Reforms Of Bhutto 3x1p5p

Reforms of Bhutto

Political Reforms • Centre would not appoint governors. • Limitation of press freedom and ban on political parties was done through an amendment. • In 1975 National assembly approved a bill by which FSF could detain people for an indefinite period. • By another amendment courts were also not permitted to bail for those people held detention by FSF. • Formation of FSF.

Social Reforms • a) Health Reforms: Introduction of Rural Health Centre and Basic Health units. • Names of medicines were decided to be generic. • Number of medical colleges also increased. • b) Educational Reforms: Private schools and colleges were placed under the control of provincial education board. • Teachers were paid now equivalent salaries.

• Primary education was free. • The main aim was to increase literacy rate. • All pay scales were amalgamated into 15 national grades.

Industrial Reforms • a) Nationalization of industries took place like Steel, iron, heavy engineering electrical goods, tractor plants, heavy basic chemicals and 20 major factories except those which were running by foreign capital. • Those belonging to basic necessities like ghee mills, flour mills and rice mills. • All insurance companies were merged into State Life Insurance Corporation and nationalized.

• Banks were nationalized and all banks were merged into State Bank of Pakistan. • The capital was expanded up to villages and developing class. • b) Rights of workers: • Better salaries to all levels. • Working conditions were improved. • According to new labor policy, no worker could be dismissed until there was a valid reason.

• Educational facilities for the children of workers. • A scheme of pension for old age workers. • Union activity was restored and many demands of the workers were accepted. • istration suffered due to the lack of disciplined workforce. • Top class management was replaced by government officials or party with no training to run such enterprises.

• Inefficiency became the order of the day and workers became more dissatisfied. • After getting their demands fulfilled workers started expecting more privileges.

Constitutional Reforms • National Assembly for 5 years. • Prime minister could select his cabinet. • Senate includes technocrats, the intelligensia, the specialists and professionals. • Work as a source of think tank. • Equal representation of all provinces. • Decision making body.

Land Reforms • The new ceiling was150acres of irrigated land and 300acres of non-irrigated land. surplus land seized from feudals and were given to those peasants who owned less than 12.5 acres. • Cost of seeds, water charges, and half the cost of fertilizers including all taxes was the responsibility of landlords.

• The second important reform was the security of tenancy granted to tenant farmers. • This included the Islamic right of Haq Shifa which gives sitting tenants the right to buy the land if it is being sold. • Tenants could not now be arbitrarily evicted or removed if they wished to continue as tenants.