Parts And Its Functions Of Wind Turbine 2b1o2o

PARTS AND ITS FUNCTION OF WIND TURBINE

PARTS AND ITS FUNCTIONS OF PARTS AND ITS FUNCTIONS OF WIND TURBINE WIND TURBINE

BLADES Rotor

blades are a crucial and elementary part of a wind turbine. most rotors have three blades, a horizontal axis, and a diameter of between 40 and 90 meters. the three-blade rotor is the most efficient for power generation by large wind turbines.  the use of three rotor blades allows for a better distribution of mass, which makes rotation smoother and also provides for a "calmer" appearance.

The

rotor blades mainly consist of synthetics reinforced with fiberglass and carbon fibers. The layers are usually glued together with epoxy resin.  Wood, wood epoxy, and wood-fiber-epoxy compounds are less widely used. One of the main benefits of wooden rotor blades is that they can be recycled. Aluminum and steel alloys are heavier and suffer from material fatigue. These materials are therefore generally only used for very small wind turbines.

MATERIAL USED

TWO BASIC TYPES OF BLADES the

lifting style wind turbine blade. These are the most efficiently designed, especially for capturing energy of strong, fast winds. Some European companies actually manufacture a single blade turbine. the drag style wind turbine blade, most popularly used for water mills, as seen in the old Dutch windmills. The blades are flattened plates which catch the wind. These are poorly designed for capturing the energy of heightened winds.

HUB The

hub is the center of the rotor to which the rotor blades are attached. Cast iron or cast steel is used.

The

hub directs the energy from the rotor blades on to the generator. If the wind turbines have a gearbox, the hub is connected to the slowly rotating gearbox shaft, converting the energy from the wind into rotation energy. If the turbine has a direct drive, the hub es the energy directly on to the ring generator.

ROTOR  The

rotor is the heart of a wind turbine.  It consists of multiple rotor blades attached to a hub. The rotor converts the wind energy into a rotation.  Is a moving component of an electromagnetic system in the electric motor, electric generator, or alternator. Its rotation is due to the interaction between the windings and magnetic fields which produces a torque around the rotor's axis

NACELLE is a cover housing that houses all of the generating components in a wind turbine, including the generator, gearbox, drive train, and brake assembly.  A cover protects the components inside the nacelle. 

THE TOWER It

carries the nacelle and the rotor. Towers are made from tubular steel or steel lattice. Because wind speed increases with height, taller towers enable turbines to capture more energy and generate more electricity.

Examples; GE

1.5-megawatt model, consists of 116ft blades atop a 212-ft tower for a total height of 328 feet.  1.8-megawatt Vestas V90 from Denmark has 148-ft blades (sweeping more than 1.5 acres) on a 262-ft tower, totaling 410 feet.  the U.S. is the 2-megawatt Gamesa G87 from Spain, with 143-ft blades (just under 1.5 acres) on a 256-ft tower, totaling 399 feet. https://www.wind-watch.org/faq-size.php

GENERATOR

The wind turbine generator converts mechanical energy to electrical energy. Wind turbine generators are a bit unusual, compared to other generating units you ordinarily find attached to the electrical grid. One reason is that the generator has to work with a power source (the wind turbine rotor) which supplies very fluctuating mechanical power (torque).

GEARBOX

One

of the most important main components in the wind turbine is the gearbox. Placed between the main shaft and the generator, its task is to increase the slow rotational speed of the rotor blades to the generator rotation speed of 1000 or 1500 revolution per minutes(rpm). In this case the gearbox has always a constant and a speed increasing ratio, so that if a wind turbine has different operational speeds, it is because it has two different sized generators, each with its own different speed of rotation(or one generator with two different stator windings). http://services.free.fr/part6.html

Different System of Gears:

Spur Gears Spur gears are the most common type of gears. They have straight teeth, and are mounted on shafts. Sometimes, many spur gears are used at once to create very large gear reductions.

Helical Gears

The teeth on helical gears are cut at an angle to the face of the gear. When two teeth on a helical gear system engage, the starts at one end of the tooth and gradually spreads as the gears rotate, until the two teeth are in full engagement.

Bevel Gears

Bevel gears are useful when the direction of a shaft's rotation needs to be changed. They are usually mounted on shafts that are 90 degrees apart, but can be designed to work at other angles as well.

Spiral Bevel Gears Just like with spur gears, the solution to this problem is to curve the gear teeth. These spiral teeth engage just like helical teeth: the starts at one end of the gear and progressively spreads across the whole tooth.

Worm Gears Worm gears are used when large gear reductions are needed. It is common for worm gears to have reductions of 20:1, and even up to 300:1 or greater.

Foundation

Wind turbines, by their nature, are very tall slender structures, this can cause a number of issues when the structural design of the foundations are considered. The foundations for a conventional engineering structure are designed mainly to transfer the vertical load (dead weight) to the ground, this generally allows for a comparatively unsophisticated arrangement to be used. However, in the case of wind turbines, due to the high wind and environmental loads experienced there is a significant horizontal dynamic load that needs to be appropriately restrained.

 is

a patented, proprietary foundation to wind turbines on monopole towers. The foundation consists of a large diameter, cast-inplace annular pier (typically 14 to 16-feet in diameter and 25 to 35-feet deep). TENSIONLESS PEIR FOUNDATION



The P&H rock or pile anchor foundation is a proprietary (patent pending) foundation used to large wind turbines. The P&H anchor foundations consist of a 5-foot thick, 24-foot diameter, reinforced concrete mat (cap) ed by commonly 12 to 20, 35 to 50-feet long anchors aligned within a typical 20-foot diameter circle. Large wind turbines greater than 2 MW may require more anchors and a double row. ANCHOR DEEP FOUNDATION

Gravity foundations are used preferably in waters with a maximum depth around 30 meters, are made of precast concrete and are ballasted with sand, gravel or stones. Monopile foundations are used in water with a maximum depth around 25 meters. They are made of steel, and they are driven into the seabed for about 30 meters with a hammer (similar to the one used to build offshore platforms) Tripod is used in deeper waters (up to 35 meters). It’s made of different pieces welded together and it’s fixed to the ground with three steel piles. Jacket if used in deep waters (more than 40 meters). It is made of steel beams welded together, weighting more than 500 tons.

CONTROLLER OF WIND TURBINE

BRAKES  Slowing

and halting an 80-m-turbine rotor involves converting its kinetic energy into heat.  Rotor brakes control over speed, and provide parking and emergency braking. These brakes can mount on the rotor or low-speed shaft, on the generator (high-speed shaft), and both shafts in some cases.

Yaw System The Yaw system of wind turbines is the component responsible for the orientation of the wind turbine rotor towards the wind.

Schematic

representation of the main wind turbine components. The yaw system is located between the wind turbine nacelle and tower.