weather: _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Sensory experiences: _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Mood created by setting: ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Protagonist: _________________________________________________________ Antagonist: ________________________________________________________ Other main characters: ________________________________________________________________________________________________
Characters
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Narrative Perspective: __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Conflict
Internal conflict faced by protagonist: ______________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
External conflict faced by protagonist: ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Result of the conflict: ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Exposition: ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Rising Action: ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Plot
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Climax: ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Falling Action: ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Resolution: ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Theme
Main Theme: ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ How is this theme conveyed? _____________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Any motifs/symbols: _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
46
© Stacey Lloyd 2014
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