Ra 1425 (rizal Law) 5x1i5l

REPUBLIC ACT 1425 (RIZAL LAW)

BY PROF. MC DONALD DOMINGO M. PASCUAL DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES

WHY IS THERE A NEED FOR A LAW THAT INCORPORATE S COURSES ON THE LIFE, WORKS AND IDEAS OF JOSE RIZAL IN THE CURRICULA OF ALL SCHOOLS, COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES IN THE PHILIPPINES?

The lawmakers who favored the age of a law that would include courses on the life, works and ideas of Jose Rizal firmly believed the necessity of instilling a strong sense of nationalism among the youth, especially in their formative and decisive years.

RA 1425 (Rizal Law)

Prof. Mc Donald Domingo M. Pascual

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Facade of the Old Legislative Building (now the National Museum of the Philippine—Main)

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Through the works of Rizal, especially his Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo —works that are considered as ‘constant and inspiring sources of nationalism’.

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The Famous Novels of Rizal RA 1425 (Rizal Law)


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The Catholic hierarchy was the initial sector to express its dissenting view on the age of a law that would make Rizal’s Noli and El Fili as compulsory reading matters in all schools, colleges and universities in the Philippines. RA 1425 (Rizal Law)


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The Manila Cathedral

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1. In the “compulsory” teaching of the unexpurgated versions of Rizal’s Noli and El Fili, a teacher would have the tendency to discuss—or worse, to criticize—certain Church doctrines. 2. The inevitable criticism of Church doctrines might lead to the jeopardy of the faith of people. RA 1425 (Rizal Law)


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“Among the many illustrious Filipinos who have distinguished themselves in the service of their country, the highest place of honor belongs to Dr. Rizal. And justly so, for Dr. Rizal possessed to an eminent degree those virtues which together make up true patriotism.”

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“He [Rizal] loved his country not in words alone but in deed. He devoted his time, his energies and the resources of his brilliant mind to dispelling [sic] the ignorance and apathy of his people, and combating [sic] the injustices and inequalities under which they labored. When his salutatory activities fell under the suspicion of the colonial government and he was condemned to death as a rebel, he generously offered his blood for the welfare of his country .” RA 1425 (Rizal Law)


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The answer to the question led the lawmakers, senators and congressmen alike, and the of the different sectors of the society to engage in heated discussions. It became an extremely controversial issue that it resulted to the misunderstanding and quarrel of those who were overwhelmed by their emotions. RA 1425 (Rizal Law)


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VERSUS

Communists  Collaborators (during the Japanese Occupation)  Self-proclaimed patriots 

RA 1425 (Rizal Law)

Anti-Rizal  Unnationalistic  Traitors to the Country  Servants of the Church, etc. 


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Senator Jose P. Laurel presented S.B. No. 438 with the title “An Act to Make Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo Compulsory Reading Matters in All Public and Private Schools, Colleges and Universities and for Other Purposes”. RA 1425 (Rizal Law)


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“The hero’s [Rizal] greatness lies not only in his intense patriotism, exemplary conduct and behavior as a Filipino, the courage of his conviction and the utter disregard of the dangers to his life during those hectic days when he was preaching the gospel truth of justice, Filipinism, not only in his great acts but also in his great thoughts and ideas which were expressed and spread over in practically all pages of his novels.” RA 1425 (Rizal Law)


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1. The greatness of Rizal, as well as his intense love for his country and people, could only be fully appreciated by the Filipinos if they would have adequate knowledge about his sufferings and injustices. 2. His writings would open the minds of the Filipinos to the ruthless effects of colonization. 3. By exposing the Filipino youth to the ideas of Rizal, they would be able to learn how to live the Rizal way that is characterized by strong love for country and strong desire to build a great nation. RA 1425 (Rizal Law)


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4. The Filipino youth must consider as a sacred duty to study the great dreams and aspirations of Rizal for his country. 5. The teaching and reading of the novels of Rizal should be made into a law so that, through their knowledge and understanding of the hero’s works, they would acquire a torch to guide them when the country would experience another period of peril or darkness. RA 1425 (Rizal Law)


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Sen. Francisco “Soc” Rodrigo opposed due to the use of compulsion. 1. He claimed that the reading of the unexpurgated versions of Rizal’s novels as against the conscience of the Catholics. 2. He believed that nationalism and patriotism are important and must be promoted, yet promoting them should not be done at the risk of endangering the harmony between the Church and the state. RA 1425 (Rizal Law)


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3. Sen. Rodrigo viewed the measures as unjust and unwise because of the use of compulsion that might put the Church in an awkward situation since religious issues have always been considered as “delicate matters”.

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Sen. Decoroso Rosales also opposed due to the use of compulsion. 1. He believed that approval of the bills would lead to the closure of Catholic schools all throughout the country. 2. He believed further that a political party might inevitably be put up by the Catholics to show their strong resentment to the law.

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Sen. Claro M. Recto averred that: 1. “Catholic schools would never close since they are the sources of the Church’s income, as well as its religious and political powers. 2. “If a political party would be set up, it would be divided into two—the political party to be headed by either Sen. Rodrigo or Sen. Rosales and the party to be composed of Filipino Catholics who do not only believe in God…

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…and serve Him but also possess a strong love for their country and believe in serving her.” Sen. Claro M. Recto (Lawyer and Statesman)

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Congressman Jacobo Gonzales of Laguna proposed H.B. No.5561 which also bore the title of S.B. No. 438.

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“The bill merely declares Dr. Jose P. Rizal’s Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo, in their original edition or in their unexpurgated English and national language versions compulsory reading matters in all public and private schools, colleges and universities. The bill selects the writings of Dr. Rizal because he is the greatest of our national heroes, the staunchest apostle of nationalism, the greatest man the Malayan race has ever produced and a universal genius and hero of humanity… (see con’t in next page) RA 1425 (Rizal Law)


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…We have chosen the Noli and the Fili for in their pages we see our lives as before a mirror—our defects as well as our strengths, our virtues as well as our vices. Knowing these, our consciousness as a people is stirred and we learn to prepare ourselves for painful sacrifices that ultimately lead to selfreliance, self-respect and freedom. The Noli and Fili mirror Philippine life, true today as it was during the time of Dr. Rizal, only the dates and names have changed.” RA 1425 (Rizal Law)


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Cong. Jesus Paredes (of Abra) expressed to the objectives of the bills, yet he opposed the manner through which they would be attained. He said “the bill [H.B. 5561] would violate of [sic] Section 927 of the Revised istrative Code”. RA 1425 (Rizal Law)


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It [Section 927] prohibits teachers and other persons engaged in any public school to discuss or criticize the doctrines of any church, religious act or denomination or shall attempt to influence the pupils [or students] for or against any church or religious sect. RA 1425 (Rizal Law)


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Cong. Titong Roces (of Manila) recounted that: “The author of the bill [HB 5561] found it necessary to make the reading of these novels because during the last 350 years [sic] the forces that have been working against nationalism in the Philippines have always used compulsion, and that we, Filipinos, in our efforts to establish ourselves as a race and as a people (see con’t in next page). RA 1425 (Rizal Law)


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have always been the victim of compulsion. And that in spite of the fact that we are independent now, the inertia created by centuries of compulsion against our efforts to unite ourselves as a people is so strong that perhaps, there is no other way of stopping the same except by counter-compulsion. RA 1425 (Rizal Law)


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…It was the use of “compulsion” in the attainment of the objectives of bills. Interesting to note, however , that nobody among those who opposed the age of the bills desecrated the image of Jose Rizal—neither that there was one who said that he did not deserve to be called as our national hero.



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



To resolve the issues, amendments of the bills were respectively proposed in both houses of Congress. The word “compulsory” was deleted and replaced with the phrase “to include”.  It met strict scrutiny from those who opposed the original versions.  It was favorably accepted by the lawmakers.

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The amended versions of S.B. 438 and H.B. 5561 were entitled: “An Act to Include in the Curricula of All Public and Private Schools, Colleges and Universities Courses on the Life, Works and Writings of Rizal Particularly His Novels Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo, Authorizing the Printing and Distribution Thereof, and for Other Purposes”

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As the author of the amended version in the House of Representatives, Cong. Arturo Tolentino, Tolentino appealed to his colleagues with the following statements:

Cong. Arturo Tolentino RA 1425 (Rizal Law)

“I appeal to the of this House, both those who spoke in favor of the… Prof. Mc Donald Domingo M. Pascual

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…Gonzales bill as originally worded and those who spoke against the bill to agree to reason, to give something of their original contention, so that we may meet in the middle ground, not for our own sake, not for the pride of having won in the halls of this Congress but for the sake of our people who must remain united, for the leaders of the people must not think of their own personal victory or glory but of the unity of the people… RA 1425 (Rizal Law)


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…whom they represent. There can be no true nationalism when the people are divided. It is incumbent upon the leaders of the people to preserve unity among the people, for nationalism flowers… in the hearts of the people…. I appeal to you. Let us vote unanimously… as an example to our people. I have every reason to believe that the people listening to us all … RA 1425 (Rizal Law)


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…over the country will unite as we do when we vote as one in this bill. Let us not think of which side will win; let us just think that with this bill,

the Filipino people will win because they will continue to remain whole and cohesive. Within these walls, this substitute bill represents the victory of reason and wisdom; outside these halls, it means the triumph of a united Filipino people.” RA 1425 (Rizal Law)


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

Deleted – Penalty to be imposed for any public or private school, college and university and the head and teachers of the school found guilty of violating, failing to comply with or circumventing the provision of the law.



Replaced with – Authorization for the appropriation of the amount of P300,000.00 for the printing and distribution of the copies of the novels and other writings of Rizal in their English, Tagalog and principal dialect translations. RA 1425 (Rizal Law)


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

Added –Nothing in the Act shall be “construed as amending or repealing section nine hundred twenty-seven of the istrative Code”.



Provided – The Board of National Education is hereby authorized and directed to adopt measures to implement and carry out the provisions of Section 1 of the Act, including the writing and printing of appropriate primers, readers and textbooks. RA 1425 (Rizal Law)


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Eulogio “Amang” A. Rodriguez (President of the Senate)

Jose P. Laurel, Jr. (Speaker of the House of Representatives) and

H.E. Ramon Magsaysay, Jr. (President, Republic of the Philippines)

Approved on June 12, 1956 RA 1425 (Rizal Law)


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Sen. Eulogio “Amang” Rodriguez

RA 1425 (Rizal Law)

President Ramon Magsaysay


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1. In 1983, Jaime C. Laya, Minister of Education, Culture and Sports, issued a memorandum which required that the life, works and writings of Rizal should no longer be taught as a separate subject but as a component in history, literature, philosophy and other allied subjects. 

This memorandum came with the emerging view that nationalism, patriotism and democratic way of life can also be fostered through the integration of these concepts in the aforementioned subjects. RA 1425 (Rizal Law)


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2. In December 1988,during the First Rizal Faculty Congress in Baguio City, shocking revelations were made regarding the teaching of Rizal course. It was learned that the Rizal course was: 

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not as important as other subjects for it merely served as a “filler” to faculty who lacked subjects to teach; used to glorify Andres Bonifacio at the expense of Rizal, hence cynicism and division were fostered. RA 1425 (Rizal Law)


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! THANK YOU FOR LISTENING !

RA 1425 (Rizal Law)


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