Philippine History, Its Roots And Development 5i1163
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PHILIPPINE HISTORY Its Roots and Development
Ano ang HISTORY/ KASAYSAYAN?
1.
1.
Chronological written record of the past 2 uri Tradisyunal • Nakasulat – document-based • Tungkol sa Politika lamang Makabago • Artifacts, fossils, etc • Oral / local history
I. PREHISTORY 1.
LANDBRIDGE THEORY A land bridge is an isthmus or some other land-based connection between two otherwise disconnected islands or continents lupang lumitaw noong panahon ng Pleistocene o matinding paglamig Hal: Berring Land bridge (sinasabing nag-ugnay sa Asia at America)
SUNDA LAND
Implikasyon sa Pilipinas ng Sundaland: • Tayo ay sinasabing bahagi noon pa man ng mainland Asia Taiwan route Borneo route
WALLACE LINE
a deep sea channel in central Indonesia that separates the fauna of west Indonesia (which is more Asian) from east Indonesia (more Australian). From the east side of the Wallace Line, these people reached New Guinea and Australia, which were also connected by land bridges
2. VOLCANIC THEORY February 1976, Dr. Fritjof Voss, a German scientist who studied the geology of the Philippines, questioned the validity of this theory of land bridges. scientific studies done on the earth’s crust from 1964 to 1967 showed that the 35kilometer-thick crust underneath China does not reach the Philippines.
PACIFIC RING OF FIRE
MGA SINAUNANG TAO 1.
TABON MAN Natagpuan sa Tabon cave, Palawan Homo sapiens 22-25.000 BP Malamang ay babae
Palawan map
TABON CAVE, PALAWAN
2. Homo Erectus
Cagayan Valley No fossil but Paleolithic tools and Pleistocene fauna 750,000 years
Stone tools
5000 - 2000 B.C. Mindanao island, Southern Philippines This piece is an excellent example of a highly retouched flake tool. Found only in the Guri Cave of Lipuun Point, Palawan, central Philippines, this piece is a transitory tool type that breached the Paleolithic and Neolithic periods. Source: www.AyalaMuseum.org
AUSTRONESIANS
Grupo ng mga taong sinasabing pinagmulan ng mga taong nag-populate sa mga lugar sa SEA, mga isla sa Pasipiko at isla ng Madagascar sa Aprika nagmula sa Indo-China Patunay ang pagkakahawig ng mga wika at kultura sa mga lugar na nabanggit sa itaas
II. PRE-COLONIAL BARANGAY
mula sa salitang
BALANGHAY
BARANGAY
Mula sa salitang balanghay o sasakyang pandagat Pinamumunuan ng isang lider na kung tawagin ay datu, rajah, lakan,atbp. Binubuo ng 30-100 pamilya
I. PULITIKA
DATU • Pinuno na pinupili ayon sa mga ss na pamantayan: wisdom Katapangan Kayamanan Karisma namamana - Visayas
• may tungkulin na pangalagaan ang kanyang nasasakupan •Executive •Legislative •Judicial
Privileges •Services •Agricultural produce •Respect
Staff: (based on Visayan society) • Atubang sa Datu – chief minister • Paragahin – collected and recorded tribute and crops • Bilanggo – sheriff or constable • Paratawag – town crier
EKONOMIYA
Stages of Society 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Hunting and Gathering – nomads Agriculture – Horticulture, intensive agriculture Trade and Commerce – domestic and Foreign Industry Urbanization
Trade and Commerce • Barter system • Mediums of exchange: rice, salt and gold tahil
Domestic Trade: inter-barangay, inter-island Staple food crops Thread, cloth and clothing
International Trade: Atlantic to the Pacific
Industry 1. Ironworking 2. Woodworking 3. Boatbuilding 4. Pottery 5. Gold working 6. Weaving
SOCIO-CULTURAL 1. 2.
3.
TAGALOG SOCIETY Maginoo and Datu Timawa and Maharlika Alipin Namamahay Sa gigilid
1. 2. 3.
VISAYAN SOCIETY Datu Timawa Oripun
1.
Maginoo / Datu Tagalog aristocracy or upper class who could claim noble descent Family of ruling class
1.
Timawa
Non-slave followers of datu Originally were the illegitimate offspring of datu/maginoo
Maharlika – technically less free than timawa
Bontoc tattoo Bontoc Igorot chaklag, ca. 1900. His facial markings indicate his status as a warrior of the highest rank.
Visayan Pintados, Boxer Codex
William Dampier, Giolo A New Voyage Round the World, 1697
3. Alipin Namamahay Sa gigilid • Namamana • Nahuli sa digmaan • Pagkakautang • Parusa
RELIGION 1. 2.
Animism Islam • • • • •
Bathala Diwata Anito Likha/Larawan Babaylan/Katalonan
Death and Burial
Pag-uli • Graveyards outside the village limits, near upstream rivers or seacoasts • Caves • Small islands – Homonhon
Afterlife • Manunggul jar • For adults • Babies –reincarnated 9 times
Manunggul jar, found in Palawan
Secondary Burial jar with cover
2200 B.C. to A.D. 1521 Salansang, South Cotabato, Philippines Pre-historic belief systems have influenced burial practices in pre-Hispanic Philippines when reverence given to the dead was of great importance. After a certain period of time, the remains of the deceased are exhumed, cleaned, and stored in such vessels. It was likely only the wealthy who could undergo secondary burials because the accompanying ceremonies were lavish.
In the absence of written records, these urns are valuable testimonies to how society functioned then-their hierarchy, what they valued as commodities, and what they traded, among other practices. While most burial jars found in the Philippines are made of fired clay, these urns are carved from limestone, which make these relatively rare specimens.
GOLD
ca. 10th - 13th century Surigao del Sur, Philippines During pre-Hispanic times, foreign merchants traded semiprecious stones in exchange for gold manufactured in Surigao province in the southern Philippines. This 22-carat bracelet inlaid with garnet and turquoise is an excellent specimen and bears witness to the trade networks that plied Island Southeast Asia. Source: www. AyalaMuseum.org
Source: Boxer Codex
Gamelan’s traditional instrument Indonesian Embassy in Canberra
Writings
Petroglyph on the Western coast of Hawaii
An ancient Austronesian manuscript known as
Baybayin
Islam sa Mindanao
Muslim traders Missionaries Teachers Sulu: 1380, an Arab teacher, Mukdum, arrived in Sulu from the Malay peninsula to preach Islam. He built the first mosque in Simunul, Sulu. Around 1390, he was followed by Raja Baginda, a minor ruler of Menangkabaw, Sumatra.
• 1450, Abu Bakr, a Muslim scholar, came to Sulu and married Paramisuli, the daughter of Raja Baginda. After Baginda died, Abu Bakr established a sultanate form of government with himself as sultan. Islam then spread rapidly to all parts of Sulu.
Serif Kabungsuan was responsible for the spread of Islam in Mindanao. He led a force of Muslim Samals from Jahore that conquered the natives of what is now Cotabato and converted them to Islam. He also married into an influential family and founded the first sultanate of Mindanao, with himself as head. http://www.filipinoweb.com/thennow.html
Ano ang HISTORY/ KASAYSAYAN?
1.
1.
Chronological written record of the past 2 uri Tradisyunal • Nakasulat – document-based • Tungkol sa Politika lamang Makabago • Artifacts, fossils, etc • Oral / local history
I. PREHISTORY 1.
LANDBRIDGE THEORY A land bridge is an isthmus or some other land-based connection between two otherwise disconnected islands or continents lupang lumitaw noong panahon ng Pleistocene o matinding paglamig Hal: Berring Land bridge (sinasabing nag-ugnay sa Asia at America)
SUNDA LAND
Implikasyon sa Pilipinas ng Sundaland: • Tayo ay sinasabing bahagi noon pa man ng mainland Asia Taiwan route Borneo route
WALLACE LINE
a deep sea channel in central Indonesia that separates the fauna of west Indonesia (which is more Asian) from east Indonesia (more Australian). From the east side of the Wallace Line, these people reached New Guinea and Australia, which were also connected by land bridges
2. VOLCANIC THEORY February 1976, Dr. Fritjof Voss, a German scientist who studied the geology of the Philippines, questioned the validity of this theory of land bridges. scientific studies done on the earth’s crust from 1964 to 1967 showed that the 35kilometer-thick crust underneath China does not reach the Philippines.
PACIFIC RING OF FIRE
MGA SINAUNANG TAO 1.
TABON MAN Natagpuan sa Tabon cave, Palawan Homo sapiens 22-25.000 BP Malamang ay babae
Palawan map
TABON CAVE, PALAWAN
2. Homo Erectus
Cagayan Valley No fossil but Paleolithic tools and Pleistocene fauna 750,000 years
Stone tools
5000 - 2000 B.C. Mindanao island, Southern Philippines This piece is an excellent example of a highly retouched flake tool. Found only in the Guri Cave of Lipuun Point, Palawan, central Philippines, this piece is a transitory tool type that breached the Paleolithic and Neolithic periods. Source: www.AyalaMuseum.org
AUSTRONESIANS
Grupo ng mga taong sinasabing pinagmulan ng mga taong nag-populate sa mga lugar sa SEA, mga isla sa Pasipiko at isla ng Madagascar sa Aprika nagmula sa Indo-China Patunay ang pagkakahawig ng mga wika at kultura sa mga lugar na nabanggit sa itaas
II. PRE-COLONIAL BARANGAY
mula sa salitang
BALANGHAY
BARANGAY
Mula sa salitang balanghay o sasakyang pandagat Pinamumunuan ng isang lider na kung tawagin ay datu, rajah, lakan,atbp. Binubuo ng 30-100 pamilya
I. PULITIKA
DATU • Pinuno na pinupili ayon sa mga ss na pamantayan: wisdom Katapangan Kayamanan Karisma namamana - Visayas
• may tungkulin na pangalagaan ang kanyang nasasakupan •Executive •Legislative •Judicial
Privileges •Services •Agricultural produce •Respect
Staff: (based on Visayan society) • Atubang sa Datu – chief minister • Paragahin – collected and recorded tribute and crops • Bilanggo – sheriff or constable • Paratawag – town crier
EKONOMIYA
Stages of Society 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Hunting and Gathering – nomads Agriculture – Horticulture, intensive agriculture Trade and Commerce – domestic and Foreign Industry Urbanization
Trade and Commerce • Barter system • Mediums of exchange: rice, salt and gold tahil
Domestic Trade: inter-barangay, inter-island Staple food crops Thread, cloth and clothing
International Trade: Atlantic to the Pacific
Industry 1. Ironworking 2. Woodworking 3. Boatbuilding 4. Pottery 5. Gold working 6. Weaving
SOCIO-CULTURAL 1. 2.
3.
TAGALOG SOCIETY Maginoo and Datu Timawa and Maharlika Alipin Namamahay Sa gigilid
1. 2. 3.
VISAYAN SOCIETY Datu Timawa Oripun
1.
Maginoo / Datu Tagalog aristocracy or upper class who could claim noble descent Family of ruling class
1.
Timawa
Non-slave followers of datu Originally were the illegitimate offspring of datu/maginoo
Maharlika – technically less free than timawa
Bontoc tattoo Bontoc Igorot chaklag, ca. 1900. His facial markings indicate his status as a warrior of the highest rank.
Visayan Pintados, Boxer Codex
William Dampier, Giolo A New Voyage Round the World, 1697
3. Alipin Namamahay Sa gigilid • Namamana • Nahuli sa digmaan • Pagkakautang • Parusa
RELIGION 1. 2.
Animism Islam • • • • •
Bathala Diwata Anito Likha/Larawan Babaylan/Katalonan
Death and Burial
Pag-uli • Graveyards outside the village limits, near upstream rivers or seacoasts • Caves • Small islands – Homonhon
Afterlife • Manunggul jar • For adults • Babies –reincarnated 9 times
Manunggul jar, found in Palawan
Secondary Burial jar with cover
2200 B.C. to A.D. 1521 Salansang, South Cotabato, Philippines Pre-historic belief systems have influenced burial practices in pre-Hispanic Philippines when reverence given to the dead was of great importance. After a certain period of time, the remains of the deceased are exhumed, cleaned, and stored in such vessels. It was likely only the wealthy who could undergo secondary burials because the accompanying ceremonies were lavish.
In the absence of written records, these urns are valuable testimonies to how society functioned then-their hierarchy, what they valued as commodities, and what they traded, among other practices. While most burial jars found in the Philippines are made of fired clay, these urns are carved from limestone, which make these relatively rare specimens.
GOLD
ca. 10th - 13th century Surigao del Sur, Philippines During pre-Hispanic times, foreign merchants traded semiprecious stones in exchange for gold manufactured in Surigao province in the southern Philippines. This 22-carat bracelet inlaid with garnet and turquoise is an excellent specimen and bears witness to the trade networks that plied Island Southeast Asia. Source: www. AyalaMuseum.org
Source: Boxer Codex
Gamelan’s traditional instrument Indonesian Embassy in Canberra
Writings
Petroglyph on the Western coast of Hawaii
An ancient Austronesian manuscript known as
Baybayin
Islam sa Mindanao
Muslim traders Missionaries Teachers Sulu: 1380, an Arab teacher, Mukdum, arrived in Sulu from the Malay peninsula to preach Islam. He built the first mosque in Simunul, Sulu. Around 1390, he was followed by Raja Baginda, a minor ruler of Menangkabaw, Sumatra.
• 1450, Abu Bakr, a Muslim scholar, came to Sulu and married Paramisuli, the daughter of Raja Baginda. After Baginda died, Abu Bakr established a sultanate form of government with himself as sultan. Islam then spread rapidly to all parts of Sulu.
Serif Kabungsuan was responsible for the spread of Islam in Mindanao. He led a force of Muslim Samals from Jahore that conquered the natives of what is now Cotabato and converted them to Islam. He also married into an influential family and founded the first sultanate of Mindanao, with himself as head. http://www.filipinoweb.com/thennow.html
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