Power Electronics Lab Manual 5mkx
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1
CHRIST INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY (Formerly Dr. S.J.S Paul Memorial College of Engineering & Technology) Approved by AICTE, New Delhi & d to Pondicherry University An ISO 9001:2008 Certified Institution
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS
VI SEMESTER
POWER ELECTRONICS LAB MANUAL
Prepared by R.Rajtilak AP/EEE
CIT
2 EE P61 POWER ELECTRONICS LABORATORY (A minimum of TEN experiments to be conducted in the following Topics) Objective: This course is intended to enable the students to understand the basics of trigger circuits required for various power converters. Students acquire knowledge about the operation of various power converter circuits namely controlled rectifiers, choppers, AC voltage regulators and inverters. The course enables the students to do simulation of these circuits using MATLAB/Simulink and experimentally the simulation results in the hardware lab. Besides, the students are introduced with some of the application of these power converters. List of experiments POWER CONVERTERS 1. Switching characteristics of MOSFET and IGBT 2. SCR Triggering circuits (using RC, UJT and counters etc) 3. Single phase Semi and Full converters 4. Three-phase converter circuits 5. Forced commutation circuits 6. DC-DC converters (class A – E) 7. AC Voltage controllers 8. Single-phase and 3- phase PWM inverter 9. Non-PWM Inverters (120 and 180 modes of VSI , series and parallel inverters) 10. Cycloconverters APPLICATIONS 11. Study of ZVS and ZCS buck converter 12. Speed control of AC/DC motors 13. Switched mode power supplies
Prepared by R.Rajtilak AP/EEE
CIT
3
CONTENTS Sl.N o
Date
Prepared by R.Rajtilak AP/EEE
Name of the Experiment
Mark
Sign
CIT
4
General Instructions to students for EEE Lab courses Be punctual to the lab class.
Attend the laboratory classes wearing the prescribed uniform and shoes. Avoid wearing any metallic rings, straps or bangles as they are likely to prove dangerous at times. Girls should put their plait inside their overcoat Boys students should tuck in their uniform to avoid the loose cloth getting into with rotating machines. Acquire a good knowledge of the surrounding of your worktable. Know where the various live points are situated in your table. In case of any unwanted things happening, immediately switch off the mains in the worktable. This must be done when there is a power break during the experiment being carried out. Before entering into the lab class, you must be well prepared for the experiment that you are going to do on that day. You must bring the related text book which may deal with the relevant experiment. Get the circuit diagram approved. Prepare the list of equipments and components required for the experiment and get the indent approved. Plan well the disposition of the various equipments on the worktable so that the experiment can be carried out. Make connections as per the approved circuit diagram and get the same verified. After getting the approval only supply must be switched on. For the purpose of speed measurement in rotating machines, keep the tachometer in the extended shaft. Avoid using the brake drum side. Get the reading verified. Then inform the technician so that supply to the worktable can be switched off. You must get the observation note corrected within two days from the date of completion of experiment. Write the answer for all the discussion questions in the observation note. If not, marks for concerned observation will be proportionately reduced. Submit the record note book for the experiment completed in the next class. If you miss any practical class due to unavoidable reasons, intimate the staff in charge and do the missed experiment in the repetition class. Such of those students who fail to put in a minimum of 75% attendance in the laboratory class will run the risk of not being allowed for the University Practical Examination. They will have to repeat the lab course in subsequent semester after paying prescribed fee.
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5 Use isolated supply for the measuring instruments like CRO in Power Electronics Laboratory experiments.
GENERAL PROCEDURE TO CHECK THE WORKING CONDITION OF A THYRISTOR 1. Connect the Multimeter across the Gate and the Cathode terminal and check the resistance between the terminals. The meter should shows some low resistance value (40 to 100 Ω) then the SCR is working properly otherwise replace the SCR. 2. Similarly Connect the Multimeter across the Anode and the Cathode terminal and check the resistance between the terminals. The meter should shows some high resistance value (in Mega Ω) then the SCR is working properly otherwise replace the SCR. 3. Similarly for Diode also. STEPS TO BE FOLLOWED TO DESIGN A CIRCUIT IN MATLAB SIMULINK 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
Open the installed Matlab shortcut in the desktop screen. Go to File New Model Click on Library Browser and surf for the tools. Start the project and design the circuits. Save the simulation work. Run the simulation. View the output in the Scope.
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6 INTRODUCTION TO MATLAB • • • • • • • • •
“The Language of Technical Computing” Numerical Programming Environment MATLAB - MATrix LABoratory High-Level Interpreted Language Uses: Analyze Data Develop Algorithms Create Models and Applications. Multidisciplinary Applications SIMULINK
• • • • • • • • • •
Simulink is a Block Diagram Environment for Multi domain simulation and ModelBased Design. Build, Simulate and Analyze models using Blocks. Connect to External Hardware (FPGA, DSP Processors, Microprocessor, Microcontroller, etc) and run the models there directly. Simscape (Physical Systems – Mechanical, Electrical, Hydraulic, etc) SimMechanics ( Robotics, Vehicle Suspensions, HIL system ) SimDriveline (1-D Driveline System Simulation) SimHydraulics (Hydraulic Components) SimRF (RF Systems) SimPowerSystems (Electrical Power Systems) SimElectronics (Motors, Drives, Sensors, Actuators, etc) THE MATLAB SCREEN
Command Window Type commands
Current Directory View folders and m-files
Workspace View program variables Double click on a variable to see it in the Array Editor
Command History View Past Commands Save a whole session using Diary
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CIT
7 SIMPOWERSYSTEMS INTRODUCTION
Simulink library blocks dedicated to modeling, simulation and analysis of electrical circuits, electrical machines and drives, static converters and power energy systems SimPowerSystems library can be used with standard Simulink block diagrams to construct various connecting elements of a dynamic system, and their effects on the entire power system. SIMPOWERSYSTEMS LIBRARY Contains Nine libraries of electrical and electronic components (powerlib):
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8
ELECTRICAL SOURCES Different electrical sources – DC/ AC
+
DC Voltage Source
-
s
Controlled Voltage Source
+
AC Voltage Source
AC Current Source
-
s
Controlled Current Source
A
A N
B
B C
C
Three-Phase Programmable Voltage Source
Three-Phase Source
ELECTRICAL ELEMENTS
Series RLC Branch
A
C
B
A
____ E l e m e n t s _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Three-Phase Series RLC Load
Series RLC Load
B
Three-Phase Series RLC Branch
A B C
C
Three-Phase Parallel RLC Branch
Distributed Parameters Line
A
B
B
C
C
A
A
B
B
C
C
Ground
Neutral
node 10
1
Three-Phase Harmonic Filter
____ L i n e s _________________________________________________
Pi Section Line
A
Three-Phase Dynamic Load
Three-Phase Mutual Inductance Z1-Z0
C
A B C
Three-Phase Parallel RLC Load
B
A B C
Parallel RLC Load
A
A B C
B
A
Mutual Inductance
Parallel RLC Branch
m
C
Connection Port
Surge Arrester
____ C i r c u i t B r e a k e r s _____________________________
c
2
1
Breaker
Three-Phase PI Section Line
A
a
A
B
b
B
C
c
Three-Phase Breaker
C Three-Phase Fault
____ T r a n s f o r m e r s ________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2
+2 1+
1
2 +3
3
3 1
+4
Linear Transformer Prepared by R.Rajtilak AP/EEE4 2 1
Multi-Winding Transformer
A
a
B
b
C
c
Three-Phase Transformer (Two Windings)
A B C
a2 b2 c2 a3 b3 c3
Three-Phase Transformer (Three Windings)
A1+ A+ B+ C+ ABC-
a3 b3 c3
Zigzag Phase-Shifting Transformer
A2+
A1
A2
B1+
B2+
B1 C1+ C1
B2 C2+ CIT C2
Three-Phase Transformer 12 Terminals
9 ____ L i n e s _________________________________________________
____ C i r c u i t B r e a k e r s _____________________________
____ T r a n s f o r m e r s ________________________________________________________________________________________________________
POWER ELECTRONICS SimPowerSystems library provides a set of blocks dedicated to the modeling of electronic devices (diodes, thyristors and transistors) and static converters (rectifiers and inverters single phase or three phase bridge) called Power Electronics.
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CIT
10 MEASUREMENTS
i -
+
0
Current Measurement
Multimeter
+ v -
A
Voltage Measurement
B
Vabc Iabc a b
C
Z
c
Three-Phase V-I Measurement
Impedance Measurement
____ Single-Phase _____________________________ ____ E xMeasurements t r a s __________________________
signal THD
In
signal rms
Mean
Continuous Measurements
Total Harmonic Distorsion
Mean Value
RMS
magnitude
In Mean
signal angle
Mean Value (linear)
Fourier
____ Three-Phase Measurements _____________________________ Discrete Measurements
abc
dq0 dq0
sin_cos
sin_cos
Mag abc
abc
Phasor Measurements
abc_to_dq0 Transformation
dq0_to_abc Transformation
Phase
3-Phase Sequence Analyzer
____ Power Measurements __________________________________
V I
Vabc PQ
Active & Reactive Power
Prepared by R.Rajtilak AP/EEE
Iabc
Vdq0 PQ
3-phase Instantaneous Active & Reactive Power
Idq0
PQ
dq0-based Active & Reactive Power
CIT
11 SINGLE PHASE HALF WAVE CONTROLLED CONVERTER EXP NO:
DATE:
AIM: To study the performance of single phase half wave controlled converter for R, RL and RL with FWD loads. To prove that the half wave controlled converter works in only one quadrant. To observe the magnitude & wave forms of input and output in CRO To draw the wave forms of input and output drawn on graph sheet. APPARATUS: 1. Single phase fully controlled bridge kit 2. Single phase fully controlled bridge firing kit 3. Thyristors-TYN612-1 no 4. Diodes –IN 4007-1 no 5. Rheostat-50 ohms 6. Loading inductor 7. CRO 8. Connecting wires CIRCUIT DIAGRAM: SINGLE PHASE HALF CONTROLLED BRIDGE CONVERTER WITH R-LOAD
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CIT
12 SINGLE PHASE HALF CONTROLLED BRIDGE CONVERTER WITH RL-LOAD
SINGLE PHASE HALF CONTROLLED BRIDGE CONVERTER WITH RL- WITH FWD LOAD
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CIT
13 MODEL WAVEFORM
TABULAR COLUMN: Vin(magnitude)= ______ For R Load SL.No
Firing Angle
Vavg (V)
Vavg (V)
Vavg (V)
in degrees 0 30 60 90 120 150 180
(Practical)
(Theoretical)
(Simulation)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
For RL Load SL.No
Firing Angle
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Vavg (V)
Vavg (V)
Vavg (V) CIT
14
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
in degrees 0 30 60 90 120 150 180
(Practical)
(Theoretical)
(Simulation)
For RL With FWD Load SL.No
Firing Angle
Vavg (V)
Vavg (V)
Vavg (V)
in degrees 0 30 60 90 120 150 180
(Practical)
(Theoretical)
(Simulation)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
PRECAUTIONS: 1. Check all the SCR’s for the performance before making connections 2. Check the firing circuits trigger outputs and its relative phase sequence. 3. Make fresh connections before you make a new experiment. 4. Preferably work at low voltages (30-40V) for every new connections after careful verification raised to the max. ratings. 5. Keep all knobs at min. position before you switch ON the supply. 6. Show connections to the lab faculty before you start the experiment. PROCEDURE: 1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram. 2. Firing pulses are applied for the respective SCR’s from the firing circuit. 3. The main supply is switched ON and triggering circuit is switched ON 4. Wave forms across the load are observed in CRO values are noted down and tabulated for different firing angles. RESULT:
Prepared by R.Rajtilak AP/EEE
CIT
15 The performance of Single phase Half wave controlled converter of R & RL and RL with FWD load are studied and output wave forms for different firing angles are drawn on the graph sheet. CONCLUSION: The Single phase Half wave bridge converter will act in I-quadrant only for firing angles 0< α <180degrees.
SINGLE PHASE SEMI CONVERTER EXP NO:
DATE:
AIM: To study the performance of single phase half controlled bridge converter for R and RLloads. To prove that the half controlled converter works in only one quadrant. To observe the magnitude & wave forms of input and output in CRO To draw the wave forms of input and output drawn on graph sheet. Prepared by R.Rajtilak AP/EEE
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16 APPARATUS: 1. Single phase fully controlled bridge kit 2. Single phase fully controlled bridge firing kit 3. Thyristors-TYN612-2 no 4. Diodes –IN 4007-2 no 5. Rheostat-50 ohms 6. Loading inductor 7. CRO 8. Connecting wires CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
SINGLE
PHASE
HALF CONTROLLED BRIDGE CONVERTER WITH R-LOAD
SINGLE PHASE HALF CONTROLLED BRIDGE CONVERTER WITH RL-LOAD
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17
WAVE FORMS:
TABULAR COLUMN: Vin(magnitude)= ______
Prepared by R.Rajtilak AP/EEE
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18 For R Load SL.No
Firing Angle
Vavg (V)
Vavg (V)
Vavg (V)
in degrees 0 30 60 90 120 150 180
(Practical)
(Theoretical)
(Simulation)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
For RL Load SL.No
Firing Angle
Vavg (V)
Vavg (V)
Vavg (V)
(Practical)
(Theoretical)
(Simulation)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
in degrees 0 30 60 90 120 150 180
THEORETICAL CALICULATIONS: For R and RL Loads
PRECAUTIONS: 1. Check all the SCR’s for the performance before making connections 2. Check the firing circuits trigger outputs and its relative phase sequence. 3. Make fresh connections before you make a new experiment. 4. Preferably work at low voltages (30-40V) for every new connections after careful verification raised to the max. ratings.
Prepared by R.Rajtilak AP/EEE
CIT
19 5. Keep all knobs at min. position before you switch ON the supply. 6. Show connections to the lab faculty before you start the experiment. PROCEDURE: 1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram. 2. Firing pulses are applied for the respective SCR’s from the firing circuit. 3. The main supply is switched ON and triggering circuit is switched ON 4. Wave forms across the load are observed in CRO values are noted down and tabulated for different firing angles. 5. The output wave forms are plotted on the graph sheet. 6. Similarly RL-load steps of the above are repeated. 7. Wave forms are observed in CRO RESULT: The performance of Single phase Half controlled bridge converter of R & RL-load are studied and output wave forms for different firing angles are drawn on the graph sheet. CONCLUSION: The Single phase Half controlled bridge converter will act in I-quadrant only for firing angles 0< α <180degrees. QUESTIONS FOR VIVA-VOCE: 1. How many quadrants does a Half controlled rectifier works? 2. What is meant by Line commutation? 3. How the thyristors get commutated? 4. Does a Half controlled rectifier work as inverter? 5. What are the merits & demerits of half controlled rectifier over fully controlled rectifier? SINGLE-PHASE FULLY CONTROLLED CONVERTER EXP NO: AIM:
DATE:
To study the performance of single phase full controlled bridge converter for R , RL
and RL with FWD loads. To prove that the fully controlled converter works in only two quadrant. To observe the magnitude & wave forms of input and output in CRO To draw the wave forms of input and output drawn on graph sheet. APPARATUS: 1. Thyristors-4 no
Prepared by R.Rajtilak AP/EEE
CIT
20 2. Single phase fully controlled bridge firing kit 3. Rheostat-50 ohms 4. Loading inductor 10mH, 25mH&50mH 5. CRO 6. Connecting wires CIRCUIT DIAGRAM: SINGLE PHASE FULLY CONTROLLED BRIDGE CONVERTER WITH R-LOAD
SINGLE PHASE FULLY CONTROLLED BRIDGE CONVERTER WITH RL-LOAD
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21
SINGLE PHASE FULLY CONTROLLED BRIDGE CONVERTER RL with FWD-LOAD
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22 1 - PHASE FULLY CONTROLLED CENTRETAPPED CONVERTER WITH R-LOAD
1 - PHASE FULLY CONTROLLED CENTRETAPPED CONVERTER WITH RL-LOAD
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23
1 - PHASE FULLY CONTROLLED CENTRETAPPED CONVERTER WITH RL WITH FREEWHEELING DIODE LOAD
WAVE FORMS: SINGLE PHASE FULLY CONTROLLED CONVERTER WITH R-LOAD
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SINGLE PHASE FULLY CONTROLLED CONVERTER WITH RL-LOAD
SINGLE PHASE FULLY CONTROLLED CONVERTER RL WITH FWD LOAD
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25
TABULAR COLUMN: BRIDE TYPE Vin (magnitude) = ______ For R Load SL.No
Firing Angle
Vavg (V)
Vavg (V)
Vavg (V)
(Practical)
(Theoretical)
(Simulation)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
in degrees 0 30 60 90 120 150 180
For RL Load SL.No
Firing Angle
Vavg (V)
Vavg (V)
Vavg (V)
in degrees 0 30 60 90 120 150 180
(Practical)
(Theoretical)
(Simulation)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
For RL with FWD Load SL.No
Firing Angle
Vavg (V)
Vavg (V)
Vavg (V)
(Practical)
(Theoretical)
(Simulation)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
in degrees 0 30 60 90 120 150 180
Prepared by R.Rajtilak AP/EEE
CIT
26 TABULAR COLUMN: CENTRETAPPED TYPE Vin (magnitude) = ______ For R Load SL.No
Firing Angle
Vavg (V)
Vavg (V)
Vavg (V)
(Practical)
(Theoretical)
(Simulation)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
in degrees 0 30 60 90 120 150 180
For RL Load SL.No
Firing Angle
Vavg (V)
Vavg (V)
Vavg (V)
in degrees 0 30 60 90 120 150 180
(Practical)
(Theoretical)
(Simulation)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
For RL with FWD Load SL.No
Firing Angle
Vavg (V)
Vavg (V)
Vavg (V)
in degrees 0 30 60 90 120 150 180
(Practical)
(Theoretical)
(Simulation)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
THEORETICAL CALICULATIONS:
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27
CONTROL CHARACTERISTICTS
V O (dc) V
dm
0 .6 V
dm
0 .2 V
dm
0 -0 .2 V dm -0 .6 V -V
30
60
90
120
150
180
dm
dm
T r ig g e r a n g le i n d e g r e e s
PRECAUTIONS: 1. Check the working condition of all the SCR’s before connecting them in the circuit. 2. Check the firing circuits trigger outputs and its relative phase sequence. 3. Make fresh connections before you make a new experiment. 4. Preferably work at low voltages (30-40V) for every new connections after careful Verification raised to the max. Ratings. 5. Keep all knobs at min. position before you switch ON the supply. 6. Show connections to the lab faculty before you start the experiment. PROCEDURE: 1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram. 2. Firing pulses are applied for the respective SCR’s from the firing circuit. 3. The main supply is switched ON and triggering circuit is switched ON 4. Wave forms across the load are observed in CRO values are noted down and tabulated for
Prepared by R.Rajtilak AP/EEE
CIT
28 different firing angles. 5. The output wave forms are plotted on the graph sheet. 6. Similarly RL-load steps of the above are repeated. 7. Wave forms are observed in CRO RESULT: The performance of Single phase fully controlled bridge converter of R & RL-load are studied and out ut wave forms for different firing angles are drawn on the graph sheet. CONCLUSION: The Single phase fully controlled bridge converter will act as a rectifier for firing angles 0< α <90degrees, and act as a inverter for firing angles ranging from 90 < α< 180 degrees and output voltages of desired magnitude can be obtained by varying the firing angle α. QUESTIONS FOR VIVA-VOCE: 1. How many quadrants does a Full controlled rectifier works ? 2. What is meant by Line commutation ? 3. How the thyristors get commutated ? 4. When a full controlled rectifier work as inverter ? 5. What is the change observed in wave forms for R-load & RL-load
GATE FIRING CIRCUITS (R, RC & UJT) EXP NO:
DATE:
AIM: To study the performance of various turn-on methods of thrusters by it’s gate terminal. To prove that the firing angle range for R-triggering is 0 to 90 To prove that the firing angle range for RC-triggering is 0 to 180 To prove that the firing angle range for UJT-triggering ramp triggering. To observe the magnitude & wave forms of input and output in CRO To draw the wave forms of input and output drawn on graph sheet. APPARATUS: 1. RC-Firing circuit study unit.
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29 2. UJT-Firing circuit study unit 3. Thyristor-TYN612-1 no 4. Rheostat-50 ohms 5. CRO 6. Connecting wires R-FIRING CIRCUIT CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
WAVEFORMS:
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30
PROCEDURE: 1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram. 2. The main supply is switched ON and triggering circuit is switched ON 3. Wave forms across the load are observed in CRO values are noted down and tabulated for different firing angles. 4. The output wave forms are plotted on the graph sheet. TABULAR COLUMN: Vin (magnitude) = ______
SL.No
Firing
Vdc (V)
Vavg (V)
Vrms (V)
Vrms (V)
Angle
(Practical)
(Theoretical)
(Practical)
(Theoretical)
in degrees
THEORETICAL CALICULATIONS:
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31
RC-FIRING CIRCUIT CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
TABULAR COLUMN: Vin (magnitude) = ______ SL.No
Firing
Vdc (V)
Vavg (V)
Vrms (V)
Vrms (V)
Angle
(Practical)
(Theoretical)
(Practical)
(Theoretical)
in degrees
WAVE FORMS:
Prepared by R.Rajtilak AP/EEE
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32
PROCEDURE: 1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram. 2. The main supply is switched ON and triggering circuit is switched ON 3. Wave forms across the load are observed in CRO values are noted down and tabulated for different firing angles. 4. The output wave forms are plotted on the graph sheet.
UJT-FIRING CIRCUIT CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
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33
TABULAR COLUMN: Vin (magnitude) = ______ SL.No
Firing
Vdc (V)
Vavg (V)
Vrms (V)
Vrms (V)
Angle
(Practical)
(Theoretical)
(Practical)
(Theoretical)
in degrees
PROCEDURE: 1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram. 2. The main supply is switched ON and triggering circuit is switched ON 3. Wave forms across the load are observed in CRO values are noted down and tabulated for different firing angles. 4. The output wave forms are plotted on the graph sheet. WAVE FORMS:
Prepared by R.Rajtilak AP/EEE
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34
PRECAUTIONS: 1. Check all the SCR’s for the performance before making connections 2. Check the firing circuits trigger outputs and its relative phase sequence. 3. Make fresh connections before you make a new experiment. 4. Preferably work at low voltages (30-40V) for every new connection after careful Verification raised to the max. ratings. 5. Keep all knobs at min. position before you switch ON the supply. 6. Show connections to the lab faculty before you start the experiment. RESULT:
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35 The performance of R,RC & UJT Firing circuits with R -load are studied and output wave forms for different firing angles are drawn on the graph sheet. CONCLUSION: R-Triggering circuit works for firing angle range 0 to 90 degrees, RC-Triggering circuit works for firing angle range 0 to 180 degrees and UJT Firing circuit works for instant triggering. VIVA-VOCE: 1. What is the range of firing angle in R-Triggering? 2. What is the range of firing angle in RC-Triggering? 3. What is meant by Ramp Triggering? 4. What are the advantages of UJT-firing circuit over R & RC-triggering? 5. What is the importance of 1:1 pulse transformer?
SINGLE PHASE AC VOLTAGE CONTROLLER
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36 EXP NO:
DATE:
AIM: To study the performance of single phase ac voltage converter for R and RL loads. To observe the magnitude & wave forms of input and output in CRO To draw the wave forms of input and output drawn on graph sheet. APPARATUS: 1. Thyristors-2 no or Ac voltage controller Power Module Kit 2. Ac Voltage controller firing kit 3. Rheostat-50 ohms 5. CRO 6. Connecting wires CIRCUIT DIAGRAM: SINGLE PHASE AC VOLTAGE CONTROLLER FOR R LOAD
TABULAR COLUMN: Vin (RMS) = ______ For R Load SL.No
Firing Angle
in degrees 1 0 2 30 3 60 4 90 5 120 WAVE FORMS:
Prepared by R.Rajtilak AP/EEE
Vrms (V)
Vrms (V)
Vrms (V)
(Practical)
(Theoretical)
(Simulation)
CIT
37
THEORETICAL CALICULATIONS:
SINGLE PHASE AC VOLTAGE CONTROLLER FOR RL LOAD
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38
WAVE FORMS:
TABULAR COLUMN: Vin (RMS) = ______ For RL Load SL.No
Firing Angle
Vrms (V)
Vrms (V)
Vrms (V)
in degrees 0 30 60 90 120
(Practical)
(Theoretical)
(Simulation)
1 2 3 4 5
THEORETICAL CALICULATIONS:
Prepared by R.Rajtilak AP/EEE
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39
PRECAUTIONS: 1. Check all the SCR’s for the performance before making connections 2. Check the firing circuits trigger outputs and its relative phase sequence. 3. Make fresh connections before you make a new experiment. 4. Preferably work at low voltages (30-40V) for every new connections after careful verification raised to the max. Ratings. 5. Keep all knobs at min. position before you switch ON the supply. 6. Show connections to the lab faculty before you start the experiment. PROCEDURE: 1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram. 2. Firing pulses are applied for the respective SCR’s from the firing circuit. 3. The main supply is switched ON and triggering circuit is switched ON 4. Wave forms across the load are observed in CRO values are noted down and tabulated for different firing angles. 5. The output wave forms are plotted on the graph sheet. 6. Similarly RL-load steps of the above are repeated. 7. Wave forms are observed in CRO RESULT: The performance of ac voltage controller of R & RL-load are studied and output wave forms for different firing angles are drawn on the graph sheet. Viva Questions 1. What does ac voltage controller mean? 2. What are the applications of ac voltage controllers? 3. What are the advantages of ac voltage controllers? 4. What are the disadvantages of ac voltage controllers? 5. What are the two methods of control in ac voltage controllers? (Nov 10/April 12) 6. What is the difference between ON-OFF control and phase control? 7. What is the advantage of ON-OFF control? 8. What is the disadvantage of ON-OFF control? 9. What is the duty cycle in ON-OFF control method? 10. What is meant by unidirectional or half-wave ac voltage controller? 11. What are the disadvantages of unidirectional or half-wave ac voltage controller? 12. What is meant by bidirectional or half-wave ac voltage controller? 13. What is the control range of firing angle inac voltage controller with RL load? 14. What type of gating signal is used in single phase ac voltage controller with RL load? Prepared by R.Rajtilak AP/EEE
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40 15. What are the disadvantages of continuous gating signal? 16. What is meant by high frequency carrier gating? 17. What is meant by sequence control of ac voltage regulators? 18. What are the advantages of sequence control of ac voltage regulators?
SINGLE PHASE STEP DOWN CYCLOCONVERTER EXP NO:
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DATE:
CIT
41 AIM:
To study the performance of single phase cycloconverter for R load. To observe the magnitude & wave forms of input and output in CRO To draw the wave forms of input and output drawn on graph sheet.
APPARATUS: 1. Thyristors-4 no or Cycloconverter Power Module Kit 2. Cycloconverter firing kit 3. Rheostat-50 ohms 5. CRO 6. Connecting wires CIRCUIT DIAGRAM: SINGLE PHASE CYCLOCONVERTER FOR R LOAD
WAVE FORMS:
Prepared by R.Rajtilak AP/EEE
CIT
42
PRECAUTIONS: 1. Check all the SCR’s for the performance before making connections 2. Check the firing circuits trigger outputs and its relative phase sequence. 3. Make fresh connections before you make a new experiment. 4. Preferably work at low voltages (30-40V) for every new connections after careful verification raised to the max. Ratings. 5. Keep all knobs at min. position before you switch ON the supply. 6. Show connections to the lab faculty before you start the experiment. PROCEDURE: 1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram. 2. Firing pulses are applied for the respective SCR’s from the firing circuit. 3. The main supply is switched ON and triggering circuit is switched ON 4. Wave forms across the load are observed in CRO values are noted down and tabulated for different firing angles. 5. The output wave forms are plotted on the graph sheet.
Prepared by R.Rajtilak AP/EEE
CIT
43 7. Wave forms are observed in CRO RESULT: The performance of single phase step down cycloconverter for R load is studied and output wave forms for different firing angles are drawn on the graph sheet. Viva Questions 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
What is meant by cyclo-converter? What are the two types of cyclo-converters? What is meant by step-up cyclo-converters? What is meant by step-down cyclo-converters? What are the applications of cyclo-converter? What is meant by positive converter group in a cycloconverter? What is meant by negative converter group in a cycloconverter? What is a synchronous connection changer?
THREE PHASE NON PWM INVERTER (180° and 120°) MODE EXP NO:
Prepared by R.Rajtilak AP/EEE
DATE:
CIT
44 AIM To study the performance of three phase non pwm inverter (180° and 120°) mode with the help of MATLAB Simulation software. APPARATUS 1. Personal Computer – 1 Nos 2. Matlab Software Package CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
FIRING CIRCUIT
Prepared by R.Rajtilak AP/EEE
CIT
45
WAVEFORMS 180° MODE
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46
120° MODE
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47
Prepared by R.Rajtilak AP/EEE
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48 PROCEDURE: 1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram. 2. Firing pulses are applied for the respective SCR’s from the firing circuit. 3. Run the simulation file 4. Wave forms are observed in Scope. RESULT: The performance of three phase non pwm inverter was studied and the waveforms are observed.
SINGLE PHASE PWM INVERTER Prepared by R.Rajtilak AP/EEE
CIT
49 EXP NO:
DATE:
AIM To study the performance of single phase pwm inverter with the help of MATLAB Simulation software. APPARATUS 1. Personal Computer – 1 Nos 2. Matlab Software Package CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
WAVEFORMS
Prepared by R.Rajtilak AP/EEE
CIT
50
FREQUENCY SPECTRUM
PROCEDURE: 1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram. 2. Firing pulses are applied for the respective SCR’s from the firing circuit. 3. Run the simulation file 4. Wave forms are observed in Scope. TABULAR COLUMN Prepared by R.Rajtilak AP/EEE
CIT
51 Vin = SL.No
1 2 3 4 5
Modulatio
Vout
Vout
n Index
(Simulation
(Theoritical
)
)
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.1
RESULT: The performance of single phase pwm inverter was studied and the waveforms are observed. Viva Questions 1. What is meant by inverter? 2. What are the applications of inverter? 3. What are the main classifications of inverter? 4. Why thyristors are not preferred for inverters? 5. How output frequency is varied in case of a thyristor? 6. Give two advantages of CSI. 7. Why diodes should be connected in anti parallel with the thyristors in inverter circuits? 8. What is meant by series inverter? 9. What is meant by parallel inverter? 10. What are the applications of a series inverter? 11. How is the inverter circuit classified based on commutation circuitry? 12. Why forced commutation if required in inverters? 13. What are the conventional forced commutation techniques for thyristors based inverters? 14. What is meant by McMurray inverter? 15. What are the applications of a CSI? 16. What is meant by PWM control? 17. What are the advantages of PWM control? 18. What are the disadvantages of the harmonics present in the inverter system? 19. What are the methods of reduction of harmonic content? 20. Compare CSI with VSI? 21. What are the disadvantages of PWM control? 22. What are the different types of PWM control? 23. What is single pulse width modulation? 22. What is the disadvantage of the single pulse width modulation? 24. Define: amplitude modulation index 25. What is the need for voltage control in an inverter?
Prepared by R.Rajtilak AP/EEE
CIT
52 26. List different methods of controlling the output voltage of inverters? 27. Define the term inverter gain? 28. Differentiate half bridge and full bridge inverter. 29. What are the performance parameters of inverters? 30. What are the reasons for adding a filter on the inverter output? 31. What is meant by Current source inverters? 32. What are the arrangements for obtaining three-phase output voltages in inverter? 33. What are the all the advantages and disadvantages of 120º conduction mode in 3Φ inverter? 34. What is the purpose of over modulation in inverter? 35. What are the effects of eliminating lower order harmonics in inverter?
THREE PHASE FULL CONVERTER EXP NO: Prepared by R.Rajtilak AP/EEE
DATE: CIT
53 AIM To study the performance of three phase converter with the help of MATLAB Simulation software. APPARATUS 1. Personal Computer – 1 Nos 2. Matlab Software Package CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
Prepared by R.Rajtilak AP/EEE
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54
Prepared by R.Rajtilak AP/EEE
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55
PROCEDURE: 1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram. 2. Firing pulses are applied for the respective SCR’s from the firing circuit. 3. Run the simulation file Prepared by R.Rajtilak AP/EEE
CIT
56 4. Wave forms are observed in Scope. TABULAR COLUMN: Vin = SL.No
1 2 3 4 5
Firing
Vout
Vout
Angle
(Simulation
(Theoritical
)
)
0 30 60 90 120
RESULT: The performance of three phase full converter was studied and the waveforms are observed.
SINGLE PHASE CYCLO CONVERTER Prepared by R.Rajtilak AP/EEE
CIT
57 EXP NO:
DATE:
AIM To study the performance of single phase converter with the help of MATLAB Simulation software. APPARATUS 1. Personal Computer – 1 Nos 2. Matlab Software Package CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
Prepared by R.Rajtilak AP/EEE
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58
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59
Prepared by R.Rajtilak AP/EEE
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60
PROCEDURE: 1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram. 2. Firing pulses are applied for the respective SCR’s from the firing circuit. 3. Run the simulation file 4. Wave forms are observed in Scope. RESULT: The performance of single phase cyclo converter was studied and the waveforms are observed.
SINGLE PHASE SEMI CONVERTER Prepared by R.Rajtilak AP/EEE
CIT
61 EXP NO:
DATE:
AIM To study the performance of single phase semi converter with the help of MATLAB Simulation software. APPARATUS 1. Personal Computer – 1 Nos 2. Matlab Software Package CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
WAVEFORMS
Prepared by R.Rajtilak AP/EEE
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62
PROCEDURE: Prepared by R.Rajtilak AP/EEE
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63 1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram. 2. Firing pulses are applied for the respective SCR’s from the firing circuit. 3. Run the simulation file 4. Wave forms are observed in Scope. RESULT: The performance of single phase semi converter was studied and the waveforms are observed.
Prepared by R.Rajtilak AP/EEE
CIT
64 SINGLE PHASE FULL CONVERTER EXP NO:
DATE:
AIM To study the performance of single phase semi converter with the help of MATLAB Simulation software. APPARATUS 1. Personal Computer – 1 Nos 2. Matlab Software Package CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
Prepared by R.Rajtilak AP/EEE
CIT
65
Prepared by R.Rajtilak AP/EEE
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66 PROCEDURE: 1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram. 2. Firing pulses are applied for the respective SCR’s from the firing circuit. 3. Run the simulation file 4. Wave forms are observed in Scope. RESULT: The performance of single phase full converter was studied and the waveforms are observed.
Prepared by R.Rajtilak AP/EEE
CIT
67 SINGLE PHASE AC VOLTAGE CONTROLLER EXP NO:
DATE:
AIM To study the performance of single phase ac voltage controller with the help of MATLAB Simulation software. APPARATUS 1. Personal Computer – 1 Nos 2. Matlab Software Package CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
Prepared by R.Rajtilak AP/EEE
CIT
68
PROCEDURE: 1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram. 2. Firing pulses are applied for the respective SCR’s from the firing circuit. 3. Run the simulation file 4. Wave forms are observed in Scope. RESULT: The performance of single phase ac voltage controller was studied and the waveforms are observed.
SPEED CONTROL OF 3Φ SQUIRREL CAGE INDUCTION MOTOR USING PWM INVERTER EXP NO: AIM:
DATE:
To study and to the control the speed of the 3φ squirrel cage induction motor using 3φ
pwm inverter. APPARATUS 1. 3φ Ac Input
Prepared by R.Rajtilak AP/EEE
CIT
69 2. 3φ PWM Inverter 3. Digital Tachometer 4. Multimeter CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
WAFEFORMS
PROCEDURE 1. Connections are given as per the circuit diagram 2. Switch on MCB, the indicator will be ON. Switch on the ON/OFF provided normally externally TABULAR COLUMN: Nature
Voltage
Frequenc
Speed
(V)
y
(RPM)
Prepared by R.Rajtilak AP/EEE
Spring Balance Reading W1 W2 W
Torque (Nm)
CIT
70 (Hz) No Load
Forward Directio n
Reverse Directio n
RESULT: The performance of speed control of 3φ Induction motor was studied and the waveforms are observed.
COMMUTATION METHODS OF SCR EXP NO: AIM:
DATE:
To study the operation and to the output waveforms of the following commutation
methods. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Class A commutation Class B commutation Class C commutation Class D commutation Class E commutation
APPARATUS 1. CRO 2. Thyristor Forced Commutation circuit kit 3. Patch Chords
Prepared by R.Rajtilak AP/EEE
CIT
71 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM \Class A commutation
Class B commutation
Prepared by R.Rajtilak AP/EEE
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72
Class C commutation
Prepared by R.Rajtilak AP/EEE
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73
Class D commutation
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74
Class E commutation
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75
PROCEDURE 1. 2. 3. 4.
Connections are given as per the circuit diagram. The input supply is given to the trainer. Firing pulses are given to the SCR. The output waveforms are verified from the respective terminals through the CRO. RESULT:
The performance of different commutation circuits was studied and the waveforms are observed.
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CIT
76
Prepared by R.Rajtilak AP/EEE
CIT
CHRIST INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY (Formerly Dr. S.J.S Paul Memorial College of Engineering & Technology) Approved by AICTE, New Delhi & d to Pondicherry University An ISO 9001:2008 Certified Institution
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS
VI SEMESTER
POWER ELECTRONICS LAB MANUAL
Prepared by R.Rajtilak AP/EEE
CIT
2 EE P61 POWER ELECTRONICS LABORATORY (A minimum of TEN experiments to be conducted in the following Topics) Objective: This course is intended to enable the students to understand the basics of trigger circuits required for various power converters. Students acquire knowledge about the operation of various power converter circuits namely controlled rectifiers, choppers, AC voltage regulators and inverters. The course enables the students to do simulation of these circuits using MATLAB/Simulink and experimentally the simulation results in the hardware lab. Besides, the students are introduced with some of the application of these power converters. List of experiments POWER CONVERTERS 1. Switching characteristics of MOSFET and IGBT 2. SCR Triggering circuits (using RC, UJT and counters etc) 3. Single phase Semi and Full converters 4. Three-phase converter circuits 5. Forced commutation circuits 6. DC-DC converters (class A – E) 7. AC Voltage controllers 8. Single-phase and 3- phase PWM inverter 9. Non-PWM Inverters (120 and 180 modes of VSI , series and parallel inverters) 10. Cycloconverters APPLICATIONS 11. Study of ZVS and ZCS buck converter 12. Speed control of AC/DC motors 13. Switched mode power supplies
Prepared by R.Rajtilak AP/EEE
CIT
3
CONTENTS Sl.N o
Date
Prepared by R.Rajtilak AP/EEE
Name of the Experiment
Mark
Sign
CIT
4
General Instructions to students for EEE Lab courses Be punctual to the lab class.
Attend the laboratory classes wearing the prescribed uniform and shoes. Avoid wearing any metallic rings, straps or bangles as they are likely to prove dangerous at times. Girls should put their plait inside their overcoat Boys students should tuck in their uniform to avoid the loose cloth getting into with rotating machines. Acquire a good knowledge of the surrounding of your worktable. Know where the various live points are situated in your table. In case of any unwanted things happening, immediately switch off the mains in the worktable. This must be done when there is a power break during the experiment being carried out. Before entering into the lab class, you must be well prepared for the experiment that you are going to do on that day. You must bring the related text book which may deal with the relevant experiment. Get the circuit diagram approved. Prepare the list of equipments and components required for the experiment and get the indent approved. Plan well the disposition of the various equipments on the worktable so that the experiment can be carried out. Make connections as per the approved circuit diagram and get the same verified. After getting the approval only supply must be switched on. For the purpose of speed measurement in rotating machines, keep the tachometer in the extended shaft. Avoid using the brake drum side. Get the reading verified. Then inform the technician so that supply to the worktable can be switched off. You must get the observation note corrected within two days from the date of completion of experiment. Write the answer for all the discussion questions in the observation note. If not, marks for concerned observation will be proportionately reduced. Submit the record note book for the experiment completed in the next class. If you miss any practical class due to unavoidable reasons, intimate the staff in charge and do the missed experiment in the repetition class. Such of those students who fail to put in a minimum of 75% attendance in the laboratory class will run the risk of not being allowed for the University Practical Examination. They will have to repeat the lab course in subsequent semester after paying prescribed fee.
Prepared by R.Rajtilak AP/EEE
CIT
5 Use isolated supply for the measuring instruments like CRO in Power Electronics Laboratory experiments.
GENERAL PROCEDURE TO CHECK THE WORKING CONDITION OF A THYRISTOR 1. Connect the Multimeter across the Gate and the Cathode terminal and check the resistance between the terminals. The meter should shows some low resistance value (40 to 100 Ω) then the SCR is working properly otherwise replace the SCR. 2. Similarly Connect the Multimeter across the Anode and the Cathode terminal and check the resistance between the terminals. The meter should shows some high resistance value (in Mega Ω) then the SCR is working properly otherwise replace the SCR. 3. Similarly for Diode also. STEPS TO BE FOLLOWED TO DESIGN A CIRCUIT IN MATLAB SIMULINK 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
Open the installed Matlab shortcut in the desktop screen. Go to File New Model Click on Library Browser and surf for the tools. Start the project and design the circuits. Save the simulation work. Run the simulation. View the output in the Scope.
Prepared by R.Rajtilak AP/EEE
CIT
6 INTRODUCTION TO MATLAB • • • • • • • • •
“The Language of Technical Computing” Numerical Programming Environment MATLAB - MATrix LABoratory High-Level Interpreted Language Uses: Analyze Data Develop Algorithms Create Models and Applications. Multidisciplinary Applications SIMULINK
• • • • • • • • • •
Simulink is a Block Diagram Environment for Multi domain simulation and ModelBased Design. Build, Simulate and Analyze models using Blocks. Connect to External Hardware (FPGA, DSP Processors, Microprocessor, Microcontroller, etc) and run the models there directly. Simscape (Physical Systems – Mechanical, Electrical, Hydraulic, etc) SimMechanics ( Robotics, Vehicle Suspensions, HIL system ) SimDriveline (1-D Driveline System Simulation) SimHydraulics (Hydraulic Components) SimRF (RF Systems) SimPowerSystems (Electrical Power Systems) SimElectronics (Motors, Drives, Sensors, Actuators, etc) THE MATLAB SCREEN
Command Window Type commands
Current Directory View folders and m-files
Workspace View program variables Double click on a variable to see it in the Array Editor
Command History View Past Commands Save a whole session using Diary
Prepared by R.Rajtilak AP/EEE
CIT
7 SIMPOWERSYSTEMS INTRODUCTION
Simulink library blocks dedicated to modeling, simulation and analysis of electrical circuits, electrical machines and drives, static converters and power energy systems SimPowerSystems library can be used with standard Simulink block diagrams to construct various connecting elements of a dynamic system, and their effects on the entire power system. SIMPOWERSYSTEMS LIBRARY Contains Nine libraries of electrical and electronic components (powerlib):
Prepared by R.Rajtilak AP/EEE
CIT
8
ELECTRICAL SOURCES Different electrical sources – DC/ AC
+
DC Voltage Source
-
s
Controlled Voltage Source
+
AC Voltage Source
AC Current Source
-
s
Controlled Current Source
A
A N
B
B C
C
Three-Phase Programmable Voltage Source
Three-Phase Source
ELECTRICAL ELEMENTS
Series RLC Branch
A
C
B
A
____ E l e m e n t s _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Three-Phase Series RLC Load
Series RLC Load
B
Three-Phase Series RLC Branch
A B C
C
Three-Phase Parallel RLC Branch
Distributed Parameters Line
A
B
B
C
C
A
A
B
B
C
C
Ground
Neutral
node 10
1
Three-Phase Harmonic Filter
____ L i n e s _________________________________________________
Pi Section Line
A
Three-Phase Dynamic Load
Three-Phase Mutual Inductance Z1-Z0
C
A B C
Three-Phase Parallel RLC Load
B
A B C
Parallel RLC Load
A
A B C
B
A
Mutual Inductance
Parallel RLC Branch
m
C
Connection Port
Surge Arrester
____ C i r c u i t B r e a k e r s _____________________________
c
2
1
Breaker
Three-Phase PI Section Line
A
a
A
B
b
B
C
c
Three-Phase Breaker
C Three-Phase Fault
____ T r a n s f o r m e r s ________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2
+2 1+
1
2 +3
3
3 1
+4
Linear Transformer Prepared by R.Rajtilak AP/EEE4 2 1
Multi-Winding Transformer
A
a
B
b
C
c
Three-Phase Transformer (Two Windings)
A B C
a2 b2 c2 a3 b3 c3
Three-Phase Transformer (Three Windings)
A1+ A+ B+ C+ ABC-
a3 b3 c3
Zigzag Phase-Shifting Transformer
A2+
A1
A2
B1+
B2+
B1 C1+ C1
B2 C2+ CIT C2
Three-Phase Transformer 12 Terminals
9 ____ L i n e s _________________________________________________
____ C i r c u i t B r e a k e r s _____________________________
____ T r a n s f o r m e r s ________________________________________________________________________________________________________
POWER ELECTRONICS SimPowerSystems library provides a set of blocks dedicated to the modeling of electronic devices (diodes, thyristors and transistors) and static converters (rectifiers and inverters single phase or three phase bridge) called Power Electronics.
Prepared by R.Rajtilak AP/EEE
CIT
10 MEASUREMENTS
i -
+
0
Current Measurement
Multimeter
+ v -
A
Voltage Measurement
B
Vabc Iabc a b
C
Z
c
Three-Phase V-I Measurement
Impedance Measurement
____ Single-Phase _____________________________ ____ E xMeasurements t r a s __________________________
signal THD
In
signal rms
Mean
Continuous Measurements
Total Harmonic Distorsion
Mean Value
RMS
magnitude
In Mean
signal angle
Mean Value (linear)
Fourier
____ Three-Phase Measurements _____________________________ Discrete Measurements
abc
dq0 dq0
sin_cos
sin_cos
Mag abc
abc
Phasor Measurements
abc_to_dq0 Transformation
dq0_to_abc Transformation
Phase
3-Phase Sequence Analyzer
____ Power Measurements __________________________________
V I
Vabc PQ
Active & Reactive Power
Prepared by R.Rajtilak AP/EEE
Iabc
Vdq0 PQ
3-phase Instantaneous Active & Reactive Power
Idq0
PQ
dq0-based Active & Reactive Power
CIT
11 SINGLE PHASE HALF WAVE CONTROLLED CONVERTER EXP NO:
DATE:
AIM: To study the performance of single phase half wave controlled converter for R, RL and RL with FWD loads. To prove that the half wave controlled converter works in only one quadrant. To observe the magnitude & wave forms of input and output in CRO To draw the wave forms of input and output drawn on graph sheet. APPARATUS: 1. Single phase fully controlled bridge kit 2. Single phase fully controlled bridge firing kit 3. Thyristors-TYN612-1 no 4. Diodes –IN 4007-1 no 5. Rheostat-50 ohms 6. Loading inductor 7. CRO 8. Connecting wires CIRCUIT DIAGRAM: SINGLE PHASE HALF CONTROLLED BRIDGE CONVERTER WITH R-LOAD
Prepared by R.Rajtilak AP/EEE
CIT
12 SINGLE PHASE HALF CONTROLLED BRIDGE CONVERTER WITH RL-LOAD
SINGLE PHASE HALF CONTROLLED BRIDGE CONVERTER WITH RL- WITH FWD LOAD
Prepared by R.Rajtilak AP/EEE
CIT
13 MODEL WAVEFORM
TABULAR COLUMN: Vin(magnitude)= ______ For R Load SL.No
Firing Angle
Vavg (V)
Vavg (V)
Vavg (V)
in degrees 0 30 60 90 120 150 180
(Practical)
(Theoretical)
(Simulation)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
For RL Load SL.No
Firing Angle
Prepared by R.Rajtilak AP/EEE
Vavg (V)
Vavg (V)
Vavg (V) CIT
14
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
in degrees 0 30 60 90 120 150 180
(Practical)
(Theoretical)
(Simulation)
For RL With FWD Load SL.No
Firing Angle
Vavg (V)
Vavg (V)
Vavg (V)
in degrees 0 30 60 90 120 150 180
(Practical)
(Theoretical)
(Simulation)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
PRECAUTIONS: 1. Check all the SCR’s for the performance before making connections 2. Check the firing circuits trigger outputs and its relative phase sequence. 3. Make fresh connections before you make a new experiment. 4. Preferably work at low voltages (30-40V) for every new connections after careful verification raised to the max. ratings. 5. Keep all knobs at min. position before you switch ON the supply. 6. Show connections to the lab faculty before you start the experiment. PROCEDURE: 1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram. 2. Firing pulses are applied for the respective SCR’s from the firing circuit. 3. The main supply is switched ON and triggering circuit is switched ON 4. Wave forms across the load are observed in CRO values are noted down and tabulated for different firing angles. RESULT:
Prepared by R.Rajtilak AP/EEE
CIT
15 The performance of Single phase Half wave controlled converter of R & RL and RL with FWD load are studied and output wave forms for different firing angles are drawn on the graph sheet. CONCLUSION: The Single phase Half wave bridge converter will act in I-quadrant only for firing angles 0< α <180degrees.
SINGLE PHASE SEMI CONVERTER EXP NO:
DATE:
AIM: To study the performance of single phase half controlled bridge converter for R and RLloads. To prove that the half controlled converter works in only one quadrant. To observe the magnitude & wave forms of input and output in CRO To draw the wave forms of input and output drawn on graph sheet. Prepared by R.Rajtilak AP/EEE
CIT
16 APPARATUS: 1. Single phase fully controlled bridge kit 2. Single phase fully controlled bridge firing kit 3. Thyristors-TYN612-2 no 4. Diodes –IN 4007-2 no 5. Rheostat-50 ohms 6. Loading inductor 7. CRO 8. Connecting wires CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
SINGLE
PHASE
HALF CONTROLLED BRIDGE CONVERTER WITH R-LOAD
SINGLE PHASE HALF CONTROLLED BRIDGE CONVERTER WITH RL-LOAD
Prepared by R.Rajtilak AP/EEE
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17
WAVE FORMS:
TABULAR COLUMN: Vin(magnitude)= ______
Prepared by R.Rajtilak AP/EEE
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18 For R Load SL.No
Firing Angle
Vavg (V)
Vavg (V)
Vavg (V)
in degrees 0 30 60 90 120 150 180
(Practical)
(Theoretical)
(Simulation)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
For RL Load SL.No
Firing Angle
Vavg (V)
Vavg (V)
Vavg (V)
(Practical)
(Theoretical)
(Simulation)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
in degrees 0 30 60 90 120 150 180
THEORETICAL CALICULATIONS: For R and RL Loads
PRECAUTIONS: 1. Check all the SCR’s for the performance before making connections 2. Check the firing circuits trigger outputs and its relative phase sequence. 3. Make fresh connections before you make a new experiment. 4. Preferably work at low voltages (30-40V) for every new connections after careful verification raised to the max. ratings.
Prepared by R.Rajtilak AP/EEE
CIT
19 5. Keep all knobs at min. position before you switch ON the supply. 6. Show connections to the lab faculty before you start the experiment. PROCEDURE: 1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram. 2. Firing pulses are applied for the respective SCR’s from the firing circuit. 3. The main supply is switched ON and triggering circuit is switched ON 4. Wave forms across the load are observed in CRO values are noted down and tabulated for different firing angles. 5. The output wave forms are plotted on the graph sheet. 6. Similarly RL-load steps of the above are repeated. 7. Wave forms are observed in CRO RESULT: The performance of Single phase Half controlled bridge converter of R & RL-load are studied and output wave forms for different firing angles are drawn on the graph sheet. CONCLUSION: The Single phase Half controlled bridge converter will act in I-quadrant only for firing angles 0< α <180degrees. QUESTIONS FOR VIVA-VOCE: 1. How many quadrants does a Half controlled rectifier works? 2. What is meant by Line commutation? 3. How the thyristors get commutated? 4. Does a Half controlled rectifier work as inverter? 5. What are the merits & demerits of half controlled rectifier over fully controlled rectifier? SINGLE-PHASE FULLY CONTROLLED CONVERTER EXP NO: AIM:
DATE:
To study the performance of single phase full controlled bridge converter for R , RL
and RL with FWD loads. To prove that the fully controlled converter works in only two quadrant. To observe the magnitude & wave forms of input and output in CRO To draw the wave forms of input and output drawn on graph sheet. APPARATUS: 1. Thyristors-4 no
Prepared by R.Rajtilak AP/EEE
CIT
20 2. Single phase fully controlled bridge firing kit 3. Rheostat-50 ohms 4. Loading inductor 10mH, 25mH&50mH 5. CRO 6. Connecting wires CIRCUIT DIAGRAM: SINGLE PHASE FULLY CONTROLLED BRIDGE CONVERTER WITH R-LOAD
SINGLE PHASE FULLY CONTROLLED BRIDGE CONVERTER WITH RL-LOAD
Prepared by R.Rajtilak AP/EEE
CIT
21
SINGLE PHASE FULLY CONTROLLED BRIDGE CONVERTER RL with FWD-LOAD
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22 1 - PHASE FULLY CONTROLLED CENTRETAPPED CONVERTER WITH R-LOAD
1 - PHASE FULLY CONTROLLED CENTRETAPPED CONVERTER WITH RL-LOAD
Prepared by R.Rajtilak AP/EEE
CIT
23
1 - PHASE FULLY CONTROLLED CENTRETAPPED CONVERTER WITH RL WITH FREEWHEELING DIODE LOAD
WAVE FORMS: SINGLE PHASE FULLY CONTROLLED CONVERTER WITH R-LOAD
Prepared by R.Rajtilak AP/EEE
CIT
24
SINGLE PHASE FULLY CONTROLLED CONVERTER WITH RL-LOAD
SINGLE PHASE FULLY CONTROLLED CONVERTER RL WITH FWD LOAD
Prepared by R.Rajtilak AP/EEE
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25
TABULAR COLUMN: BRIDE TYPE Vin (magnitude) = ______ For R Load SL.No
Firing Angle
Vavg (V)
Vavg (V)
Vavg (V)
(Practical)
(Theoretical)
(Simulation)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
in degrees 0 30 60 90 120 150 180
For RL Load SL.No
Firing Angle
Vavg (V)
Vavg (V)
Vavg (V)
in degrees 0 30 60 90 120 150 180
(Practical)
(Theoretical)
(Simulation)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
For RL with FWD Load SL.No
Firing Angle
Vavg (V)
Vavg (V)
Vavg (V)
(Practical)
(Theoretical)
(Simulation)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
in degrees 0 30 60 90 120 150 180
Prepared by R.Rajtilak AP/EEE
CIT
26 TABULAR COLUMN: CENTRETAPPED TYPE Vin (magnitude) = ______ For R Load SL.No
Firing Angle
Vavg (V)
Vavg (V)
Vavg (V)
(Practical)
(Theoretical)
(Simulation)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
in degrees 0 30 60 90 120 150 180
For RL Load SL.No
Firing Angle
Vavg (V)
Vavg (V)
Vavg (V)
in degrees 0 30 60 90 120 150 180
(Practical)
(Theoretical)
(Simulation)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
For RL with FWD Load SL.No
Firing Angle
Vavg (V)
Vavg (V)
Vavg (V)
in degrees 0 30 60 90 120 150 180
(Practical)
(Theoretical)
(Simulation)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
THEORETICAL CALICULATIONS:
Prepared by R.Rajtilak AP/EEE
CIT
27
CONTROL CHARACTERISTICTS
V O (dc) V
dm
0 .6 V
dm
0 .2 V
dm
0 -0 .2 V dm -0 .6 V -V
30
60
90
120
150
180
dm
dm
T r ig g e r a n g le i n d e g r e e s
PRECAUTIONS: 1. Check the working condition of all the SCR’s before connecting them in the circuit. 2. Check the firing circuits trigger outputs and its relative phase sequence. 3. Make fresh connections before you make a new experiment. 4. Preferably work at low voltages (30-40V) for every new connections after careful Verification raised to the max. Ratings. 5. Keep all knobs at min. position before you switch ON the supply. 6. Show connections to the lab faculty before you start the experiment. PROCEDURE: 1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram. 2. Firing pulses are applied for the respective SCR’s from the firing circuit. 3. The main supply is switched ON and triggering circuit is switched ON 4. Wave forms across the load are observed in CRO values are noted down and tabulated for
Prepared by R.Rajtilak AP/EEE
CIT
28 different firing angles. 5. The output wave forms are plotted on the graph sheet. 6. Similarly RL-load steps of the above are repeated. 7. Wave forms are observed in CRO RESULT: The performance of Single phase fully controlled bridge converter of R & RL-load are studied and out ut wave forms for different firing angles are drawn on the graph sheet. CONCLUSION: The Single phase fully controlled bridge converter will act as a rectifier for firing angles 0< α <90degrees, and act as a inverter for firing angles ranging from 90 < α< 180 degrees and output voltages of desired magnitude can be obtained by varying the firing angle α. QUESTIONS FOR VIVA-VOCE: 1. How many quadrants does a Full controlled rectifier works ? 2. What is meant by Line commutation ? 3. How the thyristors get commutated ? 4. When a full controlled rectifier work as inverter ? 5. What is the change observed in wave forms for R-load & RL-load
GATE FIRING CIRCUITS (R, RC & UJT) EXP NO:
DATE:
AIM: To study the performance of various turn-on methods of thrusters by it’s gate terminal. To prove that the firing angle range for R-triggering is 0 to 90 To prove that the firing angle range for RC-triggering is 0 to 180 To prove that the firing angle range for UJT-triggering ramp triggering. To observe the magnitude & wave forms of input and output in CRO To draw the wave forms of input and output drawn on graph sheet. APPARATUS: 1. RC-Firing circuit study unit.
Prepared by R.Rajtilak AP/EEE
CIT
29 2. UJT-Firing circuit study unit 3. Thyristor-TYN612-1 no 4. Rheostat-50 ohms 5. CRO 6. Connecting wires R-FIRING CIRCUIT CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
WAVEFORMS:
Prepared by R.Rajtilak AP/EEE
CIT
30
PROCEDURE: 1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram. 2. The main supply is switched ON and triggering circuit is switched ON 3. Wave forms across the load are observed in CRO values are noted down and tabulated for different firing angles. 4. The output wave forms are plotted on the graph sheet. TABULAR COLUMN: Vin (magnitude) = ______
SL.No
Firing
Vdc (V)
Vavg (V)
Vrms (V)
Vrms (V)
Angle
(Practical)
(Theoretical)
(Practical)
(Theoretical)
in degrees
THEORETICAL CALICULATIONS:
Prepared by R.Rajtilak AP/EEE
CIT
31
RC-FIRING CIRCUIT CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
TABULAR COLUMN: Vin (magnitude) = ______ SL.No
Firing
Vdc (V)
Vavg (V)
Vrms (V)
Vrms (V)
Angle
(Practical)
(Theoretical)
(Practical)
(Theoretical)
in degrees
WAVE FORMS:
Prepared by R.Rajtilak AP/EEE
CIT
32
PROCEDURE: 1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram. 2. The main supply is switched ON and triggering circuit is switched ON 3. Wave forms across the load are observed in CRO values are noted down and tabulated for different firing angles. 4. The output wave forms are plotted on the graph sheet.
UJT-FIRING CIRCUIT CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
Prepared by R.Rajtilak AP/EEE
CIT
33
TABULAR COLUMN: Vin (magnitude) = ______ SL.No
Firing
Vdc (V)
Vavg (V)
Vrms (V)
Vrms (V)
Angle
(Practical)
(Theoretical)
(Practical)
(Theoretical)
in degrees
PROCEDURE: 1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram. 2. The main supply is switched ON and triggering circuit is switched ON 3. Wave forms across the load are observed in CRO values are noted down and tabulated for different firing angles. 4. The output wave forms are plotted on the graph sheet. WAVE FORMS:
Prepared by R.Rajtilak AP/EEE
CIT
34
PRECAUTIONS: 1. Check all the SCR’s for the performance before making connections 2. Check the firing circuits trigger outputs and its relative phase sequence. 3. Make fresh connections before you make a new experiment. 4. Preferably work at low voltages (30-40V) for every new connection after careful Verification raised to the max. ratings. 5. Keep all knobs at min. position before you switch ON the supply. 6. Show connections to the lab faculty before you start the experiment. RESULT:
Prepared by R.Rajtilak AP/EEE
CIT
35 The performance of R,RC & UJT Firing circuits with R -load are studied and output wave forms for different firing angles are drawn on the graph sheet. CONCLUSION: R-Triggering circuit works for firing angle range 0 to 90 degrees, RC-Triggering circuit works for firing angle range 0 to 180 degrees and UJT Firing circuit works for instant triggering. VIVA-VOCE: 1. What is the range of firing angle in R-Triggering? 2. What is the range of firing angle in RC-Triggering? 3. What is meant by Ramp Triggering? 4. What are the advantages of UJT-firing circuit over R & RC-triggering? 5. What is the importance of 1:1 pulse transformer?
SINGLE PHASE AC VOLTAGE CONTROLLER
Prepared by R.Rajtilak AP/EEE
CIT
36 EXP NO:
DATE:
AIM: To study the performance of single phase ac voltage converter for R and RL loads. To observe the magnitude & wave forms of input and output in CRO To draw the wave forms of input and output drawn on graph sheet. APPARATUS: 1. Thyristors-2 no or Ac voltage controller Power Module Kit 2. Ac Voltage controller firing kit 3. Rheostat-50 ohms 5. CRO 6. Connecting wires CIRCUIT DIAGRAM: SINGLE PHASE AC VOLTAGE CONTROLLER FOR R LOAD
TABULAR COLUMN: Vin (RMS) = ______ For R Load SL.No
Firing Angle
in degrees 1 0 2 30 3 60 4 90 5 120 WAVE FORMS:
Prepared by R.Rajtilak AP/EEE
Vrms (V)
Vrms (V)
Vrms (V)
(Practical)
(Theoretical)
(Simulation)
CIT
37
THEORETICAL CALICULATIONS:
SINGLE PHASE AC VOLTAGE CONTROLLER FOR RL LOAD
Prepared by R.Rajtilak AP/EEE
CIT
38
WAVE FORMS:
TABULAR COLUMN: Vin (RMS) = ______ For RL Load SL.No
Firing Angle
Vrms (V)
Vrms (V)
Vrms (V)
in degrees 0 30 60 90 120
(Practical)
(Theoretical)
(Simulation)
1 2 3 4 5
THEORETICAL CALICULATIONS:
Prepared by R.Rajtilak AP/EEE
CIT
39
PRECAUTIONS: 1. Check all the SCR’s for the performance before making connections 2. Check the firing circuits trigger outputs and its relative phase sequence. 3. Make fresh connections before you make a new experiment. 4. Preferably work at low voltages (30-40V) for every new connections after careful verification raised to the max. Ratings. 5. Keep all knobs at min. position before you switch ON the supply. 6. Show connections to the lab faculty before you start the experiment. PROCEDURE: 1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram. 2. Firing pulses are applied for the respective SCR’s from the firing circuit. 3. The main supply is switched ON and triggering circuit is switched ON 4. Wave forms across the load are observed in CRO values are noted down and tabulated for different firing angles. 5. The output wave forms are plotted on the graph sheet. 6. Similarly RL-load steps of the above are repeated. 7. Wave forms are observed in CRO RESULT: The performance of ac voltage controller of R & RL-load are studied and output wave forms for different firing angles are drawn on the graph sheet. Viva Questions 1. What does ac voltage controller mean? 2. What are the applications of ac voltage controllers? 3. What are the advantages of ac voltage controllers? 4. What are the disadvantages of ac voltage controllers? 5. What are the two methods of control in ac voltage controllers? (Nov 10/April 12) 6. What is the difference between ON-OFF control and phase control? 7. What is the advantage of ON-OFF control? 8. What is the disadvantage of ON-OFF control? 9. What is the duty cycle in ON-OFF control method? 10. What is meant by unidirectional or half-wave ac voltage controller? 11. What are the disadvantages of unidirectional or half-wave ac voltage controller? 12. What is meant by bidirectional or half-wave ac voltage controller? 13. What is the control range of firing angle inac voltage controller with RL load? 14. What type of gating signal is used in single phase ac voltage controller with RL load? Prepared by R.Rajtilak AP/EEE
CIT
40 15. What are the disadvantages of continuous gating signal? 16. What is meant by high frequency carrier gating? 17. What is meant by sequence control of ac voltage regulators? 18. What are the advantages of sequence control of ac voltage regulators?
SINGLE PHASE STEP DOWN CYCLOCONVERTER EXP NO:
Prepared by R.Rajtilak AP/EEE
DATE:
CIT
41 AIM:
To study the performance of single phase cycloconverter for R load. To observe the magnitude & wave forms of input and output in CRO To draw the wave forms of input and output drawn on graph sheet.
APPARATUS: 1. Thyristors-4 no or Cycloconverter Power Module Kit 2. Cycloconverter firing kit 3. Rheostat-50 ohms 5. CRO 6. Connecting wires CIRCUIT DIAGRAM: SINGLE PHASE CYCLOCONVERTER FOR R LOAD
WAVE FORMS:
Prepared by R.Rajtilak AP/EEE
CIT
42
PRECAUTIONS: 1. Check all the SCR’s for the performance before making connections 2. Check the firing circuits trigger outputs and its relative phase sequence. 3. Make fresh connections before you make a new experiment. 4. Preferably work at low voltages (30-40V) for every new connections after careful verification raised to the max. Ratings. 5. Keep all knobs at min. position before you switch ON the supply. 6. Show connections to the lab faculty before you start the experiment. PROCEDURE: 1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram. 2. Firing pulses are applied for the respective SCR’s from the firing circuit. 3. The main supply is switched ON and triggering circuit is switched ON 4. Wave forms across the load are observed in CRO values are noted down and tabulated for different firing angles. 5. The output wave forms are plotted on the graph sheet.
Prepared by R.Rajtilak AP/EEE
CIT
43 7. Wave forms are observed in CRO RESULT: The performance of single phase step down cycloconverter for R load is studied and output wave forms for different firing angles are drawn on the graph sheet. Viva Questions 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
What is meant by cyclo-converter? What are the two types of cyclo-converters? What is meant by step-up cyclo-converters? What is meant by step-down cyclo-converters? What are the applications of cyclo-converter? What is meant by positive converter group in a cycloconverter? What is meant by negative converter group in a cycloconverter? What is a synchronous connection changer?
THREE PHASE NON PWM INVERTER (180° and 120°) MODE EXP NO:
Prepared by R.Rajtilak AP/EEE
DATE:
CIT
44 AIM To study the performance of three phase non pwm inverter (180° and 120°) mode with the help of MATLAB Simulation software. APPARATUS 1. Personal Computer – 1 Nos 2. Matlab Software Package CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
FIRING CIRCUIT
Prepared by R.Rajtilak AP/EEE
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45
WAVEFORMS 180° MODE
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46
120° MODE
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47
Prepared by R.Rajtilak AP/EEE
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48 PROCEDURE: 1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram. 2. Firing pulses are applied for the respective SCR’s from the firing circuit. 3. Run the simulation file 4. Wave forms are observed in Scope. RESULT: The performance of three phase non pwm inverter was studied and the waveforms are observed.
SINGLE PHASE PWM INVERTER Prepared by R.Rajtilak AP/EEE
CIT
49 EXP NO:
DATE:
AIM To study the performance of single phase pwm inverter with the help of MATLAB Simulation software. APPARATUS 1. Personal Computer – 1 Nos 2. Matlab Software Package CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
WAVEFORMS
Prepared by R.Rajtilak AP/EEE
CIT
50
FREQUENCY SPECTRUM
PROCEDURE: 1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram. 2. Firing pulses are applied for the respective SCR’s from the firing circuit. 3. Run the simulation file 4. Wave forms are observed in Scope. TABULAR COLUMN Prepared by R.Rajtilak AP/EEE
CIT
51 Vin = SL.No
1 2 3 4 5
Modulatio
Vout
Vout
n Index
(Simulation
(Theoritical
)
)
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.1
RESULT: The performance of single phase pwm inverter was studied and the waveforms are observed. Viva Questions 1. What is meant by inverter? 2. What are the applications of inverter? 3. What are the main classifications of inverter? 4. Why thyristors are not preferred for inverters? 5. How output frequency is varied in case of a thyristor? 6. Give two advantages of CSI. 7. Why diodes should be connected in anti parallel with the thyristors in inverter circuits? 8. What is meant by series inverter? 9. What is meant by parallel inverter? 10. What are the applications of a series inverter? 11. How is the inverter circuit classified based on commutation circuitry? 12. Why forced commutation if required in inverters? 13. What are the conventional forced commutation techniques for thyristors based inverters? 14. What is meant by McMurray inverter? 15. What are the applications of a CSI? 16. What is meant by PWM control? 17. What are the advantages of PWM control? 18. What are the disadvantages of the harmonics present in the inverter system? 19. What are the methods of reduction of harmonic content? 20. Compare CSI with VSI? 21. What are the disadvantages of PWM control? 22. What are the different types of PWM control? 23. What is single pulse width modulation? 22. What is the disadvantage of the single pulse width modulation? 24. Define: amplitude modulation index 25. What is the need for voltage control in an inverter?
Prepared by R.Rajtilak AP/EEE
CIT
52 26. List different methods of controlling the output voltage of inverters? 27. Define the term inverter gain? 28. Differentiate half bridge and full bridge inverter. 29. What are the performance parameters of inverters? 30. What are the reasons for adding a filter on the inverter output? 31. What is meant by Current source inverters? 32. What are the arrangements for obtaining three-phase output voltages in inverter? 33. What are the all the advantages and disadvantages of 120º conduction mode in 3Φ inverter? 34. What is the purpose of over modulation in inverter? 35. What are the effects of eliminating lower order harmonics in inverter?
THREE PHASE FULL CONVERTER EXP NO: Prepared by R.Rajtilak AP/EEE
DATE: CIT
53 AIM To study the performance of three phase converter with the help of MATLAB Simulation software. APPARATUS 1. Personal Computer – 1 Nos 2. Matlab Software Package CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
Prepared by R.Rajtilak AP/EEE
CIT
54
Prepared by R.Rajtilak AP/EEE
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55
PROCEDURE: 1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram. 2. Firing pulses are applied for the respective SCR’s from the firing circuit. 3. Run the simulation file Prepared by R.Rajtilak AP/EEE
CIT
56 4. Wave forms are observed in Scope. TABULAR COLUMN: Vin = SL.No
1 2 3 4 5
Firing
Vout
Vout
Angle
(Simulation
(Theoritical
)
)
0 30 60 90 120
RESULT: The performance of three phase full converter was studied and the waveforms are observed.
SINGLE PHASE CYCLO CONVERTER Prepared by R.Rajtilak AP/EEE
CIT
57 EXP NO:
DATE:
AIM To study the performance of single phase converter with the help of MATLAB Simulation software. APPARATUS 1. Personal Computer – 1 Nos 2. Matlab Software Package CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
Prepared by R.Rajtilak AP/EEE
CIT
58
Prepared by R.Rajtilak AP/EEE
CIT
59
Prepared by R.Rajtilak AP/EEE
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60
PROCEDURE: 1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram. 2. Firing pulses are applied for the respective SCR’s from the firing circuit. 3. Run the simulation file 4. Wave forms are observed in Scope. RESULT: The performance of single phase cyclo converter was studied and the waveforms are observed.
SINGLE PHASE SEMI CONVERTER Prepared by R.Rajtilak AP/EEE
CIT
61 EXP NO:
DATE:
AIM To study the performance of single phase semi converter with the help of MATLAB Simulation software. APPARATUS 1. Personal Computer – 1 Nos 2. Matlab Software Package CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
WAVEFORMS
Prepared by R.Rajtilak AP/EEE
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62
PROCEDURE: Prepared by R.Rajtilak AP/EEE
CIT
63 1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram. 2. Firing pulses are applied for the respective SCR’s from the firing circuit. 3. Run the simulation file 4. Wave forms are observed in Scope. RESULT: The performance of single phase semi converter was studied and the waveforms are observed.
Prepared by R.Rajtilak AP/EEE
CIT
64 SINGLE PHASE FULL CONVERTER EXP NO:
DATE:
AIM To study the performance of single phase semi converter with the help of MATLAB Simulation software. APPARATUS 1. Personal Computer – 1 Nos 2. Matlab Software Package CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
Prepared by R.Rajtilak AP/EEE
CIT
65
Prepared by R.Rajtilak AP/EEE
CIT
66 PROCEDURE: 1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram. 2. Firing pulses are applied for the respective SCR’s from the firing circuit. 3. Run the simulation file 4. Wave forms are observed in Scope. RESULT: The performance of single phase full converter was studied and the waveforms are observed.
Prepared by R.Rajtilak AP/EEE
CIT
67 SINGLE PHASE AC VOLTAGE CONTROLLER EXP NO:
DATE:
AIM To study the performance of single phase ac voltage controller with the help of MATLAB Simulation software. APPARATUS 1. Personal Computer – 1 Nos 2. Matlab Software Package CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
Prepared by R.Rajtilak AP/EEE
CIT
68
PROCEDURE: 1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram. 2. Firing pulses are applied for the respective SCR’s from the firing circuit. 3. Run the simulation file 4. Wave forms are observed in Scope. RESULT: The performance of single phase ac voltage controller was studied and the waveforms are observed.
SPEED CONTROL OF 3Φ SQUIRREL CAGE INDUCTION MOTOR USING PWM INVERTER EXP NO: AIM:
DATE:
To study and to the control the speed of the 3φ squirrel cage induction motor using 3φ
pwm inverter. APPARATUS 1. 3φ Ac Input
Prepared by R.Rajtilak AP/EEE
CIT
69 2. 3φ PWM Inverter 3. Digital Tachometer 4. Multimeter CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
WAFEFORMS
PROCEDURE 1. Connections are given as per the circuit diagram 2. Switch on MCB, the indicator will be ON. Switch on the ON/OFF provided normally externally TABULAR COLUMN: Nature
Voltage
Frequenc
Speed
(V)
y
(RPM)
Prepared by R.Rajtilak AP/EEE
Spring Balance Reading W1 W2 W
Torque (Nm)
CIT
70 (Hz) No Load
Forward Directio n
Reverse Directio n
RESULT: The performance of speed control of 3φ Induction motor was studied and the waveforms are observed.
COMMUTATION METHODS OF SCR EXP NO: AIM:
DATE:
To study the operation and to the output waveforms of the following commutation
methods. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Class A commutation Class B commutation Class C commutation Class D commutation Class E commutation
APPARATUS 1. CRO 2. Thyristor Forced Commutation circuit kit 3. Patch Chords
Prepared by R.Rajtilak AP/EEE
CIT
71 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM \Class A commutation
Class B commutation
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72
Class C commutation
Prepared by R.Rajtilak AP/EEE
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73
Class D commutation
Prepared by R.Rajtilak AP/EEE
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74
Class E commutation
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75
PROCEDURE 1. 2. 3. 4.
Connections are given as per the circuit diagram. The input supply is given to the trainer. Firing pulses are given to the SCR. The output waveforms are verified from the respective terminals through the CRO. RESULT:
The performance of different commutation circuits was studied and the waveforms are observed.
Prepared by R.Rajtilak AP/EEE
CIT
76
Prepared by R.Rajtilak AP/EEE
CIT
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