Philippines Landscape 2u1f27
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LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE AND DESIGN IN THE PHILIPPINES INTRODUCTION
The first decade of the new millennium has brought both a few triumphs and major setbacks for landscape architecture and its professional practice in the Philippines. The decade started on a low, as the Asian financial crisis brought property development to a standstill. It ended on a high as recovery was strong despite the worldwide economic glitch in 2006-2008. Local practitioners are optimistic but only if major issues are dealt with.
The last ten years has seen increased hip in the Philippine Association of Landscape Architects. There are now 225 from 125. The profession is now also fully regulated with a strengthened law (Republic Act 9053). Professionals must be Filipinos and must and maintain a valid license to practice.
Within the past decade, the number of universities offering courses in landscape architecture has increased to three from the lone institution- the University of the Philippines. Degrees in landscape architecture are now offered north of Manila at the Bulacan State University, and south of Manila in Cebu province, at the University of San Carlos. The degree programs in both new sites are headed and staffed by graduates of the University of the Philippines and by a Filipino graduate of the Harvard Graduate School of Design (in the case of Cebu).
1 AR327B – PLANNING 2 “LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE & DESIGN IN THE PHILIPPINES” /KAJL
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WHEN DID LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE STARTED IN THE PHILIPPINES?
Landscape architecture got a major boost in 2006 with the naming of veteran landscape architect I.P. Santos (a former IFLA official) as a National Artist in Architecture and Allied Arts. This is the highest honor bestowed on the country’s creative geniuses. Santos’ award put landscape architecture in the spotlight and has reaped benefits for the profession and its practitioners.
This increased awareness of the profession has led to more project opportunities for Filipino landscape architects and firms.
Development has boomed in Manila and other regions all through the decade, except for a slight slowdown in 20062008. Greenfield and brown field developments abound. Inner city redevelopment projects, with higher density mixed-use complexes, all with landscaped podiums or amenity floors, have been the main sources of work for many practitioners.
Government too, at the local and regional levels, has been receptive to the need for landscape architecture in the design of infrastructure and civic spaces.
[But despite this,] the scenario has not been completely positive for Filipino landscape architects. Despite competent education and extensive experience [of local professionals], many local clients turned to foreign landscape architecture firms for their major projects.
2 AR327B – PLANNING 2 “LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE & DESIGN IN THE PHILIPPINES” /KAJL
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Many of these foreign firms offer planning, urban design and landscape architecture up to design development stage. Locals are often called in late in the process and given directives to ‘just follow’ the schemes prepared by these foreign firms. What is discovered in a good number of these designs is that the local cultural use of spaces is unknown or misunderstood, token nods to local aesthetics are made, usually by lifting patterns from local sourcebooks but without understanding the context of the Philippines and its multi-cultural ethnicity. Manila and many other regional centers of growth are seeing copies of landscapes imported almost wholly from abroad. The results are borrowed landscapes with no cultural specificity or real sense of place.
Philippine landscape architecture and Filipino landscape architects are not averse to ideas from other shores. In cases allowed by local laws, collaborative work is welcome. What Filipino practitioners want to express to fellow professionals in other countries, and whose associations are of IFLA is that we prefer to work in an environment of mutual professional respect.
TAGAYTAY HIGHLANDS GOLF AND COUNTRY CLUB
TAGAYTAY HIGHLANDS COUNTRY CLUB
Filipino landscape architects work within legal and professional firms overseas because of their creativity and dedication to their work. Many come home wanting to those still here, and hoping to help evolve local landscape architecture. They, we, hope, to design Filipino landscapes for Filipinos—the green spaces and settings for modern private and communal lives, landscapes that are global in outlook, sustainable in growth, but proudly local in cultural flavor and soul.
3 AR327B – PLANNING 2 “LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE & DESIGN IN THE PHILIPPINES” /KAJL
10
WHO IS THE FATHER OF LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE IN THE PHILIPPINES?
years of his creative life and poured his energies to mitigating the madness of modern lives that are much too separated
If architecture is frozen music then landscape architecture is the natural theater within which it is enjoyed. Appreciation of architecture—the elegance of structures and the experience of spaces within are impossible without an external context. This is especially true given our island heritage and cultural affinity for the tropical outdoors. It is this lack of coherent physical settings that is a major deficiency that prevents Filipinos from enjoying Philippine architecture, and that impedes Philippine architecture from evolving fully. That situation is beginning to change. ILDEFONSO P. SANTOS
In the last forty years or so, the art of landscape architecture, through its practitioners, have labored to offer correctives to the blight of our modern urban and rural realities. Grand gardens for the elite and the privileged were the first products of modern landscape architectural design but the art of molding the landscape to enhance lives and lifestyles soon moved to address more public needs. The refreshing gardens of a revived Paco Park, the varied views of the Nayong Pilipino, special gardens at the Luneta and sculpture-filled outdoor malls at the Ayala commercial center were all welcome amenities that set a new standard for designed outdoor space in the country.
PACO PARK
The artist responsible for all these was Ildefonso P. Santos Jr. For this pioneering work he is acknowledged by his peers as the “Father Of Modern Philippine Landscape Architecture.” Santos has dedicated the last forty-five
4 AR327B – PLANNING 2 “LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE & DESIGN IN THE PHILIPPINES” /KAJL
10
from nature. IP (as he is known to those in the design fields) has designed hundreds of parks, gardens, plazas, courtyards, memorial parks, recreation and leisure facilities, resorts, hotel grounds, campuses, streetscapes and cityscapes that have contributed to improving the lives of Filipinos.
Santos also helped establish the first university programs in landscape architecture, as well as the Philippine Association of Landscape Architects.
His creations have been enjoyed as well by Malaysians, Singaporeans, Chinese, Vietnamese, Saudi Arabians, Indonesians and even Americans, in numerous key cities and destinations in the world. He is one of the few Filipino designers who have a body of built and acknowledged work overseas.
Santos graduated from the University of Santo Tomas in 1954 with a degree in the field of architecture. He then pursued a second degree in Architecture, as well as a Master of Architecture degree at the University of Southern California School of Architecture.
UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE.
Santos made his first mark with the Makati Commercial Center. Here Santos introduced a new concept of outdoor shopping with landscaped walks, fountains and sculpture as accents. Malls were still oriented to the open air (a trend which is coming back now) but downtown shopping had the disadvantage of noise and pollution.
5 AR327B – PLANNING 2 “LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE & DESIGN IN THE PHILIPPINES” /KAJL
10
MAKATI COMMERCIAL CEN
Another innovative landscape typology that IP introduced was the picturesque memorial parks. The Puyats were the client and the resulting Loyola Memorial Gardens and Parks became a chain of sought-after memorial gardens that today still set the standard.
IP Santos’ contribution in this first decade of modern Filipino landscape architecture was not limited to private residences and developments. His seminal public landscape was the Paco Park. In the mid-60s the Paco Cemetery, a Spanish-era heritage site had deteriorated to a flood-prone unkempt corner of old Manila.
Santos’ landscape designs graced the grounds of a string of modern hotels in Manila from the Hotel Intercontinental Manila in Makati in 1969 to the grand dame Manila hotel to five more hotels built for the 1975 IMF-World Bank meeting. This included the Manila Peninsula Hotel, the Manila Mandarin Hotel and the Hotel Nikko Manila, all in Makati, along with the Sheraton Manila and the Westin Philippine Plaza. Santos’s design for the huge free-form Westin Plaza became the poster for the hotel for the next decade and reflected the hubris of that “smiling Philippines” period.
Back in Manila the 80s brought a slight slowdown in work but IP Santos kept busy with teaching. He had helped set up the first undergraduate program in Landscape Architecture at the University of the Philippines in 1975. He kept this going while expanding the program to a Masters program in Tropical Landscape Architecture. In this decade he continues his overseas work with the Gulf Hotel in Bahrain, the Taiwan Golf & Country Club in Taipei and the Chung Kiaw Bank HQ in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
LOYOLA MEMORIAL GARDEN
PACO PARK
6 AR327B – PLANNING 2 “LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE & DESIGN IN THE PHILIPPINES” /KAJL
10
THE GULF HOTEL IN BAHRAIN
The 1990s saw the resurgence of real estate and more opportunities for distinctive landscape design. In this decade he designed the interior plantscaping of the Asia World Hyatt Taipei, the raised gardens of the New World Hotel in Makati, the Artists Village and the Light & Sound Tableau (Rizal’s Execution) at the Rizal Park, the Taicheung Housing Complex in Taiwan, the NAIA Centennial Terminal II, and the New World Hotel in Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam 1996.
In this decade Santos also tackled even larger leisure projects exemplified by the immensely popular Tagaytay Highlands Resort, the well-laid out and picturesque Mt. Malarayat Golf and Country Club in Lipa, Batangas and the colourful Orchard Golf and Country Club in Imus, Cavite.
Even at the turn of the century and at the three decade mark, Santos did not let up in his mission to create appropriate settings for modern lives. He worked on the Dumaguete Golf and Country Club in Negros Oriental, the Makiling Hills project in Laguna, the Pioneer Highlands Complex in Pasig and the Metropolis Green complex in Cavite. He continuous work on these and a dozen other projects to this day.
IP developed a tropical landscape architecture style that made use of endemic plant materials, local stone, arts and crafts, metalwork all in a “studied casualness” that made it distinct from hard and cold western design. IP also added soul to his creations by providing lyrical settings for the sculptural work of National Artists Napoleon Abueva and Arturo Luz along with a veritable who’s who of Philippine sculpture namely Castrillo, Orlina, Caedo, Saprid, Fernandez and a host of others.
THE ORCHARD GOLF AND COUNTRY CLUB
THE DUMAGUETE GOLF AND COUNTRY CLUB IN NEGROS ORIENTAL
7 AR327B – PLANNING 2 “LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE & DESIGN IN THE PHILIPPINES” /KAJL
10
all of whom would do well to emulate his ion and help him continue his good work. Our collective physical, mental and creative wellbeing would benefit immensely if only, as IP teaches us, we learn to live, work and build in harmony with nature.
THE METROPOLIS GREEN COMPLEX IN CAVITE.
Ildefonso P. Santos, a consummate artist himself, deserves a long overdue salute. The artistry of a man is made more notable because he works in the most difficult medium—nature: God’s earth, plants, shrubs and trees. Santos has moulded organic material, man-made concrete and steel, as well as shaped the land itself, to create special places— settings for myriad uses and a source of unending enjoyment for countless s.
Beauty can recover order from chaos. Our dysfunctional cities and discordant lives can benefit from ordering created by an acknowledgement of the importance of parks, trees and landscaped settings. Such amenities can only be planned, constructed and maintained in the context of reconfigured priorities in the way we shape our surroundings as well as how we steward our natural as well as our cultural resources.
IP Santos has stewarded, not only the land but also a profession, and two generations of landscape architects;
“A beautiful environment is necessary if only to buoy up the sagging spirits and offer hope for the future. The alternative is to invite irreparable destruction of mind and spirit and a complete loss of morale. For it is …accepted that ugliness and discord of any sort disturbs … creates tension, and leaves an uncontrollable depressing effect on an individual, usually without his being aware of it. This is why I feel that it is so important to surround people with beauty.” - Ildefonso P. Santos
8 AR327B – PLANNING 2 “LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE & DESIGN IN THE PHILIPPINES” /KAJL
10
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GLOSSARY
AMENITIES - a desirable or useful feature or facility of a building or place.
ARCHITECTURE FIRM - is a company which specializes in providing architectural services to clients. Such firms typically hire architects along with staff who help the architects do their jobs, and they may be part of a larger company which handles many aspects of the design and construction process, from contracting to interior decorating.
CIVIC SPACES - are an extension of the community. When they work well, they serve as a stage for our public lives.
CRISIS - is any event that is, or is expected to lead to, an unstable and dangerous situation affecting an individual, group, community, or whole society.
CULTURAL - relating to the ideas, customs, and social behavior of a society.
DEVELOPMENT - The process of economic and social transformation that is based on complex cultural and environmental factors and their interactions.
ECONOMICS - is a social science concerned with the factors that determine the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services.
ELITE - is a term that originates from Latin eligere. In political and sociological theory for a small group of powerful people that controls a disproportionate amount of wealth, privilege or political power in a society.
GREENFIELD - was originally used in construction and development to reference land that has never been used (e.g. green or new), where there was no need to demolish or rebuild any existing structures.
SUSTAINABILITY (from sustain and ability) is the property of biological systems to remain diverse and productive indefinitely. Long-lived and healthy wetlands and forests are examples of sustainable biological systems. In more general , sustainability is the endurance of systems and processes. The organizing principle for sustainability is sustainable development, which includes the four interconnected domains: ecology, economics, politics and culture.
10 AR327B – PLANNING 2 “LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE & DESIGN IN THE PHILIPPINES” /KAJL
10
BIBLIOGRAPHY
https://joeybalgos.wordpress.com/2010/07/02/philippine-landscape-architecture-for-2000-2010/ http://www.rappler.com/life-and-style/arts-and-culture/49277-national-artist-ildefonso-santos-jr-esaway https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ildefonso_P._Santos_Jr. https://joeybalgos.wordpress.com/tag/designer-green-issue/ http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-an-architecture-firm.htm http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/G/greenfield.html http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/development.html
11 AR327B – PLANNING 2 “LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE & DESIGN IN THE PHILIPPINES” /KAJL
10
The first decade of the new millennium has brought both a few triumphs and major setbacks for landscape architecture and its professional practice in the Philippines. The decade started on a low, as the Asian financial crisis brought property development to a standstill. It ended on a high as recovery was strong despite the worldwide economic glitch in 2006-2008. Local practitioners are optimistic but only if major issues are dealt with.
The last ten years has seen increased hip in the Philippine Association of Landscape Architects. There are now 225 from 125. The profession is now also fully regulated with a strengthened law (Republic Act 9053). Professionals must be Filipinos and must and maintain a valid license to practice.
Within the past decade, the number of universities offering courses in landscape architecture has increased to three from the lone institution- the University of the Philippines. Degrees in landscape architecture are now offered north of Manila at the Bulacan State University, and south of Manila in Cebu province, at the University of San Carlos. The degree programs in both new sites are headed and staffed by graduates of the University of the Philippines and by a Filipino graduate of the Harvard Graduate School of Design (in the case of Cebu).
1 AR327B – PLANNING 2 “LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE & DESIGN IN THE PHILIPPINES” /KAJL
10
WHEN DID LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE STARTED IN THE PHILIPPINES?
Landscape architecture got a major boost in 2006 with the naming of veteran landscape architect I.P. Santos (a former IFLA official) as a National Artist in Architecture and Allied Arts. This is the highest honor bestowed on the country’s creative geniuses. Santos’ award put landscape architecture in the spotlight and has reaped benefits for the profession and its practitioners.
This increased awareness of the profession has led to more project opportunities for Filipino landscape architects and firms.
Development has boomed in Manila and other regions all through the decade, except for a slight slowdown in 20062008. Greenfield and brown field developments abound. Inner city redevelopment projects, with higher density mixed-use complexes, all with landscaped podiums or amenity floors, have been the main sources of work for many practitioners.
Government too, at the local and regional levels, has been receptive to the need for landscape architecture in the design of infrastructure and civic spaces.
[But despite this,] the scenario has not been completely positive for Filipino landscape architects. Despite competent education and extensive experience [of local professionals], many local clients turned to foreign landscape architecture firms for their major projects.
2 AR327B – PLANNING 2 “LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE & DESIGN IN THE PHILIPPINES” /KAJL
10
Many of these foreign firms offer planning, urban design and landscape architecture up to design development stage. Locals are often called in late in the process and given directives to ‘just follow’ the schemes prepared by these foreign firms. What is discovered in a good number of these designs is that the local cultural use of spaces is unknown or misunderstood, token nods to local aesthetics are made, usually by lifting patterns from local sourcebooks but without understanding the context of the Philippines and its multi-cultural ethnicity. Manila and many other regional centers of growth are seeing copies of landscapes imported almost wholly from abroad. The results are borrowed landscapes with no cultural specificity or real sense of place.
Philippine landscape architecture and Filipino landscape architects are not averse to ideas from other shores. In cases allowed by local laws, collaborative work is welcome. What Filipino practitioners want to express to fellow professionals in other countries, and whose associations are of IFLA is that we prefer to work in an environment of mutual professional respect.
TAGAYTAY HIGHLANDS GOLF AND COUNTRY CLUB
TAGAYTAY HIGHLANDS COUNTRY CLUB
Filipino landscape architects work within legal and professional firms overseas because of their creativity and dedication to their work. Many come home wanting to those still here, and hoping to help evolve local landscape architecture. They, we, hope, to design Filipino landscapes for Filipinos—the green spaces and settings for modern private and communal lives, landscapes that are global in outlook, sustainable in growth, but proudly local in cultural flavor and soul.
3 AR327B – PLANNING 2 “LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE & DESIGN IN THE PHILIPPINES” /KAJL
10
WHO IS THE FATHER OF LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE IN THE PHILIPPINES?
years of his creative life and poured his energies to mitigating the madness of modern lives that are much too separated
If architecture is frozen music then landscape architecture is the natural theater within which it is enjoyed. Appreciation of architecture—the elegance of structures and the experience of spaces within are impossible without an external context. This is especially true given our island heritage and cultural affinity for the tropical outdoors. It is this lack of coherent physical settings that is a major deficiency that prevents Filipinos from enjoying Philippine architecture, and that impedes Philippine architecture from evolving fully. That situation is beginning to change. ILDEFONSO P. SANTOS
In the last forty years or so, the art of landscape architecture, through its practitioners, have labored to offer correctives to the blight of our modern urban and rural realities. Grand gardens for the elite and the privileged were the first products of modern landscape architectural design but the art of molding the landscape to enhance lives and lifestyles soon moved to address more public needs. The refreshing gardens of a revived Paco Park, the varied views of the Nayong Pilipino, special gardens at the Luneta and sculpture-filled outdoor malls at the Ayala commercial center were all welcome amenities that set a new standard for designed outdoor space in the country.
PACO PARK
The artist responsible for all these was Ildefonso P. Santos Jr. For this pioneering work he is acknowledged by his peers as the “Father Of Modern Philippine Landscape Architecture.” Santos has dedicated the last forty-five
4 AR327B – PLANNING 2 “LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE & DESIGN IN THE PHILIPPINES” /KAJL
10
from nature. IP (as he is known to those in the design fields) has designed hundreds of parks, gardens, plazas, courtyards, memorial parks, recreation and leisure facilities, resorts, hotel grounds, campuses, streetscapes and cityscapes that have contributed to improving the lives of Filipinos.
Santos also helped establish the first university programs in landscape architecture, as well as the Philippine Association of Landscape Architects.
His creations have been enjoyed as well by Malaysians, Singaporeans, Chinese, Vietnamese, Saudi Arabians, Indonesians and even Americans, in numerous key cities and destinations in the world. He is one of the few Filipino designers who have a body of built and acknowledged work overseas.
Santos graduated from the University of Santo Tomas in 1954 with a degree in the field of architecture. He then pursued a second degree in Architecture, as well as a Master of Architecture degree at the University of Southern California School of Architecture.
UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE.
Santos made his first mark with the Makati Commercial Center. Here Santos introduced a new concept of outdoor shopping with landscaped walks, fountains and sculpture as accents. Malls were still oriented to the open air (a trend which is coming back now) but downtown shopping had the disadvantage of noise and pollution.
5 AR327B – PLANNING 2 “LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE & DESIGN IN THE PHILIPPINES” /KAJL
10
MAKATI COMMERCIAL CEN
Another innovative landscape typology that IP introduced was the picturesque memorial parks. The Puyats were the client and the resulting Loyola Memorial Gardens and Parks became a chain of sought-after memorial gardens that today still set the standard.
IP Santos’ contribution in this first decade of modern Filipino landscape architecture was not limited to private residences and developments. His seminal public landscape was the Paco Park. In the mid-60s the Paco Cemetery, a Spanish-era heritage site had deteriorated to a flood-prone unkempt corner of old Manila.
Santos’ landscape designs graced the grounds of a string of modern hotels in Manila from the Hotel Intercontinental Manila in Makati in 1969 to the grand dame Manila hotel to five more hotels built for the 1975 IMF-World Bank meeting. This included the Manila Peninsula Hotel, the Manila Mandarin Hotel and the Hotel Nikko Manila, all in Makati, along with the Sheraton Manila and the Westin Philippine Plaza. Santos’s design for the huge free-form Westin Plaza became the poster for the hotel for the next decade and reflected the hubris of that “smiling Philippines” period.
Back in Manila the 80s brought a slight slowdown in work but IP Santos kept busy with teaching. He had helped set up the first undergraduate program in Landscape Architecture at the University of the Philippines in 1975. He kept this going while expanding the program to a Masters program in Tropical Landscape Architecture. In this decade he continues his overseas work with the Gulf Hotel in Bahrain, the Taiwan Golf & Country Club in Taipei and the Chung Kiaw Bank HQ in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
LOYOLA MEMORIAL GARDEN
PACO PARK
6 AR327B – PLANNING 2 “LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE & DESIGN IN THE PHILIPPINES” /KAJL
10
THE GULF HOTEL IN BAHRAIN
The 1990s saw the resurgence of real estate and more opportunities for distinctive landscape design. In this decade he designed the interior plantscaping of the Asia World Hyatt Taipei, the raised gardens of the New World Hotel in Makati, the Artists Village and the Light & Sound Tableau (Rizal’s Execution) at the Rizal Park, the Taicheung Housing Complex in Taiwan, the NAIA Centennial Terminal II, and the New World Hotel in Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam 1996.
In this decade Santos also tackled even larger leisure projects exemplified by the immensely popular Tagaytay Highlands Resort, the well-laid out and picturesque Mt. Malarayat Golf and Country Club in Lipa, Batangas and the colourful Orchard Golf and Country Club in Imus, Cavite.
Even at the turn of the century and at the three decade mark, Santos did not let up in his mission to create appropriate settings for modern lives. He worked on the Dumaguete Golf and Country Club in Negros Oriental, the Makiling Hills project in Laguna, the Pioneer Highlands Complex in Pasig and the Metropolis Green complex in Cavite. He continuous work on these and a dozen other projects to this day.
IP developed a tropical landscape architecture style that made use of endemic plant materials, local stone, arts and crafts, metalwork all in a “studied casualness” that made it distinct from hard and cold western design. IP also added soul to his creations by providing lyrical settings for the sculptural work of National Artists Napoleon Abueva and Arturo Luz along with a veritable who’s who of Philippine sculpture namely Castrillo, Orlina, Caedo, Saprid, Fernandez and a host of others.
THE ORCHARD GOLF AND COUNTRY CLUB
THE DUMAGUETE GOLF AND COUNTRY CLUB IN NEGROS ORIENTAL
7 AR327B – PLANNING 2 “LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE & DESIGN IN THE PHILIPPINES” /KAJL
10
all of whom would do well to emulate his ion and help him continue his good work. Our collective physical, mental and creative wellbeing would benefit immensely if only, as IP teaches us, we learn to live, work and build in harmony with nature.
THE METROPOLIS GREEN COMPLEX IN CAVITE.
Ildefonso P. Santos, a consummate artist himself, deserves a long overdue salute. The artistry of a man is made more notable because he works in the most difficult medium—nature: God’s earth, plants, shrubs and trees. Santos has moulded organic material, man-made concrete and steel, as well as shaped the land itself, to create special places— settings for myriad uses and a source of unending enjoyment for countless s.
Beauty can recover order from chaos. Our dysfunctional cities and discordant lives can benefit from ordering created by an acknowledgement of the importance of parks, trees and landscaped settings. Such amenities can only be planned, constructed and maintained in the context of reconfigured priorities in the way we shape our surroundings as well as how we steward our natural as well as our cultural resources.
IP Santos has stewarded, not only the land but also a profession, and two generations of landscape architects;
“A beautiful environment is necessary if only to buoy up the sagging spirits and offer hope for the future. The alternative is to invite irreparable destruction of mind and spirit and a complete loss of morale. For it is …accepted that ugliness and discord of any sort disturbs … creates tension, and leaves an uncontrollable depressing effect on an individual, usually without his being aware of it. This is why I feel that it is so important to surround people with beauty.” - Ildefonso P. Santos
8 AR327B – PLANNING 2 “LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE & DESIGN IN THE PHILIPPINES” /KAJL
10
9 AR327B – PLANNING 2 “LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE & DESIGN IN THE PHILIPPINES” /KAJL
10
GLOSSARY
AMENITIES - a desirable or useful feature or facility of a building or place.
ARCHITECTURE FIRM - is a company which specializes in providing architectural services to clients. Such firms typically hire architects along with staff who help the architects do their jobs, and they may be part of a larger company which handles many aspects of the design and construction process, from contracting to interior decorating.
CIVIC SPACES - are an extension of the community. When they work well, they serve as a stage for our public lives.
CRISIS - is any event that is, or is expected to lead to, an unstable and dangerous situation affecting an individual, group, community, or whole society.
CULTURAL - relating to the ideas, customs, and social behavior of a society.
DEVELOPMENT - The process of economic and social transformation that is based on complex cultural and environmental factors and their interactions.
ECONOMICS - is a social science concerned with the factors that determine the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services.
ELITE - is a term that originates from Latin eligere. In political and sociological theory for a small group of powerful people that controls a disproportionate amount of wealth, privilege or political power in a society.
GREENFIELD - was originally used in construction and development to reference land that has never been used (e.g. green or new), where there was no need to demolish or rebuild any existing structures.
SUSTAINABILITY (from sustain and ability) is the property of biological systems to remain diverse and productive indefinitely. Long-lived and healthy wetlands and forests are examples of sustainable biological systems. In more general , sustainability is the endurance of systems and processes. The organizing principle for sustainability is sustainable development, which includes the four interconnected domains: ecology, economics, politics and culture.
10 AR327B – PLANNING 2 “LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE & DESIGN IN THE PHILIPPINES” /KAJL
10
BIBLIOGRAPHY
https://joeybalgos.wordpress.com/2010/07/02/philippine-landscape-architecture-for-2000-2010/ http://www.rappler.com/life-and-style/arts-and-culture/49277-national-artist-ildefonso-santos-jr-esaway https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ildefonso_P._Santos_Jr. https://joeybalgos.wordpress.com/tag/designer-green-issue/ http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-an-architecture-firm.htm http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/G/greenfield.html http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/development.html
11 AR327B – PLANNING 2 “LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE & DESIGN IN THE PHILIPPINES” /KAJL
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