Oil And Gas Abbreviator.pdf 4m1q4z

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D &D S TANDARD OIL

&

GAS ABBREVIATOR

S TANDARD OIL & GAS ABBREVIATOR

F IFTH E DITION

U NIVERSAL CONVERSION FACTORS &

UNIVERSAL CONVERSION FACTORS S TRATIGRAPHIC NOMENCLATURE FOR

MICHIGAN

SEARCH HOW TO USE THIS CD HELP PENNWELL STORE PENNWELL.COM US

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D &D STANDARD OIL & GAS ABBREVIATOR F IFTH E DITION

Compiled by the Association of Desk and Derrick Clubs

BACK

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Copyright © 1973, 1986, 1994, 2001 by PennWell Corporation 1421 South Sheridan/P.O. Box 1260 Tulsa, Oklahoma 74112 1-800-752-9764 [email protected] www.pennwell.com www.pennwell-store.com

Managing Editor: Marla M. Patterson Designed by Amy Spehar

Library of Congress-Catag-in-Publication Data pending

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transcribed in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, without the prior written permission of the publisher.

Printed in the United States of America 04

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C ONTENTS Prefaces Fifth Edition Fourth Edition Third Edition Second Edition First Edition

What is D&D? Abbreviations with Definitions Definitions with Abbreviations Abbreviations for Logging Tools and Services Baker Atlas Wireline Services Schlumberger Well Services Halliburton Log Service (HAL) Log Heading Nomenclature Miscellaneous

Federal Environmental Acronyms Pipe Coating Terminology and Definitions Mnemonics Service Names Computational Products

Abbreviations for Companies, Associations, and Organizations U. S. and Canada Outside U. S. and Canada

Miscellaneous Information and Symbols Common Oilfield Spellings API map Symbols Mathematical symbols and signs Greek Alphabet Frequently Cited Chemicals and Abbreviations System Equivalents Metric-English Conversions Basic Conversion Factors

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PREFACE TO THE FIFTH EDITION The D&D Standard Oil Abbreviator is still a viable tool used by various individuals in the energy industries. New information has been added to this edition consistent to industry reports and writings. New features for this edition include the full-color Michigan Stratigraphic Chart, and a fully electronic version of the D&D Abbreviator with the addition of Stephen Gerolde’s Universal Conversion Factors on CD. When the need for a fifth edition was announced, of Desk and Derrick were asked to contribute any new changes, additions, and deletions. As usual, the came through. I want to especially thank Elizabeth Dudley, Aramco Services Company; Dee Jansen, Stratland Exploration Company; Ellen Montgomery Coon, Great Lakes Directional Drilling; Mark Wollensack, Michigan Basin Geological Society and The Tulsa Geological Society for their input into this edition. In this, the 50th anniversary of the founding of Desk & Derrick, we are proud to still be associated with such a publication as the D&D Standard Oil Abbreviator and proud to be a vital part of the Energy Industry. —Audrey M. Renegar

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PREFACE TO THE FOURTH EDITION The D&D Standard Oil Abbreviator is an indispensable tool in the oil, gas, and energy industries. Information included in this book has made writing tasks within energy and its related industries simpler, and has through the years added consistency to industry reports. The need for a fourth revision of this publication was announced in 1991. Immediately, all of the Desk and Derrick Association were asked to contribute changes, additions, and/or deletions relating to their positions. Responses came not only from , but also from industry businesses updating, correcting and adding according to each circumstance. This fourth edition contains over 11,500 abbreviations and definitions used in energy-related industries. Special thanks to Toni Stevens of Western Atlas International/Atlas Wireline Services (Anchorage, AK D&D) for her help in revising that portion of the Abbreviator; to Shirley Legaux (Lafayette, LA D&D) for the addition of the Federal Environmental Acronyms; Cindy Whitton (Tulsa, OK D&D), Ken Bell (Laurel, MS), Schlumberger Well Services, Marlene Meyers (Bakersfield, CA D&D), Linda Hill (New Orleans, LA D&D), and Linda Butler (N. Harris Montgomery County, TX D&D). A very special thank you to Bettye Hatcher Miller (Bellaire, TX D&D) for her continued interest and of the D&D Abbreviator. Company names have changed. Dresser-Atlas is now ATLAS WIRELINE SERVICES, and Welex is now HALLIBURTON LOG SERVICES or HAL. Some entries may be repeated within company, miscellaneous and/or alphabetical listings; this is for the convenience of the . All are alphabetized by abbreviation and by definition. Be sure to check the table of contents for the section most likely to contain the information which you work with. Once you begin to use the Abbreviator, you will find it an indispensable tool in your daily writing. Additions to this edition include GUIDE TO FEDERAL ENVIRONMENTAL ACRONYMS, COMPUTATIONAL PRODUCTS MNEMONICS, SERVICE NAME MNEMONICS, and LOG HEADING NOMENCLATURE. Logging nomenclature standards

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have not been established; therefore, abbreviations for these tools and services are under a separate heading. The fourth edition of the D&D Standard Oil Abbreviator is an ongoing tribute to the oil, gas, and energy industries that continues to develop and employ new technology and share it with the world. Consequently, there is a need served with each new edition of the Abbreviator—that of keeping our technical and everyday writing in step with the times. As the overall energy industry continues to change in order to survive, so have we of Desk and Derrick made this effort to simplify the daily work of those in the industry. As a convenience for engineers, draftsmen, and others using this abbreviator, the back of the book contains standard map symbols through the courtesy of American Petroleum Institute, mathematical symbols, and the Greek alphabet. The Association of Desk and Derrick Clubs hopes this book will continue to fill a need in the energy industry, not only to assist the secretary and the report writer, but to familiarize all newcomers with our unique way of doing things. In this, the 45th anniversary year of the founding of Desk and Derrick, we are proud that we found a need and undertook to fill it— we hope we have successfully continued that good effort. —Jacqueline J. Brill

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PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION The D&D Standard Oil Abbreviator has become an indispensable tool within the oil and gas industry. The information it contains has made writing tasks much easier and has added uniformity. When this revision was announced, the of Desk and Derrick, as usual, came through with updated information from every aspect of the oil and gas industry. I have come to the conclusion that “we can abbreviate everything” if we put our minds to it. This third edition contains over 10,500 abbreviations and definitions for our industry. Two new sections have been added. Within the Logging Section a new grouping was added for miscellaneous . Some are in the other groups, but this section also contains additional , thus alphabetizing all logging together. A new section was added—“Pipe Coating Terminology and Definitions”—and I am sure this will be a growing addition. These abbreviations and have been mechanically alphabetized through the IBM 5520 System, which takes into symbols, i.e., hyphens, slashes, etc., and arranges the abbreviations and accordingly. Once you use the Abbreviator, you’ll appreciate the ease of using this system. I wish to thank all the of D&D who made contributions to this new edition and also those people who helped arrange this information for publication. My wish for this edition is to further carry on the hope of the first D&D Standard Oil Abbreviator—to fill a need. —Linda d’Allesandro Weatherly

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PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION The gratifying response to the first edition of the D&D Oil Abbreviator, which carried it through three printings, seemed to demand a second edition. As in all undertakings, there are changes that “would be made if we had it to do over.” So the ladies of Desk and Derrick got behind the project a second time and submitted more data, pointed out earlier typographical errors, and suggested new features for this second edition. This volume contains more abbreviations for words commonly used in the oil and gas industries than its predecessor. It also contains more abbreviations for company, association, agency, and society names. These are separated geographically, in a sense, with one list covering the U.S. and Canada and the second encoming the rest of the world. A major change is noted in the handling of logging tools and services. Because standards have not been established, and because abbreviations for these tools and services are rather complex, it was decided to contain them under a separate heading. And as a convenience for secretaries, engineers, draftsmen, and others in the industry, the back of the book contains standard map symbols through the courtesy of American Petroleum Institute, mathematical symbols, and the Greek alphabet. All in all, this second edition was designed to carry out the hope of the first—to fill a need.

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PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION This book was developed from an idea proposed by Bettye Lynn Hatcher, Monahans, Texas, when she was president of the Monahans Desk and Derrick Club. She presented the idea in a feature story in the club’s publication, “The Direct Line.” Her story described the plight of a young secretary on her first assignment with an oil company, trying to decipher the strangelooking language in a drilling report. With no “key” to unlock the mystery of this language, she was completely lost. So here is the “key”—a listing of nearly every abbreviation used in the oil and gas industry, supplied by those most familiar with this peculiar brand of shorthand—the of the Association of Desk and Derrick Clubs of North America. Contributions came from these in all geographical areas and in all branches of the industry from exploration to marketing. Every effort was made to make this first product as complete as possible, but omissions are bound to occur. Additional contributions were invited by The Oil and Gas Journal’s Book Department. For convenience, the book is divided into sections. The first two of these are the largest and give abbreviations for words or phrases. The first section shows the abbreviation followed by its definition. In the second section this order is reversed. The third section gives the American abbreviations for oil-related companies operating in countries other than the United States. This is followed by abbreviations for the many associations and societies related to the oil industry. At the outset, the reader will note that there are some abbreviations that apply to more than one word or phrase. Out of context, this seems confusing, but when used in context, these abbreviations take on a clearer meaning and are easily understood by those familiar with the industry’s everyday language. On the matter of style, the contributions came in assorted forms; all capital letters, all lower-case letters, mixed caps, and lower-case,

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etc. This is not surprising because there are no standards, to follow yet, and each secretary is her own boss in this regard. But to introduce some consistency, the editors adopted a style based on simple logic: If an abbreviation is made up of the principal letters in a word, as in bldg for building, lower-case letters are used. If an abbreviation is made up of the first letters of several words (WOC for waiting on cement), capital letters are used. And to make the abbreviations as abbreviated as possible, periods are used only when their absence could lead to confusion. It is hoped that this book fills a need in the industry, not only to help the secretarial side interpret the language, but to familiarize all newcomers to the industry with our peculiar ways of doing things.

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WHAT IS D&D ? PURPOSE: The purpose of the Association shall be to promote the education and professional development of individuals employed in or d with the petroleum, energy and allied industries. MOTTO: Greater Knowledge, Greater Service. MISSION STATEMENT: To enhance and foster a positive image to the global community by promoting the contribution of the petroleum, energy, and allied industries through education by using all resources available. HISTORY: A desire on the part of Inez Awty Schaeffer, Humble Oil and Refining Company, New Orleans, to meet other women in the Oil and Gas Industry, brought together in April, 1949 a group of women to form the first Desk and Derrick Club. The idea quickly spread to Jackson, Mississippi, Los Angeles, California, and Houston, Texas. The Association held its first annual convention in Houston, Texas in September, 1952. This history of The Association of Desk and Derrick Clubs is exceptional in that through the highs and lows of the petroleum industry, hip has fluctuated but remains strong and active. Fifty years later, we are still going strong. With the introduction of male in 1988, we, the men and women of ADDC, are continually striving to serve our purpose. The purpose of The Association is sustained through monthly meetings of educational programs, as well as seminars and field trips to industry work sites. Industry study courses and publications including Fundamentals of Petroleum, Land and Leasing, and Petroleum Geology have been developed with the University of Texas Petroleum Extension (PETEX). CED (Continuing Education Units) are earned when courses and seminars are presented by PETEX-certified instructors. : ADDC for more information at 5153 East 51st St., Suite 107, Tulsa, Oklahoma 74135 or call Mike Wiggins, ADO Manager at 918-622-1749. E-Mail address is [email protected]. The ADDC has a comprehensive website at: www.addc.org.

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Abbreviations with Definitions

A A Å A-Cem A&A A/ A/C A/CLR A/P A/R AA AAR ABC abd abd loc abd-gw abd-ow abd-ogw ABHL ABM abrsi jet abs ABS absm abst abt abun abv ac ac AC AC ac-ft ACC ACCEL ACCESS

abstract (i.e., A-10) angstrom unit acoustic cement adjustments and allowances acidized with air conditioning air cooler s payable s receivable after acidizing, as above Association of American Railroads Audit Bureau of Circulation abandoned abandoned location abandoned gas well abandoned oil well abandoned oil & gas well absolute bottom-hole location Atlas Bradford modified abrasive jet absolute acrylonitrile butadiene styrene rubber absorption abstract about abundant above acid acre(s), acreage alternating current Austin chalk acre-feet access accelerometers accessory, accessories

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR acct accum acd acfr A/CLD ACLR ACM acrg ACS ACSR ACT ACT ACT ACW AD AD ADC add addl ADH adj ADOM ADP adpt adspn ADT advan AER AF AF AF/CLR AF/COND AFC AFC AFD AFE affd afft

(ing) accumulative, accumulator acidize (ed) (ing) acid fracture treatment air cooled air cooler acid-cut mud acreage American Chemical Society aluminum conductor steel reinforced actual actuated, actuator automatic custody transfer acid-cut water actual drilling authorized depth actual drilling cost additive additional adhesive adjustable istration, istrative adomite automatic data processing adapter adsorption actual drilling time advanced aeration, aerator acid frac after fracture after cooler after condenser Authorization for Commitment Authorized for Construction auxiliary flow diagram Authorization for Expenditure affirmed affidavit

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Abbreviations with Definitions

AFIT AFP AFRA AG AGGR agim AIR AIR COND AJT AL AL Alb alc ALCOA alg alg ALIGN alk alkyl ALLOW alm ALOC alt ALT ALY amb AMI AMM amor amort AMP amp amp hr amph Amph AMR amt an anal

after federal income tax average flowing pressure average freight rate assessment agitator aggregate agglomerate average injection rate air conditioning actual jetting time aluminum artificial lift Albany alcoholic Aluminum Company of America algae along alignment (ing) alkaline, alkalinity alkylate, alkylation allowable, allowance alarm allocation alternate altitude alloy ambient area of mutual interest ammeter amorphous amortization American melting point ampere ampere hour amphipore Amphistegina addition or modification reque amount annulus analysis, analytical

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR ANC ang Angul anhy anhyd ANR ANS ANUB ANUC ANYA AOF app APPAR appd appl appl applic approx apr APR apt aq AQCR AQMA AR Ara arag Arb arch Archeo aren arg arg ark Arka arm arnd ARO ARO

Anchor (age) angle, angular Angulogerina anhydrite, anhydritic anhydrous amount not reported Alaskan North Slope annubar annunciator allowable not yet available absolute open flow potential (gas well) appears, appearance apparatus approved appliance applied application approximate (ly) apparent (ly) average penetration rate apartment aqueous air quality control region air quality maintenance area acid residue Arapahoe aragonite Arbuckle architectural Archeozoic arenaceous argillaceous argillite arkose(ic) Arkadelphia armature around after receipt of order (purchasing term) at rate of

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Abbreviations with Definitions

arom ARR AS AS AS&W ga ASA ASAP asb asbr ASD asgmt Ash ASO asph assgd assn assoc asst assy astn ASW AT AT AT ATT At at at wt ATC ATD ATF atm ATP ATP ATP ATT att atty aud

aromatics arrange (ed) (ing) (ment) after shot anhydrite stringer American Steel & Wire gauge American Standards Association as soon as possible asbestos absorber abandon-salvage deferred assignment ashern acid-soluble oil asphalt. asphaltic assigned association associate (d) (s) assistant assembly asphaltic stain adjustable spring wedge acid treat (ment) after treatment all thread after the tanks Atoka atomic atomic weight after top center approved total depth automatic transmission fluid atmosphere, atmospheric Authorization to Proceed average treating pressure average tubing pressure attach (ed) (ing) (ment) attempt(ed) attorney auditorium

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR Aus auth auto auto autogas aux AV AV av avail AVC avg avgas AW AWD AWG awtg az aztrop

Austin authorized automatic automotive automotive gasoline auxiliary annular velocity Aux Vases sand aviation available automatic volume control average aviation gasoline acid water award American Wire Gauge awaiting azimuth Azeotrophic

B B B B&B B &CB B&S B Hn B slt B. In. B. Ls B. Riv B. Bl B.E. BS&W B&B B&F

billion bulletin bell and bell beaded and center beaded bell and spigot Big Horn base of the salt Big Injun Big Lime Black River Base Blane beveled end basic sediment and water bent & bowed pipe bell and flange

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Abbreviations with Definitions

B&S B/ B/ B/B B/B B/dry B/hr B/JT B/L B/M b/off b/on B/S B/S B/S B/S B/SD B/VESS B/Vlv BA bail BAL Ball bar Bar bar BAR Bark Crk Bart base bat BAT Bate BAW BAWPD BAWPH BAWUL BB BB fraction

Brown & Sharpe (gauge) base bottom of given formation (i.e., B/Frio) back to back barrels per barrel bailed dry barrels per hour ball t bill of lading bill of material buck-off buck-on back scuttled base salt bending schedule bill of sale barrels per stream (refinery) bulk vessel ball valve barrels of acid bail (ed) balance Balltown sand barite (ic) Barlow Lime barometer, barometric barrels acid residue Barker Creek Bartlesville basement (granite) battery before acid treatment Bateman barrels acid water barrels acid water per day barrels acid water per hour barrels acid water under load bridged back butane-butene fraction

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR BBE bbl BC Bcf Bcfd BD BH BMM BD BD bd BD BD bd ft BD-MLW Bd’A BDA BDF BDL BDNG BDO BDP BDPD BDPH BDT Be Be be Bear Riv bec Beck Bel Bel C Bel F Belm Ben Ben Bent berm

bevel both ends barrel barrels of condensate billion cubic feet billion cubic feet per day barrels condensate per day barrels condensate per hour barrels condensate per million barrels of distillate blowdown board breakdown budgeted depth board foot (feet) barge deck to mean low water Bois d’ Arc breakdown acid broke (break) down formation bundle bedding barrels diesel oil breakdown pressure barrels distillate per day barrels distillate per hour blow-down test Baumé Berea box end Bear River becoming Beckwith Beldon Belle City Belle Fourche belemnites Benoist (Bethel) sand Benton bentonite berm, sloped wall to keep out flooding

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Abbreviations with Definitions

bev BF BF bf BFIT BFL BFO BFPD BFPH BFW BFW BFW BFW BH BHA BHC BHCS BHF BHFP BHL BHM BHN BHO BHP bhp bhp-hr BHPC BHPF BHPS BHSIP BHT BID SUM Big. Big. f. Big. h. Big. nod. BIN bio

bevel (ed) barrels fluid blind flange buff before federal income tax baffle barrels frac oil barrels fluid per day barrels fluid per hour bailer feed water barrels formation water barrels fresh water boiler feed water bottom hole bottom-hole assembly bottom-hole choke borehole compensated sonic Bradenhead Flange bottom-hole flowing pressure bottom-hole location bottom-hole money Brinell hardness number bottom-hole orientation bottom-hole pressure brake horsepower brake horsepower-hour bottom-hole pressure closet (see also SIBHP and BHSIP) bottom-hole pressure flowing bottom-hole pressure survey bottom-hole shutin pressure bottom-hole temperature bid summary Bigenerina Bigenerina floridana Bigenerina humblei Bigenerina nodosaria binary biotite

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR bit BKFLSH bkr BKWSH BL bl BL&AW Bl/Cb BL/JT BLC BLD BLH bld bld bld gas BLD FLG, BF bldg bldg drk bldg rds bldo bldrs BLE blg Blin blk blk Blk Lf Blk Li blk lnr BLND BLO blo BLOPD BLOPH BLOR Blos BLOTBR BLOYTR BLPD

Bitumen, bituminous back flush breaker backwash barrels load blue barrels load & acid water blast cabinet blast t barrels load condensate barrels load condensate per day barrels load condensate per hour bailed bleeding bleeding gas blind flange building building derrick building roads bleeding oil boulders bevel large end bailing Blinebry black block Black Leaf Black Lime blank liner blend (ed) (er) (ing) barrels load oil blow barrels load oil per day barrels load oil per hour barrels load oil recovered blossom barrels load oil to be recovered barrels load oil yet to recover barrels of liquid per day

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Abbreviations with Definitions

blr BLR blts BLW BLWPD BLWPH BLWR BLWTR BM BM BM BMEP BMI bmpr bn bnd bndry BNO BNW bnz BO BO BO BO BO BOCD BOCS BOD Bod BOE BOE Bol. Bol. a. Bol. flor. Bol. p. Bonne BOP BOPD BOPE

bailer boiler bullets barrels load water barrels load water per day barrels load water per hour blower barrels load water to recover barrels mud benchmark Black Magic (mud) brake mean effective pressure black malleable iron bumper brown band (ed) boundary barrels new oil barrels new water benzene backed out (off ) barrels oil blew out blocked off free-point back off barrels oil per calendar day Basal Oil Creek Sand biochemical oxygen demand Bodcaw bevel one end blowout equipment Bolivarensis Bolivina a. Bolivina floridana Bolivina perca Bonneterre blowout preventer barrels oil per day blowout preventer equipment

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR BOPH BOPPD BOS bot BP BP BP BP BP BP BP BP Mix BP/CLR BPD BPH BPLO BPLOPD BPM BPSD BPV BPWPD BR BR brach BRC brec BRFL/V brg Brid brit brk brkn brkn sd BRKR BRKS brksh brkt(s) Brn Li brnsh

barrels oil per hour barrels oil per producing day brown oil stain bottom back pressure base Pennsylvania Bearpaw boiling point bridge plug bulk plant bull plug butane and propane mix by cooler barrels per day barrels per hour barrels of pipeline oil barrels of pipeline oil per day barrels per minute barrels per stream day back-pressure valve barrels per well per day building rig building road brachiopod brace (ing) (ed) breccia butterfly valve bearing bridger brittle break (broke) broken broken sand breaker brakes brackish (water) brackets(s) brown lime brownish

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Abbreviations with Definitions

brn or br brn sh Brom brtl bry BS BS BS BS BS BS&W Bscf Bscf/d BSE BSFC BSHG BSI bskt bsl bsmt BSPL BSTR BSUW BSW BSWPD BSWPH BT BTC BTDC BTFL/V btm (d) btm chk btry BTU btw BTWLD BTX bu Buck

brown brown shale bromide brittle bryozoa ball sealers basic sediment Bone Spring bottom sediment bottom settlings bottom (basic) sediment & water billion standard cubic feet billion standard cubic feet per day bevel small end brake specific fuel consumption bushing British Standards Institution basket basal basement base plate booster black sulfur water barrels salt water barrels salt water per day barrels salt water per hour Benoist (Bethel) sand buttress thread coupling before top dead center butterfly valve bottom (ed) bottom choke battery British thermal unit between butt weld benzene toluenexylene (unit) bushel Buckner

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR Buckr Bul. text. Bull W Bum. bunr Burg butt BUZ BV BV/WLD BW BW BW BW ga BW/D Bwg BWL BWL BWOL BWPD BWPH bx BYP

buckrange Buliminella textularia Bull wagon bottom-hole pressure bomb burner Burgess buttress thread buzzer block valve beveled for welding barrels of water boiled water butt weld Birmingham (or Stubbs) iron wire gauge barrels of water per day Birmingham wire gauge barrel water load body wall loss barrels water over load barrels water per day barrels water per hour box (es) by

C C C C c C C C C C C C

&F &P &W to C to E to F

Celsius center (land description) centigrade coarse (ly) core hole cost and freight cellar & pits coat and wrap (pipe) center to center center to end center to face

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Abbreviations with Definitions

C.I.F. C.O.P. C&A C&C C&CH C&CM C&R C/ C/A C/BM C/H C/L c/o C/W CA CAB Cadd CAG cal cal CAL cal cal Calc Calc Calc calc gr cale CALIBR Camb Calv CaO Cane Riv Cany CaO CAOF cap cap Cap

cost insurance and freight completed on pump compression and absorption plant circulate & condition circulated and conditioned hole circulated and conditioned mud circulate and reciprocate contractor (i.e., C/John Doe) commission agent crawl beam cased hole center line care of complete with corrosion allowance cabinet Caddell cut across grain calcite, calcitic caliche caliper log caliper survey calorie calcareous, calcerenite calcium calculate (ed), calculation calcium-base grease calceneous calibrate, calibration cambrian Calvin calcium oxcide Cane River canyon calcium oxcide calculated absolute open flow capacitor capacity Captain

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR Car carb carb test Carm Casp CAT Cat CAT CAT cat ckr Cat Crk cath caus cav CB CB CB CB CBL CBM CBU CC CC CC CC cc C-Cal ccBU CCHF Cck CCL CCLGO CCM C C CR CCR CCR CCS

Carlile carbonaceous carbontetrachloride Carmel Casper carburetor air temperature Catahoula catalog catalyst, catalytic catalytic cracker Cat Creek cathodic caustic cavity changed (ing) bits continuous blowdown core barrel counterbalance (pumping equip.) cable (ing) Coal bed methane circulate bottoms up calcium chloride carbon copy casing cemented (depth) closed cup cubic centimeter caliper circulate bottoms up center of casinghead flange casing choke casing collar locator cat-cracked light gas oil condensate-cut mud central compressor plant critical compression pressure casing collar perforating record Conradson carbon residue critical compression ratio California Coordinate System

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Abbreviations with Definitions

CCS CCS CCU ccw CD CD CD CD PL CDB CDB CDBTF CDL CDM CDO CDP Cdr Mtn CDS cdsr Cdy cell cell CEM CEMF Ceno cent centr ceph Cert. ex. CERT CET CF CF Cf CF CFB & G CFBO cfd CFE cfg

cast carbon steel computer control system catalytic cracking unit counterclockwise calendar day cold drawn contract depth cium plate cement dump bailer common data base common data base task force cut drilling line continuous dipmeter survey certified drawing outline Central Delivery Point Cedar Mountain continuous directional service condenser Cody (Wyoming) cellar cellular Cement (ed) counter electromotive force Cenozoic centralizers centrifugal cephalopod Ceratobulimina eximia certified cement evaluation casing flange clay filled Cockfield cold finished companion flange bolt and gasket companion flanges bolted on cubic feet per day contractor furnished equipment cubic feet gas

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR cfgd cfgh CFM cu ft cu ft/bbl cu ft/min cu ft/sec cfp CFR CFR CFRC cfs CG cg cg cg CG cglt C-gr cgs CH ch ch CH CH CH OP chal CHAM Chapp CHAR Char Chatt CHD chem. chem. prod Cher Ches CHF CHG

cubic feet gas per day cubic feet gas per hour Continuous flowmeter cubic foot cubic feet per barrel cubic feet per minute cubic feet per second cubic feet per pound cement friction reducer cement friction retarder Coordinating Fuel Research Committee cubic feet per second center of gravity centigram coarse grained coring corrected gravity conglomerate, conglomeritic coarse grained centimeter-gram-second-system casinghead (gas) chert choke closed hole core hole chain operated chalcedony chamfer Chappel characteristics Charles Chattanooga shale closed hydrocarbon drain chemical, chemist, chemistry chemical products Cherokee Chester casinghead flange casinghead gas

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Abbreviations with Definitions

chng Chngd DP chrg Chim H Chim R Chin chit chk chk Chkbd chkd CHKD PL CHKV chky chl chl chl log CHLR CHMBR CHNL Chou CHP chrm chromat chrome cht cht chty Chug CI CI CI engine Cib. Cib. h. CIBP CIE Cima CIP CIP

change (ed) (ing) changed drillpipe charge (ed) (ing) Chimney Hill Chimney Rock Chinle chitin (ous) chalk choke checkerboard checked checkered plate check valve chalky chloride (s) chloritic chlorine long chlorinator chamber channel Chouteau lime casinghead pressure chairman chromatograph chromium chart chert cherty chugwater cast iron contour interval (map) compression-ignition engine Cibicides Cibicides hazzardi cast-iron bridge plug crude industrial ethanol Cimarron cement in place closed-in pressure

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR cir cir cir cir mils circ Cis ck ck Ck Mtn cksn CL cl CL Clag Claib Clarks clas CLASS Clav Clay Clay Cleve Clfk CLFR CLG CLG/TWR Cliff H CLKG CLMP cln (d) (g) Clov clr CLR CLR/TWR clrg clsd CLTR clyst

circle circuit circular circular mills circulate, circulating, circulation Cisco cake check Cook Mountain chicksan carload centiliter class Clagget Claiborne Clarksville clastic classification Clavalinoides Clayton Claytonville Cleveland Clearfork clarifier cooling cooling tower Cliff House caulking canvas-lined metal petal basket clean (ed) (ing) clovery clear, clearance cooler cooling tower clearing closed collector Claystone

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Abbreviations with Definitions

Cl2 cm cm/sec CMA CMC Cmchn CMPARTR CMPD Cmpt cmt(d)(g)(r) CN CN/BD cncn CND CNL CNR cntf cntl CNTN cntr cntr cntr CNTWT Cnty cnvr CO CO CO CO CO Co CO CO & S Co. Op. Co. Op. S.S. co-op COBOL COC Coco

chlorine centimeter centimeters per second acoustic caliper sodium carboxymethylcellulose comanchean comparator compound compact cement (ed) (ing) (er) cetane number control building concentric conduit compensated neutron log corner centrifuge control (s) containment center (d) container controller counter weight county conveyor carbon monoxide carbon oxygen circulated out clean out cleaning out, cleaned out company crude oil clean out & shoot company operated company-operated service stations cooperative Common Business-Oriented Language Cleveland open cup Coconino

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR COD Cod coef COF COG COL COL COL Col ASTM Cole Jct coll colr Com Com com Com Pk comb COMB coml comm comm comm comm commr comp comp nat compnts compr compr st compt COMPT COMPTR COMT COMUT con conc conc conc conch

chemical oxygen demand Codell coefficient calculated open flow (potential) coke oven gas collar colored column Color American Standard Test Method Coleman Junction collect (ed) (ing) (ion) collar Comanche Comatula common Comanche Peak combined, combination combustion commercial commenced commission communication community commissioner complete (ed) (tion) completed natural components compressor compressor station compartment components computer comment commutator consolidated concentrate concentric concrete conchoidal

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Abbreviations with Definitions

concl cond cond condr condt conf conf confl cong conn cono consol const const consv cont (d) contam contr contr resp contrib conv CONVT COOH coord COP coq cor Corp corr corr corr correl corres COSH COTD COTH Cott G Counc G

conclusion condensate condition (ed) (ing) conductor (pipe) conductivity confidential confirm (ed) (ing) conflict conglomerate (itic) connection conodonts consolidated constant construction conserve, conservation continue (ed) contaminated, contamination contractor contractor responsibility contribution converse convector, convection coming out of hole coordinate crude oil purchasing coquina corner corporation correct (ed) (ion) corrosion corrugated correlation correspondence hyperbolic cosine cleaned out to total depth hyperbolic cotangent Cottage Grove Council Grove

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR CO2 Colo A C ’d F G lg M O R S SI CR CR CR CR Con cr moly cr (d) (g) CRA CRA crbd CRCMF crd CRDL cren Cret crg Crin Cris crit crk crkg

carbon dioxide casing point casing pressure centipose (s) chemically pure correlation point Camp Colorado certified public ant casing pressure closed cemented through perforations casing pressure flowing cost per gallon coupling cycles per minute confirming telephone order (purchasing term) Cooper River Meridian (Alaska) cycles per second casing pressure shut in cold rolled compression ratio Cow Run carbon residue (Conradson) chrome molybdenum core (ed) (ing) cased reservoir analysis chemically retarded acid crossbedded circumference cored cradle (s) crenulated Cretaceous coring crinoid (al) Christellaria critical creek cracking

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Abbreviations with Definitions

Crkr CRN crn blk crnk Crom crs CRS CRS crs-xln CRT CRV crypto-xln cryst CS CS CS cs CSA CSCH cse gr csg CSK CSL CSL CS2 CT CT CTC ctd CTD ctg(s) CTHF Ctlmn CTM ctn Ctnwd CTO CTP

cracker crane crown block crinkled Cromwell coarse (ly) cold-rolled steel cross coarse crystalline cathode ray tube curve cryptocrystalline crystalline carbon steel casing seat cast steel centistokes casing set at hyperbolic constant coarse grained casing countersink center section line county school lands carbon disulfide cable tools cooling tower consumer tank car coated corrected total depth cuttings center of tubing flange Cattleman cable tool measurement carton Cottonwood confirming telephone order (purchasing term) cleaning to pits

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR ctr CTS CTT CTU CTW CU cu cu cm cu in. cu m cu yd CUB culv cum Cur cush CUST Cut B Cut Oil Cut Oil Act Sul dk Cut Oil Act Sul trpt Cut Oil Inact S Cut Oil Sol Cut Oil St Mrl cutbk Cutl CV CV cvg(s) CVR CVTR cw CW CW CWE CWP

center cement to surface consumer transport truck coiled tubing unit consumer tank wagon clean up cubic cubic centimeter cubic inch cubic meter cubic yard cubical culvert cumulative Curtis cushion customer cut bank cutting oil cutting oil active-sulfurized-dark cutting oil active-sulfurized-transparent cutting oil inactive-sulfurize cutting oil soluble cutting oil straight mineral cutback Cutler control valve Cotton Valley caving (s) cover convert (er) (ed) clockwise continuous weld cooling water cold water equivalent cold working pressure

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Abbreviations with Definitions

CWR CWS cwt CX Cy Sd Cyc CYC Cycl Cycl canc. cyl cyn Cyp Cz

cooling water return cooling water supplying hundredweight crossover Cypress Sand cyclamina cyclone cyclone Cyclamina cancellata cylinder canyon Cypridopsis Carrizo

D D D D D D&A D&B D&C D.I. D.O. d-d-1-s-1-e d-d-4-s d-1-s D-2 d-2-s d-4-s d/b/a D/D D/L D/O D/P D/P

day Deca development dual dry and abandoned Dun & Bradstreet drill and complete diesel index division order dressed dimension one side and one edge dressed dimension four side dressed one side Diesel No. 2 dressed two sides dressed four sides doing business as day to day density log division office differential pressure drill (ed) (ing) plug

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR D/S D/T D/T DA DA DA DAIB Dak Dan Dar DAR dat db DB DB DBA DBL DBO DBOS DC DC DC DC DC DC DC DCB DCLSP DCM DCS DCTR dd DD DD DD DD DDD DDT

data sheet driller’s top drilling tender daily allowable Dresser Atlas drift angle daily average injection barrels Dakota Dantzler Darwin discovery allowable requested darcy (darcies not abbreviated) datum decibel diamond bit drilling break depth bracket allowable double dark brown oil dark brown oil stains delayed coker development well, carbon dioxide diamond core digging cellar or digging cellar and slush pits direct current drill collar dually completed diamond core bit digging slush pits distillate-cut mud distributed control system detector dead degree day deviation degrees drilling deeper dyna-drilling dry desiccant dehydrator dichloro diphenyltrichloroethane

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Abbreviations with Definitions

DE DEA DEA unit Deadw deaer deasph debutzr dec decl decr deethzr defl Deg deg deisobut Del R Dela delv delv pt demur dend DENL depl Depr deprop dept Des Crk Des M desalt desc desorb desulf det det deterg detr dev Dev devel

double end diethanolamine diethanolamine unit Deadwood deaerator deasphalting debutanizer decimal decline decrease (ed) (ing) deethanizer deflection Degonia degree (s) deisobutanizer Del Rio Delaware delivery (ed) (ability) delivery point demurrage dendrite (ic) density log depletion depreciation depropanizer department Desert Creek Des Moines deslater description desorbent desulfurizer detail (s) detector detergent detrital deviate, deviation Devonian develop (ed) (ment)

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR dewax Dext DF DF DF DFE DFO DFP DFT dg DG DG DG DGA DGTL DH DH DHC DHC DHDD DHDS DHM DHR DHV dia diag diag diaph dichlor diethyl diff DIFL dilut dim dim Din dir dir drlg dir sur

dewaxing Dexter derrick floor diesel fuel drill floor derrick floor elevation datum faulted out date of first production dry film thickness decigram development gas well draft gauge dry gas diglycolamine digital development well, helium double hub dry-hole contribution dry hole cost dry hole drilled deeper diesel hydrogen desulfurization dry-hole money dry hole reentered deemed heating value diameter diagonal diagram diaphragm dichloride diethylene different (ial) (ence) dual injection focus log diluted dimension diminish (ing) Dinwoody direct (tion) (tor) directional drilling directional survey

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Abbreviations with Definitions

Disc disc disc Disc. grav. Disc. norm. Disc. y. disch dism disman displ dist dist dist distr div dk Dk Crk dl DL DLC dlr DLS DLT DM dm DM DM DM dml DMPD dmpr DMS dm dm/s dn dns DO DO do

Discorbis discount discover (ed) (ing) (ion) Discorbis gravelli Discorbis normada Discorbis yeguaensis discharge disseminated dismantle displaced, displacement distance distillate, distillation district distribute (ed) (ing) (ion) division dark Duck Creek deciliter drilling line dual lower tubing dealer dogleg severity dual lower tubing datum decimeter demand meter dipmeter drilling mud demolition dumped damper dimethyl sulfide cubic decimeter cubic decimeter per second down dense development oil development oil well ditto

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR DO DOBLDG DOC Doc doc DOC doc-tr DOCREQ DOD DOE dolo dolst dom dom AL DOM WTR DOP Dorn H Doth Doug doz DP DP DP DP DP SW DPDB DPDT SW dpg DPM dpn DBSB DPST SW DPT dpt dpt rec DPU DR dr dr

drill (ed) (ing) out dock operating building diesel oil well Dockum document drilled-out cement doctor-treatment Document request drilled-out depth Department of Energy dolomite (ic) dolstone domestic domestic airline domestic water drilled-out plug Dornick Hills Dothan Douglas dozen data processing dewpoint double pipe drillpipe double pole switch double pole double base (switch) double pole double throw switch deepening drillpipe measurement deepen double pole single base (switch) double pole single throw switch deep pool test depth depth recorder drillpipe unloaded development redrill (sidetrack) drain drive

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Abbreviations with Definitions

dr dr Dr Crk drk DRL drl drld drlg drlr DRM drng dropd drsy DRV (R) dry ds DS DS DS DSF dsgn DSI dsl dsmt (g) DSO DSS DST DST (Strd) dstl dstn DSU DSUPHTR DT DT DTD DTH dtr DTW DUC

drum druse Dry Creek derrick double random lengths drill drilled drilling driller drum drainage dropped drusy drive (ing) (er) drier, drying dense directional survey drillsite drillstem drillsite facility design drilling suspended indefinitely diesel (oil) dismantle (ing) dead oil show days since spudded drillstem test drillstem test with straddle packers distillate destination development well, sulfur desuperheater downthrown drilling time driller’s total depth decatherm detrital dealer tank wagon dual upper casing

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR Dup dup DUR DUT Dutch DV DVL DVT DWA DWC DWD DWG DWG dwks DWM DWO DWP DWSW DWT DWT DWTR DX dx dyn

Duperow duplicate duration dual upper tubing Dutcher differential valve (cementing) develop davit drilling with air drilling and well completion dirty water disposal drawing drilling with gas drawworks drilling with mud drilling with oil dual (double) wall packer drilling with salt water deadweight tester deadweight tons dewatering development well workover duplex dynamic

E E E E of W/L E.D. e.g. E.T.D E/BL E/E E/L E/O

east exploratory east of west line effective depth for example estimated total depth east boundary line end to end east line east offset

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Abbreviations with Definitions

E/2 E/4 ea EA EAM Earls Eau Clr ECC Ech ECM Econ Ect Ed lm EDC EDCTN(R) EDD EDP Educ Edw EF eff eff effl EFV Egl Eglwd EHP EIA EIR EIS EJ EL ejtr el gr EL/T Elb ELB elec Elec/MAG

east half east quarter each environmental assessment electric ing machines Earlsboro Eau Claire eccentric echinoid East Cimarron Meridian (Oklahoma) economics, economy, economizer Ector (County, TX) Edwards lime ethylene dichloride education (tor) expected date of delivery electronic data processing education Edwards Eagle Ford effective efficiency effluent equilibrium flash vaporization Eagle Englewood effective horsepower environmental assessment environmental impact report environmental impact statement perforating, enerjet elevation (height) ejector elevation ground electronic log tops Elbert elbow electric (al) electromagnetic

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR elem elev Elg ELIM ell(s) Ellen Elm E’ly EM Emb emer EMF EMN EMNI EMP empl EMS emul encl End endo eng engr (g) enl enml Ent ENT ent ENV ENVIR EO Eoc EOF EOL EOM EOQ EOR EOR EOY

element, elementary elevation, elevator Elgin eliminate (tor) (ed) elbow (s) Ellenburger Elmont easterly Eagle Mills Embar emergency electromotive force electromagnetic electromagnetic induction European melting point employee Ellis-Madison emulsion enclosure Endicott endothyra engine engineer (ing) enlarged enamel Entrada entrance entry envelope environment emergency order Eocene end of file end of line end of month end of quarter east of Rockies enhanced oil recovery end of year

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Abbreviations with Definitions

EP EP Epon. Epon. y. eq Eq equip equiv ERC/MK erect Eric ERW ESD est est et al. et con. et seq. et ux. et vir. ETA eth ethyle EU EUE euhed EUR ev ev-sort eval evap EW EW EWT EX ex Ex EX-PRF EXAM

end point extreme pressure Eponides Eponides yeguaensis equal, equalizer equation (before a number) equipment equivalent erection mark erection Ericson electric resistance weld emergency shutdown estate estimate (ed) (ing) and others and husband and the following and wife and husband estimated time of arrival ethane ethylene Eutaw external upset end euhedral estimated ultimate recovery electron-volts even sorted evaluate evaporation, evaporate electric weld exploratory well early well tie-ins example except Exeter explosion proof Examination

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR EXC exc exch excl EXEC exh exh exist EXP exp EXP JT exp plg expir expl explos exr Exrx exst ext Ext M/H ext (n) extr extrac EYC

Excitation Excavation Exchanger Excellent Executive Exhaust exhibit existing expansion expense expansion t expendable plug expire (ed) (ing) (ation) exploratory, exploration explosive executor executrix existing external extension manhole extended, extension exterior extraction estimated yearly consumption

F F&D F&D F&F F&L F&S F to F F.G. F.O.E F-D F-DIA

faced and drilled flanged and dished (heads) fuels & fabrication fuels & lubricants flanged and spigot face to face fracture gratient fuel oil equivalent formation density flow diagram

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Abbreviations with Definitions

f-gr F-MET F-R oil F-SHT F/ F/DIA F/FAB F/GOR F/O opt F/S F/S F/SW F/WTR f/xin fab FAB fac FACIL FACO fail Fall Riv FAO Farm FARO fau FB FBH FBHP FBHPF FBHPSI FBP fbrgs FC FC FC FCC FCL FCO F

fine grained flowmeter fire-resistant oil flow sheet flowed, flowing flow diagram field fabricated formation gas-oil ratio farmout option flange & screwed front & side flow switch fire water finely crystalline fabricate (ed) (tion) faint air blow facet (ed) facility (ies) field authorized to commence operations failure Fall River finish all over Farmington flowed (ing) at the rate of fauna fresh break flowing by heads flowing bottom-hole pressure final bottom-hole pressure, flowing final bottom-hole pressure, shut-in final boiling point fiberglass filter cake fixed carbon float collar fluid catalytic cracking facility capacity limits functional check out flowing casing pressure

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR FCV FD FD FD FD EFF FD/WTR FDC FDL fdn fdr Fe Fe-st FE/L fed FEIS FEL FELA FEM Ferg ferr fert Fe2(SO4)3 FF FF FF FF FFA FFA FFG FFGU FFL FFO FFP FG FGIH FGIW FGVV FH FHP

flow control valve feed floor drain flow diagram feed effluent feed water formation density correlated formation density log foundation feeder iron ironstone from east line federal Final Environmental Impact Statement from east line Federal Employers Liability Act female Ferguson ferruginous fertilizer ferric sulfate fishing for flat face frac finder (log) full of fluid female to female angle full freight allowed (purchasing term) female to female globe (valve) field fuel gas unit final fluid level furnace fuel oil final flowing pressure fuel gas finish going in hole finish going in with flanged gate valve full hole final hydrostatic pressure

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Abbreviations with Definitions

FI fib FIC fig FIH FIH filt fin fin fin drlg FIN GR FIRC fis fish fisl FIT fix FJ FL FL FL fl FL FL Fl-COC fl/ FL/BD FLA flat Flath fld fld fld FLD flex flg flg (d) (s) Flip flk

flow indicator fibrous flow-indicating controller figure finished in hole fluid in hole filtrate final finish (ed) finished drilling finish grade flow indicating ratio controller fissure fishing fissile formation interval tester fixture flush t flashing floor flow line fluid fluid level flush flash point, Cleveland Open Cup flowed (ing) flammable liquid building Ferry Lake anhydrite flattened Flathead failed feldspar (thic) field full-length drift flexible flowing flange (ed) (es) Flippen flaky

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR FLMB flo FLO Flor fl flshd Flt flt fltg fltn FLTR flu Flu fluor flw (d) (g) Flwg Pr. Flwrpt FLXBX fm FM FM Fm W f’man Fn FNEL FNL Fnly FNSH Fnt FNWL FO FO FO FO FO FOB FOCL FOE-WOE FOH Fol

flammable flow flushing oil Florence flint flushed fault float floating flotation filter flue fluid fluorescence, fluorescent flow (ed) (ing) flowing pressure flowerpot flexibox formation frequency meter frequency modulation formation water foreman fine from northeast line from north line finely finish faint from northwest line farmout faulted out final open fuel oil full opening free on board focused log flanged one end, welded one end full open head foliated

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Abbreviations with Definitions

FONSI FOR Forak Foram Fort FOS FOS Foss FOT Fount Fox H FP FP FP Fph FPI Fpm FPO Fprf Fps f-p-s FPT FPTFD FQG fr FR FR FR fr fr fr fr fr E/L fr N/L fr S/L fr W/L FRA frac (d) (s) fract

finding of no significant impact fuel oil return Foraker foraminifera Fortura face of stud fuel oil supply fossiliferous flowing on test Fountain Fox Hills final pressure flowing pressure freezing point Feet per hour free-point indicator feet per minute field purchase order fireproof feet per second foot-pound-second (system) female pipe thread field pressure test flow diagram frosted quartz grains fair feed rate flow rate flow recorder fractional from front frosted from east line from north line from south line from west line friction reducing agent fracture, fractured, fractures fractionation, fractionator, fractional

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR frag fran Franc FRC Fred Fred freq FRG Frgy fri FRM (G) Fron fros FRP FRR FRR frs frt Fruit FRW frwk frzr FS FS FS FS FS&WLs FSEL fsg FSIP FSL FSP FST FSTN FSWL ft FT FT Ft C

fragment franchise Franconia flow recorder control Fredericksburg Fredonia frequency forge (ed) (ing) froggy friable frame, framing frontier frosted fiberglass-reinforced plastic field receiving report final report for rig fresh freight Fruitland final report for well framework freezer feedstock float shoe flow station forged steel from south and west lines from southeast line fishing final shutin pressure from south line flowing surface pressure forged steel fasten (ing) (er) from southwest line feet, foot firm transport formation test Fort Chadborne

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Abbreviations with Definitions

Ft H ft-lb ft-lb/hr Ft R Ft U Ft W ft-c ftg ftg FTP FTS ft2 ft3 FU Full furf furn FURN Furn & fix Fus Fussel Fusul fut FV fvst FW FW FWC fwd FWD FWL fwtr fxd FYE FYI

Fort Hayes foot-pound foot-pound per hour Fort Riley Fort Union Fort Worth foot-candle fittings footing, footage final (flowing) tubing pressure fluid to surface square feet cubic feet fill up Fullerton furfural furnace furnish (ed) furniture and fixtures Fuson Fusselman Fusulinid future funnel viscosity favosites fillet weld fresh water field wildcat forward four-wheel drive from west line fresh water fixed fiscal year ending for your information

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR

G G G egg g mole G Rk G.M. G. Riv g-cal G-N2 G-O2 G&MCO G&O G&OCM G/L G/P ga GA GA GAF gal gal sol gal/Mcf gal/min Gall galv gaso gast GB GBDA GC GCAW GCD GCLO GCLW GCM GCO

gas goose egg gram molecular weight gas rock gravity meter Gull River gram calorie gaseous nitrogen gaseous oxygen gas & mud-cut oil gas and oil gas- and oil-cut mud gathering line gun perforate gauge (ed) (ing) gallons acid general agreement gross acre-feet gallon (s) gallons of solution gallons per thousand cubic feet gallons per minute Gallatin galvanized gasoline gastropod gun barrel gallons breakdown acid gas-cut gas-cut acid water gas-cut distillate gas-cut load oil gas-cut load water gas-cut mud gas-cut oil

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Abbreviations with Definitions

GA GD GH GCR GCSW GCT GCW GD li gd gd o&t GDE Gdld GDR GDS Gdwn GE gel gel gen genl Geo geo geol geop GFLU GFR gg GGD GGW GH GHO GHSG Gl Gib GIH gil Gilc GIP GISB

gas cap participating area gallons condensate per day gallons condensate per hour gas-condensate ratio gas-cut salt water guidance continuance tool gas-cut water Glen Dean lime good good odor & taste geothermal development, failure Goodland gas-distillate ratio geothermal development, success Goodwin grooved ends gelled jelly-like colloidal suspension generation, generator general Georgetown geothermal geology (ist) (ical) geophysics (ical) good fluorescence gas-fluid ratio grains per gallon gas lift gas distribution gallons gelled water Greenhorn gallons heavy oil gas-handling study group gas injection Gibson going in hole gilsonite Gilcrease gas in pipe gas industry standards board

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR GIW GJ GL GL glau GLBVV gld thd Glen glna GLO GLO Glob Glor GLR gls (y) GLT glyc gm GM gm-cal GMA gmy gnd gns GO GO GO GOC GODT Gol Good L GOPD GOPH GOR Gor Gouldb gov govt GP

gas injection well gigajoule gas lift ground level glauconite, glauconitic globe valve galled threads Glenwood Galena gas lift oil General Land Office (Texas) Globigerina Glorieta gas-liquid ratio glass, glassy gas lift transfer glycol gram ground measurement (elevation) gram-calorie gallons mud acid gummy grained (as in fine-grained) gneiss gallons oil gas odor grind out gas-oil gas odor distillate taste Golconda lime Goodland gallons of oil per day gallons of oil per hour gas-oil ratio Gorham Gouldbusk governor government gas pay

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Abbreviations with Definitions

GP GPC GPD GPF GPG GPH GPM GPM GPS GPU GQM GR GR GR gr gr gr gr gr gr API gr roy Gr Sd gr wt GRA GRAD grad gran gran w Granos grap grav Gray Grayb grdg grdg loc GRDL GRG GRI grn

gasoline plant gas purchase contract gallons per day granite point field grains per gallon gallons per hour gallons per minute geophysical investigation map gallons per second Gas Production Unit geological quadrangle map gamma ray gauge ring Glen Rose grade grain gravity grease ground gravityº API green royalty Gray sand gross weight gallons regular acid gradiomanometer gradual, gradually granite, granular granite wash Graneros graptolite gravity Grayson Grayburg grading grading location guard log gas reserve group gas research institute green

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR Grn Riv grn sh grnd grnlr GRP GRS grs grt grtg grty grv grvt GRVTY gry GS GS GSC GSG gskt GSO GSO&G GST GSW gsy GT GTS GTSTM GU Guns GUS GV gvl GVLPK GVNM GW GW GW GWC GWD

Green River green shale ground granular group gas to surface gross grant (of land) grating gritty grooved gravitometer gravity gray gas show guide shoe gas sales contract good show of gas gasket good show oil good show oil and gas gamma spectroscopy tool gallons salt water greasy geothermal gas to surface (time) gas too small to measure gas unit Gunsite gusset gas volume gravel gravel packet gas volume not measured gallons water gas well geothermal wildcat, failure gas-water geothermal wildcat, success

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Abbreviations with Definitions

GWG GWPH GWSI gyp gypy Gyr. Gyr. sc. gywk

gas-well gas gallons of water per hour gas well shut in gypsum gypsiferous Gyroidina Gyroidina scal greywacke

H H&V HHP H. O. H-SEL H-VOLT H/C Hackb Hara Hask Haynes haz HB Hburg HBP hbr HC HC HCDS HCGO HCO HCV hd hd HD HD HD

heating and ventilating hydraulic horsepower hole opener perforating hyper select high voltage hydrocracker Hackberry Haragan Haskell Haynesville hazardous house brand (regular grade of gasoline) Hardinsburg sand (local) held by production harbor hydrocarbon hydrocracker hydrocarbon drain system heavy coker gas oil heavy cycle oil hand-control valve hard head heavy duty high detergent hot dry rock development, failure

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR HD HD Hd li hd sd hdl hdns hdr HDS HDS Hdwr Heeb Hem Her Herm Het HEX hex hex HEX HD hfg HFO HFO HFSW HFW HGCM HGCSW HGCW HGOR hgr hgt HH HH HIA Hick Hill hky HLDN HLSD HND/WHL

Hydril perforating, hyperdome hard lime hard sand handle hardness header hot dry rock development, successful hydrogen delsulfurization hardware Heebner hematite Herington Hermosa heterostegina heat exchanger hexagon (al) hexane hex head hydrofining heavy fuel oil hole full of oil hole full of salt water hole full of water heavily (highly) gas-cut mud heavily (highly) gas-cut salt water heavily (highly) gas-cut water high gas-oil ratio hanger height hand hole hydrostatic heat Hydrologic Investigations Atlas Hickory Hilliard hackly hold down high-level shutdown handwheel

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Abbreviations with Definitions

HNDLG HO HO HO HO HO&GCM hock HOCM HOCSW HOCW Hog Holl Home Cr hop horiz Hodp HOT Hov Hox HP HP HP HP hp-hr HPF HPG HPG HQ HR hr HR Sul W HRD hrs HRS HSD HSE HST HT HT

handling heating oil heavy oil hole opener home office heavily (highly) oil- and gas-cut mud hockleyensis heavily (highly) oil-cut mud heavily (highly) oil-cut salt water heavily (highly) oil-cut water Hogshooter Hollandberg Home Creek hooper horizontal Hospah hot oil tar Hoover Hoxbar high pressure horsepower hydraulic pump hydrostatic pressure horsepower-hour holes per foot high-pressure gas high-pressure gauge headquarters heavy reformate hour (s) hole full of sulfur water high-resolution dipmeter heirs hot-rolled steel heavy steel drum house (ed) (ing) hydrostatic test heat tracing (ed) heat-treated, heater treater

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR HT HT HTA htr HTSD HU Humb Hump Hun HUX HV HVAC HVGO HVI HVL hvly hvy HW HWCM HWD HWP hwy HX HYD HYD HYDA HYDCA HYDCS HYDRO hydtr Hyg HYGN HYPO Hz H2 H2 S H2SO4

high temperature high tension heat-treated alloy heater high-temperature shutdown hook up Humblei Humphreys Hunton heavy hydrocrackate high viscosity heating ventilating and air conditioning heavy gas oil high viscosity index high volume lift heavily heavy hot dry rock wildcat, failure heavily (highly) water-cut mud hot dry rock wildcat, success hookwall packer highway heat exchanger hydraulic Hydril thread Hydril Type A t Hydril Type CA t Hydril Type CS t hydro test hydrotreater hygiene hydrogenation hypotenuse Hertz hydrogen hydrogen sulfite sulfuric acid

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Abbreviations with Definitions

I I.D sign II-O-M I/C I/CFD I/O IAB IB IB IBBC IBBM IBHP IBHPF IBHPSI IBP IC icfos ID IDENT Idio IES IF IFL IFP IG Ign IGN IGOR IGV/IBV IH IHP IHP IHPHR II IJ

identification sign miscellaneous investigations series installation operation & maintenance interconnection (ing) interconnecting flow diagram input/output initial air block impression block iron body (valve) iron body brass core (valve) iron body brass (bronze) mounted (valve) initial bottom-hole pressure initial bottom-hole pressure, flowing initial bottom-hole pressure, shut in initial boiling point iron case microfossil (iferous) inside diameter identify (ier) (ication) Idiomorpha induction electrical survey internal flush initial fluid level initial flowing pressure injection gas igneous ignition injection gas-oil ratio inlet gate valve/inlet ball valve in hole indicated horsepower initial hydrostatic pressure indicated horsepower hour injection index integral t

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR ILUM imdb IMF immed Imp IMP Imp gal imperv IMW in. in. Hg in.-lb in./sec Inbded Inc. inc incd INCIN incl INCLR incls INCM incr ind indic indiv indr indst Inf. L Inf. S info ingr inhib init Inj Inj Pr Inl Inl Inlam

illuminator (s) imbedded intermediate manifolds immediate (ly) Imperial impounding Imperial gallon impervious initial mud weight inch (es) inches mercury inch-pound inches per second imbedded incorporated increment incandescent incinerator, incineration include (ed) (ing) intercooler inclusions income (er) (ing) increase (ed) (ing) induction indicate (s) (tion) individual indurated indistinct inflammable liquid inflammable solid information intergranular inhibitor initial injection, injected injection pressure inland inlet interlaminated

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Abbreviations with Definitions

Inoc INPE INQ ins ins insole inps inst(d)(g)(l) inst inst instr insul INT int int int int intclr INTCON inter-gran inter-lam inter-xln interbd intgr INTL intl intr ints intv inv inv invrtb IO IP IP IP IP IPA IPA

Inoceramus installing (ed) pumping equipment inquire, inquiry insulate, insulation insurance insoluble inspect (ed) (ing) (tion) install (ed) (ing) (tion) instantaneous institute instrument, instrumentation insulate integral interest interior internal intersection intercooler interconnection intergranular interlaminated intercrystalline interbedded integrator internal interstitial intrusion intersect interval invert (ed) invoice invertebrate initial open initial potential initial pressure initial production intermediate pressure initial participating area isopropyl alcohol

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR IPE IPF IPG IPI IPL IPP IPR IPS IPS IPT IR IR Ire irid irreg IRS Irst IS ISIP ISIP ISITP ISO ISO/CKR ISOL isom isoth ISS IT ITB ITC ITD IUE Ives IVP IW IW

install (ing) pumping equipment initial production flowed (ing) initial production gas lift initial production on intermitter initial production plunger lift initial production pumping inflow performance rate initial production swabbing iron pipe size iron pipe thread infrared injection rate Ireton iridescent irregular Internal Revenue Service ironstone inside screw (valve) initial shutin pressure (DST) instantaneous shutin pressure (frac) initial shutin tubing pressure isometric isocracker isolate (tor) isometric isothermal issue interruptible transport invitation to bid investment tax credit intention to drill internal upset ends Iverson initial vapor pressure injection water injection well

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Abbreviations with Definitions

J J J&A J/O jac Jack Jasp Jax JB JB jbr JC jct Jdn Jeff JFA JIB JINO JJ jmd jnk JOA JOP JP JP fuel JP/ft JSPF jt(s) JTU Jud Riv Jur juris JV Jxn

Joule junked and abandoned t operation jacket Jackson jasper (oid) Jackson sand junction box junk basket jobber job complete junction Jordan Jefferson jet fuel (aviation) t interesting billing t interest nonoperated (property) junk t jammed junk (ed) t operating agreement t operating provisions jet perforated jet propulsion fuel jet perforations per foot jet shots per foot t (s) jet treating unit Judith River Jurassic jurisdiction t venture Jackson

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR

K K Kelvin (temperature scale) K thousand (i.e., 13K = 13,000) Kai Kaibib kao kaolin Kay Kayenta KB kelly bushing KBM kelly bushing measurement KC Kansas City kc kilocycle kcal kilocalorie KD kiln dried KD Kincaid lime KD knock down KDB kelly drive bushing KDB-LDG FLG kelly drill bushing to landing flange KDB-MLW kelly drill bushing to mean low water KDB-Plat kelly drill bushing to platform KDBE kelly drive bushing elevation Ke Keener Keo-Bur Keokuk-Burlington kero kerosine (kerosene) ket ketone KEV thousand electron-volts Key Keystone kg kilogram kg-cal kilogram-calorie kg-m kilogram-meter KGRA known geothermal resource area Khk Kinderhook kHz kilohertz Kia Kiamichi Kib Kibbey Kin li Kincaid Lime kin kinematic kip one thousand pounds

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Abbreviations with Definitions

kip-ft Kirt KIT kl kld km KMA KO KO Koot KOP kPa Kri ktle kv KV KV kva kvah kvar kvar-hr kvp KW kw kwh kwhm

one thousand foot-pounds Kirtland kitchen kiloliter killed kilometer KMA sand kick off knock out Kootenai kickoff point kilopascal Krider kettle kilovolt kinematic viscosity permeability (vertical direction) kilovolt-ampere kilovolt-ampere-hour kilovar; reactive kilovolt-ampere kilovar-hour kilovolt peak kill (ed) well kilowatt kilowatt-hour kilowatt-hour-meter

L l L&P LU L.P. L-DK L-VOLT L/ L/Alb

liter ladder & platform lease use (gas) line pipe loading dock low voltage Lower, i.e., L/Gallup Lower Albany

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR L/Cret L/Tus LA LA LA La Mte lab lab LACT lad LAG Lak lam Land Lans Lar LAS lat Laud Layt LB lb lb-in. lb/ft lb/sq ft LBOS lbr LC LC LC LC LC LC LCGO lchd LCL LCL LCM L

Lower Cretaceous Lower Tuscaloosa level alarm lightning arrester load acid La Motte labor laboratory lease automatic custody transfer ladder lagging Lakota laminated, lamination (s) Landulina Lansing Laramie lower anhydrite stringer latitude Lauders Layton light barrel pound pound-inch pounds per foot pounds per square foot light brown oil stain lumber lease crude level controller long coupling lost circulation lower casing lug cover type (5-gallon can) light coker gas oil leached less-than carload lot local lost circulation material local control

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Abbreviations with Definitions

L LCV LD ld ld(s) LDC LDC LDCX LDDCs LDDP LDFL LDG LDG LDR Le C Leadv LEL Len len LFO lg lg lg lg Lg Disc LGD Lge LH LH/RP LI LIB LIC lic Lieb lig LIGB LIH lim lin

lug cover with pour spout level control valve laid down load land (s) laid-down cost local distribution company lead drill collar laid (laying) down drill collars laid (laying) down drillpipe large-diameter flow line landing loading loader Le Comptom Leadville lower explosive limit Lennep lenticular light fuel oil large length level glass long Large Discorbis Lower Glen Dean league left hand long handle/round point level indicator light iron barrel level indicator controller license Liebuscella lignite, lignitic light iron grease barrel left in hole limit, limonite linear

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR lin lin ft LIP liq liqftn litho LJ lk lk LKG LKR LLC LLG lm LMF LMn Lmpy LMTD lmy Lmy sh LN ln LNG lngl lnr lns LO LO LOA loc loc abnd loc gr log long LOS Lov Lov low LOX

liner linear foot local injections plants liquid liquefaction lithographic lap t leak lock leakage locker liquid level controller liquid level gauge lime, limestone lowermost flange Lower Menard lumpy log mean temperature difference limy limy shale line logarithm (natural) liquefied natural gas linguloid liner lense load oil lube oil length overall located, location location abandoned location graded logarithm (common) longitude (inal) lease operations Lovell Lovington lower liquid oxygen

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Abbreviations with Definitions

LP LP lp LP LP sep LP-Gas LPG LPG LPO LPS LR LR LRAP LRC lrg LRP ls LS LSD LSD lse LST/COMPTS lstr lt LT LT&C ltd LTD ltg LTL ltl ltr LTS Unit LTSD LTT LTX unit lub Lued LUG

line pressure lodge pole loop low pressure low-pressure separator liquefied petroleum gas liquefied petroleum gas propane local purchase order low-pressure separation level recorder long radius long-range automation plan level recorder controller large long-range plan limestone long string legal subdivision (Canada) light steel drum lease list of components lustre light lower tubing long threads and coupling limited log total depth lighting less than truckload little letter low-temperature separation unit low-temperature shutdown long-term tubing test low-temperature extraction unit lubricate (ed) (ing) (tion) Lueders Ise use gas

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR LUX LV LVI lvl Lvnwth LW LW LWL lwr

light hytrocrackate liquid volume low viscosity index level Leavenworth lapweld load water low water loss lower

M M m m m M M M & R Sta. M. Tus m-a m-f m-g m-gr m-in. m-kg m-m m-mf m-v M&F M&FP M&P M/ m/l M/PLT M/T M/V

mesh meter micron millimicron molar thousand (i.e., 9M = 9,000) measuring and regulating station Marine Tuscaloosa microampere microfarad microgram medium grained microinch meter-kilogram micromicron micro-microfarad microvolt male and female (t) maximum & final pressure mix and pump middle more or less masking plate marine terminal motor vehicle, motor vessel

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Abbreviations with Definitions

MA ma ma MA MAC mach Mack Mad mag maint maj mall man man man op Manit Mann MAOP Maq mar mar March marg Marg. Marg. coco. Marg. fl. Marg. rd Marg. tex. margas Mark Marm MARSH mass Mass pr. Mat Math matl MAW MAWP

massive anhydrite microampere milliampere mud acid medium amber cut machine Mackhank Madison magnetic, magnetometer maintenance major, majority malleable manifold manual manually operated Manitoban Manning maximum allowable operating pressure Maquoketa marine maroon Marchand marginal Marginulina Marginulina coco Marginulina flat Marginulina round Marginulina texana marine gasoline Markham Marmaton Marshal (ling) massive Massilina pratti matter mathematics material mud acid wash maximum allowable working pressure

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR max May MB MB MBF/D Mbl Fls Mbo/d mbr MBTU MBW/D mc MC MC MC ls MCA MCA MCB McC MCC McCul McEl MCF Mcfd Mcfgpd MCG mchsm McK McL McMill MCO M mcr-x MCSW MCT MCW MD md MD MDC

maximum Maywood methylene blue Moody’s Branch thousand barrels fluid per day Marble Falls thousand barrels oil per day member (geologic) thousand British thermal units thousand barrels of water per day megacycle mud cake mud cut Moore County lime mud cleanout agent mud-cut acid master circuit board McClosky lime motor control center McCullough McElroy thousand cubic feet thousand cubic feet per day thousand cubic feet of gas per day mud-cut gas mechanism McKee McLish McMillan mud-cut oil maximum casing pressure microcrystalline mud-cut salt water computer-processed interpretation mud-cut water measured depth millidarcies Mt. Diablo Monel drill collars

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Abbreviations with Definitions

MDDO MDF mdl mdse MDQ Mdy MEA Meak meas mech Mech DT med Med med Med B med FO med gr Medr Meet MEG MEK memo Men Mene MEOH MEP MER Mer merc mercap merid Meso meta meth meth-bl meth-cl methol methr metr

maximum daily delivery obligation market demand factor middle merchandise minimum daily quantity muddy monoethanolamine Meakin measure (ed) (ment) mechanic (al), mechanism mechanical down time median Medina medium Medicine Bow medium fuel oil medium grained Medrano Meeteetse methane-rich gas methylethylketone memorandum Menard lime Menefee methanol mean effective pressure maximum efficient rate Meramec mercury mercaptan meridian Mesozoic metamorphic methane methylene blue methyl chloride methanol methanator metric

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR mev mezz MF MF MFMFA mfd MFD mfd mfg MFP MFR mg mg mg MG MG m’gmt mgr MGS MH mh MH mho/m MHz MI MI MI MI mica MICR micro-xin microsec MICT MICU mid Mid MIDDU MIE

million electron volts mezzanine manifold mud filtrate Miscellaneous Field Studies Map male to female angle manufactured mechanical flow diagram microfarad manufacturing maximum flowing pressure manufacture (er) medium grained milligram motor generator multigrade thousand gallons management manager middle ground shoals manhole millihenry mousehole mhos per meter megahertz (megacycles per second) malleable iron mile (s) mineral interest moving in (equipment) mica, micaceous moving in completion rig microcrystalline microsecond moving in cable tools moving in completion unit middle Midway moving (moved) in double drum unit moving in equipment

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Abbreviations with Definitions

MIK mil mill millg MIM min min min min P Minl Mio MIPU MIR MIRT MIRU MIRUSU misc Mise MISR Miss Miss Cany MIST MIT MIU mix MIXG MKG mkt Mkta mky ml ML ml TEL ml Mle mlg MLL MLU

methylisobutylketone military milliotitic milling moving in materials minerals minimum minute (s) minimum pressure Minnelusa Miocene moving in pulling unit moving in rig moving in rotary tools moving in and rigging up moving in rigging up swabbing units miscellaneous Misener moving in service rig Mississippian Mission Canyon moving in standard tools moving in tools moisture impurities and unsaponifiabales (grease-testing) mixer mixing making market( ing) Minnekahta milky milliliter mud logger milliliters tetraethyl lead per gallon milled milled one end milling master load list mud logging unit

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR MLW MLW-PLAT Mly mm MM MM mm Hg MMBLS MMBTU MMcf MMcfd mmf MMRVB MMS MMscfd MNL MNR mnrl MO MO MO mob MOCT MOCU mod mod mod modu MOE MOE Moen mol mol MOL mol mol wt mon MON Mont

mean low wave mean low water to platform marly millimeter million (i.e., 9MM = 9,000,000) motor medium millimeters of mercury millions of barrels million British thermal units million cubic feet million cubic feet per day magnetomotive force million reservoir barrels Minerals Management Service million standard cubic feet per day manual minor mineral molybdenum motor oil moving out mobile moving out (off ) cable tools moving out completion unit model moderate (ly) modification modular milled other end moving out equipment Moenkopi molas mole molecule, molecular mollusca molecular weight monitor motor octane number Montoya

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Abbreviations with Definitions

Moor MOP Mor MOR Morr MORT Mos mot mott MOU mov Mow MP MP MP MP mPa MPB MPGH-Lith MPGR-Soap MPH MPT MPY MR MR Mr MRF MRK mrlst MRQ Ms MS MSA MSC Mscf Mscf/d Mscf/h MSDS Msl

Mooringsport maximum operating pressure Morrow moving out rig Morrison moving out (off ) rotary tools Mosby motor mottled motor oil units moving Mowry maximum pressure mechanical properties melting point multipurpose megapascal metal petal basket multipurpose grease lithium base multipurpose grease soap base miles per hour male pipe thread miles per year marine rig meter run milliroentgen “merf ”/main reaction furnace marking marlstone memo requesting quote (s) millisecond (s) motor severe multiple service acid mapping subcommittee thousand standard cubic feet thousand standard cubic feet per day thousand standard cubic feet per hour material safety data sheets mean sea level

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR MSP MSR Mstr MSW MSWG MT MT MT Mt. Selm MTD MTD MTD mtd mtg mtge mtl MTO MTP MTP mtr MTR MTS Mtx mud wt mudst MULTX musc MUX mv Mvde MVFT MVOP MW MW MW MW MWD MWP MWPE

maximum surface pressure mud/silt remover master muddy salt water miscible substance group empty container magnetic particle examination marcaroni tubing Mount Selman maximum total depth mean temperature difference measured total depth mounted mounting mortgage material material take-off maximum top pressure maximum tubing pressure meter motor mud to surface matrix mud weight mudstone multiply, multiplexer muscovite middle hydrocrackate millivolt Mesa Verde motor vehicle fuel tax monthly volume operation plan megawatt microwave mud weight muddy water marine wholesale distributors maximum working pressure mill wrapped plain end

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Abbreviations with Definitions

Mwy mxd M1E M2E m/d

Midway mixed milled one end milled two ends cubic meters per day

N N N N N N. Cock. N/O N/S S/S N/tst N/2 N/4 NA NA Nac nac NaCL NaCO3 NAG NALRD NaOH nap NARR nat nat’l Nav Navr NB NB Nbg NC

Newton nonproducer normal (to express concentration) north Nonionella Cockfieldensis north offset nonstandard service station no test north half north quarter not applicable not available Nacotoch nacreous sodium chloride sodium carbonate no appreciable gas Northern Alberta Land Registration district sodium hydroxide naptha narrative natural national Navajo Navarro new bit nitrogen blanket Newburg no change

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR NC NC NC NCT NCT ND ND ND NDBOPs NDE NSG Ndl Cr NDT NDT NE NE NE/4 NEA NEC NEC neg neg NEGO NEL NEP neut Neut. No. New Alb Newc NF NF NF NF NF NFD NFOC NFW NG NG

no core normally closed not completed national coarse thread noncontiguous tract nippled down nondetergent not drilling nipple (ed) (ing) down blowout preventers not deep enough no show gas Noodle Creek nipple-down tree nondestructive testing nonemulsifying agent northeast northeast quarter nonemulsion acid National Electric Code northeast corner negative negligible negotiation northeast line net effective pay neutral neutralization Neutralization Number New Albany shale Newcastle National Fine (thread) natural flow no fluid no fluorescence no fuel new field discovery no fluorescence or cut new field wildcat natural gas no gauge

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Abbreviations with Definitions

NG NGL NGTS NHDS NH3 NH4Cl NIC NID Nig Nine Niob nip nitro NL NL Gas NLL N’ly NMI NO NO NO NO No Inc no rec No. NOB nod Nod. blan. Nod. Mex. NOJV nom Non nonf G NOP NOR nor NOV noz NP

no good natural gas liquids no gas to surface naptha-hydrogen desulfurization ammonia ammonium chloride not in contract notice of intention to drill Niagra Ninnescah Niobrara nipple nitoglycerine north line nonleaded gas neutron lifetime log northerly nautical line new oil Noble-Olson normally open number no increase no recovery number (before a number, i.e., No. 3) not on bottom nodule, nodular Nodosaria blanpiedi Nodosaria mexicana nonoperated t ventures nominal Nonionella nonflammable compressed gas nonoperating property no order required normal notice of violation nozzle nameplate

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR NP NP NP NP NP NP NPD NPDES NPL npne NPOS NPR NPRA NPS NPSH NPT NPTF NPTM NPW NPX NR NR NR NR NRI NRS NRSB NRSD NS NSC NSFOC NSO NOS&G NSPS nstd NT NT NTD

nickel plated no production nonporous not prorated not pumping Notary Public new pool discovery National pollution discharge elimination system nipple neoprene no paint on seams Naval Petroleum Reserve Naval Petroleum Reserve, Alaska nominal pipe size net positive suction head National pipe thread National pipe thread, female National pipe thread, male new pool wildcat new pool exempt (nonprorated) new rod no recovery no report, not reported nonreturnable, no returns, not reached net revenue interest nonrising stem (valve) nonreturnable steel barrel nonreturnable steel drum no show not suitable for coating no show fluorescence or cut no show oil no show oil and gas new source performance standards nonstandard net tons no time new total depth

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Abbreviations with Definitions

NTP NTS NU NU NU NUBOPs NUE Nug num NUT NUWH NVP NW NW NW/C NW/4 NWL NWT NYA NYD NYL N2

notice to proceed not to scale naphfining unit nippled (ing) up nonupset nipple (ed) (ing) up blowout prevents nonupset ends nugget numerous nipple up tree nippling up wellhead no visible porosity no water northwest northwest corner northwest quarter northwest line Northwest Territories not yet available not yet drilled nylon nitrogen

O O O O sd O&G O&GC SULW O&GCAW O&GCLW O&GCM O&GCSW O&GCW O&GL O&M

oil Osborne oil sand oil and gas oil and gas-cut sulfur water oil and gas-cut acid water oil and gas-cut load water oil and gas-cut mud oil and gas-cut salt water oil and gas-cut water oil and gas lease operations and maintenance

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR O&SW O&SWCM O&W O/S O/S O/T tk OA OAH Oakv OAL OAW OB obj OBM OBMO OBS OBS obsol OBW & RS OC OC OC OC OC OCOCB occ OCM OCS OCSW oct oct OCW od OD Odel ODT OE OE

oil and salt water oil and sulfur water-cut mud oil and water out of service over and short (report) out of stock open-top tank overall overall height Oakville overall length oil abandoned well off bottom object oil-based mud outboard motor oil observation ocean bottom suspension obsolete optimum bit weight and rotary speed oil cut on center open choke open cup operations commenced Oil and Gas Investigations Chart oil circuit breaker occasional (ly) oil-cut mud Outer Continental Shelf oil-cut salt water octagon, octagonal octane oil-cut water odor outside diameter O’Dell oil down to oil emulsion open end

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Abbreviations with Definitions

OE OEB OEM OF OF off off-sh OFIC OFL OFLU OFOE OFP OFS O’H OH OH OH ohm ohm-cm ohm-m OI OIFC OIH Oil Cr oilfract OIP OISC OIT OIWC OL OL ole Olig OLN OMRL ONR ONRI OO ooc

overexpenditure other end beveled oil emulsion mud open flow open-file report office, official offshore oil insulated fan-cooled overflush (ed) oil fluorescence orfice flange one end open flow potential offsite O’Hara open hearth open hole overhead ohm ohm-centimeter ohmmeter oil insulated oil insulated, fan cooled oil in hole Oil Creek oil fractured oil in place oil insulated, self-cooled oil in tanks oil immersed, water cooled off / on location open line (no choke) olefin Oligocene outline oriented microresistivity octane number requirement octane number requirement increase oil odor ooliclastic

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR OOIP ool oom OP OP OP OP op hole OPB OPBD oper Operc OPI opn OPO opp OPT OPTL optn to F/O OR Or Ord orf org org ORIENT orig Orisk ORR ORRI orth OS Os OS OS&F OS&Y OSA OSD OSF

original oil in place oolitic oolimoldic articles published in outside journals/books oil pay outpost overproduced open hole old plugback old plugback depth operate, operations, operator Operculinoides oil payment interest open (ed) (ing) overseas procurement office opposite official potential test optional option to farmout orange Oread Ordovican orifice organic organization orientation original, originally Oriskany overriding royalty overriding royalty interest orthoclase oil show Osage overshot odor stain and fluorescence outside screw and yoke (valve) oil-soluble acid operation shutdown oil string flange

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Abbreviations with Definitions

OSI OSIDP Ost OSTN OSTOIP Osw OT OT OT&S OTD OTD OTE Otl OTS OTS&F OU Our Ovhd OWC OWDD OWF OWFWF OWG OWPB OWST OWWO ox oxy oz

oil well shut in oil standing in drillpipe Ostracod oil stain original stock tank oil in place Oswego open tubing overtime odor taste & stain old total depth original total depth oil-powered total energy outlet oil to surface odor taste stain and fluorescence oil unit Ouray overhead oil-water oil well drilled deeper oil well flowing oil well from water flood oil well gas old well plugged back old well sidetracked old well worked over oxidized, oxidation oxygen ounce

P P P P P P

&A & ID & NG Lar

professional paper plugged and abandoned process & instrument diagram petroleum and natural gas Post Laramine

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR P tstg p. P.O. P.O. P.P. P-HDII P-M P&C P&F P&IDS P&L P&P P&P P/ P/BLDG P/DIA PA Pa PA PA PA PAB Padd Paha Pal Paleo Paleo Palo P Pan L PAR Para Park C PART pat patn pav Paw PB PB

pump testing page (before a number, i.e., p. 4) Pin Oak Post Oak present production perforating Hyperdome II Pensky-Martins (flash) personal and confidential pump and flow piping and instrument diagrams profit and loss porosity and permeability porous and permeable pump pump building piping diagram participating area Pascal pooling agreement pressure alarm public address per-acre bonus Paddock Pahasapa Paluxy paleontology Paleozoic Palo Pinto Panhandle Lime per-acre rental Paradox Park City partial patent (ed) pattern paving Pawhuska plugged back pressure base

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Abbreviations with Definitions

PB-ADA PBD PBE PBHL pbl (y) PBP PBTD PBW PBX PBX PC pc PC pc PC PCF pct PCV PCV PD pd PD PD PD PD PD PD PD PDC PDC PDET PDI PDIC PDR PDRC PDS PDS pdso

report available only through National Technical Information Service plugged-back depth plain both ends proposed bottom-hole location pebble, pebbly pulled bid pipe plugged back total depth pipe buttweld private branch exchange switchboard Paint Creek piece poker chipped port collar Porter Creek pounds per cubic foot percent positive crankcase ventilation pressure control valve geopressure development, failure paid per day plug down present depth pressed distillate proposed depth pulsation dampner pumper’s depth power distribution center pressure differential controller production department exploratory test pressure differential indicator pressure differential indicator controller pressure differential recorder pressure differential recorder controller geopressure development, success power distribution system pseudo

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR pe PE PE PEB PED pell pen Pen A.C. penal Penn perco perf perf csg perm perm Perm perp pers PERT pet Pet Pet sd petrf petrochem Pett PEW pf PF pfd PFD PFM PFRACT PFT PG Pg PGC PGW pH pH

pin end plain end pumping equipment plain end beveled pedestal pellletal, pelletoidal penetration, penetration test penetration asphalt cement penalty, penalize (ed) (ing) Pennsylvanian percolation perforate (ed) (ing) (or) perforated casing permanent permeable (ability) Permian perpendicular personnel performance evaluation and review technique petroleum Pettet Pettus sand petroliferous petrochemical Pettit pipe electric weld per foot power factor preferred process flow diagram power factor meter prefractionator pumping for test Pecan Gap plug Pecan Gap chalk producing gas well acidity or alkalinity hydrogen ion concentration

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Abbreviations with Definitions

pH Ph ph PHC Phos PI PI PI PI PI PIC Pic Cl pinpt PIP piso pit PJ PJ pk pkg (d) pkr PL PL PL pl fos Plan. palm. Plan. har. plas PLASR platf plcy pld PLE Pleist plg plg plgd Plio PLMB

measure of hydrogen potential parish phase pipe-handling capacity Phosphoria penetration index Pine Island pressure indicator productivity index pump in pressure indicator controller Pictured Cliff pinpoint pump-in pressure pisolites, pisolitic pitted pump jack pump job pink packing, package (ed) packer pipeline plate property line plant fossils Planulina palmarie Planulina harangensis plastic plaster platform pelecypod pulled plain large end Pleistocene plagioclase pulling plugged Pliocene plumbing

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR pln plngr PLO PLO plt PLT plt plty PLV PLW P-M PML pmp (d) (g) pmt PN pneu pnl PNL BD PNR po PO PO PO POB POB POCS POD Pod. POE POGW POH pois pol poly poly cl polygas polypl PONA Pont

plan plunger pipeline oil pumping load oil pilot pilot pipeline terminal plant platy pilot loaded valve pipe lapweld Pensky Martins production management pump (ed) (ing) payment Performance Number (aviation gas) pneumatic board please note and return Phrohotite pulled out pumps off purchase order plug on bottom pump on beam Pacific Outer Continental Shelf plan of development Podbielniak plain one end producing oil and gas well pulled (put) out of hole poison polish (ed) polymerization, polymerized polyethylene polymerized gasoline polypropylene parrafins-olefins-napthenes-aromatics Pontotoc

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Abbreviations with Definitions

POOH POP por porc porc port pos pos poss pot pot dif POT/WTR pour ASTM POW POWF POWP PP PP PP PP ppb PPB ppd ppg PPG PPI PPI ppm ppn no PPP ppt pr PR pr PR PR PR pr op PR&T

pull (put) out of hole putting on pump porosity, porous porcelaneous porcion portable position positive possible (ly) potential potential difference potable water pour point (ASTM method) producing oil well producing oil well, flowing producing oil well, pumping pinpoint production payment pulled pipe pump pressure parts per billion pounds per barrel prepaid piping pounds per gallon production payment interest Process Performance Index parts per million precipitation number pinpoint porosity precipitate pair polished rod poor pressure recorder public relations purchasing request present operations pull (ed) rods and tubing

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR PRC prcst prd Pre Camb PRECIP predom prefab prehtr prelim prem Prep press prest prev PREV PREV DA AVG PRF pri prin priv prly prmt prnl lss pro prob proc prod prog proj PROP prop prop prot Protero Prov prsm PRPT prtgs

pressure recorder control precast period Precambrian precipitator predominant prefabricated preheater preliminary prepare, preparing, preparation pressure prestressed prevent, preventive previous previous daily average Primary Reference Fuel primary principal privilege pearly permit principal lessee (s) prorated probable (ly) process produce (ed) (ing) (tion), product (s) progress project (ed) (ion) property proportional propose (ed) protection Proterozoic provincial prism(atic) preparing to take potential test partings

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Abbreviations with Definitions

PS ps PS PSA PSB PSD PSD PSE psf psi, PSI PSI psia, PSIA psig, PSIG PSL PSL PSM Psp PSV PSW PT pt pt pt Pt Lkt PT PTC PTD PTD PTD PTF PTG PTN PTP PTR PTS pot PTTF PU PU PU

pressure switch pseudo pump station packer set at pressure seal bonnet permanently shut down prevention of significant deterioration, EPA plain small end pounds per square foot pounds per square inch profit-sharing interest pounds per square inch absolute pounds per square inch gauge pipe sleeve Public School Land pipe seamless prospect pressure safety valve pipe spiral weld liquid penetrant examination party, partly pint point Point Lookout potential test permanent type completion present total depth projected total depth proposed total depth production test flowed pulling tubing partition production test pumped pulling tubing and rods pipe to soil potential potential test to follow picked up pulled up pumping unit

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR PUC PUDP PUIC PULS PURCH PURF purp PV PV PVC pvmt PVR PVT PW PW(15) PWHT PWR PWY PWZ Pxy pyls pyr pyrbit pyrclas

project ultimate cost picking up drillpipe pulled up in casing pulse (sating) (sation) purchasing purification purple plastic viscosity pore volume polyvinyl chloride pavement plant (pressure) volume reduction pressure-volume temperature producing well present worth at discount rate of 15% postweld heat treatment power pipeway peripheral wedge zone Paluxy pyrolysis pyrite, pyritic pyrobitumen pyroclastic

Q Q. City Q. sd QA QC QDA QDRNT qnch QRC qry qt

Queen City Queen Sand quality assurance quality control quality discount allowance quadrant quench quick ram change quarry quart (s)

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Abbreviations with Definitions

qtr qty qtz qtzose quad QUAL qual quan quest quint

quarter quantity quartz, quartzite, quartzitic quartzose quadrant, quadrangle, quadruple qualitative quality quantity questionable quintuplicate

R R R R R r R R&D R&T R test R.O. R(16”) R-SP R&L R&LC R&O R/A RA RA RACTR rad rad rad RADT

radius range rankine (temp.scale) resistivity roentgen rows research and development rods and tubing rotary test Red Oak resistivity as recorded from 16” electrode configuration recommended spare part road & location road & location complete rust and oxidation regular acid radioactive right angle reactor radical radiological radius radiant

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR radtn RAGL RALOG Rang RB RB RBLR Rbls RBM RBP rbr RBSO RBSOF RBSWF RC RC RC RC RC RCO RT RCR RCR RCTN RCVR RCVY RCYL RD RD rd rd Rd Bds Rd Fk Rd Pk rd thd RDB RDB-GD RDCR rdd

radiation raw gas lift running radioactive log Ranger rock bit rotary bushing reboiler rubber balls rotary bushing measurement retrievable bridge plug rubber rainbow show of oil rubber ball sand oil frac rubber ball sand water frac rapid curing Red Cave remote control reverse circulation running casing returning circulation oil receptacle Ramsbottom Carbon Residue reverse circulation rig reaction receiver recovery recycle redrilled rigged (ing) down road round red beds Red Fork Red Peak round thread rotary drive bushing rotary drive bushing to ground reducer rounded

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Abbreviations with Definitions

RDMO RDS RDSU rdtp REABS reacd React rebar rec rec rec recd recip recirc recomp RECOMP recond re rect rect recy red red bal redrld ref ref refg refl refl REFMR REFOO reform refr REFRIG reg reg regen reinf reinf conc

rigged down, moved out reservoir description service rigged-down swabbing unit round trip reabsorber reacidize (ed) (ing) reaction (ed) reinforcing bar recommend record (er) (ing) recover (ed) (ing), recovery received reciprocate (ing) recirculate recomplete (ed) (ion) recompressor recondition (ed) receptacle rectangle, rectangular rectifier recycle reducing, reducer reducing balance redrilled reference refine (ed) (er) (ry) refining reflection reflux reformer re-evaluation for overoptimism reformate (er) (ing) refraction, refractory refrigerator (rant) (tion) regular, regulator regenerator reinforce (ed) (ing) (ment) reinforced concrete

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR rej rej’n Rek rel rel REL reloc rem rem Ren rent Reo. bath. rep rep rep reperf repl REQ req reqd reqmt res res res Res. O. N. resid RESIS ret ret retd retr retr ret rev rev rev rev/O RF RF RFFE

reject rejection Reklaw relay release (ed) running electric log relocate (ed) remains remedial Renault rental Reophax bathysiphoni repair (ed) (ing) (s) replace (ed) report reperforated replace (ment) request requisition required requirement research reserve (ation) resistance, resistivity, resistor Research Octane Number residual, residue resistor (s) retain (er) (ed) (ing) return returned retrievable retrievable retainer reverse (ed) revise (ed) (ing) (ion) revolution (s) reversed out raised face rig floor raised face, flanged end

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Abbreviations with Definitions

RFG RFG/BD RFLCT RFP RFQ RFR RFSF RFSO RFWN RG rg RG Rge rgh RGTR RH RH RH RHD rheo RHM RHN RI Rib Rier RIH RIL riv RIZ RJ RJFE RK rk RKB rky RL rlf rlg rls (d) (ing)

roofing refrigeration building reflect (ed) (ing) (tion) request for proposal request for quote ready for rig raised face, smooth finish raised face, slip on raised face, weld neck raw gas ring ring groove range rough rat hole relative humidity right hand righthand door rheostat rat hole mud Rockwell hardness number royalty interest ribbon sand Rierdon rig ran in hole red indicating lamp rivet resistivity invaded zone ring t ring t, flanged end rack rock rotary kelly bushing rocky random lengths relief railing release (ed) (ing)

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR rly rm Rm rm rmd Rmf rmg rmn RMS rmv (l) rnd rng RO ro Ro Rob Rod ROF ROGL ROI Rok Rok ROL ROM ROM RON ROP ROR ROS rot ROW roy RP rpm rpmn RPP RPRT rps rptd

relay ream resistivity, mud room reamed resistivity, mud filtrate reaming remains root mean square remove (al) (able) rounded running reversed out rose Rosiclare sand Robulus Rodessa rich oil fractionator rotative gas lift return on investment remove rock rig on location rough order of magnitude run of mine Research Octane Number rate of penetration rate of return remote operating system (station) rotary, rotate, rotator right of way royalty rock pressure revolutions per minute repairman retail pump price report revolutions per second reported

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Abbreviations with Definitions

RR RR RR RR RR RR&T RS RS RS RSD rsns RSU rsvr RT RT RT RT RT CB rtd RTD rtg RTG RTG RTJ RTJ RTL RTLTM RTMTR rtnr RTTS RTU RU RU RUCC RUCT RUM RUP rupt RURT

railroad Red River rig released rig repair rigging rotary ran (running) rods and tubing rig service rig skidded rising stem (valve) returnable steel drum resinous released swab unit reservoir radiographic examination rig time rotary time rotary tools round trip changed bit retard (ed) rotary total depth rating routing running tubing ring tool t ring-type t Refinery Technology Laboratory rate too low to measure rotameter retainer retrievable test treat squeeze (tool) remote terminal unit rig (ged) (ging) up rotary unit rig-up casing crew rigging-up cable tools rigging-up machines rigging-up pump rupture rigging-up rotary tools

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR RUSR RUST RUSU RUT RV RVP rvs (d) RVT Rw Rwa rwk (d) RWTP Rxo

rigging-up service rig rigging-up standard tools rigging-up swabbing unit rigging-up tools relief valve Reid vapor pressure reverse (ed) rivet resistivity, water resistivity, water (apparent) rework (ed) returned well to production resistivity, flushed zone

S S S S s&s S&T S Bomb SO S Riv S.L. S-T-R S&F S&O s&p S/C S/E S/FAB s/p S/SR S/SW S/T S/T

seconds south stratigraphic test spigot and spigot shell and tube sulfur by bomb method south offset Seven Rivers sea level section-township-range swab and flow stain and odor salt and pepper speed/current screwed end shop fabrication shipping point (purchasing term) sliding-scale royalty screwed and socketweld sample tops speed/torque

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Abbreviations with Definitions

S/WTR S/2 s,t&b SA Sab sach Sad Cr sadl saf SAF/DPT SAFE Sal sal sal Sal Bay salv samp SAN San And San Ang San Raf Sana sani sap Sap No. Sara sat Saw Sawth Say Furol SB SB SB sb Sb SBA SBB&M SBHP

sanitary water south half sides, tops, & bottoms seal assembly Sabinetown saccharoidal Saddle Creek saddle safety safety/department surface approximation and formation evaluation Salado salary, salaried salinity Saline Bayou salvage sample sanitary sanitary San Andres San Angelo San Rafael Sanastee sanitary saponification saponification number Saratoga saturated, saturation Sawatch Sawtooth Saybolt furol sideboom sleeve bearing stuffing box sub Sunburst secondary butyl alcohol San Bernardino base and meridian static bottom-hole pressure

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR sc SC SC SC DL SCAF scat (d) scf, SCF scfd, SCFD scfh, SCFH scfm, SCFM sch schem scly scolc scr scr scr scr (d) scrub SCSSV sctrd sd, SD SD sd & sh SD Ck Sd SG Sd SO SDA sdd SDFN SDF sdfract SDG SDL SDO SDO sdoilfract SDON SDP

scales self-contained show condensate slip and cut drill time scaffolding scatter (ed) standard cubic foot standard cubic feet per day standard cubic feet per hour standard cubic feet per minute schedule schematic securaloy scolescodonts scraper scratcher screen screw (ed) scrubber surface-controlled subsurface safety valve scattered sand shut down sand and shale side door choke sand showing gas sand showing oil shut down to acidize sanded shut down for night shut down to fracture sandfracked siding shut down to log show of dead oil shut down for orders sand-oil fracked shut down overnight set drillpipe

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Abbreviations with Definitions

SDPA SDPL SDR sdtkr SDW SDWL SDWO sdwtrfract sdy sdy li sdy sh SE SE NA SE NC SE No. SE NTP SE/C SE/4 Sea sec sec sec sec SECT sed Sedw SEG seis sel Sel SELECT Sen SEO SEP sept seq ser Serp

shut down to plug and abandon shut down for pipeline shut down for repairs sidetrack (ed) (ing) shut down for weather sidewall shut down awaiting orders sand-water fracked sandy sandy lime sandy shale southeast screw end American National Acme thread screw end American National Coarse thread steam emulsion number screw end American National Taper Pipe thread southeast corner southeast quarter Seabreeze secant second (ary) secretary section section (s) (al) (ing) sediment (s) Sedwick segment seismograph, seismic selenite Selma selection (tive) (tor) Senora seal oil separate, separator, separation septuplicate sequence series, serial serpentine

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR Serr serv serv chg set sew SEWOP Sex sext SF sfc SFD SFL SFLU SFO SFP SFT sft SG SG SG & W SG&C SG&D SG&O SGCM SGCO SGCSW SGCW SGCWB SGCWC sgd sgl (s) sh sh SH Shan SHDP Shin shld shls

Serratt service (s) service charge settling sewer self-elevating work platform sexton sextuplicate, sextuplet sandfrac surface system flow diagram starting fluid level slight, weak, or poor fluorescence show of free oil surface flow pressure sample formation tester soft show gas surface geology show gas and water show gas and condensate show gas and distillate show gas and oil slightly gas-cut mud slightly gas-cut oil slightly gas-cut salt water slightly gas-cut water slightly gas-cut water blanket slightly gas-cut water cushion signed single (s) shale sheet substructure height Shannon slim-hole drillpipe Shinarump shoulder shells

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Abbreviations with Definitions

SHLT shly SHM shp shp(g) shpt shr SHT SHTG SHTG shthg SI SIBHP SI SIGW SIH Sil silic silt sim Simp SIOW SIP Siph. d. SITP SIWHP SIWOP sk SK Sk Crk skim Skn skr d sks skt SL sl SL SL

shelter shaly solar heat medium shaft horsepower ship (ping) shipment shear straight-hole test sheeting shortage sheathing shut in shutin bottom-hole pressure shutin casing pressure shutin gas well started in hole Silurian silica, siliceous siltstone similar Simpson shutin oil well shutin pressure Siphonina davisi shutin tubing pressure shutin wellhead pressure shutin, waiting on potential sack (s) sketch Skull Creek skimmer Skinner sucker rod slickensided socket section line sleeve south line state lease

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR SLC sld sli Sli sli SO slky SLM SLNCR slnd SLPR Slt Mtn Slty slty SLUR slv S,ly SM sm SM Smithw Smk smls smpl smth SN SNG SNUB SNUFF SO SO SO SO SO SO&G SO&GCM SO&W SOC SOCM SOCSW

steel line correction sealed slight (ly) Sligo slight show of oil silky steel line measurement silencer solenoid sleeper Salt Mountain salty silty slurry sleeve southerly Seward Meridian (Alaska) small surface measurement Smithwick Smackover seamless sample smooth seating nipple synthetic natural gas snubber, snubbing snuffing shake out shaled out show of oil side opening slip on show oil and gas slightly oil- and gas-cut mud show oil and water start of cycle slight oil-cut mud slight oil-cut salt water

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Abbreviations with Definitions

SOCW SOCWB SOCWC sod gr SOE SOF SOH SOH sol sol soln solv som somct SONL SOOH SOOH SOP SOR sort SOV sow SP SP sp sp sp sp Sp sp SP SP sp sp gr sp ht SP SW sp. vol. SP-DST spcl

slight oil-cut water slight oil-cut water blanket slight oil-cut water cushion sodium-based grease screwed on one end sand-oil fracture shot open hole started out of hole solenoid solids solution solvent somastic somastic coated sonic log started out of hole strapped out of hole standard operational procedure start of run sorted (ing) solenoid – operated valves socket weld self (spontaneous) potential set plug shipping point (purchasing term) shot point slightly porous spare Sparta spore straddle packer surface pressure shipping point (purchasing term) specific gravity specific heat single pole switch specific volume straddle packer drillstem test special

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR spcr spd spdl SPDT SPDT SW spec speck SPF spf spg spg SPGT sph Sphaer sphal spic Spiro. b. spkr spkt spl spl cham spletp SPLTR splty splty SPM Spra sprf Sprin SPST SPST SW SPT sptd sptty Spud Date SPWY sq sq cg sq cm

spacer spud (ded) (der) spindle single-pole double throw single-pole double throw switch specification speckled shot per foot spearfish sponge sponge spigot spherules Sphaerodina sphalerite spicule (ar) Spiroplectammina barrowi sprinkler sprocket sample sample chamber Spindletop splitter specialty splintery strokes per minute Spraberry spirifers Springer single-pole single throw single-pole single throw stitch shallower pool (pay) test spotted spotty date actually started drilling spillway square squirrel cage square centimeter

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Abbreviations with Definitions

sq ft sq in sq km sq m sq mm sq pkr sq yd SQRT sqz SR SR SR SRB SRG SRL SRN srt SRV SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SSA SSG SSO SSO&G SSSV SSU SSUW ST st ST (g)

square foot square inch square kilometer square meter square millimeter squeeze packer square yard (s) square root squeeze (ed) (ing) short radius swab rate swab run (s) sulfate bacteria surge single random lengths straight-run naphtha sort (ed) (ing) safety relief valve sandstone service station shock sub short string single shot slow set (cement) small show stainless steel string shot subsea subsurface spot sales agreement slight show of gas slight show of oil slight show of oil and gas subsurface safety valve Saybolt Seconds Universal salty sulfur water short thread start sidetrack (ing)

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR St L St Ptr St Gen ST&C sta Sta Marg stab STAG Stal Stan stat stat State pot stb, STB stb/d, STBPD stcky std std (s) (g) stdg stdy stdy STDZN Stel steno Stens STG stging STH STIF stip stir stk stk stk stl stm STM stm cyl oil stm eng oil

Saint Louis lime Saint Peter Saint Genevieve short threads & coupling station Santa Margarita stabilized (er) staggered Stalnacker Stanley stationary statistical state potential stock tank barrels stock tank barrels per day sticky stand (s) (ing) standards standing steady study standardization Steele stenographer Stensvad stage straightening sidetracked hole stiffener stippled stirrup stock streak (s) (d) stuck steel steam steel tape measurement steam cylinder oil steam engine oil

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Abbreviations with Definitions

STM TR stn (d) (g) Stn Crl stn/by stncl (d) (g) Stnka stnr stoip stor STP STPR stpr (d) Str strat strd strd strg strg strg (r) stri strk STROH strom strt strtd struc STTD STV stv stwy Sty Mtn styo sub sub sub angl Sub Clarks sub rnd subd SUBST

steam trace (ing) stain (ed) (ing) Stone Corral stand by stencil (ed) (ing) Satanka strainer stock tank oil in place storage standard temperature and pressure strip (per) (ping) stopper (rd) Strawn stratigraphic straddle strand (ed) storage strong string (er) striated streak strap out of hole stromatoporoid straight straightened structure, structural sidetracked total depth stock tank vapor stove oil stairway Stony Mountain styolite, styolitic subsidiary substance subangular sub-Clarksville subrounded subdivision substitute

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR substa suc suct sug sul sul wtr SULF sulf SUM sum Sum Sunb Sund Sup supl supp suppt suprv supsd supt sur Surp SUS susp SUSP CLG SUV SV svc svcu SVI Svry SW SW SW SW SW SW SW&W SW/c

substation sucrose, sucrosic suction sugary sulfur sulfur water sulfur, sulfuric sulfated summarize summary Summerville Sunburst Sundance Supai supply (ied) (ier) (ing) supplement supervisor superseded superintendent survey surplus Saybolt universal seconds suspended suspended ceiling Saybolt universal viscosity solenoid valve service service unit smoke volatility index severy salt wash salt water socket weld southwest spiral weld switch show gas and water southwest corner

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Abbreviations with Definitions

SW/4 Swas SWB swbd swbd SWC SWCM SWD swd SWDS SWDW Swet SWF swgr SWI SWION SWLD SWNP SWP SWR SWRK SWS SWTS SWU sx sxtu Syc Syl sym sym syn syn syn conv SYNS SYNTH sys sz

southwest quarter Swastika seal-welded bonnet swabbed, swabbing switchboard sidewall cores saltwater-cut mud saltwater disposal swaged saltwater disposal system saltwater disposal well sweetening saltwater fracture switchgear saltwater injection shut well in overnight seal weld sidewall neutron porosity steam working pressure statewide rules switchrack sidewall samples salt water to surface swabbing unit sacks sextuple Sycamore Sylvan symbol symmetrical synchronous, synchronizing synthetic synchronous converter synchroscope synthesis system size

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR

T T T T T T&B T&C T&C T.O. T&BC T&G T&R T&W T/ T/Box T/BRD T/C T/C T/pay T/S T/sd TA TA tab TACH Tag Tal Tamp TAN Tan Tann TAPS Tark Tay TB TB

tee tooth, teeth ton (after number-3T) township (as T2N) top and bottom threaded and coupled topping and coking temperature observation top and bottom chokes tongue and groove (t) tubing and rods tarred and wrapped top of (a formation) terminal box terminal board tank car turbine compressor top of pay top salt top of sand temporarily abandoned turn around tabular, tabulating tachometer Tagliabue Tallahatta Tampico tangent Tansill Tannehill Trans-Alaska Pipeline System Tarkio Taylor tank battery thin bedded

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Abbreviations with Definitions

tb TB/BDL TBA TBA TBE tbg tbg chk TBP TC TC TC TC TCC TCC TCC Tcf, TCF Tcf/d TCF/D T TCV TD TD TDA TDI TDR TDT TE tech TEFC tel TEL Tel Cr Temp temp Tens tens str Tent tent Ter termin

tube tube bundle tertiary butyl alcohol tires, batteries, and accessories threaded both ends tubing tubing choke true boiling point temperature controller tool closed top choke tubing choke tag closed cup (flash) thermofor catalytic cracking tubing and casing cutter trillion cubic feet trillion cubic feet per day tricresyl phosphate temperature control valve time delay total depth temporary dealer allowance temperature differential indicator temperature differential recorder thermal decay time temporary technical, technician totally enclosed, fan cooled telephone, telegraph tetraethyl lead Telegraph Creek temperature temporary (ily) Tensleep tensile strength tentaculites tentative tertiary terminate (ed) (ing) (ion)

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR Tex tex Text. art. Text. d. Text. h. Text. w. TFB Tfing Tfks TFNB tfs TG th TH Thay THC THD thd Ther therm therm ckr therst THF THFP thk thrling thrm thru Thur TI ti TIC TIH TIM Timpo tk TKF tkg tkr

Texana texture Textularia articulate Textularia dibollensis Textularia hockleyensis Textularia warreni trip (ped) for bit Three Finger Three Forks trip for new bit tuffaceous temperature gradient thence tight hole Thaynes top hole choke thermal hydrodealkylation thread, threaded Thermopolis thermometer thermal crack thermostat tubinghead flange top hole flow pressure thick, thickness throttling thermal through Thurman temperature indicator tight temperature indicator controller trip in hole Timpas Timpoweap tank tank farm tankage tanker (s)

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Abbreviations with Definitions

tl tl jt TLE TLG TLH TML tndr TNS TO TO TOBE TOC TOC TO Tod TOE TOF TOH tol TOL tolu Tonk tons TOP topg topo TOPS Tor Toro TORT TOS tot Tow TP TP TP TP TP&A TPC

tool (s) tool t thread large end telegraph top of liner hanger tetramethyl lead tender tight no show temperature observation tool open thread on both ends tag open cup (flash) top of cement top of cement plug Todilto threaded one end top of fish trip out of hole tolerance top of liner toluene Tonkawa tons testing on pump topping topographic, topography turned over to producing section Toronto Toroweap tearing out rotary tools top of salt total Towanda tool pusher Travis Peak treating pressure tbg pressure theoretical production and allocation tubing pressure, closed

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR TPF TPF tpk Tpka TPSI TR TR TR trans trans trans transl transp transp TRC Tremp Tren TRG Tri trilo Trin trip Trip trip trip trk trkg Trn TRNDC TRO TRQ trt (r)(d)(g) trtr TRVL TS TS TSD TSE TSE-WLE

threaded pipe flange tubing pressure, flowing turnpike Topeka tubing pressure shut in temperature recorder trace tract transfer (ed) (ing) transformer transmission translucent transparent transportation temperature recorder controller Teremplealeau Trenton to be conditioned for gas Triassic trilobite Trinidad triplicate Tripoli tripolitic tripped (ing) truck trackage Trenton transducer to be conditioned for oil torque treat (er) (ed) (ing) treater travel (ed) (ing) tensile strength topo sheet evaluation temporarily shutdown thread small end thread small end, weld large end

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Abbreviations with Definitions

TSI TSITC TSS tst (r) (g) tste TSTM TT TT TTC TTF TTL TTP TTT TTTT Tuck tuf Tul Cr tung carb TURB Tus TV TVA TVD TVP TW Tw Cr TWI twp TWR twst twst off TWTM TWX ty typ tywr

temporarily shut in temperature survey indicated top cement at Tar Springs sand test (er) (ing) taste too small to measure tank truck through-tubing through-tubing caliber test to follow total time lost through-tubing plug through the tanks turned to test tank Tucker tuffaceous Tulip Creek tungsten carbide turbo, turbine Tuscaloosa television temporary voluntary allowance true vertical depth true vapor process tank wagon Twin Creek techniques of water-resources investigations township tower townsite twisted off too wet (weak) to measure teletype type typical typewriter

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR

U U U/ U/C U/L U/W U/WTR UC UCH UD UFD UG UG UGL UHF ULJ ult UM UMB un UNBAL unbr UNC unconf uncons undiff unf UNF uni Univ UNLD UNLDR UPS UR UR UR

unclassified upper (i.e., U/Simpson) under construction upper and lower used with utility water upper casing use customer’s hose under digging utility flow diagram under gauge underground universal gear lubricant ultra-high frequency perforating, Ultrajet ultimate Umiat Meridian (Alaska) umbrella (s) unit unbalanced unbranded unified coarse thread unconformity unconsolidated undifferential unfinished unified fine thread uniform university, universal unloading unloader uninterruptible power supply underreaming unsulfonated residue used rod

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Abbreviations with Definitions

USG UST UT UT UT UTL UTM UV UV Uvig. lir.

United States gauge ultrasonic test ultrasonic examination upper tubing upthrown utility universal transverse mercator ultraviolet Union Valley Uvigerina lirettensis

V v, V V v. v.n. v.c. V.P.S. v.r. v-f-gr v-HOCM v-sli V/DWG V/L V/S v% va vac vac vac Vag. reg. Val Vang vap (r) var var

volt volume very (as very tight) very noticeable very common very poor sample very rare very fine-grained very heavily oil-cut mud very slight vendor drawing vapor-liquid ratio velocity survey volume-percent Volt-ampere vacant vacation vacuum Vaginuline regina Valera Vanguard vapor (izor) variable, various volt-ampere reactive

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR vari VARN V vel vent Ver Cl Verd vert ves VESS vfg VGC VHF VHGCM VHGCSW VHGCW VHO&GCM VHO&GCSW

variegated varnish vitrified clay pipe velocity ventilator Vermillion Cliff Verdigris vertical vesicular vessel very fine-grain (ed) viscosity-gravity constant very high frequency very heavily (highly) gas-cut mud very heavily (highly) gas-cut salt water very heavily (highly) gas-cut water very heavily (highly) oil and gas-cut mud very heavily (highly) oil and gas-cut salt water VHO&GCW very heavily (highly) oil and gas-cut water VHOCM very heavily (highly) oil-cut mud VHOCSW very heavily (highly) oil-cut salt water VHOCW very heavily (highly) oil-cut water Vi Viola VI viscosity index VIB vibrate (tor) (ing) Virg Virgelle vis viscosity vis visible vit vitreous Vks Vicksburg VLAC very light amber cut vlv valve VM&P varnish makers and painters naphtha Naptha VOC volatile organic compounds Vogts Vogtsberger vol volume vol% volume-percent

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Abbreviations with Definitions

vol. eff. VOLT VP VR vrs vrtb vrtl VRU vrvd VS vs VSC VSGCM VSGCSW VSGCW VSM VSO&GCM VSO&GCSW VSOCM VSOCSW VSOCW VSP VSSG VSSO vt vug vug

volumetric efficiency voltage vapor pressure vapor recovery varas vertebrate vertical vapor recovery unit varved velocity survey versus volumetric subcommittee very slightly gas-cut mud very slightly gas-cut salt water very slightly gas-cut water vertical member very slightly oil and gas-cut mud very slightly oil and gas-cut salt water very slightly oil-cut mud very slightly oil-cut salt water very slightly oil-cut water very slightly porous very slight show of gas very slight show of oil vapor temperature vuggy vugular

W W W w W W W Cr w shd

wall (if used with pipe) water-supply paper watt west wide Wall Creek washed

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR W.O.B. W-F w-hr W&R w/ W/CLR W/L W/O W/O W/SSO W/S TK W/sulf O W/2 w% Wab WAB WACOG WACT Wad WAG Wap War Was WaSd Wash WB WB WB WBIH WC WC WC WC WC WCM WCO WCTS WD WD

weight on bit Washita-Fredericksburg watt-hour wash and ream with water cooler water load west offset without water with slight show of oil welded steel tank water with sulfur odor west half weight-percent Wabaunsee weak air blow Weighted Average Cost of Gas weight averaged catalyst temperature Waddell water-alternating gas (or water and gas) Wapanucka Warsaw Wasatch Waltersburg sand Washita water blanket wet bulb Woodbine went back in hole water closet water cushion (DST) water cut wildcat Wolfe City water-cut mud water-cut oil water cushion to surface water depth water disposal well

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Abbreviations with Definitions

WD Wd R Wdfd WE Web Well WF WF WF WFD WFD WH Wh Dol Wh Sd WHIP whip WHL whse whsle wht Wl Wl Wl Wl Wich Alb Wich. WIH Willb Win Winf Wing Winn WIP WIW wk wk wkd wkg wko

wiring diagram Wind River Woodford weld ends Weber Wellington new field wildcat, dry waterflood wide flange new field wildcat, discovery wildcat field, discovery wellhead white dolomite white sand wellhead injection pressure whipstick wheel warehouse wholesale white washing in water injection working interest wrought iron Wichita Albany Wichita water in hole Willberne Winona Winfield Wingate Winnipeg work in place water injection well weak week worked working workover

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR wkor WL WL WL WL wlbr WLC wld WLD/DET wldr WLT WLTD W’ly WN WNSO WO WO WO wo WO WO WO WOA WOA WOB WOC WOCR WOCT WODP WOE WOG WOG Wolfc WOO Wood Woodf WOP WOP WOP

workover rig water loss well lines west line wireline wellbore wireline coring welded, welding welding detail (s) welder wireline test wireline total depth westerly weldneck water not shut off waiting on wash oil wash over washout wildcat outpost, dry work order workover waiting on acid waiting on allowable waiting on battery waiting on cement waiting on completion rig waiting on cable tools or completion tools waiting on drillpipe successful wildcat outpost waiting on geologist water oil or gas Wolfcamp waiting on orders Woodside Woodford waiting on permit waiting on pipe waiting on plastic

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Abbreviations with Definitions

WOP WOPE WOPL WOPT WOPU WOR WOR WORT WOS WOSP WOST WOT WOT&C WOW WP WP WP WP WPD WPM wpr WPT WR Wref WRG WRTB WS WS WS WS WSD WSD wsh (g) WSIM WSO WSONG WSOOK WST WSW

waiting on pump waiting on production equipment waiting on pipeline waiting on potential test waiting on pumping unit waiting on rig or rotary water-oil ratio waiting on rotary tools washover string waiting on state potential waiting on standard tools waiting on test or tools waiting on tank and connection waiting on weather new pool wildcat, dry wash pipe well pad working pressure new pool wildcat, discovery well pad manifolding wrapper Windfall Profit Tax White River Wreford wiring wash and ream to bottom shallower pool wildcat, dry water saturation whipstock worldscale shallower pool wildcat, discovery whipstock depth wash (ing) water separation index modified water shutoff water shutoff no good water shutoff OK waste water source wells

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR WSW WT wt wt% WTB wtg WTH/PRF wthr(d) wtr (y) wtr. cush WTR/PRF WTR/T WTS WUT WW WW Wx

water supply well wall thickness (pipe) weight weight-percent wash to bottom waiting weatherproof weather (ed) water, watery water cushion waterproof watertight water to surface water-up to wash water water well Wilcox

X X X-bdd(ing) X-hvy X-line X-over X-R X-REF X-SECT x-stg x/n XFMR XHGR Xing Xlam Xln XMTR XO

salt crossbedded, crossbedding extra heavy extreme line crossover X-ray cross reference cross section extra strong crystalline transformer extra-heavy grade pipe crossing cross-laminated crystalline transmitter crossover

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Abbreviations with Definitions

XO-sub xtal Xtree XW XX-Hvy XX-STR

crossover sub crystal Christmas tree salt water double extra heavy double extra strong

Y y yd yel YIL YMD YMY Yoak YP yr Yz

Yates yard (s) yellow yellow indicating lamp your message of date your message yesterday Yoakum yield point year Yazoo

Z zen Zil ZN Zn

zenith Zilpha zinc zone

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR

MISCELLANEOUS 1012 trillion 12 GA W.W.S. 12 gauge wire-wrapped screen (in a liner) 3 PH three phase 3P ST SW triple pole single throw switch 3P SW triple pole switch 4P ST SW four sole single throw switch 4P SW four pole switch 8rd eight round pipe /ft per foot /L line, as in E/L (eastline) % percent °API degrees, API °C degrees Centrigrade, degrees Celcius °F degrees Fahrenheit µg microgram (s)

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Definitions with Abbreviations

A abandoned abandon-salvage deferred abandoned gas well abandoned location abandoned oil & gas well abandoned oil well about above abrasive jet absolute absolute bottom-hole location absolute open flow potential (gas well) absorber absorption abstract abstract (i.e., A-10) abundant accelerometers access accessory, accessories (ing) s receivable accumulative, accumulator acid acid frac acid fracture treatment acid residue acid-soluble oil acid treat (ment) acid water acid-cut mud acid-cut water acidity or alkalinity acidize (ed) (ing) acidized with

abd ASD abd-gw abd loc abd-ogw abd-ow abt abv abrsi jet abs ABHL AOF asbr absm abst A abun ACCEL ACC ACCESS acct A/R accum ac AF acfr AR ASO AT AW ACM ACW pH acd A/

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR acoustic caliper acoustic cement acre feet acre(s), acreage acreage acre-feet acrylonitrile butadiene styrene rubber actual actual drilling actual drilling cost actual drilling time actual jetting time actuated, actuator adapter addition or modification reque additional additive adhesive adjustable adjustable spring wedge adjustments and allowances istration, istrative adomite adsorption advanced aeration, aerator affidavit affirmed after acidizing, as above after condenser after cooler after federal income tax after fracture after receipt of order (purchasing term) after shot after the tanks after top center after treatment agglomerate

CMA A-Cem ac-ft ac ac, acrg ac-ft ABS ACT AD ADC ADT AJT ACT adpt AMR addl add ADH adj ASW A&A ADOM adspn advan AER afft affd AA AF/COND AF/CLR AFIT AF ARO AS ATT ATC AT agim

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Definitions with Abbreviations

aggregate agitator air conditioning air conditioning air cooled air cooler air quality control region air quality maintenance area alarm Alaskan North Slope Albany alcoholic algae alignment (ing) alkaline, alkalinity alkalinity or acidity alkylate, alkylation all thread allocation allowable not yet available allowable, allowance alloy along alternate alternating current altitude aluminum aluminum conductor steel reinforced ambient American melting point American Steel & Wire gauge American Wire Gauge ammeter ammonia ammonia chloride amorphous amortization amount amount not reported

AGGR AG A/C AIR COND A/CLD A/CLR AQCR AQMA alm ANS Alb alc alg ALIGN alk pH alkyl AT ALOC ANYA ALLOW ALY alg alt AC ALT AL ACSR amb AMP AS&W ga AWG AMM NH3 NH4CI amor amort amt ANR

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR ampere ampere hour amphipore Amphistegina analysis, analytical Anchor (age) and husband and husband and others and the following and wife angle, angular angstrom unit Angulogerina anhydrite stringer anhydrite, anhydritic anhydrous annubar annular velocity annulus annunciator apartment apparatus apparent (ly) appears, appearance appliance application applied approved approved total depth approximate (ly) aqueous aragonite Arapahoe Arbuckle Archeozoic architectural area of mutual interest arenaceous

amp amp hr amph amph anal ANC et con. et vir. et al. et seq. et ux. ang Å Angul AS anhy anhyd ANUB AV ann ANUC apt APPAR apr app appl applic appl appd ATD approx aq arag Ara Arb Archeo arch AMI aren

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Definitions with Abbreviations

argillaceous argillite Arkadelphia arkose(ic) armature aromatics around arrange (ed) (ing) (ment) articles published in outside journals/books artificial lift as soon as possible asbestos ashern asphalt. asphaltic asphaltic stain assembly assigned assignment assistant associate (d) (s) association at rate of Atlas Bradford modified atmosphere, atmospheric Atoka atomic atomic weight attach (ed) (ing) (ment) attempt(ed) attorney Audit Bureau of Circulation auditorium Austin Austin chalk Authorization for Commitment Authorization for Expenditure Authorization to Proceed authorized

arg arg Arka ark arm arom arnd ARR OP AL ASAP asb Ash asph astn assy assgd asgmt asst assoc assn ARO ABM atm At at at wt ATT att atty ABC aud Aus AC AFC AFE ATP auth

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR authorized depth Authorized for Construction automatic automatic custody transfer automatic data processing automatic transmission fluid automatic volume control automotive automotive gasoline Aux Vases sand auxiliary auxiliary flow diagram available average average flowing pressure average freight rate assessment average injection rate average penetration rate average treating pressure average tubing pressure aviation aviation gasoline awaiting award azeotrophic azimuth

AD AFC auto ACT ADP ATF AVC auto autogas AV aux AFD avail avg AFP AFRA AIR APR ATP ATP av avgas awtg AWD aztrop az

B back flush back pressure back-pressure valve back scuttled back to back backed out (off ) backwash baffle

BKFLSH BP BPV B/S B/B BO BKWSH BFL

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Definitions with Abbreviations

bailed bailed dry bailer bailer feed water bailing balance ball t ball sealers ball valve Balltown sand band (ed) barge deck to mean low water barite (ic) Barker Creek Barlow Lime barometer, barometric barrel barrel water load barrels acid barrels acid residue barrels acid water barrels acid water per day barrels acid water per hour barrels acid water under load barrels condensate barrels condensate per day barrels condensate per hour barrels condensate per million barrels diesel oil barrels distillate barrels distillate per day barrels distillate per hour barrels fluid barrels fluid per day barrels fluid per hour barrels formation water barrels frac oil barrels fresh water barrels liquid per day

bld B/dry blr BFW blg BAL B/JT BS B/Vlv Ball bnd BD-MLW bar Bark Crk Bar bar bbl BWL BA BAR BAW BAWPD BAWPH BAWUL BC BD BH BMM BDO BD BDPD BDPH BF BFPD BFPH BFW BFO BFW BLPD

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR barrels load barrels load & acid water barrels load condensate barrels load condensate per day barrels load condensate per hour barrels load oil barrels load oil per day barrels load oil per hour barrels load oil recovered barrels load oil to be recovered barrels load oil yet to recover barrels load water barrels load water per day barrels load water per hour barrels load water to recover barrels mud barrels new oil barrels new water barrels oil barrels oil per calendar day barrels oil per day barrels oil per hour barrels oil per producing day barrels per barrel barrels per day barrels per hour barrels per minute barrels per stream day barrels per stream (refinery) barrels per well per day barrels pipeline oil barrels pipeline oil per day barrels salt water barrels salt water per day barrels salt water per hour barrels of water barrels water over load barrels water per day barrels water per hour

BL BL&AW BLC BLD BLH BLO BLOPD BLOPH BLOR BLOTBR BLOYTR BLW BLWPD BLWPH BLWTR BM BNO BNW BO BOPCD BOPD BOPH BOPPD B/B BPD B/hr B/M BPSD B/SD BPWPD BPLO BPLOPD BSW BSWPD BSWPH BW BWOL BWPD BWPH

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Definitions with Abbreviations

Bartlesville basal Basal Oil Creek Sand base Base Blane base of the salt base Pennsylvania base plate base salt basement basement (granite) basic sediment basic sediment and water basket Bateman battery Baumé beaded and center beaded Bear River bearing Bearpaw Beckwith becoming bedding before acid treatment before federal income tax before top dead center Beldon belemnites bell and bell bell and flange bell and spigot Belle City Belle Fourche benchmark bending schedule Benoist (Bethel) sand bent & bowed pipe Benton

Bart bsl BOCS B/ B. Bl B slt BP BSPL B/S bsmt base BS BS&W bskt Bate btry Be B &CB Bear Riv brg BP Beck bec BDNG BAT BFIT BTDC Bel Belm B&B B&F B&S Bel C Bel F BM B/S Ben, BT B&B Ben

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR bentonite benzene benzene toluenexylene (unit) Berea between bevel (ed) bevel both ends bevel large end bevel one end bevel small end beveled for welding beveled end bid summary Big Horn Big Injun Big Lime Bigenerina Bigenerina floridana Bigenerina humblei Bigenerina nodosaria bill of lading bill of material bill of sale billion billion cubic feet billion cubic feet per day billion standard cubic feet billion standard cubic feet per day binary biochemical oxygen demand biotite Birmingham (or Stubbs) iron wire gauge Birmingham wire gauge bitumen bituminous black Black Leaf Black Lime Black Magic (mud)

Bent bnz BTX Be btw bev BBE BLE BOE BSE BV/WLD B.E. BID SUM B. Hn. B. Inj. B. Ls Big. Big. f. Big. h. Big. nod. B/L B/M B/S B BCF, Bcf BCFD, Bcfd Bscf Bscf/D, Bscfd BIN BOD bio BW ga Bwg bit bit blk Blk Lf Blk Li BM

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Definitions with Abbreviations

black malleable iron Black River black sulfur water blank liner blast cabinet blast t bleeding bleeding gas bleeding oil blend (ed) (er) (ing) blew out blind flange Blinebry block block valve blocked off blossom blow blowdown blow-down test blower blowout equipment blowout preventer blowout preventer equipment blue board board foot (feet) Bodcaw body wall loss boiled water boiler boiler feed water boiling point Bois d’ Arc Bolivarensis Bolivina a. Bolivina floridana Bolivina perca Bone Spring

BMI B. Riv BSUW blk lnr Bl/Cb BL/JT bld bld gas bldo BLND BO BLD FLG, BF Blin blk BV BO Blos blo bd BDT BLWR BOE BOP BOPE bl bd bd ft Bod BWL BW BLR BFW BP Bd’A Bol. Bol. a. Bol. flor. Bol. p. BS

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR Bonneterre booster borehole compensated sonic bottom (basic) sediment & water bottom (ed) bottom choke bottom hole bottom-hole assembly bottom-hole choke bottom-hole flowing pressure bottom-hole location bottom-hole money bottom-hole orientation bottom-hole pressure bottom of given formation (i.e., B/Frio) bottom sediment bottom settlings bottom-hole pressure bomb bottom-hole pressure closet (see also SIBHP and BHSIP) bottom-hole pressure flowing bottom-hole pressure survey bottom-hole shutin pressure bottom-hole temperature boulders boundary box (es) box end brace (ing) (ed) brachiopod brackets(s) brackish (water) Bradenhead Flange brake horsepower brake horsepower-hour brake mean effective pressure brake specific fuel consumption brakes break (broke)

Bonne BSTR BHCS BS&W btm (d) btm chk BH BHA BHC BHFP BHL BHM BHO BHP B/ BS BS BHPB BHPC BHPF BHPS BHSIP BHT bldrs bndry bx be BRC brach brkt(s) brksh BHF bhp bhp-hr BMEP BSFC BRKS brk

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Definitions with Abbreviations

breakdown breakdown acid breakdown pressure breaker breccia bridge plug bridged back bridger Brinell hardness number British Standards Institution British thermal unit brittle broke (break) down formation broken broken sand bromide brown brown Brown & Sharpe (gauge) brown lime brown oil stain brown shale brownish bryozoa Buckner buck-off buck-on buckrange budgeted depth buff building building derrick building rig building roads Buliminella textularia bulk plant bulk vessel bull plug bullets

BD BDA BDP BRKR brec BP BB Brid BHN BSI BTU brtl, brit BDF brkn brkn sd brom bn brn or br B&S ga Brn Li BOS brn sh brnsh bry Buck b/off b/on Buckr BD bf bldg bldg drk BR bldg rds Bul. text. BP B/VESS BP blts

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR Bull W bmpr BDL Burg bunr bu BSHG BP mix BB fraction BW, BTWLD BRFL/V, BTFL/V butt BTC BUZ BYP BP/CLR

Bullwaggon bumper bundle Burgess burner bushel bushing butane and propane mix butane-butene fraction butt weld butterfly valve buttress thread buttress thread coupling buzzer by by cooler

C cabinet cable (ing) cable tool measurement cable tools Caddell cium plate cake calcareous, calcerenite calceneous calcite, calcitic calcium calcium-base grease calcium chloride calcium oxcide calculate (ed), calculation calculated absolute open flow calculated open flow (potential) calendar day

CAB CBL CTM CT Cadd CD PL ck calc cale cal calc calc gr CaCl2 CaO Calc CAOF COF CD

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Definitions with Abbreviations

calibrate (tion) caliche California Coordinate System caliper log caliper survey caulking calorie Calvin Cambrian Camp Colorado Cane River canvas-lined metal petal basket canyon capacity, capacitor Captain carbon copy carbon dioxide carbon disulfide carbon monoxide carbon oxygen carbon residue (Conradson) carbon steel carbontetrachloride carbonaceous carburetor air temperature care of Carlile carload Carmel Carrizo carton cased hole cased reservoir analysis casing casing cemented (depth) casing choke casing collar locator casing collar perforating record casing flange

CALIBR cal CCS CAL cal CLKG cal Calv Camb Colo Cane Riv CLMP cany, cyn cap Cap CC CO2 CS2 CO CO CR Con CS carb test carb CAT c/o Car CL Carm Cz ctn C/H CRA csg CC Cck CCL CR CF

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR casing point casing pressure casing pressure, shut in casing pressure, closed casing pressure, flowing casing seat casing set at casinghead flange casinghead gas casinghead pressure Casper cast carbon steel cast iron cast steel cast-iron bridge plug cat-cracked light gas oil Cat Creek Catahoula catalog catalyst, catalytic catalytic cracker catalytic cracking unit cathode ray tube cathodic Cattleman caustic caving (s) cavity Cedar Mountain cellar cellar & pits cellular Celsius cement (ed) cement (ed) (ing) cement dump bailer cement evaluation cement friction reducer cement friction retarder

csg pt, csg press, SI C F CS CSA CHF CHG CHP Casp CCS CI CS CIBP CCLGO Cat Crk Cat CAT CAT Cat ckr CCU CRT cath Ctlmn caus cvg(s) cav Cdr Mtn cell C&P cell C cem cmt (d) (g) CDB CET CFR CFR

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Definitions with Abbreviations

cement in place cement to surface cemented through perforations Cenozoic center (d) center (land description) center line center of casinghead flange center of gravity center of tubing flange center section line center to center center to end center to face centigrade centigram centiliter centimeter centimeter-gram-second-system centimeters per second centipose (s) centistokes central compressor plant Central Delivery Point centralizers centrifugal centrifuge cephalopod Ceratobulimina eximia certified certified drawing outline certified public ant cetane number chain operated chairman chalcedony chalk chalky chamber

CIP CTS ’s Ceno cntr C C/L CCHF CG CTH CSL C to C C to E C to F C cg cl cm cgs cm/sec cs C CDP cent centr cntf ceph Cert. ex. CERT CDO A CN CH OP chrm chal chk chky CHMBR

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR chamfer change (ed) (ing) changed (ing) bits changed drillpipe channel Chappel characteristics charge (ed) (ing) Charles chart Chattanooga shale check check valve checked checkerboard checkered plate chemical oxygen demand chemical products chemical, chemist, chemistry chemically pure chemically retarded acid Cherokee chert cherty Chester chicksan Chimney Hill Chimney Rock Chinle chitin (ous) chloride (s) chlorinator chlorine chlorine long chloritic choke choke Chouteau lime Christmas Tree

CHAM chng CB chngd DP CHNL Chapp CHAR chrg (d) (ing) Char cht Chatt ck CHKV chkd Chkbd CHKD PL COD chem.. prod chem.. CRA Cher cht chty Ches cksn Chim H Chim R Chin chit chl CHLR Cl2 chl log chl ch chk Chou Xtree

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Definitions with Abbreviations

Christellaria chromatograph chrome molybdenum chromium Chugwater Cibicides Cibicides hazzardi Cimarron circle circuit circular circular mills circulate & condition circulate and reciprocate circulate bottoms up circulate (ing) (tion) circulated and conditioned mud circulated and conditioned hole circulated out circumference Cisco Clagget Claiborne clarifier Clarksville class classification clastic Clavalinoides clay filled Claystone Clayton Claytonville clean out clean out & shoot clean up clean (ed) (ing) cleaned out to total depth cleaning out, cleaned out

Cris chromat cr moly chrome Chug Cib. Cib. h. Cima cir cir cir cir mils C&C C&R CBU, ccBU circ C&CM C&CH CO CRCMF Cis Clag Claib CLFR Clarks CL CLASS clas Clav CF clyst Clay Clay CO CO & S CU cln (d) (g) COTD CO

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR cleaning to pits clear, clearance Clearfork clearing Cleveland Cleveland open cup Cliff House clockwise closed closed cup closed hole closed hydrocarbon drain closed-in pressure Clovery Coal Bed Methane coarse crystalline coarse grained coarse (ly) coat and wrap (pipe) coated Cockfield Coconino Codell Cody (Wyoming) coefficient coiled tubing unit coke oven gas cold drawn cold finished cold rolled cold-rolled steel cold water equivalent cold working pressure Coleman Junction collar collect (ed) (ing) (ion) collector Color American Standard Test Method colored

CTP clr Clfk clrg Cleve COC Cliff H cw clsd CC CH CHD CIP Clov CBM crs-xln C-gr crs, c C&W ctd Cf Coco Cod Cdy coef CTU COG CD CF CR CRS CWE CWP Cole Jct COL coll CLTR Col ASTM COL

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Definitions with Abbreviations

column Comanche Comanche Peak comanchean Comatula combined, combination combustion coming out of hole commenced comment commercial commission commission agent commissioner common Common Business-Oriented Language common data base common data base task force communication community commutator compact companion flange bolt and gasket companion flange one end companion flanges bolted on company company operated company-operated service stations comparator compartment compensated neutron log complete (ed) (tion) completed natural completed on pump complete with components components compound compression and absorption plant

COL Com Com Pk Cmchn Com comb COMB COOH comm COMT coml comm C/A commr com COBOL CDB CDBTF comm comm COMUT cmpt CFB & G CFOE CFBO Co Co. Op. Co. Op. S.S. CMPARTR compt CNL comp comp nat C.O.P. C/W COMPT compnts CMPD C&A

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR compression-ignition engine compression ratio compressor compressor station computer computer control system concentrate concentric concentric conchoidal conclusion concrete condensate condensate-cut mud condenser condition (ed) (ing) conductivity conductor (pipe) conduit confidential confirm (ed) (ing) confirming telephone order (purchasing term) confirming telephone order (purchasing term) conflict conglomerate, conglomeritic conglomerate (itic) connection conodonts Conradson carbon residue conserve, conservation consolidated consolidated constant construction consumer tank car consumer tank wagon caliper

CI engine CR compr compr st COMPTR CCS conc cncn conc conch concl conc cond CCM cdsr cond condt condr CND conf conf CTO O confl cglt cong conn cono CCR consv con consol const const CTC CTW C-Cal

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Definitions with Abbreviations

container containment contaminated, contamination continue (ed) continuous blowdown continuous directional service continuous flowmeter continuous weld contour interval (map) contract depth contractor contractor (i.e., C/John Doe) contractor furnished equipment contractor responsibility contribution control (s) control building control valve controller convector, convection converse convert (er) (ed) conveyor cooler cooling water cooling water return cooling water supplying cooling tower cooling tower cooperative coordinate Cooper River Meridian (Alaska) coquina core barrel core hole core (ed) (ing) cored coring corner

cntr CNTN contam cont (d) CB CDS CFM CW CI CD contr C/ CFE contr resp contrib cntl CN/BD CV cntr CONVT conv CVTR cnvr CLR CW CWR CWS CT CLG/TWR co-op coord R coq CB C cr (d) (g) crd cg cor

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR corner corporation correct (ed) (ion) corrected gravity corrected total depth correlation correspondence corrosion corrosion allowance corrugated cost and freight cost insurance and freight cost per gallon Cottage Grove Cotton Valley Council Grove counter electromotive force counter weight counterbalance (pumping equip.) counterclockwise county county school lands coupling cover Cow Run cracker cracking cradle (s) crane crawl beam creek crenulated Cretaceous crinkled crinoid (al) Cristellaria critical critical compression pressure critical compression ratio

CNR Corp corr CG CTD correl corres corr CA corr C&F C.I.F. G Cott G CV Counc G CEMF CNT WT CB ccw Cnty CSL lg CVR CR Crkr crkg CRDL CRN C/BM crk cren Cret crnk Crin Cris crit C CCR

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Definitions with Abbreviations

Cromwell cross crossbedded crossover crown block crude oil crude oil purchasing cryptocrystalline crystalline cubic cubic centimeter cubic centimeter cubic feet gas cubic feet gas per day cubic feet gas per hour cubic feet per barrel cubic feet per day cubic feet per minute cubic feet per pound cubic feet per second cubic foot cubic inch cubic meter cubic meters per day cubic yard cubical culvert cumulative Curtis curve cushion customer cut across grain cut bank cut drilling line cutback Cutler cutting oil cutting oil soluble

Crom CRS crbd CX crn blk CO COP crypto-xln cryst cu cu cm cc cfg cfgd cfgh cu ft/bbl cfd cu ft/min, CFM CFP cu ft/sec, CFS cf cu in. cu m m3/d cu yd CUB culv cum Cur CRV cush CUST CAG Cut B CDL cutbk Cutl Cut Oil Cut Oil Sol

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR cutting oil active-sulfurized-dark cutting oil active-sulfurized-transparent cutting oil straight mineral cuttings cyclamina Cyclamina cancellata cycles per minute cycles per second cyclone cyclone cylinder Cypress Sand cypridopsis

Cut Oil Act Sul-dk Cut Oil Act Sul-transpt Cut Oil St Mrl ctg(s) Cyc Cycl canc. m s CYC cycl cyl Cy Sd cyp.

D daily allowable daily average injection barrels Dakota damper Dantzler dark dark brown oil dark brown oil stains Darwin data processing data sheet date actually started drilling date of first production datum datum faulted out davit day day to day days since spudded

DA DAIB Dak dmpr Dan dk DBO DBOS Dar DP D/S spud date DFP dat, DM DFO DVT D D/D DSS

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Definitions with Abbreviations

dead dead oil show deadweight tester deadweight tons Deadwood deaerator dealer dealer tank wagon deasphalting debutanizer Deca Decatherm decibel decigram deciliter decimal decimeter decline decrease (ed) (ing) Deemed Heating Value deep pool test deepen deepening deethanizer deflection Degonia degree day degree (s) degrees API degrees Centigrade degrees Fahrenheit deisobutanizer Del Rio Delaware delayed coker delivery (ed) (ability) delivery point demand meter demolition

dd DOS DWT DWT Deadw deaer dlr DTW deasph debutzr D DTH db dg dl dec dm decl decr DHV DPT dpn dpg deethzr defl Deg DD deg ºAPI ºC ºF deisobut Del R Dela DC delv delv pt DM dml

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR demurrage dendrite (ic) dense density log department Department of Energy depletion depreciation depropanizer depth depth bracket allowable depth recorder derrick derrick floor derrick floor elevation Des Moines deslater description Desert Creek design desorbent destination desulfurizer desuperheater detail (s) detector detergent detrital develop develop (ed) (ment) development development gas well development oil development oil well development redrill (sidetrack) development well, carbon dioxide development well, helium development well, sulfur development well workover

demur dend ds, dns D/L, DENL dept DOE depl depr deprop dpt DBA dpt rec drk DF DFE Des M desalt desc Des Crk dsgn desorb dstn desulf DSUPHTR det det, DCTR deterg detr, dtr DVL devel D DG DO DO DR DC DH DSU DX

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Definitions with Abbreviations

deviate, deviation deviation degrees Devonian dew point dewatering dewaxing Dexter diagonal diagram diameter diamond bit diamond core diamond core bit diaphragm dichloride dichloro diphenyltrichloroethane diesel (oil) diesel fuel diesel hydrogen desulfurization diesel index Diesel No. 2 diesel oil well diethanolamine diethanolamine unit diethylene different (ial) (ence) differential pressure differential valve (cementing) digging cellar digging cellar and slush pits digging slush pits digital diglycolamine diluted dimension dimethyl sulfide diminish (ing) Dinwoody dipmeter

dev DD Dev DP DWTR dewax Dext diag diag dia DB DC DCB diaph dichlor DDT dsl DF DHDS D.I. D-2 DOC DEA DEA unit diethyl diff D/P DV DC DCLSP DSP DGTL DGA dilut dim DMS dim Din DM

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR direct (tion) (tor) direct current directional drilling directional survey dirty water disposal discharge Discorbis Discorbis gravelli Discorbis normada Discorbis yeguaensis discount discover (ed) (ing) (ion) discovery allowable requested dismantle dismantle (ing) displaced, displacement disseminated distance distillate distillate-cut mud distillate, distillation distribute (ed) (ing) (ion) distributed control system district ditto division division office division order dock operating building Dockum doctor-treatment document document request dogleg severity doing business as dolomite (ic) dolstone domestic domestic airline

dir DC dir drlg dir sur, DS DWD disch Disc. Disc. grav. Disc. norm. Disc. y. disc disc DAR disman dsmt (g) displ dism dist dstl DCM dist distr DCS dist do div D/O D.O. DOBLDG Doc doc-tr doc DOCREQ DLS d/b/a dolo dolst dom dom AL

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Definitions with Abbreviations

domestic water Dornick Hills Dothan double double end double extra heavy double extra strong double hub double pipe double pole double base (switch) double pole double throw switch double pole single base (switch) double pole single throw switch double pole switch double random lengths Douglas down downthrown dozen draft gauge drain drainage drawing drawworks dressed dimension four side dressed dimension one side and one edge dressed four sides dressed one side dressed two sides Dresser Atlas drier, drying drift angle drill drill (ed) (ing) out drill (ed) (ing) plug drill and complete drill collar drill floor drillpipe

DOM WTR Dorn H Doth DBL DE XX-Hvy XX-STR DH DP DPDB DPDT SW DPSB DPST SW DP SW DRL Doug dn DT doz DG dr drng DWG dwks d-d-4-s d-d-1-s-1-e d-4-s d-1-s d-2-s DA dry DA drl DO D/P D&C DC DF DP

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR drillpipe measurement drillpipe unloaded drillsite drillsite facility drillstem drillstem test drilled drilled-out cement drilled-out depth drilled-out plug driller driller’s top driller’s total depth drilling drilling and well completion drilling break drilling deeper drilling line drilling mud drilling suspended indefinitely drilling tender drilling time drilling with air drilling with gas drilling with mud drilling with oil drilling with salt water drillstem test with straddle packers drive (ing) (er) dropped drum druse drusy dry and abandoned Dry Creek dry desiccant dehydrator dry film thickness dry gas dry-hole contribution

DPM DPU DS DSF DS DST drld DOC DOD DOP drlr D/T DTD drlg DWC DB DD DL DM DSI D/T DT DWA DWG DWM DWO DWSW DST (Strd) DRV (R), dr dropd dr, DRM dr drsy D&A Dr Crk DDD DFT DG DHC

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Definitions with Abbreviations

DHC DHDD DHM DHR D DWP DIFL DLC DLT DUC DUT DC Dk Crk DMPD D&B Dup dx dup DUR Dutch DD dyn

dry hole cost dry hole drilled deeper dry-hole money dry hole reentered dual dual (double) wall packer dual injection focus log dual lower tubing dual lower tubing dual upper casing dual upper tubing dually completed Duck Creek dumped Dun & Bradstreet Duperow duplex duplicate duration Dutcher dyna-drilling dynamic

E each Eagle Eagle Ford Eagle Mills Earlsboro early well tie-ins east east boundary line East Cimarron Meridian (Oklahoma) east half east line east of Rockies

ea Egl EF EM Earls EWT E E/BL ECM E/2 E/L EOR

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR east of west line east offset east quarter easterly Eau Claire eccentric echinoid economics, economy, economizer Ector (County, TX) education (tor) Edwards Edwards lime effective effective depth effective horsepower efficiency effluent eight round pipe ejector Elbert elbow electric ing machines electronic log tops electric resistance weld electric weld electric (al) electromagnetic electromagnetic induction electromotive force electron-volts electronic data processing element, elementary elevation (height) elevation ground elevation, elevator Elgin eliminate (tor) (ed) Ellenburger

E of W/L E/O E/4 E’ly Eau Clr ECC ech econ Ect Educ (r) Edw Ed lm eff E.D. EHP eff effl 8rd ejtr Elb ell (s) ELB EAM EL/T ERW EW elec EMN, Elec/MAG EMNI EMF ev EDP elem EL el gr elev Elg ELIM Ellen

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Definitions with Abbreviations

Ellis-Madison Elmont Embar emergency emergency order emergency shutdown employee empty container emulsion enamel enclosure end of file end of line end of month end of quarter end of year end point end to end Endicott endothyra engine engineer (ing) Englewood enhanced oil recovery enlarged Entrada entrance entry envelope environment environmental assessment environmental impact report environmental impact statement Eocene Eponides Eponides yeguaensis equal, equalizer equation (before a number) equilibrium flash vaporization

EMS Elm Emb emer EO ESD empl MT emul enml encl EOF EOL EOM EOQ EOY EP E/E End endo eng engr (g) Eglwd EOR enl Ent ENT ent ENV ENVIR EA EIR EIS Eoc Ep. Ep. y. eq Eq. EFV

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR equipment equivalent erection erection mark Ericson estate estimate (ed) (ing) estimated time of arrival estimated total depth estimated ultimate recovery estimated yearly consumption ethane ethylene ethylene dichloride euhedral European melting point Eutaw evaluate evaporation, evaporate even sorted examination example excavation excellent except exchanger excitation executive executor executrix Exeter exhaust exhibit existing expansion expansion t expected date of delivery expendable plug expense

equip equiv erect ERC/MK Eric est est ETA E.T.D EUR EYC eth ethyle EDC euhed EMP EU eval evap ev-sort EXAM EX exc excl ex exch EXC EXEC Exr Exrx Ex exh exh exist exp EXP JT EDD exp plg exp

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Definitions with Abbreviations

expir E EW expl EX-PRF explos ext (n) Ext M/H extr ext EUE X-hvy XHGR x-stg extrac X-line EP

expire (ed) (ing) (ation) exploratory exploratory well exploratory, exploration explosion proof explosive extended, extension extension manhole exterior external external upset end extra heavy extra heavy grade pipe extra strong extraction extreme line (casing) extreme pressure

F fabricate (ed) (tion) face of stud face to face faced and drilled facet (ed) facility (ies) facility capacity limits failed failure faint faint air blow fair Fall River Farmington farmout farmout option fasten (ing) (er)

fab FOS F to F F&D fac FACIL FCL fld fail fnt FAB fr Fall Riv Farm FO F/O opt FSTN

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR fault faulted out fauna favosites federal Federal Employers Liability Act feed feed effluent feed rate feed water feeder feedstock feet, foot feet per hour feet per minute feet per minute feet per second feet per second feldspar (thic) female female pipe thread female to female angle female to female globe (valve) Ferguson ferric sulfate ferruginous Ferry Lake anhydrite fertilizer fiberglass fiberglass-reinforced plastic fibrous field field authorized to commence operations field fabricated field fuel gas unit field pressure test flow diagram field purchase order field receiving report field wildcat

flt FO fau fvst fed FELA FD FD EFF FR FD/WTR fdr FS ft fth fpm ft/min fps ft/sec fld FEM FPT FFA FFG Ferg Fe2(SO4)3 ferr FLA fert fbrgs FRP fib fld FACO F/FAB FFGU FPTFD FPO FRR FWC

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Definitions with Abbreviations

figure fill up fillet weld filter filter cake filtrate final final (flowing) tubing pressure final boiling point final bottom-hole pressure, flowing final bottom-hole pressure, shut-in Final Environmental Impact Statement final flowing pressure final fluid level final hydrostatic pressure final open final pressure final report for rig final report for well final shutin pressure finding of no significant impact fine fine grained finely finely crystalline finish finish (ed) finished drilling finished in hole fire water fire-resistant oil fireproof Firm Transport fiscal year ending fishing fishing for fissile fittings fixed

fig FU FW FLTR FC filt fin FTP FBP FBHPF FBHPSI FEIS FFP FFL FHP FO FP FRR FRW FSIP FONSI fn f-gr fnly f/xin FNSH fin fin drlg FIH F/WTR F-R oil fprf FT FYE fish, fsg FF fisl ftg fxd

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR fixed carbon fixture flaky flammable flammable liquid building flange (ed) (es) flanged and dished (heads) flange & screwed flanged and spigot flanged gate valve flanged one end, welded one end flash point, Cleveland Open Cup flashing flat face flathead flattened flexible flexibox Flippen float float collar float shoe flotation floating floor floor drain Florence flint flow flow (ed) (ing) flow control valve flow diagram flow-indicating controller flow indicating ratio controller flow indicator flow line flowmeter flow rate flow recorder

FC fix flk FLMB FL/BD flg (d) (s) F&D F/S F&S FGVV FOE-WOE Fl-COC FL FF Flath flat flex FLXBX Flip flt FC FS fltn fltg FL FD Flor fl flo flw (d) (g) FCV F-DIA, F/DIA, FD FIC FIRC FI FL F-MET FR FR

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Definitions with Abbreviations

flow recorder control flow sheet flow station flow switch flowed (ing) at the rate of flowed, flowing flowerpot flowing flowing bottom-hole pressure flowing by heads flowing casing pressure flowing on test flowing pressure flowing surface pressure flue fluid fluid catalytic cracking fluid in hole fluid level fluid to surface fluorescence, fluorescent flush flush t flushed flushing oil focused log foliated foot-candle foot-pound foot-pound per hour foot-pound-second (system) footing, footage for example for your information Foraker foraminifera foreman forge (ed) (ing) forged steel

FRC F-SHT FS F/SW FARO Fl/, fl/ Flwrpt flg FBHP FBH F FOT Flwg Pr, FP FSP flu flu FCC FIH FL FTS fluor FL FJ flshd FLO FOCL fol ft-c ft-lb ft-lb/hr f-p-s ftg e.g. FYI Forak foram f’man FRG FST, FS

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR formation formation density formation density correlated formation density log formation gas-oil ratio formation interval tester formation test formation water Fort Chadborne Fort Hayes Fort Riley Fort Union Fort Worth Fortura forward fossiliferous foundation Fountain four pole single throw switch four pole switch four-wheel drive Fox Hills frac finder (log) fractional fractionation, fractionator, fractional fracture gratient fracture, fractured, fractures fragment frame, framing framework franchise Franconia Fredericksburg Fredonia free on board free point back off free-point indicator freezer freezing point

fm F-D FDC FDL F/GOR FIT FT Fm W Ft C Ft H Ft R Ft U Ft W Fort fwd foss fdn Fount 4P ST SW 4P SW FWD Fox H FF fr fract F.G. frac (d) (s) frag FRM (G) frwk fran Franc Fred Fred FOB FPBO FPI frzr FP

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Definitions with Abbreviations

freight frequency frequency meter frequency modulation fresh fresh break fresh water fresh water friable friction reducing agent froggy from from east line from north line from northeast line from northwest line from south and west lines from south line from southeast line from southwest line from west line front front & side frontier frosted frosted quartz grains Fruitland fuel gas fuel oil fuel oil equivalent fuel oil return fuel oil supply fuels & fabrication fuels & lubricants full freight allowed (purchasing term) full hole full length drift full of fluid

frt freq FM FM frs FB FW fwtr fri FRA Frgy fr FE/L, FEL, fr E/L FN/L, FNL, fr N/L FNEL FNWL FS&WLs FS/L, FSL, fr S/L FSEL FSWL fr W/L, FWL, fr W/L fr F/S Fron fros, fr FQG Fruit FG FO F.O.E FOR FOS F&F F&L FFA FH FLD FF

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR FOH FO Full FCO FV furf FFO furn FURN Furn & fix Fus Fussel Fusul fut

full open head full opening Fullerton functional check out funnel viscosity furfural furnace fuel oil furnace furnish (ed) furniture and fixtures Fuson Fusselman Fusulinid future

G gauge (ed) (ing) Galena Gallatin galled threads gallon (s) gallons acid gallons breakdown acid gallons condensate per day gallons condensate per hour gallons gelled water gallons heavy oil gallons mud acid gallons of oil per day gallons of oil per hour gallons of solution gallons of water per hour gallons oil gallons per day gallons per hour gas-liquid ratio

ga glna Gall gld thd gal GA GBDA GD GH GGW GHO GMA GOPD GOPH gal sol GWPH GO GPD GPH GLR

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Definitions with Abbreviations

gas odor gas odor distillate taste gas pay Gas Production Unit gas purchase contract Gas Research Institute gas reserve group gas rock gas sales contract gas show gas to surface gas to surface (time) gas too small to measure gas unit gas volume gas volume not measured gas well gas well shut in gas-fluid ratio gas-handling study group gas-oil gas-oil ratio gas-water gas-well gas gaseous nitrogen gaseous oxygen gasket gasoline gasoline plant gastropod gathering line gauge gauge (ed) (ing) gauge ring gelled general general agreement General Land Office (Texas) generation, generator

GO GODT GP GPU GPC GRI GRG G Rk GSC GS GRS GTS GTSTM GU GV GVNM GW GWSI GFR GHSG GOC G/O, GOR GWC GWG G-N2 G-O2 gskt gaso GP gast G/L gge ga GR gel genl GA GLO gen

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR geological quadrangle map geology (ist) (ical) geophysical investigation map geophysics (ical) geopressure development, failure geopressure development, success Georgetown geothermal geothermal development, failure geothermal development, success geothermal wildcat, failure geothermal wildcat, success Gibson Gigajoule Gilcrease gilsonite glass, glassy glauconite, glauconitic Glen Dean lime Glen Rose Glenwood globe valve Globigerina Glorieta glycol gneiss going in hole Golconda lime good good fluorescence good odor & taste good show of gas good show oil good show oil and gas good well shutin Goodland Goodwin goose egg Gorham

GQM geol GPM geop PD PDS Geo geo, GT GD GDS GW GWS Gib GJ Gilc gil gls (y) glau GD li GR Glen GLBVV Glob Glor glyc gns GIH Gol gd GFLU gd o&t GSG GSO GSO&G GSI Gdld, Good L Gdwn G egg Gor

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Definitions with Abbreviations

Gouldbusk government governor grade grading grading location gradiomanometer gradual, gradually grain grained (as in fine-grained) grains per gallon gram gram molecular weight gram calorie Graneros granite point field granite wash granite, granular grant (of land) granular graptolite grating gravel gravel packet gravitometer gravity gravityº API gravity meter gray Gray sand Grayburg Grayson greywacke grease greasy green Green River green royalty

Gouldb govt gov gr grdg grdg loc GRAD grad gr gnd gg, GPG gm g mole g-cal Granos GPF gran w gran grt grnlr grap grtg gvl GVLPK grvt grav, gr, GTY, GRVTY gr API G.M. gry Gr Sd Grayb Gray gywk gr gsy grn Grn Riv gr roy

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR green shale Greenhorn grind out gritty grooved grooved ends gross gross acre-feet gross weight ground ground level ground measurement (elevation) group guard log guidance continuance tool guide shoe Gull River gummy gun barrel gun perforate Gunsite gusset gypsiferous gypsum Gyroidina Gyroidina scal

grn sh GH GO grty grv GE grs GAF gr wt gr, grnd GL GM GRP GRDL GCT GS G. Riv gmy GB G/P Guns GUS gypy gyp Gyr. Gyr. sc.

H Hackberry hackly hand hole hand-control valve handle handling handwheel hanger

Hackb hky HH HCV hdl HNDLG HND/WHL hgr

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Definitions with Abbreviations

Haragan harbor hard hard lime hard sand Hardinsburg sand (local) hardness hardware Haskell Haynesville hazardous head header headquarters heat exchanger heat tracing (ed) heat-treated alloy heat-treated, heater treater heater heating and ventilating heating oil heating ventilating and air conditioning heavily heavily (highly) gas-cut salt water heavily (highly) gas-cut water heavily (highly) oil-cut mud heavily (highly) oil-cut salt water heavily (highly) oil-cut water heavily (highly) water-cut mud heavily (highly) gas-cut mud heavily (highly) oil- and gas-cut mud heavy heavy coker gas oil heavy cycle oil heavy duty heavy fuel oil heavy gas oil heavy hydrocrackate heavy oil

Hara hbr hd hd li hd sd Hburg hdns hdwr Hask Haynes haz hd hdr HQ HX, HTX HT HTA HT htr H&V HO HVAC hvly HGCSW HGCW HOCM HOCSW HOCW HWCM HGCM HO&GCM hvy HCGO HCO HD HFO HVGO HUX HO

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR heavy reformate heavy steel drum Heebner height heirs held by production hematite Herington Hermosa Hertz heterostegina hex head hexagon (al) hexane Hickory high detergent high gas-oil ratio high pressure high temperature high tension high viscosity high viscosity index high voltage high volume lift high-level shutdown high-pressure gas high-pressure gauge high-resolution dipmeter high-temperature shutdown highly highway Hilliard hockleyensis Hogshooter hold down hole full of oil hole full of salt water hole full of sulfur water hole full of water

HR HSD Heeb hgt hrs HBP hem Her Herm Hz het HEX HD hex hex Hick HD HGOR HP HT HT HV HVI H-VOLT HVL HLSD HPG HPG HRD HTSD hily hwy Hill hock Hog HLDN HFO HFSW HR Sul W HFW

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Definitions with Abbreviations

hole opener holes per foot Hollandberg Home Creek home office hook up hookwall packer hooper Hoover horizontal horsepower horsepower-hour Hospah hot dry rock development, failure hot dry rock development, successful hot dry rock wildcat, failure hot dry rock wildcat, success hot oil tar hot-rolled steel hour (s) house (ed) (ing) house brand (regular grade of gasoline) Hoxbar Humblei Humphreys hundred weight Hunton hydraulic hydraulic pump Hydril Hydril Thread Hydril Type A t Hydril Type CA t Hydril Type CS t hydro test hydrocarbon hydrocarbon drain system hydrocracker hydrogendelsulfurization

HO, H. O. HPF Holl Home Cr HO HU HWP hop Hov horiz HP hp-hr Hosp HD HDS HW HWS HOT HRS hr, HRS HSE HB Hox Humb Hump cwt Hun HYD HP HYD HYDT HYDA HYDCA HYDCS HYDRO HC HCDS H/C, HC HDS

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR hydrofining hydrogen hydrogen delsulfurization hydrogen ion concentration hydrogen sulfite hydrogenation Hydrologic Investigations Atlas hydrostatic heat hydrostatic pressure hydrostatic test hydrotreater hygiene hyperbolic constant hyperbolic contangent hypotenus hypotenuse hydraulic horsepower

hfg H2 HDS pH H2 S HYGN HIA HH HP HST hydtr Hyg CSCH COTH COSH HYPO HHP

I identification sign identify (ier) (ication) Idiomorpha igneous ignition illuminator (s) imbedded immediate (ly) Imperial Imperial gallon impervious impounding impression block in hole imbedded incandescent inch (es)

I.D sign IDENT Idio ign IGN ILUM imdbed immed Imp Imp gal imperv IMP IB IH imdbed incd in.

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Definitions with Abbreviations

inch-pound inches mercury inches per second incinerator, incineration include (ed) (ing) inclusions income (er) (ing) incorporated increase (ed) (ing) increment indicate (s) (tion) indicated horsepower indicated horsepower hour indistinct individual induction induction electrical survey indurated inflammable liquid inflammable solid inflow performance rate information infrared inhibitor initial initial air block initial boiling point initial bottom-hole pressure initial bottom-hole pressure, flowing initial bottom-hole pressure, shut in initial flowing pressure initial fluid level initial hydrostatic pressure initial mud weight initial open initial participating area initial potential initial pressure initial production

in.-lb in. Hg in./sec INCIN incl incls INCM Inc. incr incr indic IHP IHPHR indst indiv ind IES indr Inf. L Inf. S IPR info IR inhib init IAB IBP IBHP IBHPF IBHPSI IFP IFL IHP IMW IO IPA IP IP IP

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR initial production flowed (ing) initial production gas lift initial production on intermitter initial production plunger lift initial production pumping initial production swabbing initial shutin tubing pressure initial shutin pressure (DST) initial vapor pressure injection gas injection gas-oil ratio injection index injection pressure injection rate injection water injection well injection, injected inland inlet inlet gate valve/inlet ball valve Inoceramus input/output inquire, inquiry inside diameter inside screw (valve) insoluble inspect (ed) (ing) (tion) install (ed) (ing) (tion) install (ing) pumping equipment installation operation & maintenance installation (s) installing (ed) pumping equipment instantaneous instantaneous shutin pressure (frac) institute instrument, instrumentation insulate insulate, insulation insurance

IPF IPG IPI IPL IPP IPS ISITP ISIP IVP IG IGOR II Inj Pr IR IW IW inj inl inl IGV/IBV Inoc I/O INQ ID IS insol insp inst IPE I-O-M instl INPE inst ISIP inst instr insul ins ins

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Definitions with Abbreviations

INT IJ intgr ITD interbd I/CFD I/C, INTCON inclr, INCLR inter-xln int inter-gran, irgr int, INTR inter-lam, inlam intermediate manifolds IMF intermediate pressure IP internal int, INTL internal flush IF Internal Revenue Service IRS internal upset ends IUE Interruptible Transport IT intersect ints intersection int interstitial intl interval intv intrusion intr invert (ed) inv invertebrate invrtb investment tax credit ITC invitation to bid ITB invoice inv Ireton Ire iridescent irid iron Fe iron body (valve) IB iron body brass (bronze) mounted (valve) IBBM iron body brass core (valve) IBBC iron case IC iron pipe size IPS integral integral t integrator intention to drill interbedded interconnecting flow diagram interconnection (ing) intercooler intercrystalline interest intergranular interior interlaminated

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR IPT Fe-st, irst irreg ISO/CKR ISOL isom, ISO IPA isoth ISS Ives

iron pipe thread ironstone irregular isocracker isolate (tor) isometric isopropyl alcohol isothermal issue Iverson

J jacket Jackson Jackson sand jammed jasper (oid) Jefferson jelly-like colloidal suspension jet fuel (aviation) jet perforated jet perforations per foot jet propulsion fuel jet shots per foot jet treating unit job complete jobber t Interest Billing t interest nonoperated (property) t operating agreement t operating provisions t operation t venture t (s) Jordan Joule

jac Jxn, Jack Jax sd jmd Jasp Jeff gel JFA JP JP/ft JP fuel JSPF JTU JC jbr JIB JINO JOA JOP J/O JV jt(s) Jdn J

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Definitions with Abbreviations

jbr Jud Riv jct JB jnk JB JJ J&A Jur juris

jobber Judith River junction junction box junk (ed) junk basket junk t junked and abandoned Jurassic jurisdiction

K killed kiln dried kilocalorie kilocycle kilogram kilogram-calorie kilogram-meter kilohertz kiloliter kilometer kilopascal kilovar-hour kilovar; reactive kilovolt-ampere kilovolt kilovolt peak kilovolt-ampere kilovolt-ampere-hour kilowatt kilowatt-hour kilowatt-hour-meter Kincaid lime Kinderhook kinematic kinematic viscosity

kld KD kcal kc kg kg-cal kg-m kHz kl km kPa kvar-hr kvar kv kvp kva kvah kw kw-h kw-hm Kin, Li, KD Khk Kin KV

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR Kirtland kitchen KMA sand knock down knock out known geothermal resource area Kootenai Krider

Kirt KIT KMA KD KO KGRA Koot Kri

L La Motte labor laboratory ladder ladder & platform lagging laid (laying) down drill collars laid (laying) down drillpipe laid down laid-down cost Lakota laminated, lamination (s) landing land (s) Landulina Lansing lap t lapweld Laramie large large-diameter flow line Large Discorbis latitude Lauders Layton Le Comptom

La Mte lab lab lad L&P LAG LDDCs LDDP LD LDC Lak lam LDG ld(s) Land Lans LJ LW Lar lrg, lg LDFL Lg Disc lat Laud Layt Le C

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Definitions with Abbreviations

leached lead drill collar Leadville league leak leakage lease lease automatic custody transfer lease crude lease operations lease use (gas) Leavenworth left hand left in hole legal subdivision (Canada) length length overall Lennep lense lenticular less than truckload less-than carload lot letter level level alarm level control valve level controller level glass level indicator level indicator controller level recorder level recorder controller license Liebuscella light light barrel light brown oil stain light coker gas oil light fuel oil

lchd LDCX Leadv Lge lk LKG lse LACT LC LOS LU Lvnwth LH LIH LSD lg LOA Len lns len LTL LCL ltr lvl LA LCV LC lg LI LIC LR LRC lic Lieb lt LB LBOS LCGO LFO

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR light hytrocrackate light iron barrel light iron grease barrel light steel drum lighting lightning arrester lignite, lignitic lime, limestone limy limy shale limit, limonite limited line line pipe line pressure line, as in E/L (east line) linear linear foot liner linguloid liquefaction liquefied petroleum gas liquid liquid level controller liquid level gauge liquid oxygen liquid penetrate examination list of components liter lithographic little load load acid load oil load water loader loading loading dock local

LUX LIB LIGB LSD ltg LA lig Li, lm, ls lmy Lmy sh lim ltd LN L.P. LP /L lin lin ft lnr, lin lngl liqftn LP-Gas, LPG liq LLC LLG LOX LPE LST/COMPTS l litho ltl ld LA LO LW LDR LDG L-DK LCL

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Definitions with Abbreviations

local control Local Distribution Company local injections plants local purchase order located, location location abandoned location graded lock locker lodge pole log mean temperature difference log total depth logarithm (common) logarithm (natural) long long coupling long handle / round point long radius long-range automation plan long-range automatic plan long string long-term tubing test long threads and coupling longitude (inal) loop lost circulation lost circulation material Lovell Lovington low pressure low viscosity index low voltage low water loss low-pressure separation low-pressure separator low-temperature extraction unit low-temperature separation unit low-temperature shutdown lower

L LDC LIP LPO loc loc abnd loc gr lk LKR LP LMTD LTD log ln lg LC LH/RP LR LRAP LRP LS LTT LT&C long lp LC LCM Lov Lov LP LVI L-VOLT LWL LPS LP sep LTX unit LTS Unit LTSD lwr, low

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR Lower Albany lower anhydrite stringer lower casing Lower Cretaceous lower explosive limit Lower Glen Dean Lower Menard lower tubing Lower Tuscaloosa Lower, i.e., L/Gallup lube oil lubricate (ed) (ing) (tion) Lueders lug cover type (5-gallon can) lug cover wit pour spout lumber lumpy lustre

L/Alb LAS LC L/Cret LEL LGD LMn LT L/Tus L/ LO lub Lued LC L lbr Lmpy lstr

M machine Mackhank Madison magnetic particle examination magnetic, magnetometer magnetomotive force main reaction furnace, “merf ” maintenance Manitoban major, majority making male and female (t) male pipe thread male to female angle malleable malleable iron

mach Mack Mad MPE mag mmf MRF maint Manit maj MKG M&F MPT MFA mall MI

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Definitions with Abbreviations

management manager manhole manifold Manning manual manually operated manufacture (er) manufactured manufacturing mapping subcommittee Maquoketa Marble Falls marcaroni tubing Marchand marginal Marginulina Marginulina coco Marginulina flat Marginulina round Marginulina texana marine marine gasoline marine rig marine terminal Marine Tuscaloosa marine wholesale distributors market demand factor market( ing) Markham marking marlstone marly Marmaton maroon Marshal (ling) masking plate Massilina pratti massive

m’gmt mgr MH MF, man Mann man, MNL man op MFR mfd mfg MSC Maq Mbl Fls MT March marg Marg. Marg. coco. Marg. fl. Marg. rd. Marg. tex. mar margas MR M/T M. Tus MWD MDF mkt Mark MRK mrlst Mly Marm mar MARSH M/PLT Mass pr. mass

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR massive anhydrite master master circuit board master load list material material safety data sheets material take-off mathematics matrix matter maximum maximum & final pressure maximum allowable operating pressure maximum allowable working pressure maximum casing pressure maximum daily delivery obligation maximum efficient rate maximum flowing pressure maximum operating pressure maximum pressure maximum surface pressure maximum top pressure maximum total depth maximum tubing pressure maximum working pressure Maywood McClosky lime McCullough McElroy McKee McLish McMillan Meakin mean effective pressure mean low water to platform mean low wave mean sea level mean temperature difference measure (ed) (ment)

MA mstr MCB MLL mat’l, mtl MSDS MTO Math Mtx Mat max M&FP MAOP MAWP M MDDO MER MFP MOP MP MSP MTP MTD MTP MWP May McC lm McCul McEl McK McL McMill Meak MEP MLW-PLAT MLW msl MTD meas

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Definitions with Abbreviations

measure of hydrogen potential measured depth measured total depth measuring and regulating station mechanic (al), mechanism mechanical down time mechanical flow diagram mechanical properties mechanism median Medicine Bow Medina medium medium amber cut medium fuel oil medium grained Medrano Meeteetse megacycle megahertz (megacycles per second) megapascal megawatt melting point member (geologic) memo requesting quote (s) memorandum Menard lime Menefee Meramec mercaptan merchandise mercury “merf ”, main reaction surface meridian Mesaverde mesh Mesozoic metal petal basket

pH MD MTD M & R Sta. mech Mech DT MFD MPL mchsm med Med B Med med MAC med FO m-gr, med gr, mg Medr Meet mc MHz mPa MW MP mbr MRQ memo Men li Mene Mer mercap mdse merc MRF merid Mvde M Meso MPB

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR metamorphic meter meter run meter-kilogram methanator methane methane-rich gas methanol methyl chloride methylene blue methylethylketone methylisobutylketone metric mezzanine mhos per meter mica, micaceous micro-microfarad microampere microcrystalline microfarad microfossil (iferous) microgram microgram (millionith) microinch micromicron micron microsecond microvolt microwave middle middle ground shoals middle hydrocrackate Midway mile (s) miles per hour miles per year military

meta m, mtr MR m-kg methr meth MEG methol meth-cl meth-bl MEK MIK metr mezz mho/m mica m-mf m-a, ma micro-xn, micro-x mfd, m-f micfos m-g µg m-in. m-m m, µ microsec., µsec µ-v, µv MW M/, mdl, mid MGS MUX Mwy mi MPH MPY mil

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Definitions with Abbreviations

milky mill wrapped plain end milled milled one end milled one end milled other end milled two ends milliampere millidarcies milligram millihenry milliliter milliliters tetraethyl lead per gallon millimeter millimeters of mercury millimicron milling milling million (i.e., 9MM = 9,000,000) million British thermal units million cubic feet million cubic feet per day million electron volts million reservoir barrels million standard cubic feet per day millions of barrels milliotitic milliroentgen millisecond (s) millivolt mineral mineral interest minerals Minerals Management Service minimum Minimum Daily Quantity minimum pressure Minnekahta Minnelusa

mky MWPE mld Mle M1E MOE M2E ma md mg mh ml ml TEL/G mm mm Hg m millg mlg MM MMBTU MMcf MMcfd MMev MMRVB MMscfd MMBLS mill mr ms mv mnrl MI min MMS min MDQ min P Mkta Minl

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR minor minute (s) Miocene miscellaneous Miscellaneous Field Studies Map miscible substance group Misener Mission Canyon Mississippian mix and pump mixed mixer mixing mobile model moderate (ly) modification modular Moenkopi moisture impurities and unsaponifiabales (grease-testing) molar molas mole molecular weight molecule, molecular mollusca molybdenum Monel drill collars monitor monoethanolamine monthly volume operation plan Montoya Moody’s Branch Moore County lime Mooringsport more or less Morrison Morrow

MNR min Mio misc MFSM MSWG Mise Miss Cany Miss M&P mxd mix MIXG mob mod mod mod modu Moen MIU M mol mol mol wt MOL mol MO MDC mon MEA MVOP Mont MB MC ls Moor m/l Morr Mor

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Definitions with Abbreviations

mortgage Mosby motor motor control center motor generator motor medium motor octane number motor oil motor oil units motor severe motor vehicle fuel tax motor vehicle, motor vessel mottled Mount Selman mounted mounting mousehole moving moving (moved) in double drum unit moving in (equipment) moving in and rigging up moving in cable tools moving in completion rig moving in equipment moving in materials moving in pulling unit moving in rig moving in rigging up swabbing units moving in rotary tools moving in service rig moving in standard tools moving in tools moving out moving out (off ) cable tools moving out (off ) rotary tools moving out completion unit moving out equipment moving out rig Mowry

mtge Mos MTR, mot MCC mg MM MON MO MOU MS MVFT M/V mott Mt. Selm mtd mtg MH movg MIDDU MI MIRU MICT MICR MIE MIM MIPU MIR MIRUSU MIRT MISR MIST MIT MO MOCT MORT MOCU MOE MOR Mow

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR Mt. Diablo mud acid mud acid wash mud cake mud cleanout agent mud cut mud filtrate mud logger mud logging unit mud to surface mud weight mud-cut acid mud-cut gas mud-cut oil mud-cut salt water mud-cut wayer mud/silt remover muddy muddy salt water muddy water mudstone multigrade multiple service acid multiply, multiplexer multipurpose multipurpose grease lithium base multipurpose grease soap base muscovite

MD MA MAW MC MCA MC MF ML MLU MTS md wt, MW MCA MCG MCO MCSW MCW MSR Mdy MSW MW mudst MG MSA MULTX MP MPGH-lith MPGR-soaap musc

N Nacotoch nacreous nameplate naphfining unit naptha naptha-hydrogen desulfurization

Nac nac NP NU nap NHDS

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Definitions with Abbreviations

narrative national national coarse thread National Electric Code National Fine (thread) National pipe thread National pipe thread, female National pipe thread, male National pollution discharge elimination system natural natural flow natural gas natural gas liquids nautical line Navajo Navarro Naval Petroleum Reserve Naval Petroleum Reserve, Alaska negative negligible negotiation neoprene net effective pay net positive suction head net revenue interest net tons neutral neutralization neutralization number neutron lifetime log New Albany shale new bit new field discovery new field wildcat new field wildcat, discovery new field wildcat, dry new oil new oil new pool discovery new pool exempt (nonprorated)

NARR nat’l NCT NEC NF NPT NPTF NPTM NPDES nat NF NG NGL NMI Nav Navr NPR NPRA neg neg NEGO npne NEP NPSH NRI NT neut Nuet. No. NLL New Alb NB NFD NFW WFD WF NO NPD NPX

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR new pool wildcat new pool wildcat, discovery new pool wildcat, dry new rod new rod new source performance standards new total depth Newburg Newcastle Niagra nickel plated Ninnescah Niobrara nipple nipple (ed) (ing) down blowout preventers nipple (ed) (ing) up blowout prevents nipple-down tree nipple-up tree nippled (ing) up nippled down nippling up wellhead nitrogen nitrogen blanket nitroglycerine no appreciable gas no change no core no fluid no fluorescence no fluorescence or cut no fuel no gas to surface no gauge no good no increase no order required no paint on seams no production nipple-down tree

NPW WPD WP NR NSPS NTD Nbg Newc Nig NP Nine Niob nip, NPL NDBOPs NUBOPs NDT NUT NU, UP ND NUWH N2 NB nitro NAG NC NC NF NF NFOC NF NGTS NG NG No Inc NOR NPOS NP NDT

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Definitions with Abbreviations

nipple-up tree nippled (ing) up nippled down nippling up wellhead nitrogen nitrogen blanket nitroglycerine no appreciable gas no change no core no fluid no fluorescence no fluorescence or cut no fuel no gas to surface no gauge no good no increase no order required no paint on seams no production no recovery no report, not reported no show no show fluorescence or cut no show gas no show oil no test no time no visible porosity no water Noble-Olson Nodosaria blanpiedi Nodosaria mexicana nodule, nodular nominal nominal pipe size noncontiguous tract nondestructive testing

NUT NU, UP ND NUWH N2 NB nitro NAG NC NC NF NF NFOC NF NGTS NG NG No Inc NOR NPOS NP no rec, NR NR NS NSFOC NSG NSO N/tst NT NVP NW NO Nod. blan. Nod. Mex. nod nom NPS NCT NDT

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR nondetergent nonemulsifying agent nonemulsion acid nonleaded gas nonoperated t ventures nonoperating property nonporous nonproducer nonreturnable steel barrel nonreturnable steel drum nonreturnable, no returns, not reached nonrising stem (valve) nonstandard nonstandard service station nonupset nonupset ends nonemulsifying agent nonflammable compressed gas Nonionella Nonionella Cockfieldensis Noodle Creek normal normal (to express concentration) normally closed normally open north north half north line north offset north quarter northeast northeast corner northeast line northeast quarter northerly Northern Alberta Land Registration northwest northwest corner northwest line

ND NE NEA NL Gas NOJV NOP NP NP NRSB NRSD NR NRS nstd N/S S/S NU NUE NE nonf G Non N. Cock. Ndl Cr nor N NC NO N N/2 NL N/O N/4 NE NEC NEL NE/4 N’ly NALRD NW NW/C NWL

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Definitions with Abbreviations

northwest quarter Northwest Territories not applicable not available not completed not deep enough not drilling not in contract not on bottom not prorated not pumping not suitable for coating not to scale not yet available not yet drilled Notary Public notice of intention to drill notice of violation notice to proceed nozzle nugget number number (before a number, i.e., No. 3) numerous nylon

NW/4 NWT NA NA NC NDE ND NIC NOB NP NP NSC NTS NYA NYD NP NID NOV NTP noz Nug NO No. num NYL

O Oakville object observation obsolete occasional (ly) ocean bottom suspension octagon, octagonal octane octane number requirement

Oakv obj OBS obsol occ OBS oct oct ONR

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR octane number requirement increase O’Dell odor odor, stain and fluorescence odor, taste & stain odor, taste, stain and fluorescence off bottom offshore off / on location office, official official potential test offsite ohm ohm-centimeter ohmmeter oil oil abandoned well oil and gas Oil and Gas Investigations Chart oil and gas lease oil and gas-cut acid water oil and gas-cut load water oil and gas-cut mud oil and gas-cut salt water oil and gas-cut sulfur water oil and gas-cut water oil and salt water oil and sulfur water-cut mud oil and water oil-based mud oil circuit breaker Oil Creek oil cut oil down to oil emulsion oil emulsion mud oil fluorescence oil fractured oil immersed, water cooled

ONRI Odel od OS&F OT&S OTS&F OB offsh OL off OPT OFS ohm ohm-cm ohm-m O OAW O&G OCO&GL O&GCAW O&GCLW O&GCM O&GCSW O&GC SULW O&GCW O&SW O&SWCM O&W OBM OCB Oil Cr OC ODT OE OEM OFLU oilfract OIWC

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Definitions with Abbreviations

oil in hole oil in place oil in tanks oil insulated oil insulated fan cooled oil insulated, self-cooled oil odor oil pay oil payment interest oil sand oil show oil stain oil standing in drillpipe oil string flange oil to surface oil unit oil well flowing oil well from water flood oil well gas oil well shut in oil-cut mud oil-cut salt water oil-cut water oil-powered total energy oil-soluble acid oil-water old plugback old plugback depth old total depth oil well drilled deeper old well plugged back old well sidetracked old well worked over olefin Oligocene on center one thousand foot-pounds one thousand pounds ooliclastic

OIH OIP OIT OI OFIC OISC OO OP OPI O sd OS OSTN OSIDP OSF OTS OU OWF OWFWF OWG OSI OCM OCSW OCW OTE OSA OWC OPB OPBD OTD OWDD OWPD OWST OWWO ole Olig OC kip-ft kip ooc

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR oolimoldic oolitic open (ed) (ing) open choke open cup open end open flow open flow potential open hearth open hole open line (no choke) open-top tank open tubing open-file report operate, operations, operator operation shutdown operations and maintenance operations commenced Operculinoides opposite optimum bit weight and rotary speed option to farmout optional orange Ordovican Oread organic organization orientation oriented microresistivity orifice orifice flange one end original oil in place original stock tank oil in place original total depth original, originally Oriskany orthoclase Osage

oom ool opn OC OC OE OF OFP OH OH, op hole OL O/T tk OT OF oper OSD O&M OC Operc opp OBW & RS optn to F/O OPTL OR Ord Or org org ORIENT OMRL orf OFOE OOIP OSTOIP OTD orig Orisk orth Os

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Definitions with Abbreviations

Osborne Ostracod Oswego other end beveled ounce Ouray out of service over and short (report) out of stock outboard motor oil Outer Continental Shelf outlet outline outpost outside diameter outside screw and yoke (valve) overexpenditure overhead overproduced overall overall height overall length overflush (ed) overhead overriding royalty overriding royalty interest overseas procurement office overshot overtime oxidized, oxidation oxygen

O ost Osw OEB oz Our O/S O/S OBMO OCS otl, OUT OLN OP OD OS&Y OE OH OP OA OAH OAL OFL ovhd ORR ORRI OPO OS OT ox oxy

P Pacific Outer Continental Shelf packed packer packer set at

POCS pkd pkr PSA

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR packing, package (ed) Paddock page (before a number, i.e., p. 4) Pahasapa paid Paint Creek pair paleontology Paleozoic Palo Pinto Paluxy board Panhandle Lime Paradox Park City parish parrafins-olefins-napthenes-aromatics party, partly partial participating area partings partition partly parts per billion parts per million Pascal patent (ed) pattern pavement paving Pawhuska payment pearly pebble, pebbly Pecan Gap Pecan Gap chalk pedestal pelecypod

pkg (d) Padd p. Paha pd PC pr Paleo Paleo Palo P Pal, Pxy pnl PNL BD Pan L Para Park C Ph PONA pt PART PA prtgs PTN ptly ppb ppm Pa pat patn pvmt pav Paw pymt prly pbl (y) PG PGC PED plcy

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Definitions with Abbreviations

pellletal, pelletoidal penalty, penalize (ed) (ing) penetration asphalt cement penetration index penetration, penetration test Pennsylvanian Pensky Martins Pensky-Martins (flash) per-acre bonus per-acre rental percent per day per foot percolation perforate (ed) (ing) (or) perforated casing perforating hyper select perforating, Enerjet perforating, Hyperdome perforating, Hyperdome II perforating, Ultrajet performance evaluation and review technique Performance Number (aviation gas) period peripheral wedge zone permanent permanent type completion permanently shut down permeable (ability) Permian permit perpendicular personal and confidential personnel petrochemical petroleum petroleum and natural gas petroliferous

pell penal Pen A.C. PI pen Penn P-M P-M PAB PAR pct, % PD /ft, pft perco perf perf csg H-SEL EJ HD P-HDII ULJ PERT PN prd PWZ perm PTC PSD perm Perm prmt perp P&C pers petrochem pet P & NG petrf

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR Pettet Pettit Pettus sand phase Phosphoria Phrohotite picked up picking up drillpipe Pictured Cliff piece pilot pilot loaded valve pin end Pin Oak Pine Island pink pinpoint pinpoint porosity pint pipe buttweld pipe electric weld pipe lapweld pipe seamless pipe sleeve pipe spiral weld pipe to soil potential pipe-handling capacity pipeline pipeline oil pipeline terminal pipeway piping piping and instrument diagrams piping diagram pisolites, pisolitic pitted plagioclase plain both ends plain end

Pet Pett Pet sd ph Phos po PU PUDP Pic Cl pc plt PLV pe P.O. PI pk pinpt, PP PPP pt PBW PEW PLW PSM PSL PSW PTS pot PHC PL PLO PLT PWY ppg P&IDS P/DIA piso pit plg PBE PE

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Definitions with Abbreviations

plain end beveled plain large end plain one end plain small end plan plan of development plant plant (pressure) volume reduction plant fossils Planulina harangensis Planulina palmarie plaster plastic plastic viscosity plate platform platy please note and return Pleistocene Pliocene plug plug down plug on bottom plugged plugged and abandoned plugged back plugged-back depth plugged back total depth plumbing plunger pneumatic Podbielniak point Point Lookout poison poker chipped polish (ed) polished rod polyethylene

PEB PLE POE PSE pln POD plt PVR pl fos Plan. har. Plan. palm. PLASR plas PV PL platf plty PNR Pleist Plio Pg PD POB plgd P&A PB PBD PBTD PLMB plngr pneu Pod. pt Pt Lkt pois PC pol PR poly cl

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR polymerization, polymerized polymerized gasoline polypropylene polyvinyl chloride Pontotoc pooling agreement poor porcelaneous porcion pore volume porosity and permeability porosity, porous porous and permeable port collar portable Porter Creek position positive positive crankcase ventilation possible (ly) Post Laramine Post Oak postweld heat treatment potable water potential potential difference potential test potential test to follow pound pound-inch pounds per barrel pounds per cubic foot pounds per gallon pounds per square foot pounds per square inch pounds per square inch absolute pounds per square inch gauge pour point (ASTM method) power

poly polygas polypl PVC Pont PA pr porc porc PV P&P por P&P pc port PC pos pos PCV poss P Lar P.O. PWHT POT/WTR pot pot dif PT PTTF lb lb-in. PPB PCF PPG psf, lb/sq ft psi, PSI psia, PSIA psig, PSIG pour ASTM PWR

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Definitions with Abbreviations

power distribution center power distribution system power factor power factor meter Precambrian precast precipitate precipitation number precipitator predominant prefabricated preferred prefractionator preheater preliminary prepaid prepare, preparing, preparation preparing to take potential test present depth present operations present production present total depth present worth at discount rate of 15% pressed distillate pressure pressure alarm Pressure Base pressure control valve pressure differential controller pressure differential indicator pressure differential indicator controller pressure differential recorder pressure differential recorder controller pressure indicator pressure indicator controller pressure recorder pressure recorder control pressure safety valve

PDC PDS PF PFM Pre Camb prcst ppt ppn no PRECIP predom prefab pfd PFRACT prehtr prelim prem ppd Prep PRPT PD pr op P.P. PTD PW(15) PD press PA PB PCV PDC PDI PDIC PDR PDRC PI PIC PR PRC PSV

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR pressure seal bonnet pressure switch pressure-volume temperature prestressed prevent, preventive prevention of significant deterioration, EPA previous previous daily average primary Primary Reference Fuel principal principal lessee (s) prism (atic) private branch exchange privilege probable (ly) process process & instrument diagram process flow diagram Process Performance Index produce (ed) (ing) (tion), product (s) producing gas well producing oil and gas well producing oil well producing oil well, flowing producing oil well, pumping producing well production department exploratory test production management production payment production payment interest production test flowed production test pumped productivity index professional paper profit and loss profit-sharing interest progress

PSB PS PVT prest prev PSD PREV PREV DO AVG pri PRF prin prnl lss prsm PBX priv prob proc P & ID PFD PPI prod PGW POGW POW POWF POWP PW PDET PML PP PPI PTF PTP PI PP P&L PSI prog

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Definitions with Abbreviations

project (ed) (ion) project ultimate cost projected total depth propane property property line proportional propose (ed) proposed bottom-hole location proposed depth proposed total depth prorated prospect protection Proterozoic provincial pseudo public address public relations Public School Land pull (ed) rods and tubing pull (put) out of hole pulled pulled (put) out of hole pulled bid pipe pulled out pulled pipe pulled up pulled up in casing pulling pulling tubing pulling tubing and rods pulsation dampner pulse (sating) (sation) pump pump and flow pump building pump in pump jack

proj PUC PTD LPG PROP PL prop prop PBHL PD PTD pro Psp prot Protero Prov pdso, ps PA PR PSL PR&T POOH pld POH PBP PO PP PU PUIC plg PTG PTR PD PULS P/ P&F P/BLDG PI PJ

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR PJ POB PP PS P tstg PIP pmp (d) (g) PD PE PFT PLO PU PO PO PURCH PR PURF purp POP pyr pyrbit pyrclas pyls

pump job pump on beam pump pressure pump station pump testing pump-in pressure pump (ed) (ing) pumper’s depth pumping equipment pumping for test pumping load oil pilot pumping unit pumps off purchase order purchasing purchasing request purification purple putting on pump pyrite, pyritic pyrobitumen pyroclastic pyrolysis

Q quadrant quadrant, quadrangle, quadruple qualitative quality quality assurance quality control quality discount allowance quantity quarry quart (s) quarter

QDRNT quad QUAL qual QA Q.C., QC QDA qty qry qt qtr

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Definitions with Abbreviations

qtz qtzose Q. City Q. sd qnch quest QRC quint

quartz, quartzite, quartzitic quartzose Queen City Queen Sand quench questionable quick ram change quintuplicate

R rack radiant radiation radical radioactive radiographic examination radiological radius radius railing railroad rainbow show of oil raised face raised face, flanged end raised face, slip on raised face, smooth finish raised face, weld neck Ramsbottom Carbon Residue ran (running) rods and tubing ran in hole random lengths range Ranger rankine (temp.scale) rapid curing rat hole

RK RADT radtn rad RA RT rad R rad rlg RR RBSO RF RFFE RFSO RFSF RFWN RCR RR&T RIH RL rge Rang R RC RH

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR rat hole mud rate of penetration rate of return rate too low to measure rating raw gas raw gas lift re-evaluation for overoptimism reabsorber reacidize (ed) (ing) reaction (ed) ready for rig ream reamed reaming reboiler received receiver receptable reciprocate (ing) recirculate recommend recommended spare part recomplete (ed) (ion) recompressor recondition (ed) record (er) (ing) recover (ed) (ing), recovery recovery rectangle, rectangular rectifier recycle recycle red beds Red Cave Red Fork red indicating lamp Red Oak Red Peak

RHM ROP ROR RTLTM rtg RG RAGL REFOO REABS reacd react RFR rm rmd rmg RBLR recd recr re, RT recip recirc rec R-SP recomp RECOMP recond rec rec RCVY rect rect recy, RCYL recy, RCYL Rd Bds RC Rd Fk RIL R.O. Rd Pk

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Definitions with Abbreviations

Red River redrilled reducer reducing balance reducing, reducer reference refine (ed) (er) (ry) Refinery Technology Laboratory refining reflect (ed) (ing) (tion) reflux reformate (er) (ing) reformer refraction, refractory refrigeration building refrigerator (rant) (tion) regenerator regular acid regular, regulator Reid vapor pressure reinforce (ed) (ing) (ment) reinforced concrete reinforcing bar reject rejection Reklaw relative humidity relay release (ed) (ing) released swab unit relief relief valve relocate (ed) remains remedial remote control remote operating system (station)

RR redrld, RR RDCR red bal red ref ref RTL refg refl, RFLCT refl reform REFMR refr RFG/BD REFRIG regen reg, RGTR R/A reg RVP reinf reinf conc rebar rej rej’n Rek RH rly rls (ed) (ing), red RSU rlf RV reloc rmns, rems rem RC ROS

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR remote terminal unit remove (al) (able) Renault rental Reophax bathysiphoni repair (ed) (ing) (s) repairman reperforated replace (ed) replace (ment) report reported request request for proposal request for quote required requirement requisition research research and development Research Octane Number reserve (ation) reservoir reservoir description service residual, residue resinous resistance, resistivity, resistor resistivity resistivity as recorded from 16” electrode configuration resistivity invaded zone resistivity, flushed zone resistivity, mud resistivity, mud filtrate resistivity, water resistivity, water (apparent) resistor (s) retail pump price retain (er) (ed) (ing)

RTU rmv (l) Ren rent Reo. bath. rep rpmn reperf rep repl rep, RPRT rptd REQ RFP RFQ reqd reqmt req res R&D Res. O. N., RON res rsvr RDS resid rsns res R R(16”) RIZ Rxo Rm Rmf Rw Rwa RESIS RPP ret, rtnr

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Definitions with Abbreviations

retard (ed) retrievable retrievable bridge plug retrievable retainer retrievable test treat squeeze (tool) return return on investment returnable steel drum returned returned well to production returning circulation oil reverse (ed) reverse circulation reverse circulation rig reversed out revise (ed) (ing) (ion) revolution (s) revolutions per minute revolutions per second rework (ed) rheostat ribbon sand rich oil fractionator Rierdon rig rig (ged) (ging) up rig floor rig on location rig released rig repair rig service rig skidded rig time rig-up casing crew rigged (ing) down rigged down, moved out rigged-down swabbing unit rigging rotary rigging-up cable tools rigging-up machines

rtd retr RBP retr ret RTTS ret ROI RSD retd RWTP RCO res, rev (d) RC RCR rev/O, RO rev rev rpm rps rwk (d) rheo Rib ROF Rier RU RF ROL RR, R Rel RR RS RS RT RUCC RD RDMO RDSU RR RUCT RUM

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR rigging-up pump rigging-up rotary tools rigging-up service rig rigging-up standard tools rigging-up swabbing unit rigging-up tools right angle right hand righthand door right of way ring ring groove ring t ring t, flanged end ring tool t ring-type t rising stem (valve) rivet road (s) road & location road & location complete Robulus rock rock bit rock pressure Rockwell hardness number rocky Rodessa rods and tubing roentgen roofing room root mean square rose Rosiclare sand rotameter rotary bushing rotary bushing measurement rotary drive bushing

RUP RURT RUSR RUST RUSU RUT RA RH RHD ROW rg RG RJ RJFE RTJ RTJ RS riv., RVT rd (s) R&L R&LC Rob rk RB RP RHN rky Rod R&T r RFG rm RMS ro Ro sd RTMTR RB RBM RDB

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Definitions with Abbreviations

rotary drive bushing to ground rotary kelly bushing rotary time rotary test rotary tools rotary total depth rotary unit rotary, rotate, rotator rotative gas lift rough rough order of magnitude round round thread round trip round trip changed bit rounded routing rows royalty royalty interest rubber rubber ball sand water frac rubber ball sand oil frac rubber balls run of mine running running casing running electric log running radioactive log running tubing rupture rust and oxidation

RDB-GD RKB RT R test RT RTD RU rot ROGL rgh ROM rd rd thd rdtp RT CB rdd, rnd RTG R roy RI rbr, rub RBSWF RBSOF Rbls ROM rng RC REL RALOG RTG rupt R&O

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR

S Sabinetown saccharoidal sack (s) saddle Saddle Creek safety safety relief valve safety/department Saint Genevieve Saint Louis lime Saint Peter Salado salary, salaried Saline Bayou salinity salt salt and pepper Salt Mountain salt wash salt water salt water to surface saltwater-cut mud saltwater disposal saltwater disposal system saltwater disposal well saltwater fracture saltwater injection salty salty sulfur water salvage sample sample chamber sample formation tester sample tops San Andres

Sab sach sk, sx sadl Sad Cr saf SRV SAF/DPT St Gen St L St Ptr Sal sal Sal Bay sal X s&p Slt Mtn SW SW, swtr, XW SWTS SWCM SWD SWDS SWDW SWF SWI Slty SSUW salv samp, smpl, spl splcham SFT S/T San And

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Definitions with Abbreviations

San Angelo San Bernardino base and meridian San Rafael Sanastec sand sand and shale sand-oil fracked sand-oil fracture sand showing gas sand showing oil sand-water fracked sanded sandfracked sandstone sandy sandy lime sandy shale sanitary sanitary water Santa Margarita saponification saponification number Saratoga Satanka saturated, saturation Sawatch Sawtooth Saybolt furol Saybolt Seconds Universal Saybolt universal viscosity scaffolding scales scatter (ed) schedule schematic scolescodonts scraper scratcher screen

San Ang SBB&M San Raf Sana SD, sd sd & sh sdoilfract SOF Sd SG Sd SO sdwtrfract sdd sdfract, SF SS sdy sdy li sdy sh SAN, sani S/WTR Sta Marg sap Sap No. Sara Stnka sat Saw Sawth Say Furol SSU SUV SCAF sc scat (d), sctrd sch schem scolc scr scr scr

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR screw (ed) screw end American National Acme thread screw end American National Coarse thread screw end American National Taper Pipe thread screwed and socketweld screwed end screwed on one end scrubber sea level Seabreeze seal assembly seal oil seal weld seal-welded bonnet sealed seamless seating nipple secant second (ary) secondary butyl alcohol seconds secretary section section (s) (al) (ing) section line section-township-range securaloy sediment (s) Sedwick segment seismograph, seismic selection (tive) (tor) selenite self (spontaneous) potential self-contained self-elevating work platform

scr (d) SE NA SE NC SE NTP S/SW S/E SOE scrub S.L. Sea SA SEO SWLD SWB sld smls SN sec sec SBA S, sec sec sec SECT SL S-T-R scly sed Sedw SEG seis SELECT sel SP SC SEWOP

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Definitions with Abbreviations

Selma Senora separate, separator, separation septuplicate sequence series, serial serpentine Serratt service service charge service unit set drillpipe set plug settling Seven Rivers service station severy Seward Meridian (Alaska) sewer sexton sextuple sextuplicate, sextuplet shaft horsepower shake out shale shaled out shaly shallower pool (pay) test shallower pool wildcat, discovery shallower pool wildcat, dry Shannon shear sheathing sheet sheeting shell and tube shells shelter Shinarump

Sel Sen SEP sept seq ser serp Serr svc, serv serv chg svcu SDP SP set S Riv SS Svry SM sew Sex sxtu sext shp SO sh SO shly SPT WSD WS Shan shr shthg sh SHTG S&T shls SHLT Shin

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR ship (ping) shipping point (purchasing term) shipment shock sub shop fabrication short radius short string short thread short threads & coupling shortage shot open hole shot per foot shot point shoulder show condensate show gas show gas and condensate show gas and distillate show gas and water show of dead oil show of free oil show gas and oil show of oil show oil and gas show oil and water shut down shut down awaiting orders shut down for orders shut down for night shut down for pipeline shut down for repairs shut down for weather shut down overnight shut down to acidize shut down to fracture shut down to log shut down to plug and abandon shut in shutin bottom-hole pressure

shp(g) s/p, sp shpt SS S/FAB SR SS ST ST&C SHTG SOH SPF sp shld SC SG SG&C SG&D SG & W SDO SFO SG&O SO SO&G SO&W SD SDWO SDO SDFN SDPL SDR SDW SDON SDA SDF SDL SDPA SI SIBHP

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Definitions with Abbreviations

shutin casing pressure shutin gas well shutin oil well shutin pressure shutin tubing pressure shutin wellhead pressure shutin, waiting on potential shut well in overnight side door choke side opening sidewall cores sidewall neutron porosity sideboom siderite (ic) sides, tops, & bottoms sidetrack (ed) (ing) sidetracked hole sidetracked total depth sidewall sidewall samples siding signed silencer silica, siliceous silky siltstone silty Silurian similar Simpson single (s) single-pole double throw single-pole double throw switch single-pole single throw single-pole single throw stitch single pole switch single random lengths single shot Siphonina davisi

SI SIGW SIOW SIP SITP SIWHP SIWOP SWION SD Ck SO SWC SWNP SB sid s, t&b sdtkr, ST STH STTD SDWL SWS SDG sgd SLNCR silic slky silt slty Sil sim Simp sgl (s) SPDT SPDT SW SPST SPST SW SP SW SRL SS Siph. d.

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR size sketch skimmer Skinner Skull Creek sleeper sleeve sleeve bearing slickensided sliding-scale royalty slight (ly) slight oil-cut mud slight oil-cut water slight show of gas slight show of oil slight show of oil and gas slight, weak, or poor fluorescence slightly gas-cut salt water slightly gas-cut water cushion slightly gas-cut mud slightly gas-cut oil slightly gas-cut water slightly gas-cut water blanket slightly oil- and gas-cut mud slight oil-cut salt water slight oil-cut water blanket slight oil-cut water cushion slightly porous Sligo slim-hole drillpipe slip and cut drill time slip on slope type of wall to keep out flooding slow set (cement) slurry Smackover small small show Smithwick

sz SK skim Skn Sk Crk SLPR sl, SLV SB sks S/SR sli SOCM SOCW SSG sli SO, SSO SSO&G SFLU SGCSW SGCWC SGCM SGCO SGCW SGCWB SO&GCM SOCSW SOCWB SOCWC sp Sli SHDP SC DL SO berm SS slur Smk, SO sm SS Smithw

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Definitions with Abbreviations

smoke volatility index smooth snubber, snubbing snuffing socket socket weld sodium-based grease sodium carbonate sodium carboxymethylcellulose sodium chloride sodium hydroxide soft solar heat medium solenoid solenoid – operated valves solenoid valve solids solution solvent somastic somastic coated sonic log sort (ed) (ing) south south half south line south offset southeast southeast corner southeast quarter southerly southwest corner southwest quarter spacer spare Sparta spearfish special specialty

SVI smth SNUB SNUFF skt SW sod gr NaCO3 CMC NaCL NaOH sft SHM sol, slnd SOV SV sol soln solv som somct SONL srt S S/2 SL SO SE SE/C SE/4 S’ly SW/c SW/4 spcr sp Sp spf spcl splty

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR specific gravity specific heat specific volume specification speckled speed/current speed/torque Sphaerodina sphalerite spherules spicule (ar) spigot spigot and spigot spillway spindle Spindletop spiral weld spirifers Spiroplectammina barrowi splintery splitter sponge spore spot sales agreement spotted spotty Spraberry spring Springer sprinkler sprocket spud (ded) (der) square square centimeter square foot square inch square kilometer square meter square millimeter

sp gr sp ht sp. vol. spec speck S/C S/T Sphaer sphal sph spic SPGT s&s SPWY spdl spletp SW sprf Spiro. b. sply SPLTR spg sp SSA sptd sptty Spra spg Sprin spkr spkt spd sq sq cm ft2 ,sq ft sq in. sq km sq m sq mm

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Definitions with Abbreviations

square root square yard (s) squeeze (ed) (ing) squeeze packer squeezed squirrel cage stabilized (er) stage staggered stain (ed) (ing) stain and odor stainless steel stairway Stalnacker stand (s) (ing) stand by standard cubic feet per day standard cubic feet per hour standard cubic feet per minute standard cubic foot standard operational procedure standard temperature and pressure standardization standards standing Stanley start start of cycle start of run started in hole started out of hole starting fluid level state lease state potential statewide rules static bottom-hole pressure station stationary statistical

SQRT sq yd sqz sq pkr sq sq cg stab STG STAG stn (d) (g) S&O SS stwy Stal std stn/by SCFD, scfd, SCFH, scfh SCFM, scfm SCF, scf SOP STP STDZN std (s) stdg Stan st SOC SOR SIH SOH, SOOH SFL SL State pot SWR SBHP sta stat stat

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR steady steam steam cylinder oil steam emulsion number steam engine oil steam trace (ing) steam working pressure steel steel line correction steel line measurement steel tape measurement Steele stencil (ed) (ing) stenographer Stensvad sticky stiffener stippled stirrup stock stock tank barrels stock tank barrels per day stock tank oil in place stock tank vapor Stone Corral Stony Mountain stopper (rd) storage stove oil straddle straddle packer straddle packer drillstem test straight straight-hole test straight-run naphtha straightened straightening strainer strand (ed)

stdy stm stm cyl oil SE No. stm eng oil STM TR SWP stl SLC SLM STM Stel stncl (d) (g) steno Stens stcky STIF stip stir stk STB, stb STBPD, stb/d st oip STV Stn Crl Sty Mtn stpr (d) strg stv strd SP SP-DST strt SHT SRN strtd stging stnr strd

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Definitions with Abbreviations

strap out of hole strapped out of hole stratigraphic Strawn streak striated string (er) string shot strip (per) (ping) strokes per minute stromatoporoid strong structure, structural stuck study stuffing box styolite, styolitic sub-Clarksville subangular subdivision subrounded subsea subsidiary substance substation substitute substructure height subsurface subsurface safety valve successful wildcat outpost sucker rod sucrose, sucrosic suction sugary sulfate bacteria sulfur by bomb method sulfur, sulfuric sulfuric acid sulfated

STROH SOOH strat Str stk, strk stri strg (r) SS STPR SPM strom strg struc stl stdy SB styo Sub Clarks sub angl subd sub rnd SS sub sub substa SUBST SH SS SSSV WOE skr d suc suct sug SRB S Bomb sulf H2SO4 sulf

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR sulfur sulfur water summary, summarize Summerville Sunburst Sundance Supai superintendent superseded supervisor supplement supply (ied) (ier) (ing) surface surface approximation and formation evaluation surface-controlled subsurface safety valve surface flow pressure surface geology surface measurement surface pressure surge surplus survey suspended suspended ceiling swab and flow swab rate swab run (s) swabbed swabbed, swabbing swabbing unit swaged Swastika sweetening switch switchboard switchgear switchrack

sul sul wtr sum Sumvl Sb, Sunb Sund Sup supt supsd suprv supp supl, sply suppt surf, sfc SAFE SCSSV SFP SG SM SP SRG surp sur susp SUSP CLG S&F SR SR S/ SWB SWU swd Swas Swet SW PBX, swbd swgr SWRK

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Definitions with Abbreviations

Syc Syl sym sym syn syn conv SYNS SYNTH syn SNG sys SFD

Sycamore Sylvan symbol symmetrical synchronous, synchronizing synchronous converter synchroscope synthesis synthetic synthetic natural gas system system flow diagram

T tabular, tabulating tachometer tag closed cup (flash) tag open cup (flash) Tagliabue Tallahatta Tampico tangent tank tank battery tank car tank farm tank truck tank wagon tankage tanker (s) Tannehill Tansill taper pipe thread Tar Springs sand Tarkio tarred and wrapped

tab TACH TCC TOC Tag Tal Tamp tan tk TKB T/C TKF TT TKW tkg tkr Tann Tan TPT TSS Tark T&W

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR taste Taylor tearing out rotary tools technical, technician techniques of water-resources investigations tee teeth telegraph Telegraph Creek teletype television telephone, telegraph temperature temperature control valve temperature controller temperature differential indicator temperature differential recorder temperature gradient temperature indicator temperature indicator controller temperature observation temperature recorder temperature recorder controller temperature survey indicated top cement at temporarily abandoned temporarily shutdown temporarily shut in temporary (ily) temporary dealer allowance temporary voluntary allowance tender tensile strength Tensleep tentaculites tentative Teremplealeau terminal board

tste Tay TORT tech TWI T T TLG Tel Cr TWX TV tel Temp TCV TC TDI TDR TG TI TIC TO TR TRC TSITC TA TSD TSI temp TDA TVA tndr tens str, TS Tens Tent tent Tremp T/BRD

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Definitions with Abbreviations

terminal box terminate (ed) (ing) (ion) tertiary tertiary butyl alcohol test (er) (ing) test to follow testing on pump tetraethyl lead tetramethyl lead Texana Textularia articulate Textularia dibollensis Textularia hockleyensis Textularia warreni texture Thaynes thence theoretical production and allocation thermal thermal crack thermal decay time thermal hydrodealkylation thermofor catalytic cracking thermometer Thermopolis thermostat thick, thickness thin bedded thousand (i.e., 133K = 13,000) thousand (i.e., 9M = 9,000) thousand barrels fluid per day thousand barrels of oil per day thousand barrels of water per day thousand British thermal units thousand cubic feet

T/Box termin Ter TBA tst (r) (g) TTF TOP TEL TML Tex Text. art. Text. d. Text. h. Text. w. tex Thay th TP&A thrm therm ckr TDT THD TCC therm Ther therst thk TB K M MBF/D, MBFPD MBO/D, MBOPD MPW/D, MBWPD MBtu MCF

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR thousand cubic feet of gas per day thousand cubic feet per day thousand electron-volts thousand gallons thousand standard cubic feet thousand standard cubic feet per day thousand standard cubic feet per hour thread large end thread on both ends thread small end thread small end, weld large end thread, threaded threaded and coupled threaded both ends threaded one end threaded pipe flange Three Finger Three Forks three-phase throttling through through the tanks through-tubing through-tubing caliber through-tubing plug Thurman tight tight hole tight no show time delay Timpas Timpoweap tires, batteries, and accessories to be conditioned for gas to be conditioned for oil Todilto

MCFGPD, Mcfgpd MCFD, Mcfd kev MG MCSF, Mscf MSCF/D, Mscf/d MSCF/H, Mscf/h TLE TOBE TSE TSE-WLE thd T&C TBE TOE TPF Tfing Tfks 3 PH thrling thru TTT TT TTC TTP Thur ti, tite TH TNS TD TIM Timpo TBA TRG TRO Tod

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Definitions with Abbreviations

tolerance toluene ton (after number-3T) tongue and groove (t) Tonkawa tons too small to measure too wet (weak) to measure tool (s) tool closed tool t tool open tool pusher tooth, teeth top and bottom top and bottom chokes top choke top hole choke top hole flow pressure top of (a formation) top of cement top of cement plug top of fish top of liner top of liner hanger top of pay top of salt top of sand top salt Topeka topo sheet evaluation topographic, topography topping topping and coking Toronto Toroweap torque total total depth

tol tolu T T&G Tonk tons TSTM TWTM tl TC tl jt TO TP T T&B T&BC TC THC THFP T/ TOC TO TOF TOL TLH T/pay TOS T/sd T/S Tpka TS topo topg T&C Tor Toro TRQ tot TD

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR total time lost totally enclosed, fan cooled tough Towanda tower township township (as T2N) townsite trace trackage tract Trans-Alaska Pipeline System transducer transfer (ed) (ing) transformer translucent transmission transmitter transparent transportation travel (ed) (ing) Travis Peak treat (er) (ed) (ing) treater treating pressure Trenton Triassic tricresyl phosphate trillion trillion cubic feet trillion cubic feet per day trilobite Trinidad trip for new bit trip in hole trip out of hole trip (ped) for bit triple-pole single throw switch triple-pole switch

TTL TEFC gh Tow TWR twp T twst TR trkg TR TAPS TRNDC trans trans, transl trans XTMR transp transp TRVL TP trt (r)(d)(g) trtr TP Tren Tri T 1012 Tcf, TCF TCF/D, Tcf/d trilo Trin TFNB TIH TOH TFB 3P ST SW 3P SW

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Definitions with Abbreviations

triplicate Tripoli tripolitic tripped (ing) truck true boiling point true vapor process true vertical depth tube tube bundle tubing tubing and casing cutter tubing and rods tubing choke tubing pressure tubing pressure shut in tubing pressure, closed tubing pressure, flowing tubinghead flange Tucker tuffaceous Tulip Creek tungsten carbide turbine compressor turbo, turbine turn around turned over to producing section turned to test tank turnpike Tuscaloosa 12 gauge wire-wrapped screen (in a liner) Twin Creek twisted off type typewriter typical

trip Trip trip trip trk TBP TVP TVD tb TB/BDL tbg TCC T&R tbg chk, TC TP, tbg press TPSI TPC TPF THF Tuck tfs, tuf Tul Cr tung carb T/C TURB TA TOPS TTTT tpk Tus 12GA W.W.S Tw Cr twst off ty tywr typ

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR

U ultimate ultra-high frequency ultrasonic examination ultrasonic test ultraviolet umbrella (s) Umiat Meridian (Alaska) unbalanced unbranded unclassified unconformity unconsolidated under construction under digging under gauge underreaming underground undifferential unfinished unified coarse thread unified fine thread uniform uninterruptible power supply Union Valley unit United States gauge universal gear lubricant universal transverse mercator university, universal unloader unloading unsulfonated residue upper (i.e., U/Simpson) upper and lower upper casing

ult UHF UT UST UV UMB UM UNBAL unbr U unconf uncons U/C UD UG UR UG undiff unf UNC UNF uni UPS UV un USG UGL UTM Univ UNLDR UNLD UR U/ U/L UC

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Definitions with Abbreviations

UT UT UCH UR U/W UTL UFD U/WTR Uvig. lir.

upper tubing upthrown use customer’s hose used rod used with utility utility flow diagram utility water Uvigerina lirettensis

V vacant vacation vacuum Vaginuline regina Valera valve Vanguard vapor pressure vapor recovery vapor recovery unit vapor temperature vapor (izor) vapor-liquid ratio varas variable, various variegated varnish varnish makers and painters naphtha varved velocity velocity survey vendor drawing ventilator Verdigris Vermillion Cliff

vac vac vac Vag. reg. Val V, vlv Vang VP VR VRU vt vap (r) V/L vrs var vari VARN VM&P naptha vrvd vel V/S, VS V/DWG vent Verd Ver Cl

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR versus vertebrate vertical vertical member very (as very tight) very common very fine-grain (ed) very heavily (highly) gas-cut mud very heavily (highly) gas-cut salt water very heavily (highly) gas-cut water very heavily (highly) oil and gas-cut salt water very heavily (highly) oil and gas-cut mud very heavily (highly) oil and gas-cut water very heavily (highly) oil-cut mud very heavily (highly) oil-cut salt water very heavily (highly) oil-cut water very high frequency very light amber cut very noticeable very poor sample very rare very slight very slight show of gas very slight show of oil very slightly gas-cut salt water very slightly gas-cut water very slightly gas-cut mud very slightly oil and gas-cut mud very slightly oil and gas-cut salt water very slightly oil-cut mud very slightly oil-cut salt water very slightly oil-cut water very slightly porous vesicular vessel vibrate (tor) (ing)

vs vrtb vert, vrtl VSM v. v.c. vfg VHGCM VHGCSW VHGCW VHO&GCSW VHO&GCM VHO&GCW VHOCM VHOCSW VHOCW VHF VLAC v.n. V.P.S. v.r. v-sli VSSG VSSO VSGCSW VSGCW VSGCM VSO&GCM VSO&GCSW VSOCM VSOCSW VSOCW VSP ves VESS VIB

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Definitions with Abbreviations

Vicksburg Viola Virgelle viscosity viscosity index viscosity-gravity constant visible vitreous vitrified clay pipe Vogtsberger volatile organic compounds volt Volt-ampere volt-ampere reactive voltage volume volume-percent volumetric efficiency volumetric subcommittee vuggy vugular

Vks Vi Virg vis, V VI VGC vis vit V Vogts VOC V, v va var VOLT V, vol v% vol. eff. VSC vug vug

W Wabaunsee Waddell waiting waiting on waiting on acid waiting on allowable waiting on battery waiting on cable tools or completion tools waiting on completion rig waiting on drillpipe waiting on geologist waiting on orders

Wab Wad wtg WO WOA WOA WOB WOCT WOCR WODP WOG WOO

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR waiting on permit waiting on pipe waiting on pipeline waiting on plastic waiting on potential test waiting on production equipment waiting on pump waiting on pumping unit waiting on rig or rotary waiting on rotary tools waiting on standard tools waiting on state potential waiting on tank and connection waiting on test or tools waiting on weather wall (if used with pipe) Wall Creek wall thickness (pipe) Waltersburg sand Wapanucka warehouse Warsaw Wasatch wash (ing) wash and ream wash and ream to bottom wash oil wash over wash pipe wash to bottom wash water washed washing in Washita Washita-Fredericksburg washout washover string waste water blanket

WOP WOP WOPL WOP WOPT WOPE WOP WOPU WOR WORT WOST WOSP WOT&C WOT WOW W W Cr WT Wa sd Wap whse War Was wsh (g) W&R WRTBw WO WO WP WTB WW w shd Wl Wash W-F wo WOS WSTw WB

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Definitions with Abbreviations

water closet water cooler water cushion (DST) water cushion to surface water cut water depth water disposal well water in hole water injection water injection well water load water loss water not shut off water oil or gas water saturation water separation index modified water shutoff no good water shutoff OK water shutoff water source wells water supply well water to surface water well water with slight show of oil water with sulfur odor water-alternating gas (or water and gas) water-cut mud water-cut oil water-oil ratio water-supply paper water-up to water, watery waterflood waterproof watertight wating on cement watt watt-hour weak

WC W/CLR wtr. cush, WC WCTS WC WD WD WIH Wl WIW W/L WL WNSO WOG WS WSIM WSONG WSOOK WSO WST WSW WTS WW W/SSO W/sulf O WAG WCM WCO WOR WSP WUT wtr (y) WF WTR/PRF WTR/T WOC w w-hr wk

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR weak air blow weather weather (ed) weatherproof Weber week weight weight averaged catalyst temperature weight on bit weight-percent Weighted Average Cost of Gas welded steel tank weld ends weldneck welded, welding welder welding detail (s) Welex wellhead injection pressure well lines well pad well pad manifolding wellbore wellhead Wellington went back in hole west west half west line west offset westerly wet bulb wheel whipstick whipstock depth white white dolomite White River white sand

WAB wthr wthrd WTH/PRF Web wk wgt., wt WACT W.O.B. w% WACOG W/S TK WE WN wld wldr WLD/DET Wx WHIP WL WP WPM wlbr WH Well WBIH W W/2 WL W/O W’ly WB WHL whip, WS WSD wht Wh Dol WR Wh Sd

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Definitions with Abbreviations

wholesale Wichita Wichita Albany wide wide flange Wilcox wildcat wildcat field, discovery wildcat outpost, dry Willberne Wind River Windfall Profit Tax Winfield Wingate Winnipeg Winona wireline wireline coring wireline test wireline total depth wiring wiring diagram with without Wolfcamp Wolfe City Woodbine Woodford Woodside work in place work order worked working working interest working pressure workover workover rig worldscale

whsle Wich. Wich Alb W WF Wx WC WFD WO Willb Wd R WPT Winf Wing Winn Win WL WLC WLT WLTD WRG WD w/ W/O Wolfc WC WB Wdfd, Woodf Wood WIP WO wkd wkg Wl WP WO, wko wkor WS

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR wpr Wref Wl

wrapper Wreford wrought iron

X X-R

X-ray

Y yd y Yz yr yel YIL YP Yoak YMD YMY

yard (s) Yates Yazoo year yellow yellow indicating lamp yield point Yoakum your message of date your message yesterdays

Z zenith Zilpha zinc zone

zen Zil ZN Zn

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ABBREVIATIONS FOR LOGGING TOOLS AND SERVICES The appropriate companies and associations have not established standard abbreviations for the logging segment of the oil and gas industry. The following lists by individual companies are supplemented by a Miscellaneous Section, for your convenience.

BAKER ATLAS WIRELINE SERVICES AC AC/CAL GR AC/CAL NEU AC/CAL GR/NEU Acoustic Cement Bond CBL Acoustic Cement Bond Gamma Ray CBL/GR Acoustic Cement Bond Neutron CBL/NEU Acoustic Cement Bond G/R Neutron CBL/GR/NEU Acoustic Signature AC SIGN BHC Acoustilog Caliper AC/CAL BHC Acoustilog Caliper Gamma Ray AC/CAL/GR BHC Acoustilog Caliper Neutron AC/NUE BHC Acoustilog Caliper G/R Neutron AC/CAL/ GR/NEU BHC Acoustilog Caliper (Thru Casing) AC/CAL BHC Acoustilog Caliper Gamma Ray AC/CAL/GR (Thru Casing) BHC Acoustilog Caliper G/R Neutron AC/CAL/ (Thru Casing) GR/NEU Caliper CAL Casing Potential Profile P Chlorinlog CHL Chlorinlog-Gamma Ray CHL GR Acoustilog Acoustilog Caliper Gamma Ray Acoustilog Caliper Neutron Acoustilog Caliper Gamma Ray Neutron

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR Compensated Densilog Caliper CDL/CAL Compensated Densilog Caliper CDL/CAL/GR Gamma Ray Compensated Densilog Caliper Neutron CDL/CAL/NEU Compensated Densilog Caliper CDL/CAL/ G/R Neutron GR/NEU Compensated Densilog Caliper Minilog CDL/CAL/ML Conductivity Derived Porosity CDP Compensated Z-Densilog CZDL Corgun SWC Densilog Caliber Gamma Ray Log CDL/CAL/GR Depth Determination DD Directional Survey DIR Dual Induction Focused Log DIFL Dual Induction Focused Log Gamma RayDIFL/GR Electrolog EL Formation Tester FMT 4 Arm High Resolution Diplog DIP Frac Log DIP FRAC Frac Log-Gamma Ray DIP FRAC/GR Gamma Ray Cased Hole GR Gamma Ray/Dual Caliper GR/CALD Gamma Ray-Open Hole GR Gamma Ray Neutron-Cased Hole GR/NEU Gamma Ray Neutron-Open Hole GR/NEU Induction Electrolog IEL Induction Electrolog Gamma Ray IEL/GR Induction Electrolog Neutron IEL/NEU Induction Electrolog Gamma IEL/GR/NEU Ray Neutron Induction Log IEL Induction Log-Gamma Ray IEL/GR Induction Log-Neutron IEL/NEU Laterolog LL Laterolog-Gamma Ray LL/GR Laterolog-Neutron LL/NEU Laterolog-Gamma Ray-Neutron LL/GR/NEU Microlaterolog-Caliper MLL/CAL Minilog Caliper ML/CAL

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Abbreviations for Logging Tools and Services

Minilog Caliper Gamma Ray Moveable Oil Pot Neutron (Cased Hole) Neutron (Open Hole) Neutron Lifetime Neutron Lifetime Gamma Ray Neutron Lifetime Neutron Neutron Lifetime G/R-Neutron Nuclear Flolog Nuclear Flolog-Gamma Ray Nuclear Flolog-Gamma Ray Neutron Nuclear Flolog-Neutron Perforating Control PFC Gamma Ray PFC Neutron Photon Proximity Minilog Segmented Bond Log Sidewall Neutron Sidewall Neutron-Gamma Ray Temperature Differential Temperature-Gamma Ray-Neutron Temperature Log Temperature Log-Gamma Ray Temperature-Neutron Total Time Integrator Tracer Log Tracer Log-Neutron

ML/CAL/GR MOP NEU NEU NLL NLL/GR NLL/NEU NLL/GR/NEU NFL NFL/GR NFL/GR/NEU NFL/NEU PFC PFC GR PRC NEU PHT PROX/ML SBT SWN SWN/GR TEMP TEMP/GR/NEU TL TEMP TEMP/GR TEMP/NEU TT TRL TRL/NEU

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR

SCHLUMBERGER WELL SERVICES Amplitude Logging Bore Hole Compensated BHC sonic Logging BHC Sonic-Gamma Ray Logging BHC Sonic-Variable Density Bridge Plug Service Borehole Televiewer Caliper Logging Casing Cutter Service Cement Bond Logging Cement Bond-Gamma Ray Logging Cement Bond-Gamma Ray Neutron Cement Bond-Neutron Cement Bond-Variable Density Logging Cement Dump Bailer Service Computer Processed Interpretation Continuous Directional Survey Continuous Flowmeter Customer Instrument Service Data Transmission Density Log Depth Determinations Diamond Core Slicer Dipmeter Dipmeter-Digital Directional Survey Dual Induction-Laterologging Electric Logging Formation Density Logging Formation Density-Gamma Ray Logging Formation Testing Gamma Ray Logging Gamma Ray-Neutron Logging Gamma Ray-Sonic Logging Gradiomanometer High-Resolution Thermometer

A-BHC BHC BHC BHC-GR BHC-VD BP TVT CAL SCE-CC CBL CBL-GR CBL-GRN CBL-N CBL-VD DB MCT CDR CFM, PFM ICS TRD DENL DD SS DIPM HDT-D DS DIL ES FDC FDC-GR FT GR GRN GRS GM HRT

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Abbreviations for Logging Tools and Services

Induction-Electron Logging Induction-Gamma Ray Logging Junk Catcher Log Overlays Magnetic Taping Microlog Neutron Logging Orienting Perforating Service Perforating-Ceramic DPC Perforating-Depth Control Perforating-Expendable Shaped Charge Perforating-Hyper Jet Perforating-Hyper Scallop Pressure Control Production Combination Tool Logging Production Packer Service Proximity-Microlog Radioactive Tracer logging Rwa Logging Salt Dome Profiling Schlumberger Seismic Reference Service Sidewall Coring SNP Neutron Logging SNP Neutron-Gamma Ray Logging Synergetic Log Systems Temperature Logging Temperature-Gamma Ray Logging Thermal Decay Logging Thru-Tubing Caliper Tubing, Cutter Service Variable Density Logging Variable Density-Gamma Ray Logging

I-ES I-GR JB OL TPG ML NL OPR SCE PDC SCE SCH SPH PC PCT PPS ML RTP FAL ES-ULS Schl. SRS CST SNP SNP-GR MCT T T-GR TDT C-C SEC-CC BHC-VD VD-GR

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR

HALLIBURTON LOG SERVICE (HAL) Analog Computer Service Caliper Compensated Acoustic Velocity Log Compensated Acoustic Velocity Log-Gamma Ray Compensated Acoustic Velocity Log-Neutron Compensated Density Compensated Density Gamma Ray Computer Analyzed Log Caliper Continuous Drift Density Density Gamma Ray Depth Setermination Digital Tape Recording Dip Log Digital Log Drift Drill Pipe Electric Log Electric Log Electro-Magnetic Corrosion Detector Fluid Travel Log Formation Tester FoRxo Caliper Frac-Finder Micro-Seismogram Frac-Finder Micro-Seismogram Gamma Frac-Finder Micro-Seismogram Neutron Gamma Guard Gamma Ray Gamma Ray Depth Control Guard High Temperature Equipment Induction Electric Gamma Ray Induction Electric Neutron Induction Electric Induction Gamma Ray

An t. Ser Cal Com AVL Com AVL-G Com AVL-N Com Den Com Den-GR CAL Cont Con Dr. Den Den-G DeDet Dgt Tp Rec Dgt Dip Rec Dr DPL EL Cor Det FTrL FT FoRxo FF-MSG FF-MSG-G FF-MSG-N G-Grd GR GRDC Grd HETq IEL-G IEL-N IEL Ind-G

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Abbreviations for Logging Tools and Services

Induction Gamma Micro-Seismogram Log, Cased Hole Micro-Seismogram Gamma Collar Log, Cased Micro-Seismogram Neutron Collar Log, Cased Neutron Log Neutron Depth Control Precision Temperature Radiation Guard Radioactive Tracer Resistivity Dip Sidewall Coring Sidewall Neutron Sidewall Neutron-Gamma Ray Simultaneous Gamma Ray-Neutron Special Instrument Service True Vertical Depth

Ind-G MSG-CBL MSG-CBL-G MSG-CBL-N NL NDC Pr Temp R/A Grd R/A Tra Dip SWC SWN SWN-G GRN Sp Inst Ser TVD

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR

LOG HEADING NOMENCLATURE NAME

ABBREV.

TOOL TYPE

Acoustic Caliber Log Aluminum Clay Log Adaptive Electromagnetic Propagation Log Array Sonic Log Automatic Diverter Flowmeter Auxiliary Measurements Log Borehole Compensated Sonic Log Borehole Geometry Log Bridge Plus Casing Collar Log Cement Bond-Variable Density Log Cement Evaluation Log Compensated Neutron Log Corrosion And Protection Evaluation Log Cyberdip Cyberlock Cyberscan Deep Propagation Log Depth Determination Log Downhole Seismic Array Dual Dipmeter Dual-Burst Thermal Neutron Log Dual-Energy Neutron Log Dual Induction SFL Log Dual Laterolog Dump Bailer Electromagnetic Propagation Time Log Electromagnetic Thickness Log

ACE ACT ADEPT

EPT-G

ADF AMS BHC

SDT ADF AMS SLT

BGL BP CCL CBL-VDL

BGT RST CAL, CCL SLT, SDT, CBT CET CET CNL CNT-A/H EL, ET ET CYDIP CYL CYTDT DPL DD DSA SHDT TDT-P

DSA-A SHDT TDT-P

DNL DIL DLL DB EPT

CNT-G DIT DLT DB EPT

ETT

ETT-A

DPL

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Abbreviations for Logging Tools and Services

NAME

ABBREV.

TOOL TYPE

Enerjet Perforating Formation Density Formation Microscanner Formation Microimager Four-Arm Caliber Log

EEJ FDC FMS FMI CAL

Fracture Identification Log Gamma Ray Log Gamma Ray Spectroscopy Log Geochemical Log

FIL GR GST GLT

Guidance Continuous Log Hyperdome Perforating Hyperjet Perforating

GCT HD HJ, HJII, HJIII HS CBL ISF

EEJ PGT MEST FMI BGT, HDT, SHDT HDT SGT GST GST, NGT, CNT, ACT GCT HD HJ, HJII, HJIII

H2S Cable Induction-Spherically Focused clinometer Survey, Directional Junk Basket Litho-Density Log Litho-Density Quicklook Long-Spacing Sonic Log Mechanical Sidewalk Coring or Rotary Cores Microlog Microlaterolog Microlaterolog Focused Log Multifinger Caliper Log Multifrequency Electromagnetic Thickness Log Multiple Isotope Tracer Natural Gamma Ray Spectroscopy Log

IS JB LDL CYLDT LSS MSCT ML

IRT, DIT GPIT, SHDT, FMS, PMI, HDT JB LDT SLT, SDT MSCT

MLL MSFL MFC METL

MPT, MLT, PCD MPT SRT MFCT ETT-D

MTT NGS

NGS

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR NAME

ABBREV.

TOOL TYPE

Oil Base Mud Dipmeter Perforation Depth Control Log Phasor Induction Log Pipe Analysis Log Pivotgun Posiset Thru-Tubing Mechanical Plug-Back Pressure Control Production Logging Quicklook Repeat Formation Tester Log Repeat Formation Tester Quicklook Reservoir Saturation Tool Seismic Quicklook Sidewall Coring Simultaneous Production Log Stratigraphic High-Resolution Dipmeter Log Temperature Log Thermal Neutron Decay Time Long Triaxial Seismic Survey Ultrajet Perforating Ultrapack Perforating Well Head Equipment (Pressure Control) Well Seismic Survey

OBDT PDC PIL PAL PG MPBT

OBDT CAL, CCL DIT-E PAT PG

PC PC CYPL RFT RFT CYRFT, RFQL RST CYWST CST PLT SHDT

CST PLT SHDT

HRT TDT

HTT TDT

SAS UJ UP WHE-A,B,C, D,H,BM WST

SAT UJ UP WST

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Abbreviations for Logging Tools and Services

MISCELLANEOUS Acoustic Amplitude Acoustic Cement Bond G/R Neutron Acoustic Cement Bond Neutron Acoustic Cement Bond Acoustic Fracture Identification Acoustic or Acoustilog Acoustic Parameter Acoustic Parameter-Depth Acoustic Parameter-Logging Acoustic Parameter-16mm Scope Acoustic Scope Picture Acoustic Signature Acoustic Velocity Acoustilog Acoustilog Caliper-Gamma Ray Acoustilog Caliper-Gamma Ray-Neutron Acoustilog Caliper-Neutron After Pay Out Amplitude Amplitude Sonic Area of Mutual Interest Atlantic Chlorinlog Audio Logging BHC Acoustilog Caliper BHC Acoustilog Caliper (Thru Casing) BHC Acoustilog Caliper G/R Neutron BHC Acoustilog Caliper G/R Neutron (Thru Casing) BHC Acoustilog Caliper Gamma Ray BHC Acoustilog Caliper Neutron Barrel Before Pay Out Borehole Audio Tracer Survey Borehole Compensated Borehole Compensated Sonic Borehole Geometry Log

AAL CBL GRN CBL N CBL AFI SL A AC PAR D AC PAR L AC PAR 16 ASL AC SIGN AVL ALC ALC-GR ALC-GRN ALC-N APO AMP ASL AMI A CHL AUD BHC ALC BHC AL TC BHC ALC GRN BHC AL GRN TC BHC ALC GR BHC ALC N BBL BPO BATS BHC BHCS BGT

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR Borehole Televiewer Bottom Hole Contribution Bulk Density Caliper Caliper Analysis Caliper Curve Carbon-Oxygen Casing Collar Casing Inspection/ElectroMagnetic-Detector Casing Potential Profile Cement Bond Cement Evaluation Cement Top Location Cemotop Channel Survey Channelmaster Channelmaster-Neutron Chloride Chloride Detection Chlorinlog-Gamma Ray Collar/Collar Correlation Compensated Acoustic Velocity Compensated Densilog Caliper Compensated Densilog Caliper G/R Neutron Compensated Densilog Caliper Gamma Ray Compensated Densilog Caliper Minilog Compensated Densilog Caliper Neutron Compensated Density Caliper Compensated Density Log Compensated Formation Density Compensated Formation Density Caliper Compensated Gamma Compensated Neutron Density Compensated Neutron Log Compensated Neutron Log Porosity Dual Induction Gamma Log

BTL BHC BLKD CALP, CL CALA CALC CO CCL CI P CBND CEL CTL CTL CHNL CML CML N CL CLDL CHL GR PDS CAVL CDCL CDLC GRN CDCL GR CDLC M CDLC N CDC CDL CFD CFDC CG CNDL CNL CNLP DIGL

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Abbreviations for Logging Tools and Services

Dual Induction Lateral/Dual Induction Focus Dual Induction Dual Induction Log Dual Induction SFL Dual Induction Spherically Focused Dual Laterolog/Microspherically Focused Dual Laterolog Dual Porosity Compensated Neutron Dual Resistivity Induction Log Dual Sand Dual Spacing Log Electrical Electrolog Electromagnetic Propagation Epithermal Neutron Experimental Farm In Farm Out Flowmeter Fluid Travel Fluid Travel Log/Fluid Entry Survey Focus Focused Diplog Formation Analysis Formation Density Formation Density Caliper Formation Factor Formation Tester Forxo 4 Arm High Resolution Diplog Frac Log Frac Log-Gamma Ray Log Fracture Finder Fracture Finder/Failure ID Fracture Identification Log Full Bore Flowmeter Gamma Compensated Density Gamma Gamma Gamma Gamma Density

DILL DIL DIL DISF DLL/MSFL DLL DNL DRI DUSD DSL ES EL EPT ETN E, XPTL FI FO FLO FLO FLTR FOCL F DIP FAL FD FDC FMF FT MLL R H DIP FRAC L FRAC-GR ASL FF FIL FB FM GCD GG GGD

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR Gamma Gamma Log Gamma Guard Gamma Guard EL Gamma Ray Gamma Ray – Multi-Spaced Neutron Log Gamma Ray – Neutron Gamma Ray – Neutron Log Gamma Ray – Sonic Gamma Ray – Tracer Survey Gamma Ray Cased Hole Gamma Ray Depth Control Gamma Ray Neutron Gamma Ray Neutron-Cased Hold Gamma Ray Neutron-Open Hole Gamma Ray-Open Hole Gamma Ray/Dual Caliper Gamma Spectrometry Gas Detection Gas Purchase Agreement Geophone Gradiomanometer Gravity Guard Gyro Survey Held by Production High Resolution Dipmeter Hydrocarbon or Gas Detection Hydrocarbon or Gas Detection Inclination Induction Induction-Electric duction-Lateral Induction-Lateroduction Electroduction Electrolog-Gamma Ray Induction Electrolog-Gamma Ray Neutron Induction Electrolog-Neutron

GGL GCRD GGRD GR CR-MSN GRNL GR-N GRSL GRTS GR CH GRDC GRN GRN CH GR/N OH G/R OH GR/D CALIPER GST GASD GPA GEO GRMR GRAV GRDL GYRO HBP HRD GT HCDS INCL IL I-EL ILL I-LL IEL IEL-GR IEL-GRN IEL-N

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Abbreviations for Logging Tools and Services

Induction Spherically Focused Induction-Electric or Induction-Electro Isotron t Operating Agreement t Venture Agreement t Venture Drilling Land Owner Royalty Laser Log Lateral Laterlog-Gamma Ray-Neutron Log Lifetime Log Limestone Log Limestone Device Liquid Isotope Injector Liquefied Natural Gas Liquefied Petroleum Gas Litho-Density Lithology Logger’s Total Depth Long-Spaced Sonic Lost Circulation Manometer Measurement for Natural Gas Microlog Microlateral Microseismogram Microsonic Gamma Ray Microspherically Focused Log Microsurvey Mini Minifocus Mobile Picture Mono Electric Mud Log/Focus Log Multi-Shot Survey Natural Gamma Ray Spectroscopy Net Revenue Interest Neutron Neutron Collar Log

ISF IES I, ISOL JOA JVA JVD LOR LASR LATL LL GR-N LL LSL LI LII LNG LPG LDT LITH LTD LSS LS MAN MCF ML, MICL MLAT MSMG MSG MSFL MS, MICS ML, MINL MLL, MINF MP MONO MUD MSS NGS NRI N, NEUT NCL

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR Neutron Formation Density Neutron Lifetime Notice of Acquisition Nuclear Nuclear Flow Nuclear Magnetism Overriding Royalty Overriding Royalty Interest Perforated Log Perforated Depth Control Perforating Formation Collar Permalog Permeability Spinner Survey Photo Photoclinometer Pipe Analysis Log Pipe Recovery Log Porosity Proximity Proximity Log Proximity-Microlog Quitclaim Radioactive Tracer Refracture Repeat Formation Tester Resistivity Resistivity Water Apparent Right of Way Salinity Saraband Scattered Gamma Ray Scope Picture Analysis Section Gauge Seismic Reference Survey/ Neutron Seismic Velocity Survey Shear Amplitude Sidewall Frac Log Sidewall Neutron Sidewall Neutron Porosity

NFD NLL NOA NUCR FLO NML, NMAGL ORR ORI PERF PDC PFC PL PSS, PRMS PHOT PHCL PAL PRL POR PROX PROXL PML QC RAT, RTRS “REFR RFT RES RWA ROW CL “SBND CTL SPA CAL SRSN SVS SA SFL SN SNP

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Abbreviations for Logging Tools and Services

Sidewall Sampler Sonic Caliper Log Sonic Log Sonic Seismogram Spectral Spherical Spontaneous Potential Strata Structural Exploration Synergetic Televiewer Temperature Temperature Difference Log Temperature Survey Log Thermal Decay Time Three Dimensional Time Log Tracer Survey Ultralong Spacing Electric Log Uranium Variable Density Velocity Velocity Seismic Profile Velocity Survey Velocity Survey Profile Viscosity Water Location Survey Wave Form Digitizing Wave Form Logging Well Seismic Working Interest X-Y Caliper

CST SCL SL, S0NL SSMG SPCT SPH SP STRTS-tructural Exploration SE SYGT TV HRT TDL TMPL TDT 3D TIME TRCR ULSEL URAN VD VEL VSP VRS VSP VISC WLS BHC-WFD BHC-WFL WST WI XYCL

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FEDERAL ENVIRONMENTAL ACRONYMS COMPLIMENTS AHERA ANSI ATSDR AWT BACT BAT BCT BOD BPT BTU CAA CAIR CAS CEPP CERCLA CFR SC CWA CZM DOT-E EP EPA EPCRA

OF

BNA PLUS

Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Act of 1986 (Title II of TSCA) American National Standards Institute Agency for Tonic Substances and Disease Registry Advanced Wastewater Treatment Best Available Control Technology Best Available Technology Best Conventional Pollutant Control Technology Biologic Oxygen Demand Best Practicable Control Technology British Thermal Unit Clean Air Act Comprehensive Assessment Information Rule (under TSCA) Chemical Abstract Service Chemical Emergency Preparedness Program Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (The Superfund Law) Code of Federal Regulations Consumer Product Safety Commission Clean Water Act Coastal Zone Management Designation Of Material Exempt from Department of Transportation regulations Extraction Procedure Environmental Protection Agency Emergency Planning and Community Right –To-Know Act ( Title III of SARA, commonly called Right-ToKnow or SARA Title III)

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Federal Environmental Acronyms

ERC FIFRA HCS HMTA HSWA IARC ITC LAER LUST MSDS MTB NESHAP NIOSH NOAA NPDES NPRM NRC NSPS NTP ORM OSHA OSHRC OTA PEL pH PM PMN

Emissions Reduction Credit Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act OSHA Hazard Communication Standard (Worker Right-To-Know) Hazardous Materials Transportation Act Hazardous and solid Waste Amendments (1984 RCRA Amendments) International Agency for Research on Cancer Interagency Testing Committee Lowest Achievable Emission Rate Leaking Underground Storage Tanks Material Safety Data Sheet Material Transportation Bureau of the Department of Transportation National Emission Standard for Hazardous Air Pollutants National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health National Oceanic and Atmospheric istration National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System Notice Proposed Rulemaking Nuclear Regulatory Commission or National Response Center New Source Performance Standards National Toxicology Program Other Regulated Materials Occupational Safety and Health istration Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission Office of Technology Assessment Permissible Exposure Limit Potential of Hydrogen: a measure of acidity and alkalinity 10-micron Particulate Matter Premanufacture Notification (under TSCA)

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR POTWs PRPs PSD psia RACT RCRA RQ RSPA

Publicity Owned Treatment Works Potentially Responsible Parties Prevention Significant Deterioration Pounds per Square Inch Absolute Reasonable Available Control Technology Resource Conservation and Recovery Act Reportable Quantity Research and Special Programs istration of the Department of Transportation RTECS Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances SARA Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1987 SDWA Safe Drinking Water Act SIP State Implementation Plan SNUR Significant New Use Rule SOCMI Synthetic Organic Chemical Industry SPCC PLAN Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasure Plan SQG Small Quantity Generation (of Hazardous waste) SRF State-istered water pollution control Revolving Funds SWDA Solid Waste Disposal Act TSCA Toxic Substances Control Act TSS Total Suspended Solids (non-filterable) UIC Underground Injection Control UN United Nations UPAC International Union Of Pure and Applied Chemistry USDW Underground Source of Drinking Water UST Underground Storage Tank VHAP Volatile Hazardous Air Pollutant VOC Volatile Organic Compound Z list OSHA list of hazardous chemicals (29 CFR 1910 Subpart Z, Worker Right-To-Know)

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Pipe Coating Terminology and Definitions

PIPE COATING TERMINOLOGY AND DEFINITIONS anode C.P. dope dresser FB granny rag holiday hot spot I.P. IWRC jeep jeeper overbend P/C or P/W

pig pig catcher pig launcher stub

Corrosion prevention device Cathodic protection or Corrosion Protection Pipe coating Mechanical coupling used to ts or lengths or pipe rather than threading or welding Flat-bottom mill or shoes Type of coating or method of coating a pipeline in the field rather than factory applied coating Hole in the protective coating of a steel pipeline in the field Corrosive area located along the length of a pipeline; usually a wet bog, marsh, or bentonite area Intermediate pressure pipeline Independent wire rope center Same as Holiday Electronic device or instrument used to detect holes (holidays) in the steel pipeline protective coating High spot in a pipeline usually installed by field-bending a pipeline t “Painted and coated” or “painted and wrapped” pipelines-steel pipe with protective external coating of one of several different types Pipeline cleaning and measuring tool Used to remove pipeline pig Used to insert pipeline pig Length of small-diameter distribution pipeline form the main line to the customer’s property or meter location

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR thin film

Type of epoxy coating for pipeline coating rather than threading or welding

tube turn

Prefabricated piece of pipeline (allows change of direction of a pipeline without field bending the pipeline) Low spot in a pipeline usually installed by field bending a pipeline t Wavy bottom mill or shoes Same as dope; protective coating on a steel pipeline Extra-coat protective pipeline coating made of polyethylene or polypropylene material

sag WB wrap XTC

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Mnemonics

MNEMONICS SERVICE NAMES SERVICE MNEMONIC 2CAL 2CEX 3CAL 4CAL 4CEX AC ACL BAL BHJ BO BO1 BO2 BO3 BP CAC CBIL CBL CC CC1 CC2 CC3 CCL CDL CHFT CIS CN P CRET CST DAC DB

SERVICE 2-Arm Caliper Log 2-Arm Caliper Log (Extended Reach) 3-Arm Caliper Log 4-Arm Caliper Log 4-Arm Caliper Log (Extended Reach) BHC Acoustilog Long-Spaced BHC Acoustilog Bound Attenuation Log Bottom-Hole Junk Shot String Shot –Back Off Tubing Drill Pipe, Wash Pipe, Casing, Liners Drill Collars Bridge Plug Circumferential Acoustilog Circumferential Borehole Imaging Log Acoustic Cement Bond Log Chemical Cutters 1-2-1/16-in. (25-52mm) Pipe 2-3 / 8-4-in. (60-102mm) Pipe 4-1 / 4-5-9-/ 16 in. (108-141 mm) Pipe Casing Collar Locator Compensated Densilog Cased Hole Formation Tester Customer Instrument Service Compensated Neutron Log Casing Potential Profile Cement Retainer Customer Steering Tool Digital Array Acousticlog sm Dump Bailer

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR DD DEL2 DEL4 DGR DIEL DIFL DIP DLL DMAG DMGL DPIL DRB DSL DVL1 DVL2 DVL3 DVL4 DVRT DVT1 DVT2 DVT3 DVT4 DVTL DWP EMO EMT FCON FDBM FDDP FDN FG FMBK FMCS FMFI FMT FPM FPMT FPST

Depth Determination Dielectric Log- 200 MHz Dielectric Log – 47 MHz Digital Gamma Ray Log Dielectric Log Dual Induction-Focused Log Dual Induction-Focused Log High Resolution (4-Arm) Diplog® Dual Laterolog Digital Magnelog Digital Magneline Dual Phase Induction Log Dual Receiver Bond Log Dig ital Spectralog Digital Vertiline 4-1/2 in. (114mm) Digital Vertiline 5-1/2 in. (140mm) Digital Vertiline 7 in. (178mm) Digital Vertiline 8-5/8 8 on. (219mm) Digital Vertilog Digital Vertilog 4-1/2 in (114mm) Digital Vertilog 5-1/2 in. (140mm) Digital Vertilog 7 in. (178mm) Digital Vertilog 8-5/8 8 on. (219mm) Digital Vertiline Downhole Wireline Packoff Electromagnetic Orientation Tool Electromagnetic Fishing Tool Fluid Conductivity Log Buoyancy Measurement Fluid Density Log Differential Pressure Fluid Density Log Nuclear Fluid Density Log Feeler Gauge Basket Flowmeter Continuous Spinner Flowmeter Folding Impeller Flowmeter Formation Multi-Tester Magnetic Freepoint Indicator Magna-Tector® Freepoint Indicator Spring-TectorTM Freepoint Indicator

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Mnemonics

FPTM FQPG GR GUN HCS HDIP HYDL IEL JCGR JCS JCS1 JCS2 JCS3 LL3 MAG MFC MGLN ML MLL MSI MST MVL1 MVL2 MVL3 MVL4 MVRT MVT1 MVT2 MVT3 MVT4 MVTL NEU NFL ORIT PDB PDK PFC PFN PHT

Tri-Mag Freepoint Indicator Fast Response Quartz Pressure Gauge Gamma Ray Guns Hydraulic Cleanout Service Hexdip Hydrologsm Induction Electrolog Junk Catcher Gauge Log Jet Cutters Jet Cutters 1-2-7 /8-in (25-73 mm) Pipe Jet Cutters 3-5-1/2-in (76-140mm) Pipe Jet Cutters 6-7-5/8-in (152-194mm) Pipe Laterolog Magnelog Multi-Finger Caliper Magneline Minilog® Micro Laterolog MSI Carbon / Oxygen Log Metal Severing Tool Multi-Channel Vertiline 4-1/2in. (114mm) Multi-Channel Vertiline 5-1/2 in (140mm) Multi-Channel Vertiline 7 in. (178 mm) Multi-Channel Vertiline 8-5/8 in. (219 mm) Multi-Channel Vertilog Multi-Channel Vertilog 4-1/2 in. (114 mm) Multi-Channel Vertilog 5-1/2 in. (140 mm) Multi-Channel Vertilog 7 in. (178 mm) Multi-Channel Vertilog 8-5/8 in. (219 mm) Multi-Channel Vertiline Neutron Log Nuclear Flostrument Orientation Log Positive Displacement Dump Bailer PDK-100® Log PFC Gamma Ray Log PFC Neutron Log Photon Log

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR POL PPKR PPL PRL PROX PRSM RCOR QPG SB SBT SL SON SPG SRB SRPL SSH ST STHS SWAT SWC SWN TBFS TBRT TCAL TEMP TFLR TRL TTBP TTEM TTEN TTRM UDIP VIBR VL1 VL2 VL3 VL4 VPC

Perforating Orientation Log Production Packer Polymer Pathfinder Log Pipe Recovery Log Proximity Log PRISM® Log Rotary Coring Tool Quartz Pressure Gauge Sinker Bar Segmented Bond Tool Spectralog® Sonan Log Strain Pressure Gauge Single Receiver Bond Log Surface Recorded Pressure Log Surface Shot FMT Break Off (PVT) Sample Tanks FMT Break Off (PVT) Sample Tanks (H2S) Swing-Arm Tracer Log Sidewall Corgun Sidewall Epithermal Neutron Log Through-Tubing Borehole Fluid Sampler Thin-Bed Resistivity Through-Tubing (X-Y) Caliper Log Differential Temperature Log TTRM Sub Fluid Resistivity Tracerlog Through-Tubing Bridge Plug TTRM Sub Temperature TTRM Sub Tension TTRM Sub Ultrasonic Diplog Vibrator Vertiline 3-1/2 in. (89 mm, 4-1/2 in. (114mm) Vertiline 5-1/2 in. (140 mm) Vertiline 7 in. (178 mm) Vertiline 8-5/8 in. (219 mm) Formation Multi-Tester

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Mnemonics

VRT VRT1 VRT2 VRT3 VRT4 VTLN WHI ZDL

Vertilog® Vertilog 3-1/2 in. (89 mm), 4-1/2 in. (114 mm) Vertilog 5-1/2 in. (140 mm) Vertilog 7 in. (178 mm) Vertilog 8-5/8 in. (219 mm) Vertiline Water Holdup Indicator Compensated Z-DensilogSM

COMPUTATIONAL PRODUCTS PRODUCT MNEMONIC HCE HME HLS HDI HCI OPTM LIN TBA CLAS CLAY CRA DIE RMA FI SA CS STRA

COMPUTATIONAL SERVICE Open Hole Analysis HORIZON Category Estimation Magnitude Estimation Layer/Square Category Data Import Core Data Import OPTIMA® LINEAR Thin-Bed Analysis Clay Analysis and Shaly Sand Evaluation (CLASS®) Clay Description (CLAYS) Complex Reservoir Analysis Dielectric Analysis Radioactive Mineral Analysis Fracture Index Sandstone Analysis Coal Seam Analysis STRATA LOGIK®

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DDM DDS MSP SWA EWA WPT MP SS FP DARC

Acoustic Waveform Processing DDBHC Multi-Shot Processing DDBHC Slowness Waveform Analysis Multi-Shot Processing Slowness Waveform Analysis Energy Waveform Analysis Waveform processing, DDBHC_T Rock Properties Mechanical Properties Sand Strength Fracture Migration Permeability Estimation

EDG SIG THLD HGM

Image Processing Accelerometer Corrections Preprocessing (CIBLSM PREP) Resample Noise Reduction Orientation Borehole Corrections Mud Attenuation Tool Eccentricity Image Enhancement Edge Detection Sigma Smoothing Threshholding Histogram Equalization

SDC SDCA OC SNP SNPA XSEC BOUT VIEW CLRP RAY

Interactive Image Processing Synthetic Dip Curves (1-4) Additional Dip Curves Other Curves Snap Shot Additional Copies Cross Section Breakout View Color Plot Continuous Optimized Grey Scales

ACCR RSA NSE ORI MUD ECC

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Abbreviations for Logging Tools and Services

RAYP IREP

Additional Playback Integrated Report

SOP SAT SDIP DIPC AZD DS TBT TVT TVD

Diplog Analysis STRATAGONsm Optical Automatic STRATA DIP® Basic Diplog Computation Azimuth Dipfrac Directional Survey True Bed Thickness True Vertical Thickness True Vertical Depth

VTRC PC

Cased Hole Analysis PDK-100® Log Analysis (SEARCH) Time Lapse Log-Inject-Log With Openhole Data Included Basic MSI C/O Log Analysis (CHES II®) Time Lapse With Openhole Data Included Basic PROFLOW PRISM® Gas Storage Pipe Evaluation Vertilog/Vertline P

LAYR PAN PTA PDR NODE FMTC

Pressure Transient Analysis Multi-Layer Testing Pan System Multi-Rate Test Pressure Transient Analysis (REALITY) Pressure Data Report Well Performance Simulation (NODES) FMT Analysis

STL LIL SOH SCH CTL COH CHES PLFO PRM GAS

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR

ABBREVIATIONS FOR COMPANIES, ASSOCIATIONS, & ORGANIZATIONS U.S. AADE AAODC AAPG AAPL AAR ABSORB ACMP ACS ADDC ADSC AEC AECRB AEG AESP AGA AGI AGTL AGU AIChE AIME AISI ALCOA ANSI AOAC

AND

CANADA

American Association of Drilling Engineers See IADC American Association of Petroleum Geologists American Association of Professional Landmen Association of American Railroads Alaska Beaufort Seat Oil Spill Response Body Alaska Costal Management Program American Chemical Society Association of Desk and Derrick Clubs The International Association of Foundation Drilling Atomic Energy Commission Alberta Energy Conservation Resources Board Association of Engineering Geologists Association of Energy Services Companies American Gas Association American Geological Institute Alberta Gas Trunkline Co., LTD. American Geophysical Union American Institute of Chemical Engineers American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical and Petroleum Engineers American Iron and Steel Institute Aluminum Company of America American National Standards Institute Association of Official Agricultural Chemists

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Abbreviations for Companies, Associations, and Organizations

AOCS AOGA AOPL AOSC AP&VMA APHA API APRA APW ARCO ARKLA ASA ASCE ASHRAE ASLE ASME ASPG ASSE ASSMR ASTM AWS AWWA BLM BLS BP BuMInes CADE CAGC CAGCT CAODS CAPP

American Oil Chemists Society Alaskan Oil & Gas Association Association of Oil Pipe Lines Association of Oilwell Servicing Contractors American Paint & Varnish Manufacturers Assn. American Public Health Association American Petroleum Institute American Petroleum Refiners Association Association of Petroleum Writers Atlantic Richfield Co. Arkansas Louisiana Gas Co. American Standards Assoc. American Society of Civil Engineers American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. American Society of Lubricating Engineers American Society of Mechanical Engineers American Society of Professional Geologists American Society of Safety Engineers American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation American Society for Testing Materials American Welding Society American Water Works Association Bureau of Land Management Bureau of Labor Statistics British Petroleum Bureau of Mines, U.S. Department of the Interior Canadian Association of Drilling Engineers A combine: Continental Oil Co., Atlantic Richfield Co., and Cities Service Oil Co. Centre for Advanced Gas Combustion Technology Canadian Association of Oilwell Drilling Contractors Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR CCCOP CDS CEPA CFRC CGA CGA CGRI CGTC CIM CIPA CL&F CNG CNGP COE COGA CONOCO COPAS CORCO CORS A IA CRC CSEG CSPG D&D DNR DOE DOT DRAPR Drssr., da EMR ENTELEC EPA ERCB

Conservation Committee of California Oil Producers Canadian Development Corp. Canadian Energy Pipeline Association Coordinating Fuel Research Committee Canadian Gas Association Clean Gulf Associates Canadian Gas Research Institute Columbia Gas Transmission Co. Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum California Independent Petroleum Association Continental Land and Fur Co. Consolidated Natural Gas Supply Company CNG Producing Committee Corps of Engineers Colorado Oil & Gas Association Continental Oil Co. Council of Petroleum ants Society Commonwealth Oil Refining Co., Inc. Canadian Operational Research Society Canadian Petroleum Association Cathodic Protection Industry Association Coordinating Research Council, Inc. Canadian Society of Exploration Geophysicist Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists Desk & Derrick Department of Natural Resources Department of Energy Department of Transportation Delaware River Area Petroleum Refineries Dresser Atlas Department of Energy, Mines, and Resources (Canada) Energy Telecommunications & Electrical Association Environmental Protection Agency Energy Resource Conservation Board (Alberta, Canada)

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Abbreviations for Companies, Associations, and Organizations

FAA FCC FERC FPC FSIWA FTC FTPI GAMA GE GISB GM GNEC GR&DC GREG GTC IADC IAE IAGC ICC IEEE IGT IGUA ILMA ILTA INGAA IOCA IOCC IOGA IOGANY IOGAP IOGAWY

Federal Aviation Agency Federal Communications Commission Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Federal Power Commission Federation of Sewage and Industrial Wastes Assn. Federal Trade Commission Fiberglass Tank & Pipe Institute Gas Appliance Manufacturers Association General Electric Company Gas Industries Standards Board General Motors General Nuclear Engineering Co. Gulf Research and Development Company Groupe de recherche en gazotechnologies Gas Technology Canada International Association of Drilling Contractors (formerly AAODC) Institute of Automotive Engineers International Association of Geophysical Interstate Commerce Commission Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Institute of Gas Technology Industrial Gas s Association Independent Lubricant Manufacturers Association Independent Liquid Terminals Association Independent Natural Gas Association of America Independent Oil Compounders Association Interstate Oil Compact Commission Illinois Oil & Gas Association Independent Oil & Gas Association of New York Independent Oil & Gas Association of Pennsylvania Independent Oil & Gas Association of West Virginia

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR IOGCC IOPA IOSA IP IPAA IPAC IPCA IPE IPP/L IRAA ISA ISSA IUPIW JCUMWE KERMAC KIOGA KOGA LIOGA LL&E MAPL MBGS MDEG MDNR MIOP MMS MOGA MPA MPSC NACD NACE

Interstate Oil & Gas Compact Commission Independent Oil Producers Agency International Oil Scouts Association Institute of Petroleum Independent Petroleum Association of America Independent Petroleum Association of Canada International Petroleum Credit Association International Petroleum Exposition Interprovincial Pipe Line Co. Independent Refiners Association of America Instrument Society of America International Slurry Surfacing Association International Union of Petroleum & Industrial Workers t Committee on Uniformity of Methods of Water Examination Kerr-McGee Corp. Kansas Independent Oil and Gas Association Kentucky Oil & Gas Association Louisiana Independent Oil & Gas Association Louisiana Land & Exploration Co. Michigan Association of Petroleum Landmen Michigan Basin Geological Society Michigan Department of Environmental Quality Michigan Department of Natural Resources Mandatory Oil Import Program Minerals Management Service Michigan Oil & Gas Association Michigan Petroleum Association Michigan Public Service Commission National Association of Chemical Distributors National Association of Corrosion

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Abbreviations for Companies, Associations, and Organizations

NACOPS NACR NAEP NAESCO NAOHSM NARO NAS NASA NSA NDA NEB NEMA NEPA NGPA NGSA NLGI NLPGA NLRB NMA NMOCC NMOGA NOFI NOIA NOJC NOMADS NPC NPDES NPGA NPR NPRA NPRA

National Advisory Committee on Petroleum Statistics (Canada) National Association of Chemical Recyclers National Association of Environmental Professionals National Association of Energy Services Companies National Association of Oil Heating Service Managers National Association of Royalty Owners National Academy of Science National Aeronautical and Space istration Natural Gas Processors Suppliers Association National Drilling Association National Energy Board (Canada) National Electrical Manufacturers Association National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 Natural Gas Processor Association Natural Gas Supply Association National Lubricating Grease Institute National Liquefied Petroleum Gas Association National Labor Relations Board National Mining Association New Mexico Oil Conservation Commission New Mexico Oil and Gas Association National Oil Fuel Institute National Ocean Industries Association National Oil Jobbers Council National Oil-Equipment Manufacturers and Delegates Society National Petroleum Council National Pollution Discharge Elimination System National Propane Gas Association Naval Petroleum Reserve Naval Petroleum Reserve, Alaska National Petroleum Refiners Association

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR NPTO NRC NSF NTOGA OCAW OCR OEP OERB OFA OGJ OIA OIAB OIC OIPA OOC OOGA OPC OPI ORIAC ORSANCO OXY PAD PCF PEI PESA PETCO PETSOC PGAC PGCOA PIEA PITS PLATO PLCA PMAA POGO

National Petroleum Technology Office Nuclear Regulatory Commission National Science Foundation North Texas Oil & Gas Association Oil, Chemical & Atomic Workers International Union Office of Coal Research Office of Emergency Preparedness Oklahoma Energy Resources Board Oxygenated Fuels Association Oil & Gas Journal Oil Import istration Oil Import Appeals Board Oil Information Committee Oklahoma Independent Petroleum Association Offshore Operators Committee Ohio Oil & Gas Association Oil Policy Committee Ontario Petroleum Institute Oil Refining Industry Action Committee Ohio River Valley Water Sanitation Commission Occidental Petroleum Corp. Petroleum istration for Defense Petroleum Communications Foundation Petroleum Equipment Institute Petroleum Equipment Suppliers Association Petroleum Corporation of Texas Petroleum Society of the Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum Propane Gas Association of Canada Pennsylvania Grade Crude Oil Association Petroleum Industry Electrical Association Petroleum Industry Training Service Pennzoil Offshore Gas Operators Pipe Line Contractors Association Petroleum Marketers Association of America Pennzoil Offshore gas Operators

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Abbreviations for Companies, Associations, and Organizations

PPC PPI PPROA PRI PSAC PTTC RMOGA R-PAT RPI RRC RTL SACROC SAE Schl., Sj SEG SEPAC SEPM SFER SGA SLAM SMA SMENET SMRI SOCAL SOHIO SPE SPEE SPWLA SSDA STATCAN

Petroleum Packaging Council Plastic Pipe Institute Panhandle Producers and Royalty Owners Association Petroleum Recovery Institute Petroleum Services Association of Canada Petroleum Technology Transfer Council Rocky Mountain Oil and Gas Association Regional Petroleum Association Research Planning Institute Railroad Commission (Texas) Refinery Technology Laboratory Scurry Area Canyon Reef Operators Committee Society of Automotive Engineers Schlumberger Society of Exploration Geophysicists Small Explorers and Producers Association of Canada Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists Santa Fe Energy Resources, Inc. Southern Gas Association A combine: Signal Oil and Gas Co., Louisiana Land & Exploration Co., and Marathon Oil Co. Society of Mineral Analysts Society for Mining, Metallurgy & Exploration Solution Mining Research Institute Standard Oil Company of California Standard Oil Co. of Ohio Society of Petroleum Engineers of AIME Society of Petroleum Evaluation Engineers Society of Professional Well Log Analysts Service Station Dealers of America & Allied Trade Statistics Canada ex Dominion, Bureau of Statistics (DBS)

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR TAPS T TEMA TETCO TGT THUMS

TIPRO TRANSCO TT&T UNOCAL UOCO UOP USEPA USGS USP WeCTOGA WIPA WOGA WPC WSPA Wx

Trans-Alaska Pipeline Systems Trans-Canada Pipe Lines Ltd. Tubular Exchange Manufacturers Association Texas Eastern Transmission Corp. Tennessee Gas Transmission Co. A combine: Texaco, Inc., Humble Oil & Refining Co., Union Oil Co. of California, Mobil Oil Corp., and Shell Oil Co. Texas Independent Producers and Royalty Owners Association Transcontinental Gas Pipe Line Corp. Texaco Trading & Transportation Union Oil of California Union Oil Company Universal Oil Products Company U.S. Environmental Protection Agency United States Geological Survey United States Pharmocopoeia West Central Texas Oil and Gas Association Wyoming Independent Producers Association Western Oil & Gas Association World Petroleum Congress Western States Petroleum Association Welex

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Abbreviations for Companies, Associations, and Organizations

OUTSIDE U.S. AAP

AND

CANADA

Afro-Arab Petroleum Trading & Petrochemicals WLL Kuwait ABOI Assn. of British Oceanic Industries UK ACNA Aziende Colori Nazionali Affini Italy A Association des Consultants Petroliers AA Alexandria Co. for Petroleum Additives Egypt AHA Association Cooperative pour la Recherche et l’Exploration des Hydrocarbures en Algerie Algeria ADB Asian Development Bank (—) ADCO Abu Dhabi Co. for Onshore Oil Operations Abu Dhabi ADDCAP Abu Dhabi Drilling Chemicals and Products Ltd. Abu Dhabi ADGAS Abu Dhabi Gas Liquefaction Co. Ltd. Abu Dhabi A-OPCO Abu Dhabi Marine Operating Co. Abu Dhabi ADNATCO Abu Dhabi National Tanker Co. Abu Dhabi ADNOC Abu Dhabi National Oil Company Abu Dhabi ADNOC-FOD Abu Dhabi National Oil Company for Distribution Abu Dhabi ADPC Abu Dhabi Petroleum Co. Ltd. Abu Dhabi ADPPOC Abu Dhabi Petroleum Ports Operating Co. Abu Dhabi AEGPL Assn. Europeenne des Gaz de Petrole Liquifies AFG Assn. Francaise du Gaz AFPC Al Forat Petroleum Company Syria and others AFSSA Aviation Fueling Services S.A. Greece

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR AFTP AGA AGAS AGIBA AGIP AGOC AGOCO AHL AHN AIG AIP AIPK ALBPETROL ALEPCO AMI AMPOL AMPTC ANCAP ANPC AOC AOC APC APEC APG API

Assn. Francaise des Techniciens et Professionals du Petrole Australian Gas Assn. Australia Associated Gas Supplies Ltd. UK Agiba Petroleum Company Egypt Azienda Generale Italiana Petroli S.p.A. (see ENI) Italy Aramco Gulf Operations Co. Ltd. Saudi Arabia Arabian Gulf Oil Company Libya Amerada Hess Ltd. UK Amerada Hess Norge A/S Norway Australian Institute of Geoscientists Australia Australian Institute of Petroleum Australia American International Petroleum Kazakhstan Kazakhstan Albanian Petroleum Corporation Albania Ste. Algero-Arab-Libyenne d’Exploitation et de Production des Produits Petroliers Algeria Associazione Mineraria Italiana Italy Australian Petroleum Pty. Ltd. Australia Arab Maritime Petroleum Transport Co. OAPEC istracion Nacional de Combustibles, Alcohol y Portland Uruguay Afghan National Petroleum Co. Afghanistan Arabian Oil Company Ltd. Japan Aramco Overseas Company Netherlands, China, Korea Alexandria Petroleum Company Egypt Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation Forum (—) Assn. of Policy Geomorphologists Poland Anonima Petroli Italiana S.p.A. Italy

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Abbreviations for Companies, Associations, and Organizations

APIA

Australian Pipeline Industry Assn. Inc. Australia APPEA Australian Petroleum Production & Exploration Assn. Australia APRC Arab Petroleum Research Center APRC Amerya Petroleum Refining Company Egypt APSCO Arab Petroleum Services Co. OAPEC APTI Arab Petroleum Training Institute OAPEC ARAMCO (see Saudi Aramco) (formerly Arabian American Oil Company) Saudi Arabia ARPEL Assistencia Reciproca Petrolera Empresarial Latinoamerica Regional Assn. of Oil & Natural Gas Cos. in Latin America and the Caribbean)(—) ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations (—) ASEG Australian Society of Exploration Geophysicists Australia ASESA Asfaltes Espanoles S.A. Spain ASRY Arab Shipbuilding & Repair Yard Co. OAPEC ATAS Anadolu Tastiyehanesi A.S. Turkey ATLANTICO Compania Espanola de Petroleos Atlantico S.A. Spain AXORC Assuit Oil Refining Company Egypt BANAGAS Bahrain National Gas Co. BSC Bahrain BANOCO Bahrain National Oil Company Bahrain BAPCO Bahrain Petroleum Company BSC Bahrain BAPETCO Badr El Deen Petroleum Co. Egypt BAPEX Bangladesh Petroleum Exploration Company Ltd. Bangladesh BASF Badische Anilin & Soda Frabrik AG BERL Boral Energy Resources Ltd. Australia BG British Gas plc UK BG E&P BG Exploration and Production Ltd.UK BGC British Gas Council UK BHP Broken Hill Proprietary plc Australia

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR BITOR BMP

Bitumenes Orinoco S.A. Venezuela Bureau of Minerals and Petroleum Denmark BNOCL Barbados National Oil Company Ltd. Barbados BNPE Bureau de Normalisation du Petrole BOMINFLOT KG Bominflot Bunkergas fuer Mineraloele mbH & Co. BOPEC Bonaire Petroleum Corporation Neth. Antilles BORCO Bahamas Oil Refining Co. Venezuela BOTAS BOTAS, Petroleum Pipeline Corp. Ltd. Turkey BP British Petroleum Company plc UK BPC Bharat Petroleum Corp. India BR Petrobras Internacional S.A. Brazil BRASPETRO Petrobras Internacional S.A. Brazil BRGG Bureau de Recherches Geologiques et Geophysique BRGM Bureau de Recherches Geologiques et Minieres BSI British Standards Institute UK BTL Bantry Terminals Ltd. Ireland CAL Caltex Australia Ltd. Australia CALTEX Various s of Texaco Inc, and Chevron Corp. partnership — CAMEL Companie Algerienne du Methane Liquide /Algeria CAMPSA Compania Arrendataria del Monopolio de Petroleos, S.A. (sub. of Repsol) Spain CAPAG Entreprise Moderne de Canalisations Petrolieres, Aquiferes et Gasieres CARBESA Carbon Black Espanola S.A. Spain CCC Clean Caribbean Cooperative (—) CEDIPSA Compania Espanola Distribuidora de Petroleos S.A. Spain CEP&M Comite d’Etudes Petrolieres et Marine CEPCO City Ecuadoriana Production Co. Ecuador CEPE Corporacion Estatal de Petroleo Ecuatoriano Ecuador

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Abbreviations for Companies, Associations, and Organizations

CEPSA CERHYD CFG CFM CFP CFR CGES CGG CHR CIEPSA CIM CINSA CIRES CKTA CLH CMPT CNACG CNI CNODC CNOOC CNPC CNSI

Compania Espanola de Petroleos, S.A. Spain Centre de Recherche Pour La Valorisation des Hydrocarbures & Derives Algeria Companie Francaise pour le Developpement de Geothermie et des Energies Nouvelles Companie Francaise du Methane Companie Francaise du Petroles (also Total) Companie Francaise de Raffinage (sub. of Total) Centre for Global Energy StudiesUK Companie Generale de Geophysique Surgutneftegas Russia Compania de Investigacion y Exploraciones Petroliferas, S.A. Spain Companie Industrielle Maritime Compania Insular del Nitrogena, S.A. Spain Companhia Industrial de Resinas Sinteticas Portugal Central Kazakhstan Territorial istration for Natural Resource Protection Kazakhstan Compania Logistica de Hidrocarburos S.A. Spain Centre for Marine & Petroleum Technology UK China National istration of Coal Geology China Conoco Norway Norway China National Oil & Gas Exploration & Development Corp. (see CSPC) China China National Offshore Oil Corporation China China National Petroleum Corporation China Conoco North Sea Inc. Norway

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR COCHIME

Companie Chimique de la Mediterranee CODESSAS Cia. Operadora de Estaciones de Servicio S.A. de CV Mexico COLPET Colombian Petroleum Co. Colombia COMESA Cie. Mexicana de Exploraciones S.A. Mexico COMGAS Companhia de Gas de Sao Paolo Brazil COMMEGO Committee on Geology & Mineral Resources Bulgaria CONCAWE Oil companies’ European organization for environment, health and safety Belgium CONSPAIN Continental Oil Co. of Spain (Conoco Espanola, S.A.) Spain COOP Societe Cooperative Des Petroles Egypt COPAREX Companie de Participations, de Recherches et d’Exploitations Petrolieres CORC Cairo Oil Refining Company Egypt COSMO Japan COVA Netherlands National Petroleum Stockpiling Agency (Stichting Centraal Orgaan Voorraadvorming Aardolieprodukten) Netherlands C Chinese Petroleum Corporation, Taiwan Republic of China C Caspian Pipeline Consortium Kazakhstan C Ceylon Petroleum Corporation Sri Lanka CL Chennai Petroleum Corp. Ltd. India DP Comite Professionel du Petrole I PT Caltex Pacific Indonesia Indonesia CRC Czech Refinery Company Czech Rep. CRE Comision Reguladora de Energia Mexico CRP Bureau de Recherche de Petrole CRR Companie Rhenane de Raffinage CSPC China Southern Petroleum Exploration & Development Corp. (formerly CNODC, sub of CNPC)China CUPET Commercial Cupet S.A. Cuba DANA Dana Petroleum plc UK DANOP Dansk Operatorselskab Denmark

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Abbreviations for Companies, Associations, and Organizations

DDGAS DEA

South Transdanubian Gas Co. Deutsche Erdol Aktiengesselschaft (see REW-DEA) DELEK Delek the Israel Fuel Corp. Ltd. Israel DEMINEX DEMINEX GmbH DEP Public Petroleum Corp. S.A. Greece DEPA Greek State Natural Gas Company Greece DERPROSA Derivados del Propileno S.A. Spain DEUDAN Deutsche/Danische Erdgastransport GmbH /Denmark DEUTAG Deutsche Tiefbohr-AG DGMK German Society for Petroleum & Coal Science & Technology (Deutsche Wissenschaftliche Gesellschaft fur Erdol, Erdgas und Kohle e.V.) DICOL Distribuidora de Combustiveis e Lubrificantes da Guinea Bissau Lda. Portugal DIGANAMEX Distribuidora de Gas Natural del Estado de Mexico S.A. Mexico DIGAQRO Distribuidora de Gas de Queretaro S.A. Mexico DIMAH Direction des Matieres Premiers et des Hydrocarbures DIOCO DEMINEX Egypt Co. Egypt DISPESA Compania Distribuidora de Productos Petroliferos S.A. Spain DITAS TPAO Marine Tanker Subsidiary Turkey DMGM Direction Nationale de la Geologie et des Mines Mali DNO Det Norske Oljeselskap A/S Norway DNV Det Norske Veritas Norway DONG Dansk Olie og Naturgas A/S Denmark DTI Department of Trade & Industry UK DUC Dansk Underground Consortium Denmark DUPETCO Dubai Petroleum Co. Dubai E&P FORUM Oil Industry Intenational Exploration & Production Forum UK EAGE European Assn. of Geoscientists & Engineers Netherlands

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR EC ECN

European Commission (—) Netherlands Energy Research Foundation (Energieonderzoek Centrum Nederland) Netherlands ECOPETROL Empresa Colombiana de Petroleos Colombia EEC Energy Equity Corp. Ltd. Australia EEG Erdgas Erdol Gommern EEMUA Engineering Equipment & Materials s Assn. UK EGPC Egyptian General Petroleum Corp. Egypt EGSMA Egyptian Geological Survey & Mining Authority Egypt EGTA Etudes et Grands Travaux de l’Atlantique EIGS Ethopian Institute for General Surveys Ethiopia EIVAL Sociedad de Empreendimentos, Investimentos e Armazenagem de Gases S.A. Portugual EKTA East Kazakhstan Territorial istration for Natural Resource Protection Kazakhstan ELF Elf Aquitaine (now TotalFinaElf ) ELF NORGE Elf Petroleum Norge A/S Norway ELGI Eotvos Lorand Geofizikai Intezet (Geophysical Institute of Hungary) Hungary EMAGEO Entreprise Nationale de Geophysique Algeria EMALCO Empresa Almacenadora de Combustibles Ltda. Chile EMARAT Emirates General Petroleum Corp. UAE ENACOL Empresa Nacionale de Combustiveis, SARL Cape Verde ENAFOR Entreprise Nationale de Forage Algeria ENAGAS Empresa Nacional del Gas S.A. Spain ENAP Empresa Nacional del Petroleo Chile ENFERSA Empresa Nationale de Fertiliantes S.A. Spain ENGEBRAS Engenharia Especializada Brasileira, S.A. Brazil

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Abbreviations for Companies, Associations, and Organizations

ENH ENI ENIP ENPPI EOP EPC EPC EPSG ERAP ERIP ESSAF ESSO REP ETAP ETDE ETPM EU EURAFREP EURAFRAP EUROGAS EUROGIF EUROPIA EV FERTIL

Empresa Nacional de Hidrocarbonetos de Moçambique Mozambique Ente Nazionale Idrocarburi S.p.A. (incorporates Agip) Italy Entreprise Nationale d’Industrie Petrochimique Algeria Engineering for the Petroleum and Process Industries Egypt Edinburgh Oil & Gas plc UK Ethiopian Petroleum Enterprise Ethiopia Egyptian Petrochemicals Company Egypt European Petroleum Survey Group (—) Entreprise de Recherches et d’Activites Petrolieres European/Russian Council for the Petroleum Industry (—) Esso Standard Societe Anonyme Francaise Societe Esso de Recherches et Exploitation Petrolieres Entreprise Tunisienne d’Activites Petrolieres Tunisia Energy Technology Data Exchange (intl. consortium) (—) Societe Entrepose G.T.M pour les Travaux Petroliers Maritimes European Union (—) Societe de Recherches et d’Exploitation de Petrole EURAFRAP Nederland B.V. (and others) Netherlands European Union of the Natural Gas Industry Belgium European Oil and Gas Innovation Forum (—) European Petroleum Industry Assn. (—) Erdoel-Vereinigung (Swiss Petroleum Assn.) Switzerland Ruwais Fertilizer Industries Ltd. Abu Dhabi

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR FIGAZ FINA FIOC FPB FRANCAREP

Federation de l‘Industrie du Petrole PetroFina S.A. (now TotalFinaElf) Belgium First International Oil Company Kazakhstan Belgian Oil Federation Belgium Compagnie Franco-Afrique de Recherches Petrolieres G7 Group of Seven (leading industrialized countries) (—) GAIL Gas Authority India GAOCMAO Gulf Area Oil Companies Mutual Aid Organization (—) GASCO Abu Dhabi Gas Industries Ltd. Abu Dhabi GASCO Egyptian Natural Gas Co. Egypt GASUNIE NV Nederlandse Gasunie Netherlands GATOIL Subsidiary of NOC Libya Libya GAZPROM RAO Gazprom (former USSR Ministry of Gas Production) Russia GCC Gulf Cooperation Council Middle East GDF Gas de GDP Gas de Portugal Portugal GEISO Geisum Oil Company Egypt GEOPLIN Slovenian Gas Company Slovenia GEP French Oil & Gas Suppliers Council (Groupement des Entreprises Parapetrolieres et Paragazieres) GFU Gas Negotiating Board Norway GHAIP Ghanaian-Italian Petroleum Co., Ltd. Ghana GIO Gulf Investment Organization Kuwait/GCC GNPC Ghana National Petroleum Corp. Ghana GNPOC Greater Nile Petroleum Operating Co. Egypt GPA EUROPE Gas Processors Assn. – Europe (—) GPC The General Petroleum Co. Egypt GPEP Gabinete Para Pesquisa e Exploracao de Petroleo Portugal GSPC Gujarat State Petroleum Corp. Ltd. India GUPCO Gulf of Suez Petroleum Co. Egypt HAR Hellenic Aspropyrgas Refinery Greece

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Abbreviations for Companies, Associations, and Organizations

HELIOS HISPANOIL HOC HPCL HYDRO HYDROCONGO HYLSA IAEE IAP IAPG IBP ICGTI ICI ICIANZ IA IEA IEEJ IEF IEOC IFC IFE IFP IGSAS IGU IMIQ IMO INA

Ste. Pour la Construction et l’Exploitation d’une Usine d’Helium Liquide et d’Azote Algeria Hispanica de Petroleos, S.A. (see Repsol) Spain Hindustan Organic Chemicals Ltd. India Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Ltd. India Norsk Hydro Norway National Oil Exploration and Exploitation Corp. Congo Hojalata y Lamina, S.A. Mexico International Assn. for Energy EconomicsUS Institut Algerien du Petrole Algeria Instituto Argentino del Petroleo y del Gas Argentina Instituto Brasileiro de Petroleo Brazil International Centre for Gas Technology Information IEA Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd. UK Imperial Chemical Industries of Australia & New Zealand Ltd. UK International Cooperative Petroleum Assn. Netherlands International Energy Agency (—) Institute of Energy Economics, Japan Japan International Energy Forum (—) International Egyptian Oil Co., Inc. Egypt International Finance Corporation World Bank Institute of Energy Technology Norway Institut Francais du Petrole Istanbul Fertiliser Industry Corp. Turkey International Gas Union Instituto Mexicano de Ingenieros Químicos AC Mexico International Maritime Organization(—) Industrija Nafte Croatia

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR INDEIN

Ingenieria y Desarrolio Industrial S.A. Spain INH Instituto Nacional de Hidrocarburos Spain INI Instituto Nacional de Industria Spain INOC Iraq National Oil Company Iraq INPC Irish National Petroleum Corp. Ltd. Ireland INPEX Indonesian Petroleum Ltd. Japan INPP Institut Nationale de Plongee Professionnelle INTERQUISA Intercontinental Quimica S.A. Spain INTERTANKO Intl. Assn. of Independent Tanker Owners (—) IOC Indian Oil Company India IOOA Irish Offshore Operators’ Assn. Ireland IOPC Intl. Oil Pollution Compensation (—) IP The Institute of Petroleum UK IP Italiana Petroli S.p.A. Italy IPA Indonesian Petroleum Assn. Indonesia IPE The International Petroleum Exchange of London Ltd. UK IPIC International Petroleum Investment Co. UAE IPIECA International Petroleum Industry Environmental Conservation Assn.UK IRBP Institut Royal Belge du Petroles Belgium IRO Assn. of Dutch Suppliers in the Oil & Gas Industry Netherlands ISNEFT Israel National Oil Co. Ltd. Israel ISO International Organization for Standardization (—) JAPEX Japan Petroleum Exploration Co. Ltd. Japan JAPT Japanese Assn. for Petroleum Technology Japan JEC Japan Energy Corporation Japan JGA Japan Gas Association Japan JIS Japanese Industrial Standards Japan JKX JKX Oil and Gas plc UK JNOC Japan National Oil Corporation Japan JUPC Jubail United Petrochemical Co. Saudi Arabia

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Abbreviations for Companies, Associations, and Organizations

KAFCO KBB

Kuwait Aviation Fueling Co. KSC Kuwait Kavernen Bau- und Betriebs-GmbH KCS Kazakhstancaspishelf t Stock Co. Kazakhstan KMOC Khanty Mansiysk Oil Corp.Siberia, Russia KNOC Korean National Oil Corporation Korea KNPC Kuwait National Petroleum Co. KSC Kuwait KOC Kuwait Oil Company KSC Kuwait KOGAS Korean Gas Corp. Korea KOTC Kuwait Oil Tanker Co. Kuwait KPC Kuwait Petroleum Corp. Kuwait KPC Khalda Petroleum Company Egypt/Spain KTM Kazakhturmunay Ltd. t Petroleum Corp. Turkey/Kazakhstan KUFPEC Kuwait Foreign Petroleum Exploration Co. KSC Kuwait KVO Koninklijke Van Ommeren NV Netherlands LASMO LASMO plc (London & Scottish Marine Oil Co.) UK LGA Laboratoire de Geophysique Applique Algeria LGSC Liquified Gas Shipping Co. Abu Dhabi LOR Lindsey Oil Refinery Ltd. UK LUBRIESUR Lubricantes del Sur S.A. Spain LUBRINER Lubricantes Nervion S.A. Spain LUBRITURIA Lubricantes Turia S.A. Spain LUK Lukoil Russia MABANAFT Marquard & Bahls AG MAMR Main istration of Mineral Resources KAZGOSNEDRA Kazakhstan MARICONSULT Technical to Transmed Algeria MEDCO Mediterranean Oil Shipping & Transport Co. SAL Lebanon MEGAL Mittle-Europaische-Gasleitungsgesellschaft MEKOG Maatschappij Tot Exploitatie van Kooksovengassen NV Netherlands

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR METG

Mittelrheinische Ergastransport GmbH MGT Mongol Petroleum Co. Mongolia MIDTAP Middle East Oil Tankage & Pipelines Egypt MIGOP Misr Gulf Oil Processing Company Egypt MIRO Mineraloelraffinerie Oberrhein GmbH & Co. MITI Ministry of International Trade and Industry Japan MND Czech National Oil Company Czech Rep. MOC ACOR Distrubuidora de Cumbustiveis S.A. Mozambique MOCL Mobil Oil Co. Ltd.UK MODEC Mitsui Ocean Development & Engineering Co., Ltd. Japan MOL Magyar Olaj es Gasipari Reszvenytarsasag (Hungarian Oil & Gas Co. Ltd.) Hungary MPAL Magellan Petroleum Australia Ltd. Australia MPC Misr Petroleum CompanyEgypt MPDC Mitsubishi Petroleum Development Co. Ltd. Japan MPL Murco Petroleum Limited UK MRPM Bureau de Recherches et de Participations Minieres Morocco Morocco MTA General Directorate of Mineral Research & Exploration Turkey MWV Assn. of the German Petroleum Industry (Mineralolwirtschaftsverband) NAFTAL Entreprise Nationale de Raffinage et de Distribution des Produits Petroliers Algeria NAFTEC Refining subsidiary of SONATRACH Algeria NAFTOGAZ Centre de Developpement et d’Application des Techniques Petrolieres et Gaieres Algeria NAM Nederlandse Aardolie Mij BV Netherlands

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Abbreviations for Companies, Associations, and Organizations

NAMCOR

National Petroleum Corp. of Namibia Namibia NATREF National Petroleum Refiners of South Africa (Pty) Ltd. South Africa NDC National Drilling Co. Abu Dhabi NDSM Nederlandse Dok en Scheepsbouw Maatschappij Netherlands NEREFCO Netherlands Refining Co. Netherlands NETG Nordrheinische Erdgastransport GmbH NETRA Norddeutsche Erdgas Transversale & Co. NGI Norge Geotekniske Institut Norway NGSCO National Shipping Co. Abu Dhabi NGV Natural Gas Vehicles Company Egypt NIDOCO Nile Delta Oil Company Egypt and others NIGC National Iranian Gas Company Iran NIOC National Iranian Oil Co. Iran NIPC National Iranian Petrochemical Company Iran NIRPDC National Iranian Refining & Petroleum Products Distribution Co. Iran NKTA West Kazakhstan Territorial istration for Natural Resource Protection Kazakhstan NLNG Nigerian LNG Nigeria NMS National Marine Service Co. Abu Dhabi NNPC National Petroleum Construction Co. Abu Dhabi NNPC Nigerian National Petroleum Corp. Nigeria NOC LIBYA National Oil Company (Libya) Libya NOCK National Oil Corporation of Kenya Ltd. Kenya NODCO National Oil Distribution Co. Qatar NOGEPA Netherlands Oil & Gas Exploration & Production Assn. Netherlands NP Trinidad & Tobago National Petroleum Marketing Co. Ltd. Trinidad & Tobago NPC National Petroleum Company Barbados

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR NPC NPD NPIC NWO NZOG OAPEC OCENSA OCIMF OEA OECD OEP OGDC OGON OGP OILINVEST OKGT OKIOC OLADE OLECASA OLF OMNIS

OMV ONACO

Nasr Petroleum Co. Egypt Norwegian Petroleum Directorate Norway National Petrochemical Industrialization Co. Saudi Arabia Nord-West Oelleitung GmbH New Zealand Oil and Gas Ltd. New Zealand Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries (—) Oleoducto Central S.A. Colombia Oil Companies International Marine Forum (—) Operaciones Especiales Argentinas Argentina Organization for Economic Cooperation & Development (—) Organization for Energy Planning Egypt Oil and Gas Development Corp. Pakistan Onroerend Goed Oranje-Nassau NV Netherlands International Assn. Of Oil & Gas Producers UK Intl. Arm of NOC Libya Libya Hungarian National Oil & Gas Trust Hungary Offshore Kazakhstan Intl. Operating Co. Kuwait Organization Latinoamericana de Energia Ecuador Oleoductos Canarios S.A. Spain Norwegian Oil Industry Assn. Norway Office des Mines Nationales et des Indusries Strategiques (formerly Office Militaire National Pour Les Industries Strategiques) Madagascar Oesterreichische Mineraloelverwaltung A.G. Austria Orenburg Oil Company Russia

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Abbreviations for Companies, Associations, and Organizations

ONAREP

Office National des Recherches et d’Exploitations Petrolieres (Moroccan National Oil Co.) Morocco ONE Oranje-Nassau Energie Netherlands ONEPM Oranje-Nassau Energy Participate Netherlands ONGC Oil and Natural Gas Commission India OPAB Oljeprospektering AB Sweden OPC Oriental Petrochemicals Company Egypt OPEC Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (—) OPECNA OPEC News Agency OPEC OPITO Offshore Petroleum Industry Training Organization UK ORL Oil Refineries Ltd. Israel OSL Oil Search Ltd. New Guinea OSO Oil, Gas & Petrochemicals Supplies Office UK PAJ Petroleum Assn. of Japan Japan PAN ANDEAN Pan Andean Resources plc UK PARCO Pak-Arab Refinery Pakistan/Abu Dhabi PAS Petroleum Air Services Company Egypt PC Perez Comerc Argentina PCJ Petroleum Corp. of Jamaica Jamaica PCK Petrolchemie und Kraftstoffe AG Schwedt PDB Petronas Dagangan Bhd. Malaysia PDO Petroleum Development Oman Oman PDV Petroleos de Venezuela (also PDVSA) Venezuela PDVSA Petroleos de Venezuela Venezuela PEMEX Petroleos Mexicanos Mexico PEQUIVEN Petroquimica de Venezuela Venezuela PERMAGO Perforaciones Marinas del Golfo S.A. Mexico PERSERO PT Perusahaan Gas Negara Indonesia PERTAMINA Perusahaan Pertambangan Minyak dan Gas Bumi Negara (Indonesian State Oil and Gas Enterprise) Indonesia

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR PERUPETRO Peru Petro S.A. Peru PESGB Petroleum Exploration Society of Great Britain UK PETRESA Petroquimica Espanola, S.A. Spain PETROBANGLA Bangladesh Oil, Gas & Mineral Corporation Bangladesh PETROBEL Belayim Petroleum Co. Egypt PETROBRAS Petroleo Brasileiro, S.A. Brazil PETROCAN Petroleos de Canarias Spain PETROCI Societe Nationale d’Operations Petrolieres de la Cote d’Ivoire Cote d’Ivoire PETROEmpresa Estatal de Commercializacion COMMERCIAL y Transporte de Petroles del Ecuador Ecuador PETROPetroleos de Ecuador Ecuador

ECUADOR

PETROGAB PETROGAL PETROGAS PETROJET PETROGUIN PETROINDUSTRIAL PETROJAM PETROKEMYA PETROL PETROM PETROMED PETROMIN PETROMINAS PETROMOC

Societe Nationale Petroliere -PETROGAB Gabon Petroleos de Portugal Portugal Petroleum Gas Co. Egypt Petroleum Projects and Technical Consultations Co. Egypt National Petroleum Co. of Guinea-Bissau (formerly PETROMINAS) Guinea-Bissau Empresa Estatal de Industrializacion de Petroles del Ecuador Ecuador Petroleum Corporation of Jamaica Jamaica Arabian Petrochemical Co. Saudi Arabia Petrol, A Slovene Oil Company Slovenia Petrom RA Romania Petroleos del Mediterraneo Spain General Petroleum and Mineral Organization Saudi Arabia Empresa Nacional de Pesquisa e Exploracao Petroliferas e Mineras EP (now PETROGUIN) Guinea-Bissau Empresa Nacional Petroles de Moçambique Mozambique

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Abbreviations for Companies, Associations, and Organizations

PETRON

Petron Corporation (PNOC/Saudi Aramco partnership) Philippines PETRONAS Petroliam Nasional Bhd. Malaysia PETRONET Petronet India ltd. India PETRONIC Empresa Nicaraguense del Petroleo Nicaragua PETRONOR Petroleos del Norte, S.A. Spain PETROPAR Petroleos Paraguayos Paraguay PETROPERU Petroleos del Peru Peru PETROEmpresa Estatal de Exploration y Produccion PRODUCTION de Petroleos del Ecuador Ecuador PETROQUISA Petrobras Quimica S.A. Brazil PETROREP Societe Petroliere de Recherches Dans La Region Parisienne PETROSEN Societe Nationale des Petroles du Senegal Senegal PETROSUR Petroleos del Sur S.A. Spain PETROTRIN Petroleum Company of Trinidad & Tobago Ltd. Trinidad & Togago PETROVietnam Oil and Gas Company Vietnam VIETNAM PETROZAIRE Entreprise Petroliere du Zaire Zaire PGNIG Polish Oil and Gas Co. Poland PIP Phillips-Imperial Petroleum Ltd. UK PNOC Philippine National Oil Company Philippines POAS TPAO Marketing Subsidiary Turkey POHOL Private Oil Holdings Oman Ltd. Oman POLICOLSA Poliolefinas Colombianas S.A. Colombia PORMINER Promotora de Minmercados S.A. Spain PORTGAS Sociedad de Producao e Distribucion de Gas S.A. Portugal PPC Petroleum Pipelines Company Egypt PPL Pakistan Petroleum Ltd. Pakistan PROAS Productos Asfalticos S.A. Spain PRODESA Productos de Estireno, S.A. de C.V. Mexico PROPEL Produtos de Petroleo Lda. Portugal PROTEXA Construcciones Protexa, S.A. de C.V. Mexico PSO Pakistan State Oil Company Ltd. Pakistan

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR PTB

Belayim Petroleum Company – PETROBEL Egypt PTIT Petroleum Institute of Thailand Thailand PTSI PT Stanvac Indonesia Indonesia PTT Petroleum Authority of Thailand Thailand PTTEP PTT Exploration & Production Public Co. Ltd. Thailand PTTEPI PTTEP International Ltd. Thailand PTTEPO PTTEP Offshore Investment Co. Ltd. Thailand QATARGAS Qatar Liquified Gas Co. (consortium) Qatar Q-CHEM Qatar Chemical Corp. Qatar QGPC Qatar General Petroleum Corporation Qatar QTHERM Queensland Department of Energy Australia QUIMAR Quimica del Mar, S.A. Mexico RAG Rohol-Aufsuchungs AG Austria RAMCO Ramco Energy plc UK RASGAS Ras Laffan LNG Co. (consortium) Qatar RASHPETC Rashed Oil Company Egypt and others RASIOM Raffinerie Siciliane Olii Minerali Italy REGANOSA Regasification subsidiary of SONATRACH Algeria REPSOL Repsol S.A. (formerly “Hispanoil”)(see Repsol-YPF) Spain REPSOL-YPF Former Hispanoil (Spain) & YPF (Argentina) Spain RESISA Resinas Sinteticas S.A. Spain ROSKOMinistry of Fuel & Energy for the MNEDRA Russian Federation Russia RPC Refineria de Petroleo Concon S.A. Chile RPL Reliance Petroleum Ltd. India RRP NV Rotterdam-Rijn Pijpleiding Mij Netherlands RSO Red Sea Oil Corporation Tanzania RWE-DEA RWE(=Rheinische-Westfalische Electrzitatwerk AG)-DEA AG fur Mineraloel und Chimie

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Abbreviations for Companies, Associations, and Organizations

SAAGA

Sociedad Acoreana de Armazenagem de Gas S.A. Portugal SABIC Saudi Arabia Basic Industries Corporation Saudi Arabia SADCOP, Syrian Storing and Distributing Co., MAHRUKAT Petroleum Products Syria SAFAF Saudi Petrochemical Co. Saudi Arabia SAGA Saga Petroleum AS Norway SAGE Scottish Area Gas Evacuation Pipeline System UK SAMREF Saudi Aramco Mobil Refinery Co. Ltd. Saudi Arabia SAPIA South African Petroleum Industry Assn. South Africa SAR Societe Africaine de Raffinage Senegal SARAS Saras S.p.A. Raffinerie Sarde Italy SARPI Ste. Algerienne pour la Reparation des Pipelines Algeria SARPOM Societa Azionaria Raffinazione Olli Minerali Italy SASOL South African Coal, Oil and Gas Corp. Ltd. South Africa SASREF Saudi Aramco Shell Refinery Co. Saudi Arabia SAUDI Saudi Arabian Oil Company ARAMCO Saudi Arabia SCANRAFF Skandinaviska Raffinaderi AB Sweden SC Saudi Chevron Petrochemical Corp. Saudi Arabia SM Supreme Council for Petroleum & Minerals Saudi Arabia SECA Societe Europeenne des Carburants Belgium SECWA State Energy Commission of Western Australia Australia SEDIGAS Sociedad para el Estudio y Desarrallo de la Industria del Gas S.A. Spain SEREPCA Societe Elf de Recherches et d’Exploitation des Petroles au Cameroun Cameroon

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR SETG

Suddeutsche Erdgastransport GmbH SGF Societe Geologique de SH Saarberg Handel GmbH SHARQ Eastern Petrochemical Co. Saudi Arabia SHELL Royal Dutch/Shell Group Netherlands/UK SI Suez Oil Company Egypt and others SINOPEC Chinese Petroleum and Chemical CorporationChina SIPC Saudi International Petrochemicals Co. Saudi Arabia SIPETROL Sociedad Internacional Petrolera S.A. Chile SIR Societe Ivoirienne de Raffinage Cote d’Ivoire SIRIM Standards & Industrial Research Institute of Malaysia Malaysia SKTA South Kazakhstan Territorial istration for Natural Resource Protection Kazakhstan SLPRC Sierra Leone Petroleum Refining Co. Ltd. Sierra Leone SMR Societe Malgache de Raffinage Madagascar SNH Societe Nationale des Hydrocarbures Cameroon SNOC Seychelles National Oil Co. Ltd. Seychelles SOC Sirte Oil Company Libya SOCAR State Oil Company of the Azerbaijan Republic Azerbaijan SOCDET Sydney Oil Co. Drilling & Exploration Australia SOCIR Societe Congo-Italianne de Raffinage Dem. Rep. of the Congo SOGARA Societe Equatoriale de Raffinage Gabon SOGUIP Societe Guineane de Petroles Guinea SOMALGAZ Societe Mixte Algerienne de Gaz Algeria SONACOL Sociedad Nacional de Oleoductos Ltda. Chile SONAP Societe Nationale de Commercialisation des Produits Petrolieres Benin

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Abbreviations for Companies, Associations, and Organizations

SONANGOL Sociedade Nacional de Combustiveis Sonangol Angola SONATRACH Entreprise Nationale Sonatrach Algeria SONELGAZ Societe Nationale d’Electricite et du Gaz Algeria SONIDEP Societe Nigerienne de Produits Petroliers Niger SONPETROL Sondeos Petroliferos, S.A. Spain SOPC Suez Oil Processing Company Egypt SOPOR Sociedad Distribuidora de Cumbustiveis S.A. Portugal SOQUIP Societe Quebecoise d’Initiatives Petrolieres Canada SOR Sharjah Oil Refining Co. Ltd. Emir. of Sharjah SOTRAL Societe de Transport d’Arzews Algeria SPC Syrian Petroleum Co. Syria SPC Singapore Petroleum Company Ltd. Singapore SPC Societe Cherifienne des Petroles Morocco SPC BVI Sonatrach Petroleum Corp. British V.I. SPE AB Svenska Petroleum Exploration AB Sweden SPI Svenska Petroleum Institutet och Oljebolagen I Sverige Sweden SPI Societe Petrolifera Italiana Italy SPIC Southern Petrochemical Industries Corp. Ltd. India SPL Shell Pakistan ltd. Pakistan SPL Saudi Petroleum Ltd. Saudi Arabia SPLSE Societe du Pipe-Line Sud Europeen SPOL Saudi Petroleum Overseas Ltd. Saudi Arabia STAATSOLIE Staatsolie Maatschappij Suriname NV (State Oil Co. Suriname NV) Suriname STATOIL Den Norske Stats Oljeselskap AS Norway STEG Societe Tunisienne d’Electricite et de Gaz Tunisia SUCO Suez Oil Company Egypt SUMED Arab Petroleum Pipelines Co. Egypt & others

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR SUT SYCOPOL TAL

Society for Underwater Technology UK Oil Spill Control Assn. of Deutsche Transalpine Oelleitung GmbH TAL AUSTRIA Transalpine Olleitungin Oesterreich GmbH Austria TAMOIL Subsidiary of NOC Libya Libya TAMSA Tubos de Acero de Mexico, S.A. Mexico TATNEFT Tatneft Tatarstan, Russia TATSA Tanques de Acero Trinity, S.A. Mexico TECHINT Compania Technica Internacional Brazil TENP Trans Europa Naturgas Pipeline GmbH TEPSA Terminales Portuadias S.A. Spain TEXSPAIN Texaco (Spain) Inc. Spain TMPC Transmediterranean Pipeline Co. Ltd. Algeria TNK Tyumenskaia Neftianaia Kompania (Tyumen Oil Company) Russia TOM Total Oil Marine plc UK TOP Tedcastles Oil Products Ltd. Ireland TOR Tema Oil Refinery Ghana TORC Thai Oil Refinery Co. Thailand TOTAL Total Fina Elf (merger of former CFP, PetroFina, Elf Aquitaine) TPAO Turkish Petroleum Corp. (Turkiye Petrolleri Anonim Ortakligi) Turkey TPDC Tanzanian Petroleum Development Corp. Tanzania TPIC Turkish Petroleum International Company Ltd. Turkey TPOC Turkish Petroleum Overseas Company Turkey TRANSMED Transmediterranean Pipeline Co. Ltd. (also TNPC) Algeria TRAPIL Societe des Transports Petroliers Par Pipeline TUMAS Turkish Engineering Consultancy & Contracting Corp. Turkey

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Abbreviations for Companies, Associations, and Organizations

TUPRAS UCSIP UFIP UIE UKOOA UKPIA URAG VEBA VELA VITOL VOST WAPET WEC WEG WEPCO WKTANRP WOC WPC WTO XPGC YANPET YPC YPF YPFB YUKONG YUKOS ZADCO ZAO BNK ZRCC

Turkiye Petrol Rafinerileri A.S. Turkey Union des Chambres Syndicales de l’Industrie du Petrole Union Francaise des Industries Petrolieres Union Industrielle et d’Entreprise UK Offshore Operators’ Assn. Ltd. UK UK Petroleum Industry Assn. Ltd. UK Unterweser Reederei GmbH Veba Oel Vela International Marine Ltd. Saudi Arabia Vitol and global subsidaries Netherlands Veba Oil Supply & Trading GmbH West Australian Petroleum Pty. Ltd. Australia World Energy Council UK Wirtschaftsverband Erdol und Erdgasewinnung e.V. Western Desert Petroleum Company Egypt West Kazakhstan Territorial istration for Natural Resource Protection Kazakhstan Wahe Oil Company Libya World Petroleum Congresses UK World Trade Organization — Xiamen Petroleum Group Co. Ltd. China Saudi Yanbu Petrochemical Co. Saudi Arabia Yemen Petroleum Company Yemen YPF S.A. (formerly Yacimientos Petroliferos Fiscales of Argentina) (see Repsol-YPF) Spain Yacimientos Petroliferos Fiscales Bolivianos Bolivia S K Corporation Korea Derived from YUganskneftegas+ KuibishevnefteOrgSintez Russia Zakum Development Co. Abu Dhabi CJSC Baltiskaya Nefteprevalochnaya Kompaniya Russia Zhenhai Refining & Chemical Co. Ltd. China

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MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION AND SYMBOLS COMMON OILFIELD SPELLINGS

A about–face aboveground acknowledgement acre-feet aeration aftercooler aftertreat afterwash air flow (n, adj) airfoil air line airtight alumna – s fem. alumnae – pl fem. alumnus – s masc. alumni – pl masc. anti-icer

B Backflow Backlight Back off Back pressure Backup (adj) Backwash Backwater Base line Baseplate Behavior

Belowground Bench mark Bench scale Blow-by Blowdown Blowout Boil off Borehole Bottom hole Breakaway Breakdown Break-even (adj) Break even (v) Breakout Breakpoint Breakthrough Breakup (n) Break up (v) Briquette Bubble cap Buildup (n) Build-up (adj) Build up (v) Built in Burn-off Burnout (n) Burnup (n) By Byproduct

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR

C Caribbean carry-over casinghead center line changeable change out (v) changeover channeling charge stock checklist check-out (adj) check out (v) checkpoint city-wide classroom Cleanout Cleanup (n) Clean up (v) Cleanup (adj) Clear-cut Close up (v) Close-up (n, adj) Closeout Coastline commingle Commitment controlling controlled co-op co-owner coproduct counterbalance counterbattery countercurrent counterflow country-wide

crisscross criterion – s criteria – pl cross- bedding cross-country cross flow crosshead crossover cross plot cross-reference cross section cutdown cutoff cutout cut point cycle oil

D datum – s data – pl dean dead time deadweight deepwater (adj) deep water (n) de-ethanizer desiccant desirable dew point doghouse dogleg double-ted downdip downdrag downflow downgrade downhole downstream

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Miscellaneous Information and Symbols

downthrown downtime drawdown drawoff (n) drawworks drill bit drill collar drillhead drillpipe drillship drillsite drillstem drillstock drillstring drumhead

E edgewise end point en route

F face-lifting fail-safe falloff farmin (n) farmout (n) feed rate feedstock feedwater fiberglass fieldman fill-up fireflood firebox fire wall

firewater (n) flatbed flier flow-control flow line flowmeter flywheel foam glass follow- up forklift formula formulas fourfold freeze-up freshwater (adj) frost line full time

G gamma ray gas oil gearbox gearshift grassroots gray ground line groundwater guesswork guideline

H halfway hammerblow handwritten hardback headlong hold-down

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR holdup homemade hookup in between (v) in-between (n, adj) industry- wide infill inflow (n) in-line inrush iso-octane (no other “iso” words)

J jackknife jackup (n) jack up (v) jobsite judgment

K kerosene know-how knockout knowledgeable

L landfill landmass lay barge laydown (n) lay-down (adj) lay down (v) leakoff leakproof left-hand lengthways

letdown lightweight lineup (n) line up (v) linkup (n) link up (v) lowboy lockout

M main line mainstream makeup manageable man-day man-hour man-year mathematics measurable Mediterranean Midcontinent Mideast midyear mile-wide millsite multimillion-dollar minable modeling mountainside mousehole movable mud cake mud line

N nationwide nearby

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Miscellaneous Information and Symbols

non-communist noticeable

O observable oceanfront offgas off-line off-loading off site offtake oil field (n) oilfield (adj) oilman oil well (n) oil-well (adj) onshore on site (n) on stream (n) open Hole outfall overall overhead overpressure overnight override

P paperback through payout percent phaseout pickup piggyback pinchout pipelay

pipelaying pipelayer pipeline pipe rack pipe still powerhouse predominant printout proof-test pullout (n, adj) pull out (v) push button

R rainwater rathole readout realizable real time reconnaissance reentry removable right-of-way rig-up (n) rig up (v) ringwall riprap roundoff round trip runback rundown (n) run down (v) run- down (adj) run forward runoff

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR

S salable saltwater (adj) salt water (n) salvageable sandblasting Scale-up Seabed sealift seawater second hand (n) secondhand (adj) sendout set point setup (n) severalfold shipshape shipside shipyard shoreline shortcut shortsighted shortwave shot hole shot point shut down (v) shutdown (n, adj) shut in (v) shutin (n, adj) shutoff (adj) side boom side cut side draw side stream sidetrack sidewall sizable slack line

slip t slipstream slow-up soleplate spanwise spectrum – s spectra – pl spot–check standby standoff standpipe standpoint standpost standstill start- up (n, adj) start up (v) steamflood steam line step- out (n) step – up (n, adj) stepwise straightforward straight- run stratum – s strata – pl stiffleg stopgap subpoena superheat switchgear

T tailor-made takeoff takeover take-up tank car tank truck

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Miscellaneous Information and Symbols

teardown tie-in tie-down titleholder toolpusher toss-up towline trademark trade name trade off trade out transatlantic traveling trouble – free troubleshoot trunk line turn down (v) turndown (n, adj) turnkey

U ultraviolet underwater underway updip upflow upstream up-to-date usable

W warm-up (adj) washout waste water water-cooled water cut waterflood

waterhead waterline waterside watertight waveform wave front wavelength weathertight wellhead wellbore wellsite wellstream wet out whipstock windblow wind-chill (adj) wireline workboat workbox work load workover (n, adj) work over (v) worldwide wraparound

X X-ray

Y year-end

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR

API STANDARD OIL-MAPPING SYMBOLS Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Abandoned location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

ERASE SYMBOL

Dry Hole . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oil well . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Abandoned oil well . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gas well . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Abandoned gas well . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Distillate well . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Abandoned distillate well . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dual completion—oil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dual completion—gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Drilled water-input well . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

W

Converted water-input well . . . . . . . . . . . .

W

Drilled gas-input well . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

G

Converted gas-input well . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

G

Bottom-hole location (x indicates bottom of hole. Changes in well status should be indicated as in symbol above) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

x

Salt water disposal well . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Courtesy American Petroleum Institute, Division of Production

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Miscellaneous Information and Symbols

MATHEMATICAL SYMBOLS

-: √ √ n √ 3

:

.

∞

> > < < ≥ ≤ ~

SIGNS

∴ therefore because : is to, divided by : : as; equals geometrical proportion varies as approaches a limit ∞ infinity ∫ integral d differential ∂ partial differential ∑ summation of ! factorial product π pi (3.1416) e epsilon (2.7183) ° degree ' minute; prime " second angle right angle ⊥ perpendicular O circle O arc ∆ triangle square rectangle ∴

≡ ≡

plus minus plus or minus multiplied by multiplied by divided by divided by equal to not equal to nearly equal to congruent to identical with not identical with equivalent to greater than not greater than less than not less than greater than or equal to less than or equal to difference between difference between difference between square root cube root nth root

:

+ ± x . ÷ / = ≠ ≈ ≅

AND

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR

GREEK ALPHABET Αα Ββ Γγ ∆δ Εε Ζζ Ηη Θθ Ι ι Κκ Λλ Μµ

Alpha Beta Gamma Delta Epsilon Zeta Eta Theta Iota Kappa Lambda Mu

Νν Ξξ Οο Ππ Ρρ Σσ Ττ Υυ Φφ Χχ Ψψ Ωω

Nu Xi Omicron Pi Rho Sigma Tau Upsilon Phi Chi Psi Omega

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Miscellaneous Information and Symbols

FREQUENTLY CITED CHEMICALS AND ABBREVIATIONS CFCs CO NOx PCBs TCDD

Chlorofluorocarbons Carbon Monoxide A mixture of nitrous oxide and nitrous dioxide Polychlorinated biphenyls tetrachlorobenzo-p-dioxin

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR

SYSTEM EQUIVALENTS METRIC SYSTEMS Length— 1 m = 100 cm = 1,000 mm = 0.001 km

1m2 = 10,000 cm2 Volume— 1m3 = 1,000,000 cm3 = 1,000,000 ml = 1,000 1 Mass— 1 kg = 1,000g 1 kg-mole = 1,000 gm-moles Density— 1 kg/m3 = 0.001 g/cm3 Area—

ENGLISH SYSTEM Length— 1 ft = 12 in. = 0.333 yd = 0.000189 miles

1 mile2 = 5,280 ft = 1,750 yd Area— 1 ft2 = 144 in. 2 1 mile2 = 27,878,400 ft2 Volume— 1 ft3 = 1728 in.3 = 0.178 bbl = .48 U.S. gal = 6.23 Imp. gal 1 bbl = 5.61 ft3 = 42 U.S. gal = 34.97 Imp. gal Density— 1 lb/gal = 7.48 lb/ft3 = 42 lb/bbl

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Miscellaneous Information and Symbols

METRIC-ENGLISH SYSTEMS CONVERSION FACTORS BASIC DIMENSIONS METRIC SYSTEM Length— meter (m)

kilometer (km) centimeter (cm) millimeter (mm) Area— square meters (m2) square centimeters (cm2) Volume— cubic meters (m3) cubic centimeters (cm3) liters (l) milliliters (ml) Mass— kilograms (kg) grams (g) gram-moles (gm-moles) kilograms-moles (kg-moles) Density— kg/m3 ,g/cm3

ENGLISH SYSTEM Length— inch (in.)

foot (ft) yard (yd) mile (mile Area— square inches (in. 2) square feet (ft2) square miles (miles 2) Volume— cubic inches (in. 3) cubic feet (ft3) barrels (bbl) U.S. gallons (gal) Imperial gallons (Imp. gal) Mass— pounds (lb) pound-moles (lb-moles) Density— pounds per gallon (lb/gal, lb/ft3)

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR

BASIC CONVERSION FACTORS 1 m = 3.281 ft = 39.37 in. 1 ft = 0.305 m = 30.5 cm = 3,050 mm 1 mile = 1.61 km 1 km = 0.621 mile Area— 1 m2 = 10.76 ft2 = 1,549 in. 2 1 ft2 = 0.0929 m2 = 929.4 cm2 Volume— 1 m3 = 35.32 ft2 = 6.29 bbl 1 l = 0.035 ft3 = 61 in. 3 1 ft3 = 0.0283 m3 = 28.31 1 bbl = 0.159 m3 = 1591 Mass— 1 kg = 2.205 lb 1 lb=0.454kg=454g 1 metric ton = 1,000 kg = 2,205 lb Density— 1 kg/m3 = 0.0624 lb/ ft3 1 lb/ft3 = 16.02 kg/ m3 = 0.01602 g/cm3 1 g/cm3 = 62.4 lb/ft3 Force— 1 kg force = 2.205 lb force 1 lb force = 0.454 kg force Work & Heat— 1 Btu = 0.252 kilocalories (kcal) 1 kcal = 3.97 Btu Power— 1 kilowatt (kw) = 860 kcal/hr = 3,415 Btu/hr = 1.341 horsepower (hp) 1 hp = 0.746 kw = 641 kcal/hr = 2,545 Btu/hr Enthalpy— 1 kcal/kg = 1.8 Btu/lb 1 Btu/lb = 0.556 kcal/kg Pressure— 1 bar = 14.51 lb/in. 2 (psi) = 0.987 atmospheres (atm) = 1.02 kg/cm2 1 kg/cm2 = 14.22 psi = 0.968 atm 1 psi = 0.0703 kg/cm2 Temperature— °C = 0.556 (°F – 32) °K = °C + 273 °F = 1.8°C + 32 °R = °F + 460 Length—

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UNIVERSAL CONVERSION FACTORS CONTENTS ACRE ACRE FOOT ACRE FOOT PER DAY ATMOSPHERE BARREL BARREL OF CEMENT BARREL PER DAY BARREL PER HOUR BARREL PER MINUTE BARREL PER SECOND BTU (60 ° F.) BTU (60 ° F.) PER DAY BTU PER HOUR BTU PER MINUTE BTU PER SECOND BTU PER SQUARE FOOT PER DAY BTU PER SQUARE FOOT PER HOUR BTU PER SQUARE FOOT PER MINUTE BTU PER SQUARE FOOT PER SECOND BUSHELS – U.S. (DRY) BUSHEL – IMPERIAL CENTARE (CENTIARE) CENTIGRAM CENTILITERS CENTIMETER

BACK

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR CENTIMETERS PER DAY CENTIMETERS PER HOUR CENTIMETER PER MINUTE CENTIMETER PER SECOND CENTIMETER OF MERCURY ( 0° C ) CENTIMETER PER SECOND PER SECOND CHAIN (SURVEYOR’S OR GUNTER’S) CIRCULAR MIL CHEVAL – VAPEUR (METRIC HORSEPOWER) CUBIC CENTIMETER CUBIC FOOT CUBIC FOOT PER DAY CUBIC FOOT PER HOUR CUBIC FOOT PER MINUTE CUBIC FOOT PER SECOND CUBIC INCH CUBIC INCH PER DAY CUBIC INCH PER HOUR CUBIC INCH PER MINUTE CUBIC INCH PER SECOND CUBIC METER CUBIC METERS PER DAY CUBIC METERS PER HOUR CUBIC METERS PER MINUTE CUBIC METERS PER SECOND CUBIC POISE CENTIMETER PER GRAM CUBIC POISE FOOT PER POUND CUBIC POISE INCH PER GRAM CUBIC YARD CUBIC YARD PER DAY CUBIC YARD PER HOUR CUBIC YARD PER MINUTE CUBIC YARD PER SECOND

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Universal Conversion Factors

DECIGRAM DECILITER DECIMETER DEGREE (ANGLE) DEGREE PER DAY DEGREE PER HOUR DEGREE PER MINUTE DEGREE PER SECOND DEKAGRAM DEKALITER DEKAMETER DRAM (AVOIRDUPOIS) DRAM (FLUID) DRAM (TROY OR APOTHECARY) FOOT (OR ENGINEER’S LINK) FOOT PER DAY FOOT PER HOUR FOOT PER MINUTE FOOT PER SECOND FOOT POUNDS FOOT POUND PER DAY FOOT POUND PER HOUR FOOT POUND PER MINUTE FOOT POUND PER SECOND FOOT OF WATER AT 60 ° F GALLON (DRY) GALLON (IMPERIAL) GALLON (LIQUID) GALLON (U.S.) PER DAY GALLON PER HOUR

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR GALLON PER MINUTE GALLON PER SECOND GRAIN (AVOIRDDUPOIS) GRAIN (AVOIR. ) PER BARREL GRAIN (AVOIR. ) PER CUBIC CENTIMETER GRAIN (AVOIR. ) PER CUBIC METER GRAIN (AVOIR. ) PER GALLON–U.S. GRAIN (AVOIR. ) PER LITER GRAM GRAM CALORIE (MEAN) GRAM CALORIE GRAM WEIGHT SECOND PER SQUARE CENTIMETER GRAM PER CUBIC CENTIMETER GRAM PER CUBIC FOOT GRAM PER CUBIC INCH GRAM PER CUBIC METER GRAM PER CENTIMETER GRAM PER FOOT GRAM PER INCH GRAM PER LITER GRAM PER METER GRAM PER SQUARE CENTIMETER GRAM PER SQUARE FOOT GRAM PER SQUARE INCH GRAM PER SQUARE METER HECTARE HEKTOLITER HEKTOGRAM HORSEPOWER

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Universal Conversion Factors

INCH INCH OF MERCURY @ 32° F. INCH OF WATER @ 60° F. JOULE (ABSOLUTE) KILOGRAMS KILOGRAM (CALORIE (MEAN) KILOGRAM (CALORIE (MEAN) PER MINUTE KILOGRAM METER KILOGRAM METER PER SECOND KILOGRAM METER PER MINUTE KILOGRAM PER METER KILOGRAM PER SQUARE CENTIMETER KILOGRAM PER SQUARE FOOT KILOGRAM PER SQUARE INCH KILOGRAM PER SQUARE KILOMETER KILOGRAM PER SQUARE METER KILOGRAM PER SQUARE MILLIMETER KILOMETER KILOMETER PER DAY KILOMETER PER HOUR KILOMETER PER MINUTE KILOMETER PER SECOND KILOMETER PER HOUR PER SECOND KILOLITER KILOWATT LINK (SURVEYORS) LITER LITER ATMOSPHERE LITER PER DAY

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR LITER PER HOUR LITER PER MINUTE LITER PER SECOND METER METER PER DAY METER PER HOUR METER PER MINUTE METER PER SECOND METER OF MERCURY @ 32° F. METER OF WATER @ 60° F. MICRON MIL MILE (STATUTE) MILE (STATUTE) PER DAY MILE (STATUTE) PER HOUR MILE (STATUTE) PER MINUTE MILE (STATUTE) PER SECOND MIL MILLIMETER MINUTE ( ANGLE) MILLIGRAM MILLIGRAM PER LITER MILLILITER OHM (ABSOLUTE) OUNCE (AVOIRDDUPOIS) OUNCE (FLUID) OUNCE (TROY) OUNCE (WEIGHT) PER SQUARE INCH PARTS PER MILLION POISE

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Universal Conversion Factors

PENNYWEIGHT POUND (TROY) POUND (AVOIRDDUPOIS) POUND OF CARBON OXIDIZED WITH 100% EFFICIENCY POUND (PRESSURE) PER SQUARE INCH POUND (WEIGHT) PER SQUARE FOOT POUND PER INCH POUND (AVOIR.) PER FOOT POUND (WEIGHT) PER CUBIC FOOT POUND PER CUBIC INCH POUND OF WATER EVAPORATED FROM AND AT 212° F. POUND OF WATER AT 60° F. POUND PER MILLION GALLONS POUND WEIGHT SECOND PER SQUARE FOOT POUND WEIGHT PER SECOND PER SQUARE INCH QUADRANT ( ANGLE) QUART ( U.S. –DRY) QUART (U.S. – LIQUID) QUIRE RADIAN RADIANS PER SECOND RADIAN PER SECOND PER SECOND REAM REVOLUTION REVOLUTIONS PER SECOND PER SECOND REVOLUTIONS PER MINUTE PER MINUTE REVOLUTIONS PER SECOND REVOLUTIONS PER MINUTE REVOLUTIONS PER HOUR REVOLUTIONS PER DAY ROD

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR SACK CEMENT SEAWATER GRAVITY SECOND, FOOT (WATER) SECOND, (ANGLE) SQARE CENTIMETER SQUARE CHAIN SQUARE DECIMETER SQUARE DEKAMETER SQUARE FOOT SQUARE FURLONG SQUARE HEKTOMETER SQUARE INCH SQUARE KILOMETER SQUARE LINK SQUARE METER SQUARE MIL SQUARE MILE OR SECTION SQUARE MILLIMETER SQUARE ROD SQUARE VARA (TEXAS) SQUARE YARD TEMPERATURE, ABSOLUTE IN CENTIGRADE OR KELVIN TEMPERATURE, ABSOLUTE IN FAHRENHEIT OR RANKIN TEMPERATURE, DEGREES CENTIGRADE TEMPERATURE, DEGREES FAHRENHEIT TEMPERATURE, DEGREES REAUMUR TONS (LONG) TONS (METRIC) TONS (NET) TON OF REFRIGERATION TONS (NET) OF WATER PER DAY

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Universal Conversion Factors

TONS (NET) OF WATER PER HOUR TONS (NET) OF WATER PER MINUTE TONS (NET) OF WATER PER SECOND VARA (TEXAS) WATT WATT HOUR WATT PER SQUARE INCH YARD

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR ACRE: = 0.0015625 0.004046875 0.1 0.4046875 10 40.46875 160 4,046.875 4,840 5,645.41213 43,560 77,440 100,000 400,000 404,687.5 40,468.750 6,272,640 4,046,875,000 0.4046875 40.46875 4,046.875

square miles or sections square kilometers square furlongs square hektometers square chains square dekameters square rods square meters square yards square varas (Texas) square feet square spans square links square hands square decimeters square centimeters square inches square millimeters hectares ares centares (centiares)

ACRE FOOT: = 1,233.48766 1,233.48766 1,633.3333 43,560 7,758.34 12,334.8766 35,000 33,933.16195 123,348.766 140,000 325,850.28 280,092.5925

kiloliters cubic meters cubic yards cubic feet barrels hektoliters bushels–U.S. (dry) bushels–Imperial (dry) dekaliters pecks gallons–U.S. (Liquid) gallons–U.S. (Dry)

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Universal Conversion Factors

271,325.745265 1,303,401.12 1,120,370.370 1,233,487.66 1,233,487.660 2,606,802.24 10,427,208.96 12,334,876.6 75,271,680 123,348,766 1,233,487,660 1,233,487,660 1,233,487,660,000

gallons–Imperial quarts (liquid) quarts (dry) liters cubic decimeters pints gills deciliters cubic inches centiliters milliliters cubic centimeters cubic millimeters

ACRE FOOT PER DAY: = 7,758.34 323.264167 5.387736 0.0897956 325,850.28 13,577.09400 226.284900 3.771415 271,325.745265 11,305.238400 188.42066 3.140344 1,233.48766 51.395319 0.856589 0.0142765 1,633.33333 68.0555552 1.134259 0.0189043 43,560 1,815.0

barrels per day barrels per hour barrels per minute barrels per second gallons (U.S.) per day gallons (U.S) per hour gallons (U.S.) per minute gallons (U.S.) per second gallons (Imperial) per day gallons (Imperial) per hour gallons (Imperial) per minute gallons (Imperial) per second cubic meters per day cubic meters per hour cubic meters per minute cubic meters per second cubic yards per day cubic yards per hour cubic yards per minute cubic yards per second cubic feet per day cubic feet per hour

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR 30.25000 0.504167 75,271,680.00 3,136,320.00 52,272.00 871.200

cubic feet per minute cubic feet per second cubic inches per day cubic inches per hour cubic inches per minute cubic inches per second

ATMOSPHERE: = 0.103327 1.03327 10.3327 33.9007 406.8084 103.327 1,033.27 10,332.7 0.00760 0.0760 0.760 2.49343 29.9212 7.6 76 760 113,893.88 1,138.9388 11.389388 1.0581 0.00734792 0.11389388 0.0011389388 0.000011389388 103,327,000 1,033,270 10,332.7 959.931252 6.666189

hektometers of water @ 60° F. dekameters of water @ 60° F. meters of water @ 60° F. feet of water @ 60° F. inches of water @ 60° F. decimeters of water @ 60° F. centimeters of water @ 60° F. millimeters of water @ 60° F. hektometers of mercury @ 32° F. dekameters of mercury @ 32° F. meters of mercury @ 32° F. feet of mercury @ 32° F. inches of mercury @ 32° F. decimeters of mercury @ 32° F. centimeters of mercury @ 32° F. millimeters of mercury @ 32° F. tons per square hektometer tons per square dekameter tons per square meter tons per square foot tons per square inch tons per square decimeter tons per square centimeter tons per square millimeter kilograms per square hektometer kilograms per square dekameter kilograms per square meter kilograms per square foot kilograms per square inch

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Universal Conversion Factors

103.327 1.03327 0.0103327 227,774,851.2 2,277,748.512 22,777.48512 2,116.080 14.696 227.7748512 2.277748512 0.02277748512 1,033,270,000 10,332,700 103,327 9,599,31252 66.66189 1,033.27 10.3327 0.103327 10,332,700,000 103,327,000 1,033,270 95,993.1252 666.6189 10,332.7 103.327 1.03327 3,644,397,619.2 36,443,976.192 364,439.76192 33,857.28 235.136 3,644.39762 36.44398 0.36444 103,327,000,000 1,033,270,000 10,332,700 959,931.252

kilograms per square decimeter kilograms per square centimeter kilograms per square millimeter pounds per square hektometer pounds per square dekameter pounds per square meter pounds per square foot pounds per square inch pounds per square decimeter pounds per square centimeter pounds per square millimeter hektograms per square hektometer hektograms per square dekameter hektograms per square meter hektograms per square foot hektograms per square inch hektograms per square decimeter hektograms per square centimeter hektograms per square millimeter dekagrams per square hektometer dekagrams per square dekameter dekagrams per square meter dekagrams per square foot dekagrams per square inch dekagrams per square decimeter dekagrams per square centimeter dekagrams per square millimeter ounces per square hektometer ounces per square dekameter ounces per square meter ounces per square foot ounces per square inch ounces per square decimeter ounces per square centimeter ounces per square millimeter grams per square hektometer grams per square dekameter grams per square meter grams per square foot

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR 6,666,189 grams per square inch 103,327 grams per square decimeter 1,033.27 grams per square centimeter 10.3327 grams per square millimeter 1,033,270,000,000 decigrams per square hektometer 10,332,700,000 decigrams per square dekameter 103,327,000 decigrams per square meter 9,599,312.52 decigrams per square foot 66,661.89 decigrams per square inch 1,033,270 decigrams per square decimeter 10,332.7 decigrams per square centimeter 103.327 decigrams per square millimeter 10,332,700,000,000 centigrams per square hektometer 103,327,000,000 centigrams per square dekameter 1,033,270,000 centigrams per square meter 95,933,125.2 centigrams per square foot 666,618.9 centigrams per square inch 10,332,700 centigrams per square decimeter 103,327 centigrams per square centimeter 1,033.270 centigrams per square millimeter 103,327,000,000,000 milligrams per square hektometer 1,033,270,000,000 milligrams per square dekameter 10,332,700,000 milligrams per square meter 959,931,252 milligrams per square foot 6,666,189 milligrams per square inch 103,327,000 milligrams per square decimeter 1,033,270 milligrams per square centimeter 10,332.7 milligrams per square millimeter 101,325,000,000,000 dynes per square hektometer 1,013,250,000,000 dynes per square dekameter 10,132,500,000 dynes per square meter 941,343,587 dynes per square foot 6,537,096 dynes per square inch 101,325,000 dynes per square decimeter 1,013,250 dynes per square centimeter 10,132.5 dynes per square millimeter 1.01325 bars

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Universal Conversion Factors

BARREL: = 0.158987 0.158987 0.20794 1.58987 4.511274 4.373766 5.6146 15.89871 18.045097 42 36.09798 34.99089 168 144.408516 158.987146 158.987146 336 1,344 1,589.87146 9,702.0288 15,898.71459456 158,987.1459456 158,987.1459456 158,987,145.9456 0.174993 0.1562438 0.1587512 158.7512 349.986 15.87512 1.587512 5,599.776 0.1587512 0.01587512 0.001587512 0.0001587512 5.1042

kiloliters cubic meters cubic yards hectoliters bushels–U.S. (dry) Bushels–Imperial (dry) cubic feet dekaliters pecks gallons–U.S. (liquid) gallons–U.S. (dry) gallons–Imperial quarts (liquid) quarts (dry) liters cubic decimeters pints gills deciliters cubic inches centiliters milliliters cubic centimeters cubic millimeters tons (short) of water @ 62° F. tons (long) of water @ 62° F. tons (metric) of water @ 62° F. kilograms of water @ 62° F. pounds of water @ 62° F. hektograms of water @ 62° F dekagrams of water @ 62° F. ounces of water @ 62° F. grams of water @ 62° F. decigrams of water @ 62° F. centigrams of water @ 62° F. milligrams of water @ 62° F. sacks of cement

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR 2,449,902 grains 404.25 pounds of salt water @ 60° F. of 1.115 specific gravity

BARREL OF CEMENT: = 0.158987 0.158987 0.20794 1.58987 4.511274 4.373766 5.6146 15.89871 18.045097 42 36.10213 34.99089 168 144.408516 158.987146 158.987146 336 1,344 1,589.87146 9,702.0288 15,898.71459456 158,987.1459456 158,987.1459456 158,987,145.9456 0.188 0.16796 0.170551 170.55097 376 1705.5097 17,055.097 6,016 170,550.97

kiloliters cubic meters cubic yards hectoliters bushels–U.S. (dry) bushels–Imperial (dry) cubic feet dekaliters pecks gallons–U.S. (liquid) gallons–U.S. (dry) gallons–Imperial quarts (liquid) quarts (dry) liters cubic decimeters pints gills deciliters cubic inches centiliters milliliters cubic centimeters cubic millimeters tons (short) tons (long) tons (metric) kilograms pounds hektograms dekagrams ounces grams

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Universal Conversion Factors

1,705,509.7 17,055,097 170,550,970

decigrams centigrams milligrams

BARREL PER DAY: = 0.041667 0.00069444 0.000011574 0.1589871 0.0066245 0.00011041 0.000001840 0.1589871 0.0066245 0.00011041 0.000001840 0.20794 0.0086642 0.0001444 0.0000024067 1.589871 0.066245 0.0011041 0.00001840 5.6146 0.233942 0.00389903 0.0000649838 15.89871 0.66245 0.011041 0.0001840 42 1.71875 0.029167 0.0004861 34.99089

barrels per hour barrels per minute barrels per second kiloliters per day kiloliters per hour kiloliters per minute kiloliter per second cubic meters per day cubic meters per hour cubic meters per minute cubic meters per second cubic yards per day cubic yards per hour cubic yards per minute cubic yards per second hektoliters per day hektoliters per hour hektoliters per minute hektoliters per second cubic feet per day cubic feet per hour cubic feet per minute cubic feet per second dekaliters per day dekaliters per hour dekaliters per minute dekaliters per second gallons (U.S.) per day gallons (U.S.) per hour gallons (U.S.) per minute gallons (U.S.) per second gallons (Imperial) per day

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR 1.45795 0.024299 0.00040499 168 6.875 0.11668 0.0019444 158.98714 6.6245 0.11041 0.001840 158.98714 6.6245 0.11041 0.001840 336 13.75 0.23336 0.0038888 1,344 55 0.933344 0.0155552 1,589.87146 66.245 1.1041 0.01840 9,702.0288 404.2 6.7375 0.112292 15,898.7146 662.45 11.041 0.1840 158,987.145946 6,624.5 110.41 1.84

gallons (Imperial) per hour gallons (Imperial) per minute gallons (Imperial) per second quarts (U.S.) per day quarts (U.S.) per hour quarts (U.S.) per minute quarts (U.S.) per second liters per day liters per hour liters per minute liters per second cubic decimeters per day cubic decimeters per hour cubic decimeters per minute cubic decimeters per second pints per day pints per hour pints per minute pints per second gills per day gills per hour gills per minute gills per second deciliters per day deciliters per hour deciliters per minute deciliters per second cubic inches per day cubic inches per hour cubic inches per minute cubic inches per second centiliters per day centiliters per hour centiliters per minute centiliters per second milliliters per day milliliters per hour milliliters per minute milliliters per second

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Universal Conversion Factors

158,987.145946 6,624.5 110.41 1.840 158,987,145.946 6,624,500 110,410 1,840

cubic centimeters per day cubic centimeters per hour cubic centimeters per minute cubic centimeters per second cubic millimeters per day cubic millimeters per hour cubic millimeters per minute cubic millimeters per second

BARREL PER HOUR: = 24 0.016667 0.000277778 3.81567 0.1589871 0.0026498 0.000044163 3.81567 0.1589871 0.0026498 0.000044163 4.99056 0.20794 0.0034657 0.000057761 38.1567 1.589871 0.026498 0.00044163 134.7504 5.6146 0.093577 0.15596 381.567 15.89871 0.26498 0.0044163

barrels per day barrels per minute barrels per second kiloliters per day kiloliters per hour kiloliters per minute kiloliters per second cubic meters per day cubic meters per hour cubic meters per minute cubic meters per second cubic yards per day cubic yards per hour cubic yards per minute cubic yards per second hektoliters per day hektoliters per hour hektoliters per minute hektoliters per second cubic feet per day cubic feet per hour cubic feet pr minute cubic feet per second dekaliters per day dekaliters per hour dekaliters per minute dekaliters per second

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR 1,008 42 0.7 0.11667 839.78136 34.99089 0.58318 0.0097197 4,032 168 2.80 0.046667 3,815.6904 158.98714 2.64979 0.044163 3,815.6904 158.98714 2.64979 0.044163 8,064 336 5.60 0.93333 32,256 1,344 22.40 0.37333 38,156.904 1,589.87146 26.49786 0.44163 232,848 9,702.0288 161.7014 2.695 381,569.04 15,898.7146 264.97858

gallons (U.S.) per day gallons (U.S.) per hour gallons (U.S.) per minute gallons (U.S.) per second gallons (Imperial) per day gallons (Imperial) per hour gallons (Imperial) per minute gallons (Imperial) per second quarts (U.S.) per day quarts (U.S.) per hour quarts (U.S.) per minute quarts (U.S.) per second liters per day liters per hour liters per minute liters per second cubic decimeters per day cubic decimeters per hour cubic decimeters per minute cubic decimeters per second pints per day pints per hour pints per minute pints per second gills per day gills per hour gills per minute gills per second deciliters per day deciliters per hour deciliters per minute deciliters per second cubic inches per day cubic inches per hour cubic inches per minute cubic inches per second centiliters per day centiliters per hour centiliters per minute

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Universal Conversion Factors

4.4163 3,815,690.4 158,987.145946 2,649.78576 44.163 3,815,690.4 158,987.145946 2,649.78576 44.163 3,815,690,400.0 158,987,145,946 2,649,785.76 44,163.096

centiliters per second milliliters per day milliliters per hour milliliters per minute milliliters per second cubic centimeters per day cubic centimeters per hour cubic centimeters per minute cubic centimeters per second cubic millimeters per day cubic millimeters per hour cubic millimeters per minute cubic millimeters per second

BARREL PER MINUTE: = 1,440 60 0.016667 228.94272 9.53928 0.158987 0.0026498 228.94272 9.53928 0.158987 0.0026498 299.43648 12.47652 0.20794 0.0034657 2,289.4272 95.3928 1.58987 0.026498 8,085.05280 336.8772 5.6146

barrels per day barrels per hour barrels per second kiloliters per day kiloliters per hour kiloliters per minute kiloliters per second cubic meters per day cubic meters per hour cubic meters per minute cubic meters per second cubic yards per day cubic yards per hour cubic yards per minute cubic yards per second hektoliters per day hektoliters per hour hektoliters per minute hektoliters per second cubic feet per day cubic feet per hour cubic feet per minute

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR 0.093577 22,894.272 953.928 15.8987 0.26498 60,480 2,520 42 0.7 50,386.7520 2,099.4480 34.99089 0.58318 241,920 10,080 168 2.80 228,941.48966 9,539.22874 158.987146 2.64979 228,941.48966 9,539.22874 158.987146 2.64979 483,840 20,160 336 5.60 1,935,360 80,640 1,344 22.40 2,289,414.89664 95,392.28736 1,589.87146 26.49786 13,970,921.472 582,121.7280

cubic feet per second dekaliters per day dekaliters per hour dekaliters per minute dekaliters per second gallons (U.S.) per day gallons (U.S.) per hour gallons (U.S.) per minute gallons (U.S.) per second gallons (Imperial) per day gallons (Imperial) per hour gallons (Imperial) per minute gallons (Imperial) per second quarts per day (U.S.) quarts per hour (U.S.) quarts per minute (U.S.) quarts per second (U.S.) liters per day liters per hour liters per minute liters per second cubic decimeters per day cubic decimeters per hour cubic decimeters per minute cubic decimeters per second pints per day pints per hour pints per minute pints per second gills per day gills per hour gills per minute gills per second deciliters per day deciliters per hour deciliters per minute deciliters per second cubic inches per day cubic inches per hour

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Universal Conversion Factors

9,702.0288 161.70048 22,894,148.9664 953,922.8736 15,898.71459 264.97858 228,941,489.664 9,539,228.736 158,987.14595 2,649.78576 228,941,489.664 9,539,228.736 158,987.14595 2,649.78576 228,941,489,664 9,539,228,736 158,987,145.946 2,649,785.76

cubic inches per minute cubic inches per second centiliters per day centiliters per hour centiliters per minute centiliters per second milliliters per day milliliters per hour milliliters per minute milliliters per second cubic centimeters per day cubic centimeters per hour cubic centimeters per minute cubic centimeters per second cubic millimeters per day cubic millimeters per hour cubic millimeters per minute cubic millimeters per second

BARREL PER SECOND: = 86,400 3,600 60 13,736.47680 572.35320 9.53922 0.158987 13,736.47680 572.35320 9.53922 0.158987 17,966.0160 748.5840 12.47640 0.20794 137,364.7680 5,723.5320

barrels per day barrels per hour barrels per minute kiloliters per day kiloliters per hour kiloliters per minute kiloliters per second cubic meters per day cubic meters per hour cubic meters per minute cubic meters per second cubic yards per day cubic yards per hour cubic yards per minute cubic yards per second hektoliters per day hektoliters per hour

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR 95.3922 1.58987 485,101.44 20,212.560 336.8760 5.6146 1,373,648.5440 57,235,356 953.92260 15.89871 3,628,800 151,200 2,520 42 3,023,212.8960 125,967.2040 2,099.45340 34.99089 14,515,200 604,800 10,080 168 13,736,489.4144 572,353.7256 9,539.22876 158.987146 13,736,489.4144 572,353.7256 9,539.22876 158.987146 29,030,400 1,209,600 20,160 336 116,121,600 4,838,400 80,640 1,344 137,364,894.144

hektoliters per minute hektoliters per second cubic feet per day cubic feet per hour cubic feet per minute cubic feet per second dekaliters per day dekaliters per hour dekaliters per minute dekaliters per second gallons (U.S.) per day gallons (U.S.) per hour gallons (U.S.) per minute gallons (U.S.) per second gallons (Imperial) per day gallons (Imperial) per hour gallons (Imperial) per minute gallons (Imperial) per second quarts (U.S.) per day quarts (U.S.) per hour quarts (U.S.) per minute quarts (U.S.) per second liters per day liters per hour liters per minute liters per second cubic decimeters per day cubic decimeters per hour cubic decimeters per minute cubic decimeters per second pints per day pints per hour pints per minute pints per second gills per day gills per hour gills per minute gills per second deciliters per day

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Universal Conversion Factors

5,723,537.256 95,392.28754 1,589.87146 838,255,288.320 34,927,303.6800 582,131.7280 9,702.0288 1,373,648,941.440 57,235,372.56 953,922.8754 15,898.71459 13,736,489,414.40 572,353,725.6 9,539,228.760 158,987.14595 13,736,489,414.4 572,353,725.6 9,539,228.760 158,987.14595 13,736,489,414,400 572,353,725,600 9,539,228,754 158,987,145.9456

deciliters per hour deciliters per minute deciliters per second cubic inches per day cubic inches per hour cubic inches per minute cubic inches per second centiliters per day centiliters per hour centiliters per minute centiliters per second milliliters per day milliliters per hour milliliters per minute milliliters per second cubic centimeters per day cubic centimeters per hour cubic centimeters per minute cubic centimeters per second cubic millimeters per day cubic millimeters per hour cubic millimeters per minute cubic millimeters per second

BTU (60° F.): = 25,030 300,360 777.97265 9,335.67120 0.00027776 0.25198 0.55552 2.5198 25.198 8.88832 251.98 2,519.8

foot poundals inch poundals foot pounds inch pounds ton (short) calories kilograms calories pound calories hektograms calories dekagram calories ounce calories gram calories decigrams calories

D&D univ conv factors 10/23/01 3:28 PM Page 26

D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR 25,198 251.980 0.000012201 0.00029283 0.01757 1.0546 0.012201 0.29283 17.57 1,054.6 0.11856 107.56 237.12678 1,075.6 10,756 3,794.02848 107,560 1,075,600 10,756,000 107,560,000 0.0011856 1.0756 2.37127 10.756 107.56 37.94028 1,075.6 10,756 107,560 1,075,600 0.011856 10.756 23.7127 107.56 1,075.6 379.40285 10,756 107,560 1,075,600

centigrams calories milligrams calories kilowatt days kilowatt hours kilowatt minutes kilowatt seconds watt days watt hours watt minutes watt seconds tons meters kilograms meters pound meters hektograms meters dekagrams meters ounce meters gram meters decigram meters centigram meters milligram meters ton hektometers kilogram hektometers pound hektometers hektogram hektometers dekagram hektometers ounce hektometers gram hektometers decigram hektometers centigram hektometers milligram hektometers ton dekameters kilogram dekameters pound dekameters hektogram dekameters dekagram dekameters ounce dekameters gram dekameters decigram dekameters centigram dekameters

D&D univ conv factors 10/23/01 3:28 PM Page 27

Universal Conversion Factors

10,756,000 0.388977 352.887473 777.97265 3,528.874731 35,288.747308 12,447.611780 352,887.473080 3,528.875 35,288,747 352,887,473 4.667724 4,234.649677 9,335.671800 42,346.496772 423,464.96772 149,371.34136 4,234,650 42,346,497 423,464,968 4,234,649,677 1.1856 1.0756 2,371.2678 10,756 107,560 37,940.2848 1,075,600 10,756,000 107,560,000 1,075,600,000 11.856 10,756 23,712.678 107,560 1,075,600 379,402.848 10,756,000 107,560,000

milligram dekameters ton feet kilogram feet pound feet hektogram feet dekagram feet ounce feet gram feet decigram feet centigram feet milligram feet ton inches kilogram inches pound inches hektogram inches dekagram inches ounce inches gram inches decigram inches centigram inches milligram inches ton decimeters kilogram decimeters pound decimeters hektogram decimeters dekagram decimeters ounce decimeters gram decimeters decigram decimeters centigram decimeters milligram decimeters ton centimeters kilogram centimeters pound centimeters hektogram centimeters dekagram centimeters ounce centimeters gram centimeters decigram centimeters

D&D univ conv factors 10/23/01 3:28 PM Page 28

D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR 1,075,600,000 centigram centimeters 10,756,000,000 milligram centimeters 118.56 ton millimeters 107,560 kilogram millimeters 237,126.780 pound millimeters 1,075,600 hektogram millimeters 10,756,000 dekagram millimeters 3,794,028.48 ounce millimeters 107,560,000 gram millimeters 1,075,600,000 decigram millimeters 10,756,000,000 centigram millimeters 107,560,000,000 milligram millimeters 0.0104028 kiloliter-atmosphere 0.104028 hektoliter-atmospheres 1.040277 dekaliter-atmospheres 10.40277 liter-atmospheres 104.0277 deciliter-atmospheres 1,040.277 centilinter-atmospheres 10,402.77 milliliter-atmospheres 0.0000000000104104 cubic kilometer-atmospheres 0.0000000104104 cubic hektometer-atmospheres 0.000000410 cubic dekameter-atmospheres 0.0104104 cubic meter-atmospheres 0.3676637 cubic feet-atmospheres 635.277597 cubic inch-atmospheres 10.410432 cubic decimeter-atmospheres 10,410.4320 cubic centimeter-atmospheres 10,410,432 cubic millimeter-atmospheres 1,054.198 joules 0.0003982 Cheval-vapeur hours 0.000016372 horsepower days 0.00039292 horsepower hours 0.0235757 horsepower minutes 1.41451 horsepower seconds 0.0000685 pounds of carbon oxidized with perfect efficiency 0.001030 pounds of water evaporated from and at 212º F

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Universal Conversion Factors

BTU (60° F.) PER DAY: = 25,030 1,042.92 17.3820 0.2897 777.97265 32.41553 0.54026 0.0090043 0.25198 0.010499 0.00017498 0.0000029164 8.88832 0.37035 0.0061724 0.00010287 107.56 4.48164 0.074694 0.0012449 10.40277 0.43344 0.007224 0.00012040 0.3676637 0.0153166 0.000255276 0.0000042546 0.000016148 0.000016372 0.000012201 0.012201 1,054.198 43.9236 0.73206 0.012201

foot poundals per day foot poundals per hour foot poundals per minute foot poundals per second foot pounds per day foot pounds per hour foot pounds per minute foot pounds per second kilogram calories per day kilogram calories per hour kilogram calories per minute kilogram calories per second ounce calories per day ounce calories per hour ounce calories per minute ounce calories per second kilogram meters per day kilogram meters per hour kilogram meters per minute kilogram meters per second liter-atmosphere per day liter-atmospheres per hour liter-atmospheres per minute liter-atmospheres per second cubic foot-atmospheres per day cubic foot-atmospheres per hour cubic foot-atmospheres per minute cubic foot-atmospheres per second Cheval-Vapeurs horsepower kilowatts watts joules per day joules per hour joules per minute joules per second

D&D univ conv factors 10/23/01 3:28 PM Page 30

D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR 0.0000685

pounds of carbon oxidized with perfect efficiency per day 0.00000285415 pounds of carbon oxidized with perfect efficiency per hour 0.000000047569 pounds of carbon oxidized with perfect efficiency per minute 0.00000000079282 pounds of carbon oxidized with perfect efficiency per second 0.001030 pounds of water evaporated from and at 212° F. per day 0.000042916 pounds of water evaporated from and at 212° F. per hour 0.00000071526 pounds of water evaporated from and at 212° F. per minute 0.000000011921 pounds of water evaporated from and at 212° F. per second 1.0 BTU per day 0.0416667 BTU per hour 0.00069444 BTU per minute 0.000011574 BTU per second

BTU PER HOUR: = 600,720.1920 25,030 417.16680 6.95278 18,671.34359 777.97265 12.96621 0.21610 6.04748 0.25198 0.0041996 0.000069994 213.31968 8.88832 0.14814

foot poundals per day foot poundals per hour foot poundals per minute foot poundals per second foot pounds per day foot pounds per hour foot pounds per minute foot pounds per second kilogram calories per day kilogram calories per hour kilogram calories per minute kilogram calories per second ounce calories per day ounce calories per hour ounce calories per minute

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Universal Conversion Factors

0.0024690 2,581.4592 107.56 1.79268 0.029878 249.67008 10.40277 0.173382 0.0028897 8.822304 0.3676637 0.00612660 0.00010211 0.00038754 0.00039292 0.00029283 0.29283 25,300.5120 1,054.198 17.5699667 0.292833 0.00164402

ounce calories per second kilogram meters per day kilogram meters per hour kilogram meters per minute kilogram meters per second liter-atmosphere per day liter-atmospheres per hour liter-atmospheres per minute liter-atmospheres per second cubic foot-atmospheres per day cubic foot-atmospheres per hour cubic foot-atmospheres per minute cubic foot-atmospheres per second Cheval-Vapeurs horsepower kilowatts watts joules per day joules per hour joules per minute joules per second pounds of carbon oxidized with perfect efficiency per day 0.0000685 pounds of carbon oxidized with perfect efficiency per hour 0.0000011417 pounds of carbon oxidized with perfect efficiency per minute 0.000000019028 pounds of carbon oxidized with perfect efficiency per second 0.2472 pounds of water evaporated from and at 212° F. per day 0.001030 pounds of water evaporated from and at 212° F. per hour 0.000017167 pounds of water evaporated from and at 212° F. per minute 0.00000028611 pounds of water evaporated from and at 212° F. per second 24 BTU per day 1.0 BTU per hour

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR 0.016667 0.00027778

BTU per minute BTU per second

BTU PER MINUTE: = 36,043,200 1,501,800 25,030 417.16667 1,120,281 46,678.35899 777.97265 12.96621 362.854 15.11892 0.25198 0.0041997 12,799.180803 533.299200 8.88832 0.148139 154,886.688000 6,453.6120 107.56 1.79267 14,980.0320 624.168 10.40277 0.17338 529.435728 22.059822 0.3676637 0.00612773 0.023252 0.023575 0.01757 17.57 1,518,048

foot poundals per day foot poundals per hour foot poundals per minute foot poundals per second foot pounds per day foot pounds per hour foot pounds per minute foot pounds per second kilogram calories per day kilogram calories per hour kilogram calories per minute kilogram calories per second ounce calories per day ounce calories per hour ounce calories per minute ounce calories per second kilogram meters per day kilogram meters per hour kilogram meters per minute kilogram meters per second liter-atmosphere per day liter-atmospheres per hour liter-atmospheres per minute liter-atmospheres per second cubic foot-atmospheres per day cubic foot-atmospheres per hour cubic foot-atmospheres per minute cubic foot-atmospheres per second Cheval-Vapeurs horsepower kilowatts watts joules per day

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Universal Conversion Factors

63,252 1,054.198 17.569967 0.098643 0.0041101 0.0000685 0.0000011417 1.48320 0.06180 0.001030 0.000017167 1,440 60 1.0 0.016667

joules per hour joules per minute joules per second pounds of carbon oxidized with perfect efficiency per day pounds of carbon oxidized with perfect efficiency per hour pounds of carbon oxidized with perfect efficiency per minute pounds of carbon oxidized with perfect efficiency per second pounds of water evaporated from and at 212° F. per day pounds of water evaporated from and at 212° F. per hour pounds of water evaporated from and at 212° F. per minute pounds of water evaporated from and at 212° F. per second BTU per day BTU per hour BTU per minute BTU per second

BTU PER SECOND: = 2,162,592,000 90,108,000 1,501,800 25,030 67,216,836.960 2,800,701.540 46,678.3590 777.97265 21,771.0720 907.1280 15.1188 0.25198

foot poundals per day foot poundals per hour foot poundals per minute foot poundals per second foot pounds per day foot pounds per hour foot pounds per minute foot pounds per second kilogram calories per day kilogram calories per hour kilogram calories per minute kilogram calories per second

D&D univ conv factors 10/23/01 3:28 PM Page 34

D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR 767,950.8480 31,997.9520 533.29920 8.88832 9,293,184.0 387,216.0 6,453.60 107.56 898,799.3280 37,449.9720 624.16620 10.40277 31,766.143680 1,323.589320 22.0598220 0.3676637 1.39519 1,41454 1.055 1,055 91,082,707.2 3,795,112.8 63,251.880 1,054.198 5.9184 0.2466 0.00411 0.0000685 88.992000 3.70800 0.061800

ounce calories per day ounce calories per hour ounce calories per minute ounce calories per second kilogram meters per day kilogram meters per hour kilogram meters per minute kilogram meters per second liter-atmosphere per day liter-atmospheres per hour liter-atmospheres per minute liter-atmospheres per second cubic foot-atmospheres per day cubic foot-atmospheres per hour cubic foot-atmospheres per minute cubic foot-atmospheres per second Cheval-Vapeurs horsepower kilowatts watts joules per day joules per hour joules per minute joules per second pounds of carbon oxidized with perfect efficiency per day pounds of carbon oxidized with perfect efficiency per hour pounds of carbon oxidized with perfect efficiency per minute pounds of carbon oxidized with perfect efficiency per second pounds of water evaporated from and at 212° F. per day pounds of water evaporated from and at 212° F. per hour pounds of water evaporated from and at 212° F. per minute

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Universal Conversion Factors

0.001030 86,400 3,600 60 1

pounds of water evaporated from and at 212° F. per second BTU per day BTU per hour BTU per minute BTU per second

BTU PER SQUARE FOOT PER DAY: = 23,505.12 235.0512 2,350512 25.30051 0.17569 0.023505 0.00023505 0.0000023505 23,505,120 235,051.2 2,350.512 25,300.512 175.6944 23.50512 0.23505 0.0023502 31,537.728 315.37728 3.15377 33.94829 0.23576 0.031538 0.00031538 0.0000031538

kilowatts per square hektometer kilowatts per square dekameter kilowatts per square meter kilowatts per square foot kilowatts per square inch kilowatts per square decimeter kilowatts per square centimeter kilowatts per square millimeter watts per square hektometer watts per square dekameter watts per square meter watts per square foot watts per square inch watts per square decimeter watts per square centimeter watts per square millimeter horsepower per square hektometer horsepower per square dekameter horsepower per square meter horsepower per square foot horsepower per square inch horsepower per square decimeter horsepower per square centimeter horsepower per square millimeter

D&D univ conv factors 10/23/01 3:28 PM Page 36

D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR BTU PER SQUARE FOOT PER HOUR: = 979.380 9.7938 0.097938 1.05419 0.0073206 0.000979380 0.00000979380 0.0000000979380 97,938 9,793.800 97.93800 1,054.188 7.3206 0.979380 0.0097938 0.000097938 1,314.0720 13.14072 0.13141 1.41451 0.00982332 0.00131407 0.000013141 0.00000013141

kilowatts per square hektometer kilowatts per square dekameter kilowatts per square meter kilowatts per square foot kilowatts per square inch kilowatts per square decimeter kilowatts per square centimeter kilowatts per square millimeter watts per square hektometer watts per square dekameter watts per square meter watts per square foot watts per square inch watts per square decimeter watts per square centimeter watts per square millimeter horsepower per square hektometer horsepower per square dekameter horsepower per square meter horsepower per square foot horsepower per square inch horsepower per square decimeter horsepower per square centimeter horsepower per square millimeter

BTU PER SQUARE FOOT PER MINUTE: = 16.323 0.16323 0.0016323 0.01757 0.00012201 0.000016323 0.00000016323 0.0000000016323 16,323

kilowatts per square hektometer kilowatts per square dekameter kilowatts per square meter kilowatts per square foot kilowatts per square inch kilowatts per square decimeter kilowatts per square centimeter kilowatts per square millimeter watts per square hektometer

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Universal Conversion Factors

163.23 1.6323 17.57 0.12201 0.016323 0.00016323 0.0000016323 21.90118 0.21901 0.0021901 0.023575 0.00016372 0.000021901 0.00000021901 0.0000000021901

watts per square dekameter watts per square meter watts per square foot watts per square inch watts per square decimeter watts per square centimeter watts per square millimeter horsepower per square hektometer horsepower per square dekameter horsepower per square meter horsepower per square foot horsepower per square inch horsepower per square decimeter horsepower per square centimeter horsepower per square millimeter

BTU PER SQUARE FOOT PER SECOND: = 0.27205 0.0027205 0.000027205 0.00029283 0.0000020335 0.00000027205 0.0000000027205 0.000000000027205 272.05 2.7205 0.027205 0.29283 0.0020335 0.00027205 0.0000027205 0.000000027205 0.36502 0.0036502 0.000036502 0.00039292

kilowatts per square hektometer kilowatts per square dekameter kilowatts per square meter kilowatts per square foot kilowatts per square inch kilowatts per square decimeter kilowatts per square centimeter kilowatts per square millimeter watts per square hektometer watts per square dekameter watts per square meter watts per square foot watts per square inch watts per square decimeter watts per square centimeter watts per square millimeter horsepower per square hektometer horsepower per square dekameter horsepower per square meter horsepower per square foot

D&D univ conv factors 10/23/01 3:28 PM Page 38

D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR 0.0000027287 0.00000036502 0.0000000036502 0.000000000036502

horsepower per square inch horsepower per square decimeter horsepower per square centimeter horsepower per square millimeter

BUSHELS – U.S. (DRY): = 0.035238 0.035238 0.04609 0.304785 0.35238 0.96945 1.24446 3.5238 4 9.3088 8 7.81457 37.2353 32 35.238 35.238 64 74.8706 299.4824 352.38 2,150.42 3,523.8 35,238 35,238 35,238,000 0.053335 0.047621 0.048385 48.38492 106.67048 483.84924

kiloliters cubic meters cubic yards barrels–U.S. hektoliters bushels–Imp. (dry) cubic feet dekaliters pecks gallons–U.S. (liquid) gallons–U.S. (dry) gallons–Imp. quarts (liquid) quarts (dry) liters cubic decimeters pints (dry) pints (liquid) gills (liquid) deciliters cubic inches centiliters millimeters cubic centimeters cubic millimeters tons (short) tons (long) tons (metric) kilograms pounds hektograms

D&D univ conv factors 10/23/01 3:28 PM Page 39

Universal Conversion Factors

4,838.4924 7,741.58787 48,384.924 483,849.24 4,838,492.4 48,384,924

dekagrams ounces grams decigrams centigrams milligrams

BUSHEL–IMPERIAL: = 0.036348 0.036348 0.047542 0.31439 0.36348 1.03151 1.2843 3.63484 4.12604 9.60212 8.25208 8 38.40858 33.00832 36.34835 36.34835 66.01664 76.81716 307.26856 363.4835 2,219.3 3,634.835 36,348.35 36,348.35 36,348,350 0.055016 0.049122 0.049910 49.90953

kiloliters cubic meters cubic yards barrels–U.S. hektoliters bushels–U.S. (dry) cubic feet dekaliters pecks gallons-U.S. (liquid) gallons-U.S. (dry) gallons-Imp. quarts (liquid) quarts (dry) liters cubic decimeters pints (dry) pints (liquid) gills (liquid) deciliters cubic inches centiliters milliliters cubic centimeters cubic millimeters tons (short) tons (long) tons (metric) kilograms

D&D univ conv factors 10/23/01 3:28 PM Page 40

D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR 110.031667 499.095330 4,990.95330 7,985.52530 49,909.53296 499,095.32955 4,990,953.29552 49,909,532.95524

pounds hektograms dekagrams ounces grams decigrams centigrams milligrams

CENTARE (CENTIARE): = 0.0000003831 0.0000001111 0.000024710 0.00024710 0.0001111 0.00247104 0.01111 0.039537 1 1.19598 1.39498 10.7639 19.13580 27.7104 96.8750 100 10,000 1,550 1,000,000 0.0001 0.01

square miles or sections square kilometers square furlongs acres square hektometers square chains square dekameters square rods square meters square yards square varas (Texas) square feet square spans square links square hands square decimeters square centimeters square inches square millimeters hectares ares

CENTIGRAM: = 0.0000000110231 0.00000000984206

tons (short) tons (long)

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Universal Conversion Factors

0.00000001 0.00001 0.0000267923 0.000022406 0.0001 0.001 0.000321507 0.000352739 0.01 0.1 10 0.1543236 0.00257206 0.00257206 0.0056438 0.006430149 0.00771618 0.05

tons (metric) kilograms pounds (Troy) pounds (Avoir) hektograms dekagrams ounces (Troy) ounces (Avoir) grams decigrams milligrams grains drachmas (fluid) drams (Troy) drams (Avoir) pennyweight scruples carats (metric)

CENTILITERS: = 0.000001 0.00001 0.00001308 0.000062897 0.0001 0.00028377 0.00027510 0.00035314 0.001 0.0026417 0.0022707 0.0021997 0.010567 0.0090828 0.01 0.01 0.018161

kiloliters cubic meters cubic yards barrels hektoliters bushels–U.S. (dry) bushels–Imp. (dry) cubic feet dekaliters gallons–U.S. (liquid) gallons–U.S. (dry) gallons–Imp. quarts (liquid) quarts (dry) liters cubic decimeters pints

D&D univ conv factors 10/23/01 3:28 PM Page 42

D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR 0.072663 0.1 0.61025 10 10 10,000 0.33815 2.70518

gills deciliters cubic inches milliliters cubic centimeters cubic millimeters ounces (fluid) drams (fluid)

CENTIMETER: = 0.0000062137 0.00001 0.000049709 0.0001 0.00049709 0.001 0.0019884 0.01 0.010936 0.011811 0.032808 0.043744 0.049709 0.098424 0.1 0.3937 1.00 10 393.70 10,000 10,000,000 10,000,000 100,000,000 15,531.6

miles kilometers furlongs hektometers chains dekameters rods meters yards varas (Texas) feet spans links hands decimeters inches centimeters millimeters mils microns milli-microns micro-millimeters Angstrom units wave lengths of red line cium

D&D univ conv factors 10/23/01 3:28 PM Page 43

Universal Conversion Factors

CENTIMETERS PER DAY: = 0.000006214 0.00000025892 0.0000000043153 0.000000000071921 0.00001 0.00000041667 0.0000000069444 0.00000000011574 0.000049709 0.0000020712 0.000000034520 0.00000000057534 0.0001 0.0000041667 0.000000069444 0.0000000011574 0.00049709 0.000020712 0.00000034520 0.0000000057534 0.001 0.000041667 0.00000069444 0.000000011574 0.0019884 0.000082850 0.0000013808 0.000000023014 0.01 0.00041667 0.0000069444 0.00000011574 0.010936 0.00045667 0.0000075944 0.00000012657 0.011811

miles per day miles per hour miles per minute miles per second kilometers per day kilometers per hour kilometers per minute kilometers per second furlongs per day furlongs per hour furlongs per minute furlongs per second hektometers per day hektometers per hour hektometers per minute hektometers per second chains per day chains per hour chains per minute chains per second dekameters per day dekameters per hour dekameters per minute dekameters per second rods per day rods per hour rods per minute rods per second meters per day meters per hour meters per minute meters per second yards per day yards per hour yards per minute yards per second varas (Texas) per day

D&D univ conv factors 10/23/01 3:28 PM Page 44

D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR 0.00049212 0.000008202 0.00000013670 0.032808 0.0013670 0.000022783 0.00000037972 0.043744 0.0018227 0.000030378 0.00000050630 0.049709 0.0020712 0.000034520 0.00000057534 0.098424 0.0041010 0.000068350 0.0000011392 0.1 0.0041667 0.000069444 0.0000011574 1 0.041667 0.00069444 0.000011574 0.3937 0.016404 0.00027340 0.0000045567 10 0.41667 0.0069444 0.00011574 393.70 16.40417 0.27340 0.0045567

varas (Texas) per hour varas (Texas) per minute varas (Texas) per second feet per day feet per hour feet per minute feet per second spans per day spans per hour spans per minute spans per second links per day links per hour links per minute links per second hands per day hands per hour hands per minute hands per second decimeters per day decimeters per hour decimeters per minute decimeters per second centimeters per day centimeters per hour centimeters per minute centimeters per second inches per day inches per hour inches per minute inches per second millimeters per day millimeters per hour millimeters per minute millimeters per second mils per day mils per hour mils per minute mils per second

D&D univ conv factors 10/23/01 3:28 PM Page 45

Universal Conversion Factors

10,000 416.66667 6.9444 0.11574

microns per day microns per hour microns per minute microns per second

CENTIMETERS PER HOUR: = 0.00014914 0.000006214 0.00000010357 0.0000000017261 0.00024000 0.00001 0.00000016667 0.0000000027778 0.0011930 0.000049709 0.00000082848 0.000000013808 0.0024000 0.0001 0.0000016667 0.000000027778 0.011930 0.00049709 0.0000082848 0.00000013808 0.024000 0.001 0.000016667 0.00000027778 0.047722 0.0019884 0.000033140 0.00000055233 0.24000 0.01 0.00016667

miles per day miles per hour miles per minute miles per second kilometers per day kilometers per hour kilometers per minute kilometers per second furlongs per day furlongs per hour furlongs per minute furlongs per second hektometers per day hektometers per hour hektometers per minute hektometers per second chains per day chains per hour chains per minute chains per second dekameters per day dekameters per hour dekameters per minute dekameters per second hour rods per day rods per hour rods per minute rods per second meters per day meters per hour meters per minute

D&D univ conv factors 10/23/01 3:28 PM Page 46

D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR 0.0000027778 0.262464 0.010936 0.00018227 0.0000030378 0.28346 0.011811 0.00019685 0.0000032808 0.78739 0.032808 0.00054680 0.0000091133 1.049856 0.043744 0.00072907 0.000012151 1.19302 0.049709 0.00082848 0.000013808 2.36218 0.098424 0.0016404 0.000027340 2.40000 0.1 0.0016667 0.000027778 24.00000 1 0.016667 0.00027778 9.44880 0.3937 0.0065617 0.00010936 240.00000 10

meters per second yards per day yards per hour yards per minute yards per second varas (Texas) per day varas (Texas) per hour varas (Texas) per minute varas (Texas) per second feet per day feet per hour feet per minute feet per second spans per day spans per hour spans per minute spans per second links per day links per hour links per minute links per second hands per day hands per hour hands per minute hands per second decimeters per day decimeters per hour decimeters per minute decimeters per second centimeters per day centimeters per hour centimeters per minute centimeters per second inches per day inches per hour inches per minute inches per second millimeters per day millimeters per hour

D&D univ conv factors 10/23/01 3:28 PM Page 47

Universal Conversion Factors

0.16667 0.0027778 9,448.8 393.70 6.56167 0.109361 240,000 10,000 166.66667 2.77778

millimeters per minute millimeters per second mils per day mils per hour mils per minute mils per second microns per day microns per hour microns per minute microns per second

CENTIMETER PER MINUTE: = 0.0089482 0.00037284 0.000006214 0.00000010357 0.014400 0.00060000 0.00001 0.00000016667 0.071581 0.0029825 0.000049707 0.00000082848 0.14400 0.0060000 0.0001 0.0000016667 0.71581 0.029825 0.00049709 0.0000082848 1.44000 0.060000 0.001 0.000016667 2.86330

miles per day miles per hour miles per minute miles per second kilometers per day kilometers per hour kilometers per minute kilometers per second furlongs per day furlongs per hour furlongs per minute furlongs per second hektometers per day hektometers per hour hektometers per minute hektometers per second chains per day chains per hour chains per minute chains per second dekameters per day dekameters per hour dekameters per minute dekameters per second rods per day

D&D univ conv factors 10/23/01 3:28 PM Page 48

D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR 0.11930 0.0019884 0.000033140 14.40000 0.60000 0.01 0.00016667 15.74784 0.656160 0.010936 0.00018227 17.00784 0.70866 0.011811 0.00019685 47.24352 1.96848 0.032808 0.00054680 62.99136 2.62464 0.043744 0.00072907 71.58096 2.98254 0.049709 0.00082848 141.73056 5.90544 0.098424 0.0016404 144.00 6.00 0.1 0.0016667 1,440.00 60.00 1.0 0.016667

rods per hour rods per minute rods per second meters per day meters per hour meters per minute meters per second yards per day yards per hour yards per minute yards per second varas (Texas) per day varas (Texas) per hour varas (Texas) per minute varas (Texas) per second feet per day feet per hour feet per minute feet per second spans per day spans per hour spans per minute spans per second links per day links per hour links per minute links per second hands per day hands per hour hands per minute hands per second decimeters per day decimeters per hour decimeters per minute decimeters per second centimeters per day centimeters per hour centimeters per minute centimeters per second

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Universal Conversion Factors

566.92800 23.62200 0.3937 0.0065617 14,440.00 600.00 10 0.16667 566,928 23,622 393.70 6.56167 14,440,000 600,000 10,000 166.66667

inches per day inches per hour inches per minute inches per second millimeters per day millimeters per hour millimeters per minute millimeters per second mils per day mils per hour mils per minute mils per second microns per day microns per hour microns per minute microns per second

CENTIMETER PER SECOND: = 0.53689 0.022370 0.00037284 0.000006214 0.8640 0.0360 0.0006 0.00001 4.29486 0.17895 0.0029825 0.000049709 8.640 0.360 0.006 0.0001 42.94858 1.78952 0.029825

miles per day miles per hour miles per minute miles per second kilometers per day kilometers per hour kilometers per minute kilometers per second furlongs per day furlongs per hour furlongs per minute furlongs per second hektometers per day hektometers per hour hektometers per minute hektometers per second chains per day chains per hour chains per minute

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR 0.00049709 86.400 3.600 0.060 0.001 171.79776 7.15824 0.11930 0.0019884 864.0 36.0 0.60 0.01 944.8704 39.36960 0.656160 0.010936 1,020.4704 42.51960 0.70866 0.011811 2,834.6112 118.1088 1.96848 0.032808 3,779.4816 157.4784 2.62464 0.043744 4,294.8576 178.9524 2.98254 0.049709 8,503.8336 354.3264 5.90544 0.098424 8,640.0 360.0

chains per second dekameters per day dekameters per hour dekameters per minute dekameters per second rods per day rods per hour rods per minute rods per second meters per day meters per hour meters per minute meters per second yards per day yards per hour yards per minute yards per second varas (Texas) per day varas (Texas) per hour varas (Texas) per minute varas (Texas) per second feet per day feet per hour feet per minute feet per second spans per day spans per hour spans per minute spans per second links per day links per hour links per minute links per second hands per day hands per hour hands per minute hands per second decimeters per day decimeters per hour

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Universal Conversion Factors

6.0 0.1 86,400 3,600.0 60.0 1. 34,015.68 1,417.32 23.6220 0.3937 864,000 36,000 600 10 34,015,680 1,417,320 23,622 393.70 864,000,000 36,000,000 600,000 10,000

decimeters per minute decimeters per second centimeters per day centimeters per hour centimeters per minute centimeters per second inches per day inches per hour inches per minute inches per second millimeters per day millimeters per hour millimeters per minute millimeters per second mils per day mils per hour mils per minute mils per second microns per day microns per hour microns per minute microns per second

CENTIMETER OF MERCURY (O°C): = 0.0013595 0.013595 0.13595 0.44604 0.44604 5.35248 1.35952 13.595299 135.95299 0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.032808

hektometers of water @ 60° F. dekameters of water @ 60° F. meters of water @ 60° F. feet of water @ 60° F. ounces of water @ 60° F. inches of water @ 60° F. decimeters of water @ 60° F. centimeters of water @ 60°F. millimeters of water @ 60°F. hektometers of mercury @ 32° F. dekameters of mercury @ 32° F. meters of mercury @ 32° F. feet of mercury @ 32° F.

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR 0.032808 0.3937 0.1 1.0 10.0 1,498.62505 14.98625 0.14986 0.013923 0.000096685 0.0014986 0.000014986 0.00000014986 1,359,529.9 13,595.299 135.95299 12.63034 0.087711 1.35953 0.013595 0.00013595 2,997,249.93506 29,972.49935 299.7250 27.845 0.19337 2.99725 0.029973 0.00029973 13,595,299 135,952.99 1,359.5299 126.3034 0.87711 13.5953 0.13595 0.0013595 135,952,990 1,359,529.9

ounces of mercury @ 32° F. inches of mercury @ 32° F. decimeters of mercury @ 32° F. centimeters of mercury @ 32° F. millimeters of mercury @ 32° F. tons per square hektometer tons per square dekameter tons per square meter tons per square foot tons per square inch tons per square decimeter tons per square centimeter tons per square millimeter kilograms per square hektometer kilograms per square dekameter kilograms per square meter kilograms per square foot kilograms per square inch kilograms per square decimeter kilograms per square centimeter kilograms per square millimeter pounds per square hektometer pounds per square dekameter pounds per square meter pounds per square foot pounds per square inch pounds per square decimeter pounds per square centimeter pounds per square millimeter hektograms per square hektometer hektograms per square dekameter hektograms per square meter hektograms per square foot hektograms per square inch hektograms per square decimeter hektograms per square centimeter hektograms per square millimeter dekagrams per square hektometer dekagrams per square dekameter

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Universal Conversion Factors

13,595.299 1,263.034 8.7711 135.95299 1.35953 0.013595 47,955,999 479,560 4,795.6 445.520 3.09392 47.9560 0.479560 0.00479560 1,359,529,900 13,595,299 135,952.99 12,630.34 87.71111 1,359.5299 13.595299 0.13595 13,595,299,000 135,952,990 1,359,529.9 126,303.4 877.11111 13,595.299 135.95299 1.35953 135,952,990,000 1,359,529,900 13,595,299 1,263,034 8,771.1111 135,952.99 1,359.5299 13.595299 1,359,529,900,000

dekagrams per square meter dekagrams per square foot dekagrams per square inch dekagrams per square decimeter dekagrams per square centimeter dekagrams per square millimeter ounces per square hektometer ounces per square dekameter ounces per square meter ounces per square foot ounces per square inch ounces per square decimeter ounces per square centimeter ounces per square millimeter grams per square hektometer grams per square dekameter grams per square meter grams per square foot grams per square inch grams per square decimeter grams per square centimeter grams per square millimeter decigrams per square hektometer decigrams per square dekameter decigrams per square meter decigrams per square foot decigrams per square inch decigrams per square decimeter decigrams per square centimeter decigrams per square millimeter centigrams per square hektometer centigrams per square dekameter centigrams per square meter centigrams per square foot centigrams per square inch centigrams per square decimeter centigrams per square centimeter centigrams per square millimeter milligrams per square hektometer

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR 13,595,299,000 135,952,990 12,630,340 87,711.1111 1,359,529.9 13,595.299 135.95299 0.013333 0.013158 1,322,220,000,000 13,332,200,000 133,322,000 12,385,916.01 86,013.3056 1,333,220 13,332.20 133.3220

milligrams per square dekameter milligrams per square meter milligrams per square foot milligrams per square inch milligrams per square decimeter milligrams per square centimeter milligrams per square millimeter bars atmospheres dynes per square hektometer dynes per square dekameter dynes per square meter dynes per square foot dynes per square inch dynes per square decimeter dynes per square centimeter dynes per square millimeter

CENTIMETER PER SECOND PER SECOND: = 0.000006214 0.00001 0.000049709 0.0001 0.00049709 0.001 0.0019884 0.01 0.010936 0.011811 0.032808 0.043744 0.049709 0.098424 0.10 0.3937 1.00 10.00

miles per second per second kilometers per second per second furlongs per second per second hektometers per second per second chains per second per second dekameters per second per second rods per second per second meters per second per second yards per second per second varas (Texas) per second per second feet per second per second spans per second per second links per second per second hands per second per second decimeters per second per second inches per second per second centimeters per second per second millimeters per second per second

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Universal Conversion Factors

393.70 10,000

mils per second per second microns per second per second

CHAIN (SURVEYOR’S OR GUNTER’S): = 0.0125 0.020117 0.1 0.20117 2.0117 4 20.117 22 23.76 66 88 100 198 201.17 2,011.7 792 20,117 792,000 21,117,000 21,117,000,000 21,117,000,000 31,244,672 21,117 x 109

miles kilometers furlongs hektometers dekameters rods meters yards varas (Texas) feet spans links hands decimeters centimeters inches millimeters mils microns milli microns micro millimeters wave lengths of red line of cium Angstrom Units

CIRCULAR MIL: = 0.00000000000000019564 0.00000000000000050671 0.000000000000012521 0.000000000000050671 0.0000000000012521 0.0000000000050671

square miles or sections square kilometers square furlongs square hektometers square chains square dekameters

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR 0.000000000020034 0.00000000050671 0.00000000060602 0.00000000070687 0.0000000054542 0.0000000096964 0.000000012521 0.000000049186 0.000000050671 0.0000050671 0.0000007854 0.00050671 0.000000000000050671 0.0000000000050671 0.00000000050671 0.7854 0.000001 0.001 0.000645143

square rods square meters square yards square varas (Texas) square feet square spans square links square hands square decimeters square centimeters square inches square millimeters hectares ares centares (centiares) square mils circular inches inches circular millimeters

CHEVAL-VAPEUR (METRIC HORSEPOWER): = 62,832,926.34 753,995,116.08 1,952,910 23,434,920 0.69727 632.551 1,394.53604 6,325.51 63,255.1 22,312.57664 632,551 6,325,510 63,255,100 632,551,000 17.6448 0.7352

foot poundals inch poundals foot pounds inch pounds ton (short) calories kilogram calories pound calories hektogram calories dekagram calories ounce calories gram calories decigram calories centigram calories milligram calories kilowatt days kilowatt hours

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Universal Conversion Factors

0.012533 0.00020422 30.633333 735.2 44,120 2,646,720 297.62401 270,000 595,248.02 2,700,000 27,000,000 9,523,968.32 270,000,000 2,700,000,000 27,000,000,000 270,000,000,000 2.97624 2,700 5,952.4802 27,000 270,000 95,239.6832 2,700,000 27,000,000 270,000,000 2,700,000,000 29.7624 27,000 59,524.802 270,000 2,700,000 952,396.832 27,000,000 270,000,000 2,700,000,000 27,000,000,000 9.07158 82,296 181,431.5965

kilowatt minutes kilowatt seconds watt days watt hours watt minutes watt seconds ton meters kilogram meters pound meters hektogram meters dekagram meters ounce meters gram meters decigram meters centigram meters milligram meters ton hektometers kilogram hektometers pound hektometers hektogram hektometers dekagram hektometers ounce hektometers gram hektometers decigram hektometers centigram hektometers milligram hektometers ton dekameters kilogram dekameters pound dekameters hektogram dekameters dekagram dekameters ounce dekameters gram dekameters decigram dekameters centigram dekameters milligram dekameters ton feet kilogram feet pound feet

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR 822,960 8,229,600 2,902,905.54394 82,296,000 822,960,000 8,229,600,000 82,296,000,000 0.75596 6,858 15,119.29971 68,580 685,800 241,908.79536 6,858,000 68,580,000 685,800,000 6,858,000,000 2,976.24 2,700,000 5,952,480.2 27,000,000 270,000,000 95,239,683.2 2,700,000,000 27,000,000,000 270,000,000,000 2,700,000,000,000 29,762.4 27,000,000 59,524,802 270,000,000 2,700,000,000 952,396,832 27,000,000,000 270,000,000,000 2,700,000,000,000 297,624 270,000,000 595,248,020

hektogram feet dekagram feet ounce feet gram feet decigram feet centigram feet milligram feet ton inches kilogram inches pound inches hektogram inches dekagram inches ounce inches gram inches decigram inches centigram inches milligram inches ton decimeters kilogram decimeters pound decimeters hektogram decimeters dekagram decimeters ounce decimeters gram decimeters decigram decimeters centigram decimeters milligram decimeters ton centimeters kilogram centimeters pound centimeters hektogram centimeters dekagram centimeters ounce centimeters gram centimeters decigram centimeters milligram centimeters ton millimeters kilogram millimeters pound millimeters

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Universal Conversion Factors

2,700,000,000 hektogram millimeters 27,000,000,000 dekagram millimeters 9,523,968,320 ounce millimeters 270,000,000,000 gram millimeters 2,700,000,000,000 decigram millimeters 27,000,000,000,000 milligram millimeters 26.1298 kiloliter atmospheres 261.298 hektoliter atmospheres 2,612.98 dekaliter atmospheres 26,129.8 liter-atmospheres 261,298 deciliter-atmospheres 2,612,980 centiliter-atmospheres 26,129,800 milliliter-atmospheres 0.00000002613 cubic kilometer-atmospheres 0.00002613 cubic hektometer-atmospheres 0.02613 cubic dekameter-atmospheres 26.1298 cubic meter-atmospheres 922.74776 cubic feet-atmospheres 26,129.8 cubic decimeters-atmospheres 26,129,800 cubic centimeter atmospheres 26,129,800,000 cubic millimeter atmospheres 2,648,700 joules 0.0410967 horsepower day 0.98632 horsepower hours 59.17920 horsepower minutes 3,550.752 horsepower seconds 0.171945 pounds of carbon oxidized with 100% efficiency 2.5877 pounds of water evaporated from and at 212° F. 2,510.152 B.T.U.

CUBIC CENTIMETER: = 0.00000000000000062137 0.000000000000001 0.000000000000122833 0.000000000001 0.000000000122833 0.000000001

cubic miles cubic kilometers cubic furlongs cubic hektometers cubic chains cubic dekameters

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR 0.0000000078613 0.000001 0.000001 0.0000013079 0.0000016476 0.0000062897 0.00001 0.000028378 0.000027496 0.000035314 0.000083707 0.0001 0.000113512 0.000122833 0.00026417 0.00022705 0.00021997 0.00095635 0.0010567 0.00090808 0.001 0.001 0.0021134 0.0018162 0.0084536 0.01 0.061023 0.1 1 1 1000 0.033814 0.27051

cubic rods cubic meters kiloliter cubic yards cubic varas (Texas) barrels hektoliters bushels–U.S. (dry) bushels–Imperial (dry) cubic feet cubic spans dekaliter pecks cubic links gallons–U.S. (liquid) gallons–U.S. (dry) gallons–Imperial cubic hands quarts (liquid) quarts (dry) liters cubic decimeters pints (liquid) pints (dry) gills (liquid) deciliters cubic inches centiliters milliliters cubic centimeters cubic millimeters ounces (fluid) drams (fluid)

CUBIC FOOT: = 0.000000000017596 0.000000000028317

cubic miles cubic kilometers

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Universal Conversion Factors

0.0000000034783 0.000000028317 0.0000034783 0.000028317 0.00022261 0.028317 0.028317 0.037036 0.046656 0.17811 0.28317 0.80358 0.77860 2.37033 2.8317 3.2143 3.48327 7.48050 6.42937 6.22889 27.08096 29.92257 25.71410 28.317 28.317 59.84515 51.4934 239.38060 283.17 1,727.98829 2,831.7 28,317 28,317 28,317,000 957.51104 7,660.03167 0.9091 62.35 64.3

cubic furlongs cubic hektometers cubic chains cubic dekameters cubic rods cubic meters kiloliters cubic yards cubic varas (Texas) barrels hektoliters bushels–U.S. (dry) bushels–Imperial (dry) cubic spans dekaliter pecks cubic links gallons–U.S. (liquid) gallons–U.S. (dry) gallons–Imperial cubic hands quarts (liquid) quarts (dry) liters cubic decimeters pints (liquid) pints (dry) gills (liquid) deciliters cubic inches centiliters milliliters cubic centimeters cubic millimeters ounces (fluid) drams (fluid) sacks of cement (set) pounds of water @ 60° F. pounds of salt water

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR 72.0 pounds of salt water @ 60° F. of 1.155 of specific gravity 489.542 pounds of steel of 7.851 specific gravity

CUBIC FOOT PER DAY: = 0.17811 0.0074214 0.00012369 0.0000020615 0.028317 0.0011799 0.000019664 0.00000032774 0.028317 0.0011799 0.000019664 0.00000032774 0.037036 0.0015432 0.00002572 0.00000042866 0.28317 0.011799 0.00019664 0.0000032774 1 0.041666 0.00069444 0.000011574 2.8317 0.11799 0.0019664 0.000032774 7.48050 0.31169 0.0051948 0.000086580 6.22889

barrels per day barrels per hour barrels per minute barrels per second kiloliters per day kiloliters per hour kiloliters per minute kiloliters per second cubic meters per day cubic meters per hour cubic meters per minute cubic meters per second cubic yards per day cubic yards per hour cubic yards per minute cubic yards per second hektoliters per day hektoliters per hour hektoliters per minute hektoliters per second cubic feet per day cubic feet per hour cubic feet per minute cubic feet per second dekaliters per day dekaliters per hour dekaliters per minute dekaliters per second gallons per day gallons per hour gallons per minute gallons per second gallons (Imperial) per day

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Universal Conversion Factors

0.25954 0.0043256 0.000072094 29.92257 1.24679 0.020780 0.00034633 28.317 1.17988 0.019664 0.00032774 28.317 1.17988 0.019664 0.00032774 59.84515 2.49354 0.0415359 0.00069265 239.38060 9.97416 0.166236 0.0027706 283.17 11.79875 0.19664 0.0032774 1,727.98829 72.0 1.20 0.020 2,831.7 117.98750 1.9664 0.032774 28,317 1,179.8750 19.664 0.32774

gallons (Imperial) per hour gallons (Imperial) per minute gallons (Imperial) per second quarts per day quarts per hour quarts per minute quarts per second liters per day liters per hour liters per minute liters per second cubic decimeters per day cubic decimeters per hour cubic decimeters per minute cubic decimeters per second pints per day pints per hour pints per minute pints per second gills per day gills per hour gills per minute gills per second deciliters per day deciliters per hour deciliters per minute deciliters per second cubic inches per day cubic inches per hour cubic inches per minute cubic inches per second centiliters per day centiliters per hour centiliters per minute centiliters per second milliliters per day milliliters per hour milliliters per minute milliliters per second

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR 28,317 1,179.8750 19.664 0.32774 28,317,000 1,179,875 19,664 327.74

cubic centimeters per day cubic centimeters per hour cubic centimeters per minute cubic centimeters per second cubic millimeters per day cubic millimeters per hour cubic millimeters per minute cubic millimeters per second

CUBIC FOOT PER HOUR: = 4.27464 0.17811 0.0029685 0.000049475 0.67961 0.028317 0.00047195 0.0000078658 0.67961 0.028317 0.00047195 0.0000078658 0.88888 0.037036 0.00061728 0.000010288 6.79605 0.28317 0.0047195 0.000078658 24 1 0.016667 0.00027778 67.96051 2.8317 0.047195

barrels per day barrels per hour barrels per minute barrels per second kiloliters per day kiloliters per hour kiloliters per minute kiloliters per second cubic meters per day cubic meters per hour cubic meters per minute cubic meters per second cubic yards per day cubic yards per hour cubic yards per minute cubic yards per second hektoliters per day hektoliters per hour hektoliters per minute hektoliters per second cubic feet per day cubic feet per hour cubic feet per minute cubic feet per second dekaliters per day dekaliters per hour dekaliters per minute

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Universal Conversion Factors

0.00078658 179.53056 7.48050 0.12467 0.0020779 149.48928 6.22889 0.10381 0.0017302 718.13952 29.92257 0.49871 0.0083118 679.60512 28.317 0.47195 0.0078658 679.60512 28.317 0.47195 0.0078658 1,436.31360 59.84515 0.99744 0.016624 5,745.25440 239.38060 3.98976 0.066496 6,796.05120 283.17 4.71948 0.078658 41,472.0 1,727.98829 28.80 0.480 67,960.512 2,831.7

dekaliters per second gallons per day gallons per hour gallons per minute gallons per second gallons (Imperial) per day gallons (Imperial) per hour gallons (Imperial) per minute gallons (Imperial) per second quarts per day quarts per hour quarts per minute quarts per second liters per day liters per hour liters per minute liters per second cubic decimeters per day cubic decimeters per hour cubic decimeters per minute cubic decimeters per second pints per day pints per hour pints per minute pints per second gills per day gills per hour gills per minute gills per second deciliters per day deciliters per hour deciliters per minute deciliters per second cubic inches per day cubic inches per hour cubic inches per minute cubic inches per second centiliters per day centiliters per hour

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR 47.19480 0.78658 679,605.120 28,317 471.94980 7.86583 679,605.120 28,317 471.94980 7.86583 679,605,120 28,317,000 471,949.80 7,865.83

centiliters per minute centiliters per second milliliters per day milliliters per hour milliliters per minute milliliters per second cubic centimeters per day cubic centimeters per hour cubic centimeters per minute cubic centimeters per second cubic millimeters per day cubic millimeters per hour cubic millimeters per minute cubic millimeters per second

CUBIC FOOT PER MINUTE: = 256.47840 10.68660 0.17811 0.0029685 40.77648 1.69902 0.028317 0.00047195 40.77648 1.69902 0.028317 0.00047195 53.33213 2.22217 0.037036 0.00061727 407.76480 16.99020 0.28317 0.0047195 1,440

barrels per day barrels per hour barrels per minute barrels per second kiloliters per day kiloliters per hour kiloliters per minute kiloliters per second cubic meters per day cubic meters per hour cubic meters per minute cubic meters per second cubic yards per day cubic yards per hour cubic yards per minute cubic yards per second hektoliters per day hektoliters per hour hektoliters per minute hektoliters per second cubic feet per day

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Universal Conversion Factors

60 1 0.016667 4,077.6480 169.9020 2.8317 0.047195 10,771.920 448.830 7.48050 0.12468 8,969.184 373.7160 6.22889 0.10381 43,088.5440 1,795.3560 29.92257 0.49871 40,776.480 1,699.020 28.3170 0.47195 40,776.480 1,699.020 28.3170 0.47195 86,177.0880 3,590.712 59.84515 0.99742 344,708.3520 14,362.848 239.38060 3.98968 407,764.80 16,990.20 283.17 4.7195

cubic feet per hour cubic feet per minute cubic feet per second dekaliters per day dekaliters per hour dekaliters per minute dekaliters per second gallons per day gallons per hour gallons per minute gallons per second gallons (Imperial) per day gallons (Imperial) per hour gallons (Imperial) per minute gallons (Imperial) per second quarts per day quarts per hour quarts per minute quarts per second liters per day liters per hour liters per minute liters per second cubic decimeters per day cubic decimeters per hour cubic decimeters per minute cubic decimeters per second pints per day pints per hour pints per minute pints per second gills per day gills per hour gills per minute gills per second deciliters per day deciliters per hour deciliters per minute deciliters per second

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR 2,488,303.584 103,769.3160 1,727.98829 28.79981 4,077,648.0 169,902.0 2,831.7 47.195 40,776,480.0 1,699,020.0 28,317 471.95 40,776,480.0 1,699,020.0 28,317 471.95 40,776,480,000 1,699,020,000 28,317,000 471,950

cubic inches per day cubic inches per hour cubic inches per minute cubic inches per second centiliters per day centiliters per hour centiliters per minute centiliters per second milliliters per day milliliters per hour milliliters per minute milliliters per second cubic centimeters per day cubic centimeters per hour cubic centimeters per minute cubic centimeters per second cubic millimeters per day cubic millimeters per hour cubic millimeters per minute cubic millimeters per second

CUBIC FOOT PER SECOND: = 15,388.70400 641.19600 10.68660 0.17811 2,446.58880 101.94120 1.69902 0.028317 2,446.5880 101.94120 1.69902 0.028317 3,199.91040 133.32960 2.22216

barrels per day barrels per hour barrels per minute barrels per second kiloliters per day kiloliters per hour kiloliters per minute kiloliters per second cubic meters per day cubic meters per hour cubic meters per minute cubic meters per second cubic yards per day cubic yards per hour cubic yards per minute

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Universal Conversion Factors

0.037036 24,465.8880 1,019.41200 16.99020 0.28317 86,400 3,600 60 1 244,658.880 10,194.120 169.9020 2.8317 646,315.20 26,929.80 448.830 7.48050 538,176.096 22,424.004 373.73340 6.22889 2,585,310.0480 107,721.2520 1,795.35420 29.92257 2,446,588.80 101,941.20 1,699.020 28.317 2,446,588.80 101,941.20 1,699.020 28.317 5,170,620.960 215,442.540 3,590.7090 59.84515 20,682,483.84 861,770.16

cubic yards per second hektoliters per day hektoliters per hour hektoliters per minute hektoliters per second cubic feet per day cubic feet per hour cubic feet per minute cubic feet per second dekaliters per day dekaliters per hour dekaliters per minute dekaliters per second gallons per day gallons per hour gallons per minute gallons per second gallons (Imperial) per day gallons (Imperial) per hour gallons (Imperial) per minute gallons (Imperial) per second quarts per day quarts per hour quarts per minute quarts per second liters per day liters per hour liters per minute liters per second cubic decimeters per day cubic decimeters per hour cubic decimeters per minute cubic decimeters per second pints per day pints per hour pints per minute pints per second gills per day gills per hour

D&D univ conv factors 10/23/01 3:28 PM Page 70

D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR 14,362.8360 239.38060 24,465,880 1,019,412.0 16,990.20 283.17 149,298,188.2560 6,220,757.8440 103,679.29740 1,727.98829 244,658,880.0 10,194,120.0 169,902.0 2,831.7 2,446,588,800.0 101,941,200.0 1,699,020.0 28,317 2,446,588,800.0 101,941,200.0 1,699,020.0 28,317 2,446,588,800,000 101,941,200,000 1,699,020,000 28,317,000

gills per minute gills per second deciliters per day deciliters per hour deciliters per minute deciliters per second cubic inches per day cubic inches per hour cubic inches per minute cubic inches per second centiliters per day centiliters per hour centiliters per minute centiliters per second milliliters per day milliliters per hour milliliters per minute milliliters per second cubic centimeters per day cubic centimeters per hour cubic centimeters per minute cubic centimeters per second cubic millimeters per day cubic millimeters per hour cubic millimeters per minute cubic millimeters per second

CUBIC INCH: = 0.000000000000010183 0.000000000000016387 0.0000000000020129 0.000000000016387 0.0000000020129 0.000000016387 0.00000012883 0.000016387 0.000016387

cubic miles cubic kilometers cubic furlongs cubic hektometers cubic chains cubic dekameters cubic rods cubic meters kiloliter

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Universal Conversion Factors

0.000021434 0.000027000 0.00010307 0.00016387 0.00046503 0.00045058 0.0005787 0.0013717 0.0016387 0.0018601 0.0020129 0.0043290 0.003721 0.003607 0.015672 0.017316 0.014881 0.016387 0.016387 0.034632 0.029762 0.13853 0.16387 1.63871 16.38716 16.38716 16,387.16 4.4329 0.2833 0.03607 0.5541 0.041667 0.0005261

cubic yards cubic varas (Texas) barrels hektoliters bushels–U.S. (dry) bushels–Imperial (dry) cubic feet cubic spans dekaliter pecks cubic links gallons–U.S. (liquid) gallons–U.S. (dry) gallons–Imperial cubic hands quarts (liquid) quarts (dry) liters cubic decimeters pints (liquid) pints (dry) gills (liquid) deciliters centiliters milliliters cubic centimeters cubic millimeters drams (fluid) pounds of steel (specific gravity–7.851) pounds of water @ 60° F. ounces of fluid pounds of salt water @ 60° F. and 1.155 specific gravity sacks of cement (set)

D&D univ conv factors 10/23/01 3:28 PM Page 72

D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR CUBIC INCH PER DAY: = 0.000016387 0.00000068278 0.000000011380 0.00000000018966 0.000016387 0.00000068278 0.000000011380 0.00000000018966 0.000021434 0.00000089309 0.000000014885 0.00000000024808 0.00010307 0.0000042944 0.000000071574 0.0000000011929 0.00016387 0.0000068278 0.00000011380 0.0000000018966 0.0005787 0.000024112 0.00000040187 0.0000000066979 0.0016387 0.000068278 0.0000011380 0.000000018966 0.0043290 0.00018037 0.0000030062 0.000000050104 0.003607 0.00015029 0.0000025049 0.000000041748 0.016387

kiloliters per day kiloliters per hour kiloliters per minute kiloliters per second cubic meters per day cubic meters per hour cubic meters per minute cubic meters per second cubic yards per day cubic yards per hour cubic yards per minute cubic yards per second barrels per day barrels per hour barrels per minute barrels per second hektoliters per day hektoliters per hour hektoliters per minute hektoliters per second cubic feet per day cubic feet per hour cubic feet per minute cubic feet per second dekaliters per day dekaliters per hour dekaliters per minute dekaliters per second gallons per day gallons per hour gallons per minute gallons per second gallons (Imperial) per day gallons (Imperial) per hour gallons (Imperial) per minute gallons (Imperial) per second liters per day

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Universal Conversion Factors

0.00068278 0.000011380 0.00000018966 0.016387 0.00068278 0.000011380 0.00000018966 0.017316 0.00072151 0.000012025 0.00000020042 0.034632 0.0014430 0.000024050 0.00000040083 0.13853 0.0057722 0.000096024 0.0000016034 0.16387 0.0068278 0.00011380 0.0000018966 1.0 0.041666 0.00069444 0.000011574 1.63871 0.068278 0.0011380 0.000018966 16.38716 0.68278 0.011380 0.00018966 16.38716 0.68278 0.011380 0.00018966

liters per hour liters per minute liters per second cubic decimeters per day cubic decimeters per hour cubic decimeters per minute cubic decimeters per second quarts per day quarts per hour quarts per minute quarts per second pints per day pints per hour pints per minute pints per second gills per day gills per hour gills per minute gills per second deciliters per day deciliters per hour deciliters per minute deciliters per second cubic inches per day cubic inches per hour cubic inches per minute cubic inches per second centiliters per day centiliters per hour centiliters per minute centiliters per second milliliters per day milliliters per hour milliliters per minute milliliters per second cubic centimeters per day cubic centimeters per hour cubic centimeters per minute cubic centimeters per second

D&D univ conv factors 10/23/01 3:28 PM Page 74

D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR 16,387.16 682.7760 11.3796 0.18966

cubic millimeters per day cubic millimeters per hour cubic millimeters per minute cubic millimeters per second

CUBIC INCH PER HOUR: = 0.00039328 0.000016387 0.00000027311 0.0000000045519 0.00039328 0.000016387 0.00000027311 0.0000000045519 0.00051442 0.000021434 0.00000035723 0.0000000059539 0.0024737 0.00010307 0.0000017179 0.000000028631 0.0039328 0.00016387 0.0000027311 0.000000045519 0.013889 0.0005787 0.000009645 0.00000016075 0.039328 0.0016387 0.000027311 0.00000045519 0.10390 0.0043290 0.000072150

kiloliters per day kiloliters per hour kiloliters per minute kiloliters per second cubic meters per day cubic meters per hour cubic meters per minute cubic meters per second cubic yards per day cubic yards per hour cubic yards per minute cubic yards per second barrels per day barrels per hour barrels per minute barrels per second hektoliters per day hektoliters per hour hektoliters per minute hektoliters per second cubic feet per day cubic feet per hour cubic feet per minute cubic feet per second dekaliters per day dekaliters per hour dekaliters per minute dekaliters per second gallons per day gallons per hour gallons per minute

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Universal Conversion Factors

0.0000012025 0.086564 0.003607 0.000060114 0.0000010019 0.39328 0.016387 0.00027311 0.0000045519 0.39328 0.016387 0.00027311 0.0000045519 0.41558 0.017316 0.0002886 0.000004810 0.83117 0.034632 0.0005772 0.000009620 3.32476 0.13853 0.0023089 0.000038481 3.93284 0.16387 0.0027311 0.000045519 24 1.0 0.016667 0.00027778 39.32842 1.63871 0.027311 0.00045519 393.28416 16.38716

gallons per second gallons (Imperial) per day gallons (Imperial) per hour gallons (Imperial) per minute gallons (Imperial) per second liters per day liters per hour liters per minute liters per second cubic decimeters per day cubic decimeters per hour cubic decimeters per minute cubic decimeters per second quarts per day quarts per hour quarts per minute quarts per second pints per day pints per hour pints per minute pints per second gills per day gills per hour gills per minute gills per second deciliters per day deciliters per hour deciliters per minute deciliters per second cubic inches per day cubic inches per hour cubic inches per minute cubic inches per second centiliters per day centiliters per hour centiliters per minute centiliters per second milliliters per day milliliters per hour

D&D univ conv factors 10/23/01 3:28 PM Page 76

D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR 0.27311 0.0045519 393.28416 16.38716 0.27311 0.0045519 393,284.16 16,387.16 273.114 4.5519

milliliters per minute milliliters per second cubic centimeters per day cubic centimeters per hour cubic centimeters per minute cubic centimeters per second cubic millimeters per day cubic millimeters per hour cubic millimeters per minute cubic millimeters per second

CUBIC INCH PER MINUTE: = 0.023598 0.00098323 0.000016387 0.00000027312 0.023598 0.00098323 0.000016387 0.00000027312 0.030865 0.0012860 0.000021434 0.00000035723 0.14842 0.0061841 0.00010307 0.0000017178 0.23598 0.0098323 0.00016387 0.0000027312 0.83333 0.034722 0.0005787 0.0000096450 2.35976

kiloliters per day kiloliters per hour kiloliters per minute kiloliters per second cubic meters per day cubic meters per hour cubic meters per minute cubic meters per second cubic yards per day cubic yards per hour cubic yards per minute cubic yards per second barrels per day barrels per hour barrels per minute barrels per second hektoliters per day hektoliters per hour hektoliters per minute hektoliters per second cubic feet per day cubic feet per hour cubic feet per minute cubic feet per second dekaliters per day

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Universal Conversion Factors

0.098323 0.0016387 0.000027312 6.23376 0.25974 0.0043290 0.000072150 5.19411 0.21642 0.003607 0.000060117 23.59757 0.98323 0.016387 0.00027312 23.59757 0.98323 0.016387 0.00027312 24.93504 1.038960 0.017316 0.0002886 49.87008 2.07792 0.034632 0.0005772 199.48032 8.31168 0.13853 0.0023088 235.97568 9.83232 0.16387 0.0027312 1,440 60 1 0.016667

dekaliters per hour dekaliters per minute dekaliters per second gallons per day gallons per hour gallons per minute gallons per second gallons (Imperial) per day gallons (Imperial) per hour gallons (Imperial) per minute gallons (Imperial) per second liters per day liters per hour liters per minute liters per second cubic decimeters per day cubic decimeters per hour cubic decimeters per minute cubic decimeters per second quarts per day quarts per hour quarts per minute quarts per second pints per day pints per hour pints per minute pints per second gills per day gills per hour gills per minute gills per second deciliters per day deciliters per hour deciliters per minute deciliters per second cubic inches per day cubic inches per hour cubic inches per minute cubic inches per second

D&D univ conv factors 10/23/01 3:28 PM Page 78

D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR 2,359.7568 98.3232 1.63871 0.027312 23,597.568 983.232 16.38716 0.27312 23,597.568 983.232 16.38716 0.27312 23,597,568 983,232 16,387.16 273.11933

centiliters per day centiliters per hour centiliters per minute centiliters per second milliliters per day milliliters per hour milliliters per minute milliliters per second cubic centimeters per day cubic centimeters per hour cubic centimeters per minute cubic centimeters per second cubic millimeters per day cubic millimeters per hour cubic millimeters per minute cubic millimeters per second

CUBIC INCH PER SECOND: = 1.41584 0.058993 0.00098322 0.000016387 1.41584 0.058993 0.00098322 0.000016387 1.85190 0.077162 0.0012860 0.000021434 8.90525 0.37105 0.0061842 0.00010307 14.15837 0.58993 0.0098322

kiloliters per day kiloliters per hour kiloliters per minute kiloliters per second cubic meters per day cubic meters per hour cubic meters per minute cubic meters per second cubic yards per day cubic yards per hour cubic yards per minute cubic yards per second barrels per day barrels per hour barrels per minute barrels per second hektoliters per day hektoliters per hour hektoliters per minute

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Universal Conversion Factors

0.00016387 49.99968 2.08332 0.034722 0.0005787 141.58368 5.89932 0.098332 0.0016387 374.02560 15.58440 0.25974 0.0043290 311.64480 12.98520 0.21642 0.003607 1,415.83680 58.99320 0.98322 0.016387 1,415.83680 58.99320 0.98322 0.016387 1,496.10240 62.33760 1.038960 0.017316 2,992.20480 124.6752 2.077920 0.034632 11,968.9920 498.70800 8.31180 0.13853 14,158.36800 589.93200

hektoliters per second cubic feet per day cubic feet per hour cubic feet per minute cubic feet per second dekaliters per day dekaliters per hour dekaliters per minute dekaliters per second gallons per day gallons per hour gallons per minute gallons per second gallons (Imperial) per day gallons (Imperial) per hour gallons (Imperial) per minute gallons (Imperial) per second liters per day liters per hour liters per minute liters per second cubic decimeters per day cubic decimeters per hour cubic decimeters per minute cubic decimeters per second quarts per day quarts per hour quarts per minute quarts per second pints per day pints per hour pints per minute pints per second gills per day gills per hour gills per minute gills per second deciliters per day deciliters per hour

D&D univ conv factors 10/23/01 3:28 PM Page 80

D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR 9.83326 0.16387 86,400 3,600 60 1.0 141,584.5440 5,899.3560 98.32260 1.63871 1,415,850.6240 58,993.7760 983.22960 16.38716 1,415,850.6240 58,993.7760 983.22960 16.38716 1,415,850,624 58,993,776 983,229.6 16,387.16

deciliters per minute deciliters per second cubic inches per day cubic inches per hour cubic inches per minute cubic inches per second centiliters per day centiliters per hour centiliters per minute centiliters per second milliliters per day milliliters per hour milliliters per minute milliliters per second cubic centimeters per day cubic centimeters per hour cubic centimeters per minute cubic centimeters per second cubic millimeters per day cubic millimeters per hour cubic millimeters per minute cubic millimeters per second

CUBIC METER: = 0.00000000062139 0.000000001 0.00000012283 0.000001 0.00012283 0.001 0.0078613 1 1.307943 1.64763 6.28994 10 28.37798

cubic miles cubic kilometers cubic furlongs cubic hektometers cubic chains cubic dekameters cubic rods kiloliter cubic yards cubic varas (Texas) barrels hektoliters bushels (U.S.) dry

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Universal Conversion Factors

27.49582 35.314445 83.70688 100 113.51120 122.83316 264.17762 227.026407 219.97542 956.34894 1,056.71088 908.10299 1,000 1,000 2,113.42176 1,816.19834 8,453.68704 10,000 61,022.93879 100,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 1,000,000,000 2,204.62 2,201.82790 2,542.608

bushels (Imperial) dry cubic feet cubic spans dekaliters pecks cubic links gallons (U.S.) liquid gallons (U.S.) dry gallons (Imperial) cubic hands liters cubic decimeters quarts (liquid) quarts (dry) pints (liquid) pints (dry) gills (liquid) deciliters cubic inches centiliters milliliters cubic centimeters cubic millimeters pounds of water @ 39° F. pounds of water @ 60° F. pounds of salt water @ 60° F. and 1.155 specific gravity 32.10396 sacks of cement (set) 33,813.54487 ounces (fluid) 270,506.35839 drams (fluid)

CUBIC METERS PER DAY: = 1 0.041667 0.00069444 0.000011574 1

kiloliters per day kiloliters per hour kiloliters per minute kiloliters per second cubic meters per day

D&D univ conv factors 10/23/01 3:28 PM Page 82

D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR 0.041667 0.00069444 0.000011574 1.30794 0.054497 0.00090828 0.000015138 6.289943 0.26208 0.0043680 0.000072800 10 0.41667 0.0069444 0.00011574 35.31444 1.47143 0.024524 0.00040873 100 4.1666 0.069444 0.0011574 264.17762 11.0074008 0.18346 0.0030576 219.97542 9.16564 0.15276 0.0025460 1,000 41.66640 0.69444 0.011574 1,000 41.66640 0.69444 0.011574

cubic meters per hour cubic meters per minute cubic meters per second cubic yards per day cubic yards per hour cubic yards per minute cubic yards per second barrels per day barrels per hour barrels per minute barrels per second hektoliters per day hektoliters per hour hektoliters per minute hektoliters per second cubic feet per day cubic feet per hour cubic feet per minute cubic feet per second dekaliters per day dekaliters per hour dekaliters per minute dekaliters per second gallons per day gallons per hour gallons per minute gallons per second gallons (Imperial) per day gallons (Imperial) per hour gallons (Imperial) per minute gallons (Imperial) per second liters per day liters per hour liters per minute liters per second cubic decimeters per day cubic decimeters per hour cubic decimeters per minute cubic decimeters per second

D&D univ conv factors 10/23/01 3:28 PM Page 83

Universal Conversion Factors

1,056.71088 44.02962 0.73383 0.012230 2,113.42176 88.059240 1.46765 0.024461 8,453.68704 352.23696 5.87062 0.097844 10,000 416.66400 6.94440 0.11574 61,022.93879 2,542.6080 42.3768 0.70628 100,000 4,166.6400 69.4440 1.15740 1,000,000 41,666.40 694.440 11.57407 1,000,000 4,166.64000 69.4440 1.15740 1,000,000,000 4,166,640 69,444 1,157.4

quarts per day quarts per hour quarts per minute quarts per second pints per day pints per hour pints per minute pints per second gills per day gills per hour gills per minute gills per second deciliters per day deciliters per hour deciliters per minute deciliters per second cubic inches per day cubic inches per hour cubic inches per minute cubic inches per second centiliters per day centiliters per hour centiliters per minute centiliters per second milliliters per day milliliters per hour milliliters per minute milliliters per second cubic centimeters per day cubic centimeters per hour cubic centimeters per minute cubic centimeters per second cubic millimeters per day cubic millimeters per hour cubic millimeters per minute cubic millimeters per second

D&D univ conv factors 10/23/01 3:28 PM Page 84

D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR CUBIC METERS PER HOUR: = 24 1 0.016667 0.00027778 24 1 0.01667 0.00027778 31.39085 1.30794 0.021799 0.00036332 150.95863 6.289943 0.10483 0.0017472 240 10 0.16667 0.0027778 847.54944 35.31444 0.58858 0.0098096 2,400 100 1.66668 0.027778 6,340.26288 264.17762 4.40296 0.073383 5,279.41008 219.97542 3.66626 0.06114 24,000

kiloliters per day kiloliters per hour kiloliters per minute kiloliters per second cubic meters per day cubic meters per hour cubic meters per minute cubic meters per second cubic yards per day cubic yards per hour cubic yards per minute cubic yards per second barrels per day barrels per hour barrels per minute barrels per second hektoliters per day hektoliters per hour hektoliters per minute hektoliters per second cubic feet per day cubic feet per hour cubic feet per minute cubic feet per second dekaliters per day dekaliters per hour dekaliters per minute dekaliters per second gallons per day gallons per hour gallons per minute gallons per second gallons (Imperial) per day gallons (Imperial) per hour gallons (Imperial) per minute gallons (Imperial) per second liters per day

D&D univ conv factors 10/23/01 3:28 PM Page 85

Universal Conversion Factors

1,000 16.66680 0.27778 24,000 1,000 16.66680 0.27778 25,360.9920 1,056.71088 17.61180 0.29353 50,722.12224 2,113.42176 35.22370 0.58706 202,888.48896 8,453.68704 140.89478 2.34825 240,000 10,000 166.6680 2.77778 1,464,550.8480 61,022.93879 1,017.04920 16.95082 2,400,000 100,000 1,666.680 27.77778 24,000,000 1,000,000 16,666.80 277.77778 24,000,000 1,000,000 16,666.666680 277.777778

liters per hour liters per minute liters per second cubic decimeters per day cubic decimeters per hour cubic decimeters per minute cubic decimeters per second quarts per day quarts per hour quarts per minute quarts per second pints per day pints per hour pints per minute pints per second gills per day gills per hour gills per minute gills per second deciliters per day deciliters per hour deciliters per minute deciliters per second cubic inches per day cubic inches per hour cubic inches per minute cubic inches per second centiliters per day centiliters per hour centiliters per minute centiliters per second milliliters per day milliliters per hour milliliters per minute milliliters per second cubic centimeters per day cubic centimeters per hour cubic centimeters per minute cubic centimeters per second

D&D univ conv factors 10/23/01 3:28 PM Page 86

D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR 24,000,000,000 1,000,000,000 16,666,800 277,777.777778

cubic millimeters per day cubic millimeters per hour cubic millimeters per minute cubic millimeters per second

CUBIC METERS PER MINUTE: = 1,440 60 1 0.016667 1,440 60 1 0.016667 1,883.43360 78.47640 1.30794 0.021799 9,057.51792 377.39658 6.289943 0.10483 14,400 600 10 0.16667 50,852.4480 2,118.8520 35.31444 0.58857 144,000 6,000 100 1.66667 380,415.7728 15,850.65720 264.17762

kiloliters per day kiloliters per hour kiloliters per minute kiloliters per second cubic meters per day cubic meters per hour cubic meters per minute cubic meters per second cubic yards per day cubic yards per hour cubic yards per minute cubic yards per second barrels per day barrels per hour barrels per minute barrels per second hektoliters per day hektoliters per hour hektoliters per minute hektoliters per second cubic feet per day cubic feet per hour cubic feet per minute cubic feet per second dekaliters per day dekaliters per hour dekaliters per minute dekaliters per second gallons per day gallons per hour gallons per minute

D&D univ conv factors 10/23/01 3:28 PM Page 87

Universal Conversion Factors

4.40296 316,764.60480 13,198.5252 219.97542 3.66626 1,440,000 60,000 1,000 16.66667 1,440,000 60,000 1,000 16.66667 1,521,663.6672 63,402.65280 1,056.71088 17.61185 3,043,327.3344 126,805.30560 2,113.42176 35.22370 12,173,309.8560 507,221.2440 8,453.68704 140.89479 14,400,000 600,000 10,000 166.66667 87,873,031.8720 3,661,376.3280 61,022.93879 1,017.04898 144,000,000 6,000,000 100,000 1,666.66667 1,440,000,000 60,000,000

gallons per second gallons (Imperial) per day gallons (Imperial) per hour gallons (Imperial) per minute gallons (Imperial) per second liters per day liters per hour liters per minute liters per second cubic decimeters per day cubic decimeters per hour cubic decimeters per minute cubic decimeters per second quarts per day quarts per hour quarts per minute quarts per second pints per day pints per hour pints per minute pints per second gills per day gills per hour gills per minute gills per second deciliters per day deciliters per hour deciliters per minute deciliters per second cubic inches per day cubic inches per hour cubic inches per minute cubic inches per second centiliters per day centiliters per hour centiliters per minute centiliters per second milliliters per day milliliters per hour

D&D univ conv factors 10/23/01 3:28 PM Page 88

D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR 1,000,000 16,666.66667 1,440,000,000 60,000,000 1,000,000 16,666.66667 1,440,000,000,000 60,000,000,000 1,000,000,000 16,666,666.66667

milliliters per minute milliliters per second cubic centimeters per day cubic centimeters per hour cubic centimeters per minute cubic centimeters per second cubic millimeters per day cubic millimeters per hour cubic millimeters per minute cubic millimeters per second

CUBIC METERS PER SECOND: = 86,400 3,600 60 1 86,400 3,600 60 1 113,006.0160 4,708.5840 78.47640 1.30794 543,451.07520 22,643.7948 377.39658 6.28994 864,000 36,000 600 10 3,051,167.616 127,131.9840 2,118.86640 35.31444 8,640,000

kiloliters per day kiloliters per hour kiloliters per minute kiloliters per second cubic meters per day cubic meters per hour cubic meters per minute cubic meters per second cubic yards per day cubic yards per hour cubic yards per minute cubic yards per second barrels per day barrels per hour barrels per minute barrels per second hektoliters per day hektoliters per hour hektoliters per minute hektoliters per second cubic feet per day cubic feet per hour cubic feet per minute cubic feet per second dekaliters per day

D&D univ conv factors 10/23/01 3:28 PM Page 89

Universal Conversion Factors

360,000 6,000 100 22,824,946.3680 951,039.4320 15,850.65720 264.17762 19,005,798.5280 791,908.2720 13,198.47120 219.97542 86,400,000 3,600,000 60,000 1,000 86,400,000 3,600,000 60,000 1,000 91,299,820.0320 3,804,159.16800 63,402.65280 1,056.71088 182,599,640.0640 7,608,318.3360 126,805.30560 2,113.42176 730,398,560.2560 30,433,273.3340 507,221.22240 8,453.68704 864,000,000 36,000,000 600,000 10,000 5,272,381,911.4560 219,682,579.6440 3,661,376.32740 61,022.93879

dekaliters per hour dekaliters per minute dekaliters per second gallons per day gallons per hour gallons per minute gallons per second gallons (Imperial) per day gallons (Imperial) per hour gallons (Imperial) per minute gallons (Imperial) per second liters per day liters per hour liters per minute liters per second cubic decimeters per day cubic decimeters per hour cubic decimeters per minute cubic decimeters per second quarts per day quarts per hour quarts per minute quarts per second pints per day pints per hour pints per minute pints per second gills per day gills per hour gills per minute gills per second deciliters per day deciliters per hour deciliters per minute deciliters per second cubic inches per day cubic inches per hour cubic inches per minute cubic inches per second

D&D univ conv factors 10/24/01 11:07 AM Page 90

D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR 8,640,000,000 360,000,000 6,000,000 100,000 86,400,000,000 3,600,000,000 60,000,000 1,000,000 86,400,000,000 3,600,000,000 60,000,000 1,000,000 86,400,000,000,000 3,600,000,000,000 60,000,000,000 1,000,000,000

centiliters per day centiliters per hour centiliters per minute centiliters per second milliliters per day milliliters per hour milliliters per minute milliliters per second cubic centimeters per day cubic centimeters per hour cubic centimeters per minute cubic centimeters per second cubic millimeters per day cubic millimeters per hour cubic millimeters per minute cubic millimeters per second

CUBIC POISE CENTIMETER PER GRAM: = 0.0000000001 0.00000001 0.000001 0.0001 0.0010764 0.1550 0.01 1.0 100

square kilometers per second square hektometers per second square dekameters per second square meters per second square feet per second square inches per second square decimeters per second square centimeters per second square millimeters per second

CUBIC POISE FOOT PER POUND: = 0.000000006243 0.0000006243 0.00006243 0.006243 0.067200 9.67680

square kilometers per second square hektometers per second square dekameters per second square meters per second square feet per second square inches per second

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Universal Conversion Factors

0.6243 62.43 6,243

square decimeters per second square centimeters per second square millimeters per second

CUBIC POISE INCH PER GRAM: = 0.0000000016387 0.00000016387 0.000016387 0.0016387 0.017639 2.540 0.16387 16.387 1,638.7

square kilometers per second square hektometers per second square dekameters per second square meters per second square feet per second square inches per second square decimeters per second square centimeters per second square millimeters per second

CUBIC YARD: = 0.00000000047509 0.00000000076456 0.000000093914 0.00000076456 0.000093914 0.00076456 0.0060105 0.76456 0.76456 1.25971 4.80897 7.64559 21.69666 21.0220 27 63.99891 76.45595 86.78610 93.91329

cubic miles cubic kilometers cubic furlongs cubic hektometers cubic chains cubic dekameters cubic rods kiloliters cubic meters cubic varas (Texas) barrels hektoliters bushels (U.S.) dry bushels (Imperial) dry cubic feet cubic spans dekaliters pecks cubic links

D&D univ conv factors 10/23/01 3:28 PM Page 92

D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR 201.97350 gallons (U.S.) liquid 173.59299 gallons (U.S.) dry 168.18003 gallons (Imperial) 731.18592 cubic hands 764.55945 liters 764.55945 cubic decimeters 807.89400 quarts (liquid) 694.28070 quarts (dry) 1,615.78800 pints (liquid) 1,388.59218 pints (dry) 6,463.15200 gills (liquid) 7,645.5945 deciliters 46,656 cubic inches 76,455.945 centiliters 764,559.45 milliliters 764,559.45 cubic centimeters 764,559,450 cubic millimeters 25,852.79808 ounces (fluid) 206,820.85509 drams (fluid) 24.5457 sacks of cement (set) 1,683.45 pounds of water @ 60° F. 1,736.10 pounds of salt water 1,944 pounds of salt water @ 60° F. and 1.155 specific gravity 13,217.634 pounds of steel of 7.851 specific gravity

CUBIC YARD PER DAY: = 0.76456 0.031857 0.00053095 0.0000088491 0.76456 0.031857 0.00053095 0.0000088491 1.0 0.04166 0.00069444

kiloliters per day kiloliters per hour kiloliters per minute kiloliters per second cubic meters per day cubic meters per hour cubic meters per minute cubic meters per second cubic yards per day cubic yards per hour cubic yards per minute

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Universal Conversion Factors

0.000011574 4.80897 0.20037 0.0033395 0.000055659` 7.64559 0.31857 0.0053095 0.00008849 27 1.1250 0.018750 0.00031250 76.45595 3.18568 0.053095 0.00088491 201.97350 8.41572 0.14026 0.0023377 168.18003 7.00740 0.11679 0.0019465 764.55945 31.85676 0.53095 0.0088491 764.55945 31.85676 0.53095 0.0088491 807.8940 33.66216 0.56104 0.0093506 1,615.7880 67.32360

cubic yards per second barrels per day barrels per hour barrels per minute barrels per second hektoliters per day hektoliters per hour hektoliters per minute hektoliters per second cubic feet per day cubic feet per hour cubic feet per minute cubic feet per second dekaliters per day dekaliters per hour dekaliters per minute dekaliters per second gallons per day gallons per hour gallons per minute gallons per second gallons (Imperial) per day gallons (Imperial) per hour gallons (Imperial) per minute gallons (Imperial) per second liters per day liters per hour liters per minute liters per second cubic decimeters per day cubic decimeters per hour cubic decimeters per minute cubic decimeters per second quarts per day quarts per hour quarts per minute quarts per second pints per day pints per hour

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR 1.12206 0.018701 6,463.152 269.2980 4.48830 0.074805 7,645.5945 318.56760 5.30946 0.088491 46,656 1,944.0 32.40 0.5400 76,455.945 3,185.6760 53.09460 0.88491 764,559.45 31,856.760 530.946 8.84907 764,559.45 31,856.760 530.946 8.84907 764,559,450 31,856,760 530,946 8,849.07

pints per minute pints per second gills per day gills per hour gills per minute gills per second deciliters per day deciliters per hour deciliters per minute deciliters per second cubic inches per day cubic inches per hour cubic inches per minute cubic inches per second centiliters per day centiliters per hour centiliters per minute centiliters per second milliliters per day milliliters per hour milliliters per minute milliliters per second cubic centimeters per day cubic centimeters per hour cubic centimeters per minute cubic centimeters per second cubic millimeters per day cubic millimeters per hour cubic millimeters per minute cubic millimeters per second

CUBIC YARD PER HOUR: = 18.34963 0.76456 0.012743 0.00021238 18.34963

kiloliters per day kiloliters per hour kiloliters per minute kiloliters per second cubic meters per day

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Universal Conversion Factors

0.76456 0.012743 0.00021238 24.0 1.0 0.016667 0.00027778 115.41312 4.80897 0.080148 0.0013358 183.49632 7.64559 0.12743 0.0021238 648.0 27.0 0.450 0.00750 1,834.9632 76.45595 1.27428 0.021238 4,847.3856 201.97350 3.36624 0.056104 4,036.34880 168.18003 2.80302 0.046717 18,349.632 764.55945 12.7428 0.21238 18,349.632 764.55945 12.7428 0.21238

cubic meters per hour cubic meters per minute cubic meters per second cubic yards per day cubic yards per hour cubic yards per minute cubic yards per second barrels per day barrels per hour barrels per minute barrels per second hektoliters per day hektoliters per hour hektoliters per minute hektoliters per second cubic feet per day cubic feet per hour cubic feet per minute cubic feet per second dekaliters per day dekaliters per hour dekaliters per minute dekaliters per second gallons per day gallons per hour gallons per minute gallons per second gallons (Imperial) per day gallons (Imperial) per hour gallons (Imperial) per minute gallons (Imperial) per second liters per day liters per hour liters per minute liters per second cubic decimeters per day cubic decimeters per hour cubic decimeters per minute cubic decimeters per second

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR 19,389.8880 807.8940 13.4652 0.22442 38,778.9120 1,615.7780 26.92980 0.44883 155,115.648 6,463.152 107.7192 1.79532 183,496.32 7,645.5945 127.428 2.12378 1,119,744 46,656 777.6 12.960 1,834,963.2 76,455.945 1,274.28 21.23776 18,349,632 764,559.45 12,742.8 212.37763 18,349,632 764,559.45 12,742.8 212.37763 18,349,632,000 764,559,450 12,742,800 212,377.63

quarts per day quarts per hour quarts per minute quarts per second pints per day pints per hour pints per minute pints per second gills per day gills per hour gills per minute gills per second deciliters per day deciliters per hour deciliters per minute deciliters per second cubic inches per day cubic inches per hour cubic inches per minute cubic inches per second centiliters per day centiliters per hour centiliters per minute centiliters per second milliliters per day milliliters per hour milliliters per minute milliliters per second cubic centimeters per day cubic centimeters per hour cubic centimeters per minute cubic centimeters per second cubic millimeters per day cubic millimeters per hour cubic millimeters per minute cubic millimeters per second

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Universal Conversion Factors

CUBIC YARD PER MINUTE: = 1,100.96640 45.87360 0.76456 0.012743 1,100.96640 45.87360 0.76456 0.012743 1,440 60 1.0 0.016667 6,924.960 288.540 4.80897 0.080150 11,009.66399 458.73560 7.64559 0.12743 38,880 1,620 27.0 0.450 110,096.633994 4,587.3600 76.45595 1.27427 290,842.2720 12,118.4280 201.97350 3.36623 242,179.20 10,090.80 168.18003 2.80300 1,100,966.39942

kiloliters per day kiloliters per hour kiloliters per minute kiloliters per second cubic meters per day cubic meters per hour cubic meters per minute cubic meters per second cubic yards per day cubic yards per hour cubic yards per minute cubic yards per second barrels per day barrels per hour barrels per minute barrels per second hektoliters per day hektoliters per hour hektoliters per minute hektoliters per second cubic feet per day cubic feet per hour cubic feet per minute cubic feet per second dekaliters per day dekaliters per hour dekaliters per minute dekaliters per second gallons per day gallons per hour gallons per minute gallons per second gallons (Imperial) per day gallons (Imperial) per hour gallons (Imperial) per minute gallons (Imperial) per second liters per day

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR 45,873.59998 764.55945 12.74267 1,100,966.39942 45,873.59998 764.55945 12.74267 1,163,367.36 48,473.64 807.8940 13.4649 2,326,734.72 96,947.28 1,615.7880 26.9298 9,306,938.88 387,789.12 6,463.152 107.71920 11,009,663.99424 458,735.99976 7,645.5945 127.42667 67,184,640 2,799,360.0 46,656.0 777.6 110,096,639.9424 4,587,359.9976 76,455.945 1,274.26667 1,100,966,399.424 45,873,599.976 764,559.45 12,742.66667 1,100,966,399.424 45,873,599.976 764,559.45 12,742.66667

liters per hour liters per minute liters per second cubic decimeters per day cubic decimeters per hour cubic decimeters per minute cubic decimeters per second quarts per day quarts per hour quarts per minute quarts per second pints per day pints per hour pints per minute pints per second gills per day gills per hour gills per minute gills per second deciliters per day deciliters per hour deciliters per minute deciliters per second cubic inches per day cubic inches per hour cubic inches per minute cubic inches per second centiliters per day centiliters per hour centiliters per minute centiliters per second milliliters per day milliliters per hour milliliters per minute milliliters per second cubic centimeters per day cubic centimeters per hour cubic centimeters per minute cubic centimeters per second

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Universal Conversion Factors

1,100,966,399,424 45,873,599,976 764,559,450 12,742.66667

cubic millimeters per day cubic millimeters per hour cubic millimeters per minute cubic millimeters per second

CUBIC YARD PER SECOND: = 66,057.93648 2,752.41402 45.87357 0.76456 66,057.93648 2,752.41402 45.87357 0.76456 86,400 3,600 60.0 1.0 415,495.008 17,312.2920 288.53820 4.80897 660,579.3648 27,524.1402 458.73567 7.64559 2,332,800 97,200 1,620 27 6,605,793.648 275,241.402 4,587.3567 76.45595 17,450,510.40 727,104.60 12,118.410

kiloliters per day kiloliters per hour kiloliters per minute kiloliters per second cubic meters per day cubic meters per hour cubic meters per minute cubic meters per second cubic yards per day cubic yards per hour cubic yards per minute cubic yards per second barrels per day barrels per hour barrels per minute barrels per second hektoliters per day hektoliters per hour hektoliters per minute hektoliters per second cubic feet per day cubic feet per hour cubic feet per minute cubic feet per second dekaliters per day dekaliters per hour dekaliters per minute dekaliters per second gallons per day gallons per hour gallons per minute

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR 201.97350 14,530,754.5920 605,448.1080 10,090.80180 168.18003 66,057,936.48 2,752,414.02 45,873.567 764.55945 66,057,936.48 2,752,414.02 45,873.567 764.55945 69,802,041.6 2,908,418.40 48,473.640 807.8940 139,604,083.2 5,816,836.8 96,947.280 1,615.7880 558,416,332.8 23,267,347.20 387,789.120 6,463.152 660,579,364.8 27,524,140.2 458,735.67 7,645.5945 4,031,078,400 167,961,600 2,799,360 46,656 6,605,793,648 275,241,402 4,587,356.7 76,445.945 66,057,936,480 2,752,414,020

gallons per second gallons (Imperial) per day gallons (Imperial) per hour gallons (Imperial) per minute gallons (Imperial) per second liters per day liters per hour liters per minute liters per second cubic decimeters per day cubic decimeters per hour cubic decimeters per minute cubic decimeters per second quarts per day quarts per hour quarts per minute quarts per second pints per day pints per hour pints per minute pints per second gills per day gills per hour gills per minute gills per second deciliters per day deciliters per hour deciliters per minute deciliters per second cubic inches per day cubic inches per hour cubic inches per minute cubic inches per second centiliters per day centiliters per hour centiliters per minute centiliters per second milliliters per day milliliters per hour

D&D univ conv factors 10/23/01 3:28 PM Page 101

Universal Conversion Factors

45,873,567 764,559.45 66,057,936,480 2,752,414,020 45,873,565 764,579.45 66,057,936,480,000 2,752,414,020,000 45,873,565,000 764,559,450

milliliters per minute milliliters per second cubic centimeters per day cubic centimeters per hour cubic centimeters per minute cubic centimeters per second cubic millimeters per day cubic millimeters per hour cubic millimeters per minute cubic millimeters per second

DECIGRAM: = 0.0000001102311150 0.0000000984206383 0.0000001 0.0001 0.000267922895 0.00022046223 0.001 0.01 0.00321507 0.00352739568 0.1 10 100 1.543236 0.0257205 0.05643833088 0.5

tons (short) tons (long) tons (metric) kilograms pounds (Troy) pounds (Avoir.) hektograms dekagrams ounces (Troy) ounces (Avoir.) grams centigrams milligrams grains drams (Troy) drams (Avoir.) carats (metric)

DECILITER: = 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001308 0.00062900 0.001 0.0028380

kiloliters cubic meters cubic yards barrels hektoliters bushels–U.S. (dry)

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR 0.0027513 0.0035316 0.01 0.011352 0.026418 0.022706 0.021997 0.10567 0.090816 0.1 0.1 0.18163 0.21134 0.84536 6.1025 1.0 100 100 100,000 3.38147 27.05179

bushels (Imperial) dry cubic feet dekaliters pecks gallons (U.S.) liquid gallons (U.S.) dry gallons (Imperial) quarts (liquid) quarts (dry) liters cubic decimeters pints (dry) pints (liquid) gills (liquid) cubic inches centiliters milliliters cubic centimeters cubic millimeters ounces (fluid) drams (fluid)

DECIMETER: = 0.000062137 0.0001 0.00049710 0.001 0.0049710 0.01 0.019884 0.1 0.10935 0.11811 0.3280833 0.43744 0.49710 0.98425

miles kilometers furlongs hektometers chains dekameters rods meters yards varas (Texas) feet spans links hands

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Universal Conversion Factors

1 10 3.93700 100 3,937 100,000 100,000,000 100,000,000 155,316 100,000,000,000

decimeter centimeters inches millimeters mils microns milli microns micro millimeters wave lengths of red line of cium Angstrom Units

DEGREE (ANGLE): = 0.0027778 0.0027778 0.01111 0.017453 1 60 3,600

circumferences revolutions quadrants radians hours minutes seconds

DEGREE PER DAY: = 0.0027778 0.00011574 0.0000019290 0.000000032150 0.01111 0.00046292 0.0000077154 0.00000012859 0.017453 0.00072720 0.000012120 0.00000020200 1.0 0.041666

revolutions per day revolutions per hour revolutions per minute revolutions per second quadrants per day quadrants per hour quadrants per minute quadrants per second radians per day radians per hour radians per minute radians per second degrees per day degrees per hour

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR 0.00069444 0.000011574 1.0 0.041666 0.00069444 0.000011574 60 2.5 0.041666 0.00069444 3,600 150 2.5 0.041667

degrees per minute degrees per second hours per day hours per hour hours per minute hours per second minutes per day minutes per hour minutes per minute minutes per second seconds per day seconds per hour seconds per minute seconds per second

DEGREE PER HOUR: = 0.066667 0.0027778 0.000046297 0.00000077161 0.26664 0.01111 0.00018517 0.0000030861 0.41888 0.017453 0.00029088 0.0000048481 24 1.0 0.016667 0.00027778 24 1.0 0.016667 0.00027778 1,440

revolutions per day revolutions per hour revolutions per minute revolutions per second quadrants per day quadrants per hour quadrants per minute quadrants per second radians per day radians per hour radians per minute radians per second degrees per day degrees per hour degrees per minute degrees per second hours per day hours per hour hours per minute hours per second minutes per day

D&D univ conv factors 10/23/01 3:28 PM Page 105

Universal Conversion Factors

60 1 0.016667 86,400 3,600 60 1

minutes per hour minutes per minute minutes per second seconds per day seconds per hour seconds per minute seconds per second

DEGREE PER MINUTE: = 4.0 0.16667 0.0027778 0.000046297 15.99869 0.66661 0.01111 0.00018517 25.13203 1.04717 0.017453 0.00029088 1,440 60 1.0 0.016667 1,440 60 1.0 0.016667 86,400 3,600 60 1 5,184,000 216,000 3,600 60

revolutions per day revolutions per hour revolutions per minute revolutions per second quadrants per day quadrants per hour quadrants per minute quadrants per second radians per day radians per hour radians per minute radians per second degrees per day degrees per hour degrees per minute degrees per second hours per day hours per hour hours per minute hours per second minutes per day minutes per hour minutes per minute minutes per second seconds per day seconds per hour seconds per minute seconds per second

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR DEGREE PER SECOND: = 240 10 0.16667 0.0027778 959.904 39.9960 0.6666 0.01111 1,507.9392 62.83080 1.047180 0.017453 86,400 3,600 60 1.0 86,400 3,600 60 1.0 5,184,000 216,000 3,600 60 311,040,000 12,960,000 216,000 3,600

revolutions per day revolutions per hour revolutions per minute revolutions per second quadrants per day quadrants per hour quadrants per minute quadrants per second radians per day radians per hour radians per minute radians per second degrees per day degrees per hour degrees per minute degrees per second hours per day hours per hour hours per minute hours per second minutes per day minutes per hour minutes per minute minutes per second seconds per day seconds per hour seconds per minute seconds per second

DEKAGRAM: = 0.00000984206383 0.00001 0.0000110231115 0.01 0.022046223 0.0267922895 0.1

tons (long) tons (metric) tons (short) kilograms pounds (Avoir.) pounds (Troy) hektograms

D&D univ conv factors 10/23/01 3:28 PM Page 107

Universal Conversion Factors

0.321507 0.352739568 2.572053 5.6438330880 6.430149 7.71618 10 100 154.3234765625 1,000 10,000 50

ounces (Troy) ounces (Avoir.) drams (Troy) drams (Avoir.) pennyweights scruples grams decigrams grains centigrams milligrams carats (metric)

DEKALITER: = 0.01 0.01 0.01308 0.06290 0.1 0.28380 0.27513 0.35316 1.1352 2.6418 2.2706 2.1997 10.567 9.0816 10 10 18.163 21.134 84.536 100 610.25 1,000 10,000

kiloliters cubic meters cubic yards barrels hektoliters bushels–U.S. (dry) bushels (Imperial) dry cubic feet pecks gallons (U.S.) liquid gallons (U.S.) dry gallons (Imperial) quarts (liquid) quarts (dry) liters cubic decimeters pints (dry) pints (liquid) gills (liquid) deciliters cubic inches centiliters milliliters

D&D univ conv factors 10/23/01 3:28 PM Page 108

D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR 10,000 100,000,000 338.147 2,705.179

cubic centimeters cubic millimeters ounces (fluid) drams (fluid)

DEKAMETER: = 0.0062137 miles 0.01 kilometers 0.049710 furlongs 0.1 hektometers 0.49710 chains 1.0 dekameters 1.98838 rods 10 meters 10.935 yards 11.811 varas (Texas) 32.80830 feet 43.744 spans 49.710 links 98.425 hands 100 decimeters 1000 centimeters 393.70 inches 10,000 millimeters 393,700 mils 10,000,000 microns 10,000,000,000 milli microns 10,000,000,000 micro millimeters 15,531,595 wave lengths of red line of cium Angstrom Units 10,000,000,000 x 103

DRAM (AVOIRDUPOIS): = 0.0000017439 0.0000017718 0.0000019531

tons (long) tons (metric) tons (short)

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Universal Conversion Factors

0.001771845 0.00390625 0.0047471788 0.01771845 0.1771845 0.056966146 0.0625 0.4557292 1.139323 1.3671875 1.771845 17.71845 27.34375 177.1845 1,771.845 8.85923

kilograms Pounds (Avoir.) pounds (Troy) hektograms dekagrams ounces (Troy) ounces (Avoir.) drams (troy) pennyweights scruples grams decigrams grains centigrams milligrams carats (metric)

DRAM (FLUID): = 0.0000036966 0.0000036966 0.0000048352 0.000023252 0.000036966 0.00013055 0.00036966 0.00097658 0.00081318 0.00390625 0.0036966 0.0036966 0.0078125 0.03125 0.036966 0.225586 0.36966 3.69661 3.69661

kiloliters cubic meters cubic yards barrels hektoliters cubic feet dekaliters gallons (U.S. ) liquid gallons (Imperial) liquid quarts (liquid) liters cubic decimeters pints (liquid) gills (liquid) deciliters cubic inches centiliters milliliters cubic centiliters

D&D univ conv factors 10/24/01 10:56 AM Page 110

D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR 3,696.61 0.125 60

cubic millimeters ounces (fluid) minims

DRAM (TROY OR APOTHECARY): = 0.0000038265308 0.0000038879351 0.0000042857145 0.0038879351 0.008571429 0.010416667 0.038879351 0.38879351 0.12500 0.1371429 2.194286 2.50 3.0 3.8879351 38.879351 60.0 388.79351 3,887.9351 19.43968

tons (long) tons (metric) tons (short) kilograms pounds (Avoir.) pounds (Troy) hektograms dekagrams ounces (Troy) ounces (Avoir.) drams (Avoir.) pennyweights scruples grams decigrams grains centigrams milligrams carats (metric)

FOOT (OR ENGINEER’S LINK): = 0.0001893939 0.0003048006 0.00151515 0.003048006 0.0151515 0.03048006 0.0606061

miles kilometers furlongs hektometers chains dekameters rods

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Universal Conversion Factors

0.3048006 0.33333 0.3600 1.33333 1.515152 3.00 3.048006 30.48006 12 304.8006 12,000 304,801 304,801,200 304,801,200 473,404 3,048,012,000

meters yards varas (Texas) spans links hands decimeters centimeters inches millimeters mils microns milli microns micro millimeters wave lengths of red line of cium Angstrom Units

FOOT PER DAY: = 0.0001893939 0.0000078914 0.00000013152 0.0000000021921 0.0003048006 0.0000127 0.00000021167 0.0000000035278 0.00151515 0.000063131 0.0000010522 0.000000017536 0.003048006 0.000127 0.0000021167 0.000000035278 0.0151515 0.00063131 0.000010522

miles per day miles per hour miles per minute miles per second kilometers per day kilometers per hour kilometers per minute kilometers per second furlongs per day furlongs per hour furlongs per minute furlongs per second hektometers per day hektometers per hour hektometers per minute hektometers per second chains per day chains per hour chains per minute

D&D univ conv factors 10/23/01 3:28 PM Page 112

D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR 0.00000017536 0.03048006 0.00127 0.000021167 0.00000035278 0.0606061 0.0025253 0.000042088 0.00000070146 0.3048006 0.0127 0.00021167 0.0000035278 0.33333 0.013889 0.00023148 0.0000038580 0.3600 0.015 0.00025 0.0000041667 1.0 0.041667 0.00069444 0.000011574 1.33333 0.055556 0.00092593 0.000015432 1.515152 0.063131 0.0010522 0.000017536 3.00 0.125 0.0020833 0.000034722 3.048006 0.127

chains per second dekameters per day dekameters per hour dekameters per minute dekameters per second rods per day rods per hour rods per minute rods per second meters per day meters per hour meters per minute meters per second yards per day yards per hour yards per minute yards per second varas (Texas) per day varas (Texas) per hour varas (Texas) per minute varas (Texas) per second feet per day feet per hour feet per minute feet per second spans per day spans per hour spans per minute spans per second links per day links per hour links per minute links per second hands per day hands per hour hands per minute hands per second decimeters per day decimeters per hour

D&D univ conv factors 10/23/01 3:28 PM Page 113

Universal Conversion Factors

0.0021167 0.000035278 30.48006 1.270 0.021167 0.00035278 12.0 0.50 0.0083333 0.00013889 304.8006 12.70004 0.21167 0.0035278

decimeters per minute decimeters per second centimeters per day centimeters per hour centimeters per minute centimeters per second inches per day inches per hour inches per minute inches per second millimeters per day millimeters per hour millimeters per minute millimeters per second

FOOT PER HOUR: = 0.0045455 0.0001893939 0.0000031566 0.000000052609 0.0073152 0.0003048006 0.00000508 0.000000084667 0.036364 0.00151515 0.000025253 0.00000042088 0.073152 0.003048006 0.0000508 0.00000084667 0.36364 0.0151515 0.00025253 0.0000042088 0.73152

miles per day miles per hour miles per minute miles per second kilometers per day kilometers per hour kilometers per minute kilometers per second furlongs per day furlongs per hour furlongs per minute furlongs per second hektometers per day hektometers per hour hektometers per minute hektometers per second chains per day chains per hour chains per minute chains per second dekameters per day

D&D univ conv factors 10/23/01 3:28 PM Page 114

D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR 0.03048006 0.000508 0.0000084667 1.45456 0.0606061 0.00101010 0.000016835 7.31521 0.3048006 0.00508 0.000084667 8.0000 0.33333 0.0055556 0.000092593 8.640 0.3600 0.006 0.0001 24.0 1.0 0.016667 0.00027778 32.000 1.33333 0.022222 0.00037037 36.36364 1.51515 0.025253 0.00042088 72.0 3.0 0.05000 0.00083333 73.15214 3.048006 0.0508 0.00084667

dekameters per hour dekameters per minute dekameters per second hour rods per day rods per hour rods per minute rods per second meters per day meters per hour meters per minute meters per second yards per day yards per hour yards per minute yards per second varas (Texas) per day varas (Texas) per hour varas (Texas) per minute varas (Texas) per second feet per day feet per hour feet per minute feet per seconds spans per day spans per hour spans per minute spans per second links per day links per hour links per minute links per second hands per day hands per hour hands per minute hands per second decimeters per day decimeters per hour decimeters per minute decimeters per second

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Universal Conversion Factors

731.52144 30.48006 0.5080 0.0084667 288.0 12.0 0.200 0.0033333 7,315.21440 304.8006 5.080 0.084667

centimeters per day centimeters per hour centimeters per minute centimeters per second inches per day inches per hour inches per minute inches per second millimeters per day millimeters per hour millimeters per minute millimeters per second

FOOT PER MINUTE: = 0.27273 0.011364 0.0001893939 0.0000031566 0.43891 0.018288 0.0003048006 0.00000508 2.18182 0.090909 0.0015151 0.000025253 4.38913 0.18288 0.003048006 0.0000508 21.81818 0.90909 0.015151 0.00025253 43.89129 1.82880 0.03048006

miles per day miles per hour miles per minute miles per second kilometers per day kilometers per hour kilometers per minute kilometers per second furlongs per day furlongs per hours furlongs per minute furlongs per second hektometers per day hektometers per hour hektometers per minute hektometers per second chains per day chains per hour chains per minute chains per second dekameters per day dekameters per hour dekameters per minute

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR 0.000508 87.27273 3.63636 0.0606061 0.0010101 438.91286 18.28804 0.3048006 0.00508 480.0 20.0 0.33333 0.0055556 518.400 21.60 0.3600 0.0060000 1,440.0 60.0 1.0 0.016667 1,920 80.0 1.33333 0.022222 2,181.81818 90.90909 1.51515 0.025253 4,320 180.0 3.0 0.050000 4,389.12864 182.88036 3.048006 0.050800 43,891.2864 1,828.80360

dekameters per second rods per day rods per hour rods per minute rods per second meters per day meters per hour meters per minute meters per second yards per day yards per hour yards per minute yards per second varas (Texas) per day varas (Texas) per hour varas (Texas) per minute varas (Texas) per second feet per day feet per hour feet per minute feet per seconds spans per day spans per hour spans per minute spans per second links per day links per hours links per minutes links per second hands per day hands per hour hands per minutes hands per second decimeters per day decimeters per hour decimeters per minute decimeters per second centimeters per day centimeters per hour

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Universal Conversion Factors

30.48006 0.50800 17,280 720 12.0 0.20000 438,912.864 18,288.0360 304.8006 5.08001

centimeters per minute centimeters per second inches per day inches per hour inches per minute inches per second millimeters per day millimeters per hour millimeters per minute millimeters per second

FOOT PER SECOND: = 16.36363 0.68182 0.011364 0.0001893939 26.33477 1.097282 0.018288 0.0003048006 130.90909 5.45455 0.090909 0.0015151 263.34772 10.97282 0.18288 0.003048006 1,309.09090 54.54545 0.90909 0.015151 2,633.47718 109.72823 1.82880 0.03048006 5,236.36364

miles per day miles per hour miles per minute miles per second kilometers per day kilometers per hour kilometers per minutes kilometers per second furlongs per day furlongs per hour furlongs per minute furlongs per second hektometers per day hektometers per hour hektometers per minute hektometers per second chains per day chains per hour chains per minute chains per second dekameters per day dekameters per hour dekameters per minute dekameters per second hour rods per day

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR 218.18182 3.63636 0.0606061 26,334.77184 1,097.28216 18.28804 0.3048006 28,800 1,200 20.0 0.33333 31,104 1,296.0 21.60 0.3600 86,400 3,600 60 1 115,200 4,800 80.0 1.33333 130,909.090909 5,454.54545 90.90909 1.51515 259,200 10,800 180.0 3.0 263,347.7184 10,972.8216 182.88036 3.048006 2,633,477.1840 109,728.2160 1,828.8036 30.48006

rods per hour rods per minute rods per minute meters per day meters per hour meters per minute meters per second yards per day yards per hour yards per minute yards per second varas (Texas) per day varas (Texas) per hour varas (Texas) per minute varas (Texas) per second feet per day feet per hour feet per minute feet per second spans per day spans per hour spans per minute spans per second links per day links per hours links per minutes links per second hands per day hands per hour hands per minutes hands per second decimeters per day decimeters per hour decimeters per minute decimeters per second centimeters per day centimeters per hour centimeters per minute centimeters per second

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Universal Conversion Factors

1,036,800 43,200 720 12 26,334,771.8400 1,097,282.1600 18,288.0360 304.8006

inches per day inches per hour inches per minute inches per second millimeters per day millimeters per hour millimeters per minute millimeters per second

FOOT POUNDS: = 32.174 386.088 1.0 12 0.00000035703 0.00032389 0.00071406 0.0032389 0.032389 0.011425 0.32389 3.2389 32.389 323.89 0.0000000156925 0.00000037662 0.0000225972 0.00135583 0.0000156925 0.00037662 0.0225972 1.35583 0.0015240 0.138255 0.30480 1.38255 13.8255

foot poundals inch poundals foot pounds inch pounds ton (short) calories kilogram calories pound calories hektogram calories dekagram calories ounce calories gram calories decigram calories centigram calories milligram calories kilowatt days kilowatt hours kilowatt minutes kilowatt seconds watt days watt hours watt minutes watt seconds ton meters (short) kilogram meters pound meters hektograms meters dekagram meters

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR 4.8768 138.255 1,382.55 13,825.5 138,255 0.000015240 0.00138255 0.0030480 0.0138255 0.138255 0.048768 1.38255 13.8255 138.255 1,382.55 0.00015240 0.0138255 0.030480 0.138255 1.38255 0.48768 13.8255 138.255 1,382.55 13,825.5 0.0050000 0.45359 1.0 4.53592 45.35916 16 453.59157 4,535.91566 45,359.15664 453,591.56642 0.060000 5.44308 12.0 54.43104

ounce meters gram meters decigram meters centigram meters milligram meters ton hektometers kilogram hektometers pound hektometers hektogram hektometers dekagram hektometers ounce hektometers gram hektometers decigram hektometers centigram hektometers milligram hektometers ton dekameters kilogram dekameters pound dekameters hektogram dekameters dekagram dekameters ounce dekameters gram dekameters decigram dekameters centigram dekameters milligram dekameters ton feet (short) kilogram feet pound feet hektogram feet dekagram feet ounce feet gram feet decigram feet centigram feet milligram feet ton inches kilogram inches pound inches hektogram inches

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Universal Conversion Factors

544.30992 192 5,443.09984 54,430.98792 544,309.87968 5,443,098.7968 0.015240 1.38255 3.0480 13,8255 138.255 48.760 1,382.55 13,825.5 138,255 1,382,550 0.15240 13.8255 30.480 138.255 1,382.55 487.60 13,825.5 138,255 1,382,550 13,825,500 1.5240 138.255 304.80 1,382.55 13,825.5 4,876.0 138,255 1,382,550 13,825,500 138,255,000 0.000013381 0.00013381 0.0013381

dekagram inches ounce inches gram inches decigram inches centigram inches milligram inches ton decimeters kilogram decimeters pound decimeters hektogram decimeters dekagram decimeters ounce decimeters gram decimeters decigram decimeters centigram decimeters milligram decimeters ton centimeters kilogram centimeters pound centimeters hektogram centimeters dekagram centimeters ounce centimeters gram centimeters decigram centimeters centigram centimeters milligram centimeters ton millimeters kilograms millimeters pound millimeters hektogram millimeters dekagram millimeters ounce millimeters gram millimeters decigram millimeters centigram millimeters milligram millimeters kiloliter-atmospheres hektoliter-atmospheres dekaliter-atmospheres

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR 0.013381 liter-atmospheres 0.13381 deciliter-atmospheres 1.3381 centiliter-atmospheres 13.381 milliliter-atmospheres 0.000000000000013381 cubic kilometer-atmospheres 0.000000000013381 cubic hektometer-atmospheres 0.000000013381 cubic dekameter-atmospheres 0.000013381 cubic meter-atmospheres 0.00047253 cubic feet-atmospheres 0.013381 cubic decimeter-atmospheres 13.381 cubic centimeter-atmosphere 13,381 cubic millimeter-atmospheres 1.35582 joules (absolute) 0.00000049814 Cheval-Vapeur hours 0.0000000210438 horsepower day 0.00000050505 horsepower hours 0.0000303030 horsepower minutes 0.00181818 horsepower seconds 0.00000008808 pounds of carbon oxidized with 100% efficiency 0.0000013256 pounds of water evaporated from and at 212° F. 0.0012854 B.T.U. 13,558,200 ergs 13,558,200 centimeters dynes

FOOT POUND PER DAY: = 32.174 1.34058 0.022343 0.00037238 1.0 0.041667 0.00069444 0.000011574 0.00032389 0.000013495

foot poundals per day foot poundals per hour foot poundals per minute foot poundals per second foot pounds per day foot pounds per hour foot pounds per minute foot pounds per second kilogram calories per day kilogram calories per hour

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Universal Conversion Factors

0.00000022492 0.0000000037487 0.011425 0.00047604 0.0000079340 0.00000013223 0.138255 0.0057606 0.00009601 0.0000016002 0.013381 0.00055754 0.0000092924 0.00000015487 0.00047253 0.000019689 0.00000032815 0.0000000054691 0.000000021333 0.000000021044 0.000000015692 0.000015692 1.35582 0.056492 0.00094154 0.000015692 0.00000008808

kilogram calories per minute kilogram calories per second ounce calories per day ounce calories per hour ounce calories per minute ounce calories per second kilogram meters per day kilogram meters per hour kilogram meters per minute kilogram meters per second liter-atmospheres per day liter-atmospheres per hour liter-atmospheres per minute liter-atmospheres per second cubic foot-atmospheres per day cubic foot-atmospheres per hour cubic foot-atmospheres per minute cubic foot-atmospheres per second Cheval-Vapeurs horsepower kilowatts watts joules per day joules per hour joules per minute joules per second pounds of carbon oxidized with perfect efficiency per day 0.0000000036700 pounds of carbon oxidized with perfect efficiency per hour 0.0000000000611667 pounds of carbon oxidized with perfect efficiency per minute 0.0000000000010194 pounds of carbon oxidized with perfect efficiency per second 0.0000013256 pounds of water evaporated from and at 212° F. per day 0.000000055233 pounds of water evaporated from and at 212° F. per hour

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR 0.00000000092056 0.000000000015343 0.0012584 0.000053558 0.00000089264 0.000000014877

pounds of water evaporated from and at 212° F. per minute pounds of water evaporated from and at 212° F. per second BTU per day BTU per hour BTU per minute BTU per second

FOOT POUND PER HOUR: = 722.1760 32.174 0.53623 0.0089372 24.0 1.0 0.016667 0.00027778 0.0077734 0.00032389 0.0000053982 0.000000089969 0.2742 0.0011425 0.00019042 0.0000031736 3.31812 0.138255 0.0023042 0.000038404 0.32114 0.013381 0.00022302 0.0000037169 0.011341 0.00047253 0.0000078755 0.00000013126 0.0000005120

foot poundals per day foot poundals per hour foot poundals per minute foot poundals per second foot pounds per day foot pounds per hour foot pounds per minute foot pounds per second kilogram calories per day kilogram calories per hour kilogram calories per minute kilogram calories per second ounce calories per day ounce calories per hour ounce calories per minute ounce calories per second kilogram meters per day kilogram meters per hour kilogram meters per minute kilogram meters per second liter-atmospheres per day liter-atmospheres per hour liter-atmospheres per minute liter-atmospheres per second cubic foot-atmospheres per day cubic foot-atmospheres per hour cubic foot-atmospheres per minute cubic foot-atmospheres per second Cheval-Vapeurs

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Universal Conversion Factors

0.00000050505 0.00000037661 0.00037661 32.53968 1.35582 0.022597 0.00037662 0.0000021139 0.00000008808 0.0000000014680 0.000000000024467 0.000031814 0.0000013256 0.000000022093 0.00000000036822 0.030850 0.0012854 0.000021423 0.00000035706

horsepower kilowatts watts joules per day joules per hour joules per minute joules per second pounds of carbon oxidized with perfect efficiency per day pounds of carbon oxidized with perfect efficiency per hour pounds of carbon oxidized with perfect efficiency per minute pounds of carbon oxidized with perfect efficiency per second pounds of water evaporated from and at 212° F. per day pounds of water evaporated from and at 212° F. per hour pounds of water evaporated from and at 212° F. per minute pounds of water evaporated from and at 212° F. per second BTU per day BTU per hour BTU per minute BTU per second

FOOT POUND PER MINUTE: = 46,330.56 1,930.44 32.174 0.53623 1,440 60 1.0 0.016667

foot poundals per day foot poundals per hour foot poundals per minute foot poundals per second foot pounds per day foot pounds per hour foot pounds per minute foot pounds per second

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR 0.46640 0.019433 0.00032389 0.0000053982 16.452 0.6855 0.011425 0.00019042 199.0872 8.29530 0.138255 0.0023043 19.26864 0.80286 0.013381 0.00022302 0.68044 0.028352 0.00047253 0.0000078755 0.000030719 0.000030303 0.000022597 0.022597 1,952.3808 81.34920 1.35582 0.022597 0.00012684 0.0000052848 0.00000008808 0.000000001468 0.0019089

kilogram calories per day kilogram calories per hour kilogram calories per minute kilogram calories per second ounce calories per day ounce calories per hour ounce calories per minute ounce calories per second kilogram meters per day kilogram meters per hour kilogram meters per minute kilogram meters per second liter-atmospheres per day liter-atmospheres per hour liter-atmospheres per minute liter-atmospheres per second cubic foot-atmospheres per day cubic foot-atmospheres per hour cubic foot-atmospheres per minute cubic foot-atmospheres per second Cheval-Vapeurs horsepower kilowatts watts joules per day joules per hour joules per minute joules per second pounds of carbon oxidized with perfect efficiency per day pounds of carbon oxidized with perfect efficiency per hour pounds of carbon oxidized with perfect efficiency per minute pounds of carbon oxidized with perfect efficiency per second pounds of water evaporated from and at 212° F. per day

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Universal Conversion Factors

0.000079536 0.0000013256 0.000000022093 1.85098 0.077124 0.0012854 0.000021423

pounds of water evaporated from and at 212° F. per hour pounds of water evaporated from and at 212° F. per minute pounds of water evaporated from and at 212° F. per second BTU per day BTU per hour BTU per minute BTU per second

FOOT POUND PER SECOND: = 2,779,833.6 115,826.40 1,930.440 32.174 86,400 3,600 60 1.0 27.9841 1.1660 0.019433 0.00032389 987.120 41.130 0.68550 0.011425 11,945.2320 497.7180 8.29530 0.138255 1,156.11840 48.17160 0.80286 0.013381 40.82659 1.70111

foot poundals per day foot poundals per hour foot poundals per minute foot poundals per second foot pounds per day foot pounds per hour foot pounds per minute foot pounds per second kilogram calories per day kilogram calories per hour kilogram calories per minute kilogram calories per second ounce calories per day ounce calories per hour ounce calories per minute ounce calories per second kilogram meters per day kilogram meters per hour kilogram meters per minute kilogram meters per second liter-atmospheres per day liter-atmospheres per hour liter-atmospheres per minute liter-atmospheres per second cubic foot-atmospheres per day cubic foot-atmospheres per hour

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR 0.28352 0.00047253 0.0018432 0.0018182 0.0013558 1.35582 117,142.8480 4,880.9520 81.34920 1.35582 0.0076101 0.00031709 0.0000052848 0.00000008808 0.11453 0.0047722 0.000079536 0.0000013256 111.05856 4.62744 0.077124 0.0012854

cubic foot-atmospheres per minute cubic foot-atmospheres per second Cheval-Vapeurs horsepower kilowatts watts joules per day joules per hour joules per minute joules per second pounds of carbon oxidized with perfect efficiency per day pounds of carbon oxidized with perfect efficiency per hour pounds of carbon oxidized with perfect efficiency per minute pounds of carbon oxidized with perfect efficiency per second pounds of water evaporated from and at 212° F. per day pounds of water evaporated from and at 212° F. per hour pounds of water evaporated from and at 212° F. per minute pounds of water evaporated from and at 212° F. per second BTU per day BTU per hour BTU per minute BTU per second

FOOT OF WATER AT 60° F: = 0.00304801 0.0304801 0.304801 1.0 12

hektometers of water @ 60° F. dekameters of water @ 60° F. meters of water @ 60° F. feet of water @ 60° F. inches of water @ 60° F.

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Universal Conversion Factors

3.04801 30.4801 304.801 0.002240 0.02240 0.2240 0.73491 8.81888 0.882612 2.240 22.40 224.0 3,359.85556 33.59856 0.33599 0.031214 0.00021677 0.0033599 0.000033599 0.00000033599 3,048,010 30,480.1 304.801 28.31705 0.19665 3.04801 0.0304801 0.000304801 6,719,721.9 67,197.2 671.97219 62.42832 0.433530 6.71972 0.067197 0.00067197 30,480,100 304,801 3,048.01

decimeters of water @ 60° F. centimeters of water @ 60° F. millimeters of water @ 60° F. hektometers of mercury @ 32° F. dekameters of mercury @ 32° F meters of mercury @ 32° F feet of mercury @ 32° F ounces of mercury @ 32° F inches of mercury @ 32° F decimeters of mercury @ 32° F centimeters of mercury @ 32° F millimeters of mercury @ 32° F tons per square hektometer tons per square dekameter tons per square meter tons per square foot tons per square inch tons per square decimeter tons per square centimeter tons per square millimeter kilograms per square hektometer kilograms per square dekameter kilograms per square meter kilograms per square foot kilograms per square inch kilograms per square decimeter kilograms per square centimeter kilograms per square millimeter pounds per square hektometer pounds per square dekameter pounds per square meter pounds per square foot pounds per square inch pounds per square decimeter pounds per square centimeter pounds per square millimeter hektograms per square hektometer hektograms per square dekameter hektograms per square meter

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR 283.1705 1.9665 30.4801 0.304801 0.00304801 304,801,000 3,048,010 30,480.1 2,831.705 19.665 304.801 3.04801 0.0304801 107,515,550.4 1,075,155.504 10,751.55504 998.85312 6.93648 107.51556 1.075156 0.0107516 3,048,010,000 30,480,100 304,801 28,317.05 196.65 3,048.01 30.4801 0.304801 30,480,100,000 304,801,000 3,048,010 283,170.5 1,966.5 30,480.1 304.801 3.04801 304,801,000,000 3,048,010,000

hektograms per square foot hektograms per square inch hektograms per square decimeter hektograms per square centimeter hektograms per square millimeter dekagrams per square hektometer dekagrams per square dekameter dekagrams per square meter dekagrams per square foot dekagrams per square inch dekagrams per square decimeter dekagrams per square centimeter dekagrams per square millimeter ounces per square hektometer ounces per square dekameter ounces per square meter ounces per square foot ounces per square inch ounces per square decimeter ounces per square centimeter ounces per square millimeter grams per square hektometer grams per square dekameter grams per square meter grams per square foot grams per square inch grams per square decimeter grams per square centimeter grams per square millimeter decigrams per square hektometer decigrams per square dekameter decigrams per square meter decigrams per square foot decigrams per square inch decigrams per square decimeter decigrams per square centimeter decigrams per square millimeter centigrams per square hektometer centigrams per square dekameter

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Universal Conversion Factors

30,480,100 centigrams per square meter 2,831,705 centigrams per square foot 19,665 centigrams per square inch 304,801 centigrams per square decimeter 3,048.01 centigrams per square centimeter 30.4801 centigrams per square millimeter 3,048,010,000,000 milligrams per square hektometer 30,480,100,000 milligrams per square dekameter 304,801,000 milligrams per square meter 28,317,050 milligrams per square foot 196,650 milligrams per square inch 3,048,010 milligrams per square decimeter 30,480.1 milligrams per square centimeter 304.801 milligrams per square millimeter 0.029889 bars 0.0294979 atmospheres 821.2 feet of air @ 62° F. and 29.92 barometer pressure 2,988,874,717,500 dynes per square hektometer 29,888,747,175 dynes per square dekameter 298,887,471.75 dynes per square meter 27,767,658.99497 dynes per square foot 192,830.60410 dynes per square inch 2,988,874.7175 dynes per square decimeter 29,888.74718 dynes per square centimeter 298.88747 dynes per square millimeter

GALLON (DRY): = 0.00044040 0.00044040 0.0057601 0.027701 0.0044040 0.12497 0.12116 0.15553 0.44040 1.16342

kiloliters cubic meters cubic yards barrels hektoliters bushels–U.S. (dry) bushels–Imperial (dry) cubic feet dekaliters gallons–U.S. (liquid)

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR 1 0.96874 4.65368 4 4.4040 4.4040 9.30736 37.22943 44.04010 268.75 440.40097 4,404.00974 4,404.00974 4.404,009.74 0.14139 71,481 148.91775 1,191.34199 0.0043301 0.0043996 0.0048498 4.40005 9.69943 11.78750 44.00054111 440.0054111 141.45004 155.19091 1,131.60029 2,483.05454 2,829.00071 3,394.80086 4,400.054111 44,000.54111 67,896.022703 440,005.41110 4,400,054.1197

gallons–U.S. (dry) gallons–Imperial quarts (liquid) quarts (dry) liters cubic dekameters pints (fluid) gills (fluid) dekaliters cubic inches centiliters milliliters cubic centimeters cubic millimeters sacks of cement minims ounces (fluid) drams (fluid) tons (long) of water @ 62° F. tons (metric) of water @ 62° F. tons (short) of water @ 62° F. kilograms of water @ 62° F. pounds (Avoir) of water @ 62° F. pounds (Troy) of water @ 62° F. hektograms dekagrams ounces (Troy) of water @ 62° F. ounces (Avoir.) of water @ 62° F. drams (Troy) of water @ 62° F. drams (Avoir.) of water @ 62° F. pennyweights of water @ 62° F. scruples (Avoir.) of water @ 62° F. grams of water @ 62° F. dekagrams of water @ 62° F. grains of water @ 62° F. centigrams of water @ 62° F. milligrams of water @ 62° F.

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Universal Conversion Factors

GALLON (IMPERIAL): = 0.00045460 0.00045460 0.0059459 0.028594 0.045460 0.12900 0.125066 0.16054 0.45460 1.20094 1.032184 1 4.80376 4.12820 4.54596 4.54596 9.60752 38.43008 45.4596 277.41714 454.596 4,545.96 4,545.96 4,545,960 0.14595 73,785.7536 153.72032 1,299.76256 0.0044698 0.0045415 0.0050061 4.54196 10.012237 12.16765 45.41955 454.19551 146.011774

kiloliters cubic meters cubic yards barrels hektoliters bushels–U.S. (dry) bushels–Imperial (dry) cubic feet dekaliters gallons–U.S. (liquid) gallons–U.S. (dry) gallons–Imperial quarts (liquid) quarts (dry) liters cubic decimeters pints (liquid) gills (liquid) deciliters cubic inches centiliters milliliters cubic centimeters cubic millimeters sacks of cement minims ounces (fluid) drams (fluid) tons (long) of water @ 62° F. tons (metric) of water @ 62° F. tons (short) of water @ 62° F. kilograms of water @ 62° F. pounds (Avoir) of water @ 62° F. pounds (Troy) of water @ 62° F. hektograms of water @ 62° F. dekagrams of water @ 62° F. ounces (Troy) of water @ 62° F.

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR 160.19579 1,168.094195 2,563.13262 2,902.23549 3,504.28258 4,541.95508 45,419.5508 70,085.65746 454,195.508 4,541,955.08

ounces (Avoir.) of water @ 62° F. drams (Troy) of water @ 62° F. drams (Avoir.) of water @ 62° F. pennyweights of water @ 62° F. scruples of water @ 62° F. grams of water @ 62° F. dekagrams of water @ 62° F. grains of water @ 62° F. centigrams of water @ 62° F. milligrams of water @ 62° F.

GALLON (LIQUID): = 0.0037854 0.0037854 0.004951 0.0238095 0.037854 0.10742 0.10414 0.133681 0.37854 1 0.85948 0.83268 4 3.43747 3.78554 3.78554 8 32 37.8544 231 378.544 3,785.44 3,785.44 3,785,440 0.12153

kiloliters cubic meters cubic yards barrels hektoliters bushels–U.S. (dry) bushels–Imperial (dry) cubic feet dekaliters gallons–U.S. (liquid) gallons–U.S. (dry) gallons–Imperial quarts (liquid) quarts (dry) liters cubic dekameters pints (liquid) gills (liquid) deciliters cubic inches centiliters milliliters cubic centimeters cubic millimeters sacks of cement

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Universal Conversion Factors

61,440 128 1,024 0.0037219 0.0037816 0.0041685 3.7820 8.337 10.13177 37.820 378.20 121.58124 133.392 972.64992 2,134.272 2,431.6248 2,917.94976 3,782 37,820 58,359 378,200 3,782,000

minims ounces (fluid) drams (fluid) tons (long) of water @ 62° F. tons (metric) of water @ 62° F. tons (short) of water @ 62° F. kilograms of water @ 62° F. pounds (Avoir) of water @ 62° F. pounds (Troy) of water @ 62° F. hektograms of water @ 62° F. dekagrams of water @ 62° F. ounces (Troy) of water @ 62° F. ounces (Avoir.) of water @ 62° F. drams (Troy) of water @ 62° F. drams (Avoir.) of water @ 62° F. pennyweights of water @ 62° F. scruples (Avoir.) of water @ 62° F. grams of water @ 62° F. dekagrams of water @ 62° F. grains of water @ 62° F. centigrams of water @ 62° F. milligrams of water @ 62° F.

GALLON (U.S.) PER DAY: = 0.00037854 0.000015773 0.00000026288 0.0000000043813 0.00037854 0.000015773 0.00000026288 0.0000000043813 0.004951 0.00020629 0.0000034382 0.000000057303 0.02381

kiloliters per day kiloliters per hour kiloliters per minute kiloliters per second cubic meters per day cubic meters per hour cubic meters per minute cubic meters per second cubic yards per day cubic yards per hour cubic yards per minute cubic yards per second barrels per day

D&D univ conv factors 10/23/01 3:28 PM Page 136

D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR 0.00099208 0.000016535 0.00000027558 0.0037854 0.00015773 0.0000026288 0.000000043813 0.10742 0.0044758 0.000074597 0.0000012433 0.10414 0.00433917 0.0000723194 0.00000120532 0.133681 0.00557002 0.0000928337 0.00000154723 0.378544 0.0157725 0.000262875 0.00000438128 1.0 0.0416667 0.000694444 0.0000115741 0.83268 0.0346950 0.000578250 0.00000963750 3.78544 0.157726 0.00262877 0.0000438128 3.78543 0.157726 0.00262877 0.0000438128

barrels per hour barrels per minute barrels per second hektoliters per day hektoliters per hour hektoliters per minute hektoliters per second bushels–U.S. (dry) per day bushels–U.S. (dry) per hour bushels–U.S. (dry) per minute bushels–U.S. (dry) per second bushels (Imperial) per day bushels (Imperial) per hour bushels (Imperial) per minute bushels (Imperial) per second cubic feet per day cubic feet per hour cubic feet per minute cubic feet per second dekaliters per day dekaliters per hour dekaliters per minute dekaliters per second gallons–U.S. (liquid) per day gallons–U.S. (liquid) per hour gallons–U.S. (liquid) per minute gallons–U.S. (liquid) per second gallons (Imperial) per day gallons (Imperial) per hour gallons (Imperial) per minute gallons (Imperial) per second liters per day liters per hour liters per minute liters per second cubic decimeters per day cubic decimeters per hour cubic decimeters per minute cubic decimeters per second

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Universal Conversion Factors

4.0 0.166667 0.00277778 0.0000462963 8.0 0.333333 0.00555556 0.0000925925 32.0 1.333333 0.0222222 0.000370370 37.8544 1.57726 0.0262877 0.000438128 231.0 9.625 0.160417 0.00267361 378.544 15.772608 0.262877 0.00438128 3,785.44 157.726080 2.628768 0.0438128 3,785.44 157.726080 2.628768 0.0438128 3,785,440 157,726.249920 2,628.770832 43.8128

quarts per day quarts per hour quarts per minute quarts per second pints per day pints per hour pints per minute pints per second gills per day gills per hour gills per minute gills per second deciliters per day deciliters per hour deciliters per minute deciliters per second cubic inches per day cubic inches per hour cubic inches per minute cubic inches per second centiliters per day centiliters per hour centiliters per minute centiliters per second milliliters per day milliliters per hour milliliters per minute milliliters per second cubic centimeters per day cubic centimeters per hour cubic centimeters per minute cubic centimeters per second cubic millimeters per day cubic millimeters per hour cubic millimeters per minute cubic millimeters per second

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR GALLON PER HOUR: = 0.0908506 0.00378544 0.0000630907 0.00000105151 0.0908506 0.00378544 0.0000630907 0.00000105151 0.11882 0.004951 0.000082517 0.0000013753 0.57144 0.0238095 0.00039683 0.0000066139 0.908506 0.0378544 0.000630907 0.0000105151 2.57808 0.10742 0.0017903 0.000029839 2.49936 0.10414 0.0017357 0.000028928 3.20834 0.133681 0.0022280 0.000037134 9.0850560 0.378544 0.00630907 0.000105151 24

kiloliters per day kiloliters per hour kiloliters per minute kiloliters per second cubic meters per day cubic meters per hour cubic meters per minute cubic meters per second cubic yards per day cubic yards per hour cubic yards per minute cubic yards per second barrels per day barrels per hour barrels per minute barrels per second hektoliters per day hektoliters per hour hektoliters per minute hektoliters per second bushels–U.S. (dry) per day bushels–U.S. (dry) per hour bushels–U.S. (dry) per minute bushels–U.S. (dry) per second bushels (Imperial) per day bushels (Imperial) per hour bushels (Imperial) per minute bushels (Imperial) per second cubic feet per day cubic feet per hour cubic feet per minute cubic feet per second dekaliters per day dekaliters per hour dekaliters per minute dekaliters per second gallons per day

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Universal Conversion Factors

1.0 0.016667 0.00027778 19.98432 0.83268 0.013878 0.0002313 90.850560 3.78544 0.0630907 0.00105151 90.850560 3.785440 0.0630907 0.00105151 96 4.0 0.066667 0.0011111 192 8.0 0.13333 0.0022222 768 32.0 0.53333 0.0088889 908.505600 37.854400 0.630907 0.0105151 5,544 231 3.85 0.064167 9,085.055999 378.544000 6.309067 0.105151

gallons per hour gallons per minute gallons per second gallons (Imperial) per day gallons (Imperial) per hour gallons (Imperial) per minute gallons (Imperial) per second liters per day liters per hour liters per minute liters per second cubic decimeters per day cubic decimeters per hour cubic decimeters per minute cubic decimeters per second quarts per day quarts per hour quarts per minute quarts per second pints per day pints per hour pints per minute pints per second gills per day gills per hour gills per minute gills per second deciliters per day deciliters per hour deciliters per minute deciliters per second cubic inches per day cubic inches per hour cubic inches per minute cubic inches per second centiliters per day centiliters per hour centiliters per minute centiliters per second

D&D univ conv factors 10/23/01 3:28 PM Page 140

D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR 90,850.559990 3,785.440 63.090667 1.051511 90,850.559990 3,785.440 63.090667 1.051511 90,850,560 3,785,440 63,090.666660 1,051.511111

milliliters per day milliliters per hour milliliters per minute milliliters per second cubic centimeters per day cubic centimeters per hour cubic centimeters per minute cubic centimeters per second cubic millimeters per day cubic millimeters per hour cubic millimeters per minute cubic millimeters per second

GALLON PER MINUTE: = 5.451034 0.227126 0.00378544 0.0000630907 5.451034 0.227126 0.00378544 0.0000630907 7.129440 0.297060 0.004951 0.0000825167 34.285680 1.428570 0.0238095 0.000396825 54.510336 2.271264 0.0378544 0.000630907 154.6848 6.4452 0.10742

kiloliters per day kiloliters per hour kiloliters per minute kiloliters per second cubic meters per day cubic meters per hour cubic meters per minute cubic meters per second cubic yards per day cubic yards per hour cubic yards per minute cubic yards per second barrels per day barrels per hour barrels per minute barrels per second hektoliters per day hektoliters per hour hektoliters per minute hektoliters per second bushels–U.S. (dry) per day bushels–U.S. (dry) per hour bushels–U.S. (dry) per minute

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Universal Conversion Factors

0.00179033 149.9616 6.2484 0.10414 0.00173567 192.500640 8.020860 0.133681 0.00222802 545.103359 22.712640 0.378544 0.00630907 1,440 60 1.0 0.0166667 1,199.05920 49.960800 0.83268 0.0138780 5,451.033594 227.126400 3.78544 0.0630907 5,451.033594 227.126400 3.78544 0.0630907 5,760 240 4.0 0.0666667 11,520 480 8.0 0.133333 46,080 1,920

bushels–U.S. (dry) per second bushels (Imperial) per day bushels (Imperial) per hour bushels (Imperial) per minute bushels (Imperial) per second cubic feet per day cubic feet per hour cubic feet per minute cubic feet per second dekaliters per day dekaliters per hour dekaliters per minute dekaliters per second gallons per day gallons per hour gallons per minute gallons per second gallons (Imperial) per day gallons (Imperial) per hour gallons (Imperial) per minute gallons (Imperial) per second liters per day liters per hour liters per minute liters per second cubic decimeters per day cubic decimeters per hour cubic decimeters per minute cubic decimeters per second quarts per day quarts per hour quarts per minute quarts per second pints per day pints per hour pints per minute pints per second gills per day gills per hour

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR 32.0 0.533333 54,510.335942 2,271.263998 37.854400 0.630907 332,640 13,860 231.0 3.850 545,103.359424 22,712.639976 378.544000 6.309067 5,451,034 227,126.399760 3,785.440 63.090667 5,451,034 227,126.399760 3,785.440 63.090667 5,451,033,594 227,126,400 3,785,440 63,090.6666

gills per minute gills per second deciliters per day deciliters per hour deciliters per minute deciliters per second cubic inches per day cubic inches per hour cubic inches per minute cubic inches per second centiliters per day centiliters per hour centiliters per minute centiliters per second milliliters per day milliliters per hour milliliters per minute milliliters per second cubic centimeters per day cubic centimeters per hour cubic centimeters per minute cubic centimeters per second cubic millimeters per day cubic millimeters per hour cubic millimeters per minute cubic millimeters per second

GALLON PER SECOND: = 327.062016 13.627584 0.227126 0.00378544 327.062016 13.627584 0.227126 0.00378544 427.766400

kiloliters per day kiloliters per hour kiloliters per minute kiloliters per second cubic meters per day cubic meters per hour cubic meters per minute cubic meters per second cubic yards per day

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Universal Conversion Factors

17.823600 0.297060 0.004951 2,057.140800 85.714200 1.428570 0.0238095 3,270.620160 136.275840 2.271264 0.0378544 9,281.08800 386.712000 6.44520 0.10742 8,997.696000 374.90400 6.248400 0.10414 11,550.038400 481.251600 8.020860 0.133681 32,706.20160 1,362.758400 22.712640 0.378544 86,400 3,600 60 1.0 71,943.55200 2,997.64800 49.96080 0.83268 327,062.01600 13,627.58400 227.12640 3.78544

cubic yards per hour cubic yards per minute cubic yards per second barrels per day barrels per hour barrels per minute barrels per second hektoliters per day hektoliters per hour hektoliters per minute hektoliters per second bushels–U.S. (dry) per day bushels–U.S. (dry) per hour bushels–U.S. (dry) per minute bushels-U.S. (dry) per second bushels (Imperial) per day bushels (Imperial) per hour bushels (Imperial) per minute bushels (Imperial) per second cubic feet per day cubic feet per hour cubic feet per minute cubic feet per second dekaliters per day dekaliters per hour dekaliters per minute dekaliters per second gallons per day gallons per hour gallons per minute gallons per second gallons (Imperial) per day gallons (Imperial) per hour gallons (Imperial) per minute gallons (Imperial) per second liters per day liters per hour liters per minute liters per second

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR 327,062.01600 13,627.58400 227.12640 3.78544 345,600 14,400 240 4.0 691,200 28,800 480 8.0 2,764,800 115,200 1,920 32.0 3,270,620 136,275.8400 2,271.2640 37.8544 19,958,400 831,600 13,860 231 32,706,202 1,362,758 22,712.640 378.544 327,062,016 13,627,584 227,126.40 3,785.44 327,062,016 13,627,584 227,126.40 3,785.44 327,061,016,000 13,627,584,000 227,126,400 3,785,440

cubic decimeters per day cubic decimeters per hour cubic decimeters per minute cubic decimeters per second quarts per day quarts per hour quarts per minute quarts per second pints per day pints per hour pints per minute pints per second gills per day gills per hour gills per minute gills per second deciliters per day deciliters per hour deciliters per minute deciliters per second cubic inches per day cubic inches per hour cubic inches per minute cubic inches per second centiliters per day centiliters per hour centiliters per minute centiliters per second milliliters per day milliliters per hour milliliters per minute milliliters per second cubic centimeters per day cubic centimeters per hour cubic centimeters per minute cubic centimeters per second cubic millimeters per day cubic millimeters per hour cubic millimeters per minute cubic millimeters per second

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Universal Conversion Factors

GRAIN (AVOIRDUPOIS): = 0.000000637755089 0.000000647989857 0.0000007142857 0.000064798918 0.00014285714 0.00017361111 0.00064798918 0.0064798918 0.00208333 0.0022857 0.03657143 0.0166667 0.0416667 0.05000 0.064798918 0.64798918 6.4798918 64.798918 0.3240

tons (short) tons (long) tons (metric) kilograms pounds (Avoir.) pounds (Troy) hektograms dekagrams ounces (Troy) ounces (Avoir.) drams (Troy) drams (Avoir.) pennyweights (Troy) scruples (Troy) grams decigrams centigrams milligrams carats (metric)

GRAIN (AVOIR.) PER BARREL: = 718.956 0.000793548 0.71988 1.587054 25.39320 406.29120 719.88 0.000126161 0.114449 0.252316 4.037124 64.59390 114.44916 0.00000300384

parts per million tons (net) per cubic meter kilograms per cubic meter pounds (Avoir.) per cubic meter ounces (Avoir.) per cubic meter drams (Avoir.) per cubic meter grams per cubic meter tons (net) per barrel kilograms per barrel pounds (Avoir.) per barrel ounces (Avoir.) per barrel drams (Avoir.) per barrel grams per barrel tons (net) per gallon–U.S.

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR 0.00272498 kilograms per gallon–U.S. 0.00600753 pounds (Avoir.) per gallon–U.S. 0.096122 ounces (Avoir.) per gallon–U.S. 1.53795 drams (Avoir.) per gallon–U.S. 2.724982 grams per gallon–U.S. 0.000000793548 tons (net) per liter 0.00071988 kilograms per liter 0.00158705 pounds (Avoir.) per liter. 0.0253932 ounces (Avoir.) per liter 0.406291 drams (Avoir.) per liter 0.71988 grams per liter 0.000000000793548 tons (net) per cubic centimeter 0.00000071980 kilograms per cubic centimeter 0.00000158705 pounds (Avoir.) per cubic centimeter 0.0000253932 ounces (Avoir.) per cubic centimeter 0.000406291 drams (Avoir.) per cubic centimeter 0.00071988 grams per cubic centimeter

GRAIN (AVOIR.) PER CUBIC CENTIMETER: = 0.00452219 0.00000000499137 0.00000452800 0.00000998248 0.000159722 0.00255555 0.00452800 0.000000000793545 0.000000719878 0.00000158705 0.0000253933 0.000406292 0.000719879 0.0000000000188940 0.00000001714 0.0000000377873 0.000000604602 0.00000967362

parts per million tons (net) per cubic meter kilograms per cubic meter pounds (Avoir.) per cubic meter ounces (Avoir.) per cubic meter drams (Avoir.) per cubic meter grams per cubic meter tons (net) per barrel kilograms per barrel pounds (Avoir.) per barrel ounces (Avoir.) per barrel drams (Avoir.) per barrel grams per barrel tons (net) per gallon–U.S. kilograms per gallon–U.S. pounds (Avoir.) per gallon–U.S. ounces (Avoir.) per gallon–U.S. drams (Avoir.) per gallon–U.S.

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Universal Conversion Factors

0.00001714 grams per gallon–U.S. 0.00000000000499137 tons (net) per liter 0.00000000452800 kilograms per liter 0.00000000998248 pounds (Avoir.) per liter. 0.000000159722 ounces (Avoir.) per liter 0.00000255555 drams (Avoir.) per liter 0.00000452800 grams per liter 0.00000000000000499137 tons (net) per cubic centimeter 0.00000000000452800 kilograms per cubic centimeter 0.000000000000998248 pounds (Avoir.) percubic centimeter 0.000000000159722 ounces (Avoir.) per cubic centimeter 0.00000000255555 drams (Avoir.) per cubic centimeter 0.00000000452800 grams per cubic centimeter

GRAIN (AVOIR.) PER CUBIC METER: = 4,522.192260 0.00499137 4.528004 9.982479 159.721781 2,555.548489 4,528.004167 0.000793545 0.719878 1.587053 25.393280 406.291949 719.878693 0.0000188940 0.01714 0.0377873 0.604602 9.673618 17.14 0.00000499137 0.00452800 0.00998248

parts per million tons (net) per cubic meter kilograms per cubic meter pounds (Avoir.) per cubic meter ounces (Avoir.) per cubic meter drams (Avoir.) per cubic meter grams per cubic meter tons (net) per barrel kilograms per barrel pounds (Avoir.) per barrel ounces (Avoir.) per barrel drams (Avoir.) per barrel grams per barrel tons (net) per gallon–U.S. kilograms per gallon–U.S. pounds (Avoir.) per gallon–U.S. ounces (Avoir.) per gallon–U.S. drams (Avoir.) per gallon–U.S. grams per gallon–U.S. tons (net) per liter kilograms per liter pounds (Avoir.) per liter.

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR 0.159722 ounces (Avoir.) per liter 2.555548 drams (Avoir.) per liter 4.528004 grams per liter 0.00000000499137 tons (net) per cubic centimeter 0.00000452800 kilograms per cubic centimeter 0.00000998248 pounds (Avoir.) per cubic centimeter 0.000159722 ounces (Avoir.) per cubic centimeter 0.00255555 drams (Avoir.) per cubic centimeter 0.00452800 grams per cubic centimeter

GRAIN (AVOIR.) PER GALLON–U.S.: = 17.118 0.000018894 0.01714 0.037787 0.60460 9.67360 17.14 0.00000300384 0.00272498 0.00600753 0.096122 1.53795 2.72498 0.000000071520 0.000064881 0.00014304 0.0022886 0.036617 0.064881 0.000000018894 0.00001714 0.000037787 0.00060460 0.0096735 0.01714 0.000000000018894

parts per million tons (net) per cubic meter kilograms per cubic meter pounds (Avoir.) per cubic meter ounces (Avoir.) per cubic meter drams (Avoir.) per cubic meter grams per cubic meter tons (net) per barrel kilograms per barrel pounds (Avoir.) per barrel ounces (Avoir.) per barrel drams (Avoir.) per barrel grams per barrel tons (net) per gallon–U.S. kilograms per gallon–U.S. pounds (Avoir.) per gallon–U.S. ounces (Avoir.) per gallon–U.S. drams (Avoir.) per gallon–U.S. grams per gallon–U.S. tons (net) per liter kilograms per liter pounds (Avoir.) per liter. ounces (Avoir.) per liter drams (Avoir.) per liter grams per liter tons (net) per cubic centimeter

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Universal Conversion Factors

0.00000001714 0.000000037787 0.00000060460 0.0000096735 0.00001714

kilograms per cubic centimeter pounds (Avoir.) per cubic centimeter ounces (Avoir.) per cubic centimeter drams (Avoir.) per cubic centimeter grams per cubic centimeter

GRAIN (AVOIR.) PER LITER: = 4.522192 parts per million 0.00000499137 tons (net) per cubic meter 0.00452800 kilograms per cubic meter 0.00998248 pounds (Avoir.) per cubic meter 0.159722 ounces (Avoir.) per cubic meter 2.555548 drams (Avoir.) per cubic meter 4.52804 grams per cubic meter 0.00000793545 tons (net) per barrel 0.000719878 kilograms per barrel 0.00158705 pounds (Avoir.) per barrel 0.0253933 ounces (Avoir.) per barrel 0.406292 drams (Avoir.) per barrel 0.719879 grams per barrel 0.0000000188940 tons (net) per gallon–U.S. 0.00001714 kilograms per gallon–U.S. 0.0000377873 pounds (Avoir.) per gallon–U.S. 0.00604602 ounces (Avoir.) per gallon–U.S. 0.00967362 drams (Avoir.) per gallon–U.S. 0.01714 grams per gallon–U.S. 0.00000000499137 tons (net) per liter 0.00000452800 kilograms per liter 0.00000998248 pounds (Avoir.) per liter. 0.000159722 ounces (Avoir.) per liter 0.00255555 drams (Avoir.) per liter 0.00452800 grams per liter 0.00000000000499137 tons (net) per cubic centimeter 0.00000000452800 kilograms per cubic centimeter 0.00000000998248 pounds (Avoir.) per cubic centimeter 0.000000159722 ounces (Avoir.) per cubic centimeter 0.00000255555 drams (Avoir.) per cubic centimeter 0.00000452800 grams per cubic centimeter

D&D univ conv factors 10/24/01 10:53 AM Page 150

D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR GRAM: = 0.00000098426 0.000001 0.00000110231 0.001 0.00220462 0.00267923 0.01 0.1 0.0321507 0.03527392 0.257206 0.564383 0.6430149 0.771618 5.0 10.0 15.4324 100 1,000

tons (long) tons (metric) tons (short) kilograms pounds (Avoir.) pounds (Troy) hektograms dekagrams ounces (Troy) ounces (Avoir.) drams (Troy) drams (Avoir.) pennyweights scruples carats (metric) decigrams grains centigrams milligrams

GRAM CALORIE (MEAN): = 99.334 1,192.008 3.0874 37.0488 0.0000001 0.001 0.00204622 0.01 0.1 0.0327395 1.0 10.0 100.0 1,000

foot poundals inch poundals foot pounds inch pounds ton (short) calories kilogram calories pound calories hektogram calories dekagram calories ounce calories gram calories decigram calories centigram calories milligram calories

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Universal Conversion Factors

0.00000004845 0.0000011628 0.0000697680 0.004186 0.00004845 0.0011628 0.0697680 4.186 0.00042685 0.42685 0.941043 4.2685 42.685 15.056688 426.85 4,268.5 42,685 426,850 0.0000042685 0.0042685 0.00941043 0.042685 0.42685 0.150567 4.2685 42.685 426.85 4,268.5 0.000042685 0.042685 0.0941043 0.42685 4.2685 1.50567 42.685 426.85 4,268.5 42,685 0.00140042

kilowatt days kilowatt hours kilowatt minutes kilowatt seconds watt days watt hours watt minutes watt seconds ton meters kilogram meters pound meters hektograms meters dekagram meters ounce meters gram meters decigram meters centigram meters milligram meters ton hektometers kilogram hektometers pound hektometers hektogram hektometers dekagram hektometers ounce hektometers gram hektometers decigram hektometers centigram hektometers milligram hektometers ton dekameters kilogram dekameters pound dekameters hektogram dekameters dekagram dekameters ounce dekameters gram dekameters decigram dekameters centigram dekameters milligram dekameters ton feet

D&D univ conv factors 10/23/01 3:28 PM Page 152

D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR 1.400424 0.0308704 14.004236 140.042357 0.493985 1,400.423566 14,004.235661 140,042.356605 1,400,423.0 0.0168050 16.805083 37.0488557 168.050828 1,680.0508284 592.78169 16,805.082792 168,050.82792 1,680,508 16,805,082 0.0042685 4.2685 9.410430 42.685 426.85 150.566885 4,268.5 42,685 426,850 4,268,500 0.042685 42.685 94.104303 426.85 4,268.5 1,505.668846 42,685.0 426,850 4,268,500 42,685,000

kilogram feet pound feet hektogram feet dekagram feet ounce feet gram feet decigram feet centigram feet milligram feet ton inches kilogram inches pound inches hektogram inches dekagram inches ounce inches gram inches decigram inches centigram inches milligram inches ton decimeters kilogram decimeters pound decimeters hektogram decimeters dekagram decimeters ounce decimeters gram decimeters decigram decimeters centigram decimeters milligram decimeters ton centimeters kilogram centimeters pound centimeters hektogram centimeters dekagram centimeters ounce centimeters gram centimeters decigram centimeters centigram centimeters milligram centimeters

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Universal Conversion Factors

0.42685 ton millimeters 426.85 kilogram millimeters 941.043029 pound millimeters 4,268.5 hektogram millimeters 42,685 dekagram millimeters 15,056.688464 ounce millimeters 426,850 gram millimeters 4,268,500 decigram millimeters 42,685,000 centigram millimeters 426,850,000 milligram millimeters 0.000041311 kiloliter-atmospheres 0.00041311 hektoliter-atmospheres 0.0041311 dekaliter-atmospheres 0.041311 liter-atmospheres 0.41311 deciliter-atmospheres 4.1311 centiliter-atmospheres 41.311 milliliter-atmospheres 0.0000000000000415977 cubic kilometer-atmospheres 0.0000000000415977 cubic hektometer-atmospheres 0.0000000415977 cubic dekameter-atmospheres 0.0000415977 cubic meter-atmospheres 0.001469 cubic feet-atmospheres 2.538415 cubic inch-atmospheres 0.0415977 cubic decimeter-atmospheres 41.597673 cubic centimeter-atmosphere 41,597.673 cubic millimeter-atmospheres 4.185829 joules per gram 0.00000158097 Cheval-Vapeur hours 0.0000000649708 horsepower days 0.0000015593 horsepower hours 0.0000935980 horsepower minutes 0.00561588 horsepower seconds 0.000000271842 pounds of carbon oxidized with 100% efficiency 0.00000408756 pounds of water evaporated from and at 212° F. 1.8 BTU (mean) per pound 0.0039685 BTU 41,858,291 ergs

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR GRAM CALORIE: = (15° C per square centimeter per second for temperature gradient of 1° C per centimeter): = 4.185829 joules (absolute) per square centimeters per second for temperature gradient of 1° C per centimeter 0.80620 BTU (mean) per square foot per second for a temperature gradient of 1° F. per inch

GRAM WEIGHT SECOND PER SQUARE CENTIMETER: = 980.665 98,066.5

poises centipoises

GRAM PER CUBIC CENTIMETER: = 100,000 2,831.7 16.38776 0.001 2,204.62 62.42822 0.036127 0.0022046 35,273.92 998.85159 0.57804 0.035274 1,000,000 28,317.0 16.38705 1.0 15,432,400 436,999.27080 252.89148 15.4324

kilograms per cubic meter kilograms per cubic foot kilograms per cubic inch kilograms per cubic centimeter pounds per meter pounds per cubic foot pounds per cubic inch pounds per cubic centimeter ounces per meter ounces per cubic foot ounces per cubic inch ounces per cubic centimeter grams per meter grams per cubic foot grams per cubic inch grams per cubic centimeter grains per meter grains per cubic foot grains per cubic inch grains per cubic centimeter

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Universal Conversion Factors

GRAM PER CUBIC FOOT: = 0.035314 0.001 0.00000057870 0.000000035314 0.077854 0.0022046 0.0000012758 0.000000077854 1.24568 0.035274 0.000020413 0.00000124578 35.31444 1.0 0.00057870 0.0000353144 544.98657 15.4324 0.0089307 0.00054499

kilograms per cubic meter kilograms per cubic foot kilograms per cubic inch kilograms per cubic centimeter pounds per meter pounds per cubic foot pounds per cubic inch pounds per cubic centimeter ounces per meter ounces per cubic foot ounces per cubic inch ounces per cubic centimeter grams per meter grams per cubic foot grams per cubic inch grams per cubic centimeter grains per meter grains per cubic foot grains per cubic inch grains per cubic centimeter

GRAM PER CUBIC INCH: = 61.203 1.72799 0.001 0.000061203 134.53131 3.80952 0.0022046 0.00013453 2,152.52530 60.95306 0.035274 0.0021525 610,230 17,279.88291

kilograms per cubic meter kilograms per cubic foot kilograms per cubic inch kilograms per cubic centimeter pounds per meter pounds per cubic foot pounds per cubic inch pounds per cubic centimeter ounces per meter ounces per cubic foot ounces per cubic inch ounces per cubic centimeter grams per meter grams per cubic foot

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR 1.0 0.61023 941,731.3452 26,667.0065002 15.4324 0.94173

grams per cubic inch grams per cubic centimeter grains per meter grains per cubic foot grains per cubic inch grains per cubic centimeter

GRAM PER CUBIC METER: = 0.001 0.00028317 0.00000016387 0.000000001 0.00220462 0.000062428 0.000000036127 0.00000000220462 0.035274 0.00099885 0.00000057803 0.000000035274 1.0 0.028317 0.000016387 0.000001 15.4324 0.437 0.00025289 0.000015434

kilograms per cubic meter kilograms per cubic foot kilograms per cubic inch kilograms per cubic centimeter pounds per meter pounds per cubic foot pounds per cubic inch pounds per cubic centimeter ounces per meter ounces per cubic foot ounces per cubic inch ounces per cubic centimeter grams per meter grams per cubic foot grams per cubic inch grams per cubic centimeter grains per meter grains per cubic foot grains per cubic inch grains per cubic centimeter

GRAM PER CENTIMETER: = 0.100 0.03048006 0.00254005 0.001 0.22046

kilograms per cubic meter kilograms per cubic foot kilograms per cubic inch kilograms per cubic centimeter pounds per meter

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Universal Conversion Factors

0.067197 0.0054014 0.0022046 3.52736 1.075152 0.086422 0.035274 100 30.48006 2.54005 1.0 1,543.24 470.38048 39.19822 15.4324

pounds per cubic foot pounds per cubic inch pounds per cubic centimeter ounces per meter ounces per cubic foot ounces per cubic inch ounces per cubic centimeter grams per meter grams per cubic foot grams per cubic inch grams per cubic centimeter grains per meter grains per cubic foot grains per cubic inch grains per cubic centimeter

GRAM PER FOOT: = 0.0032808 0.001 0.000083333 0.000032808 0.0072329 0.0022046 0.00018372 0.000072329 0.11573 0.035274 0.0029395 0.0011573 3.28083 1.0 0.083333 0.0328083 50.63113 15.4324 1.28603 0.50631

kilograms per cubic meter kilograms per cubic foot kilograms per cubic inch kilograms per cubic centimeter pounds per meter pounds per cubic foot pounds per cubic inch pounds per cubic centimeter ounces per meter ounces per cubic foot ounces per cubic inch ounces per cubic centimeter grams per meter grams per cubic foot grams per cubic inch grams per cubic centimeter grains per meter grains per cubic foot grains per cubic inch grains per cubic centimeter

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR GRAM PER INCH: = 0.03937 0.012 0.001 0.00039370 0.086796 0.026455 0.0022046 0.00086796 1.38874 0.42329 0.035274 0.013887 39.37000 12.0 1.0 0.39370 607.57359 185.1888 15.4324 6.075736

kilograms per cubic meter kilograms per cubic foot kilograms per cubic inch kilograms per cubic centimeter pounds per meter pounds per cubic foot pounds per cubic inch pounds per cubic centimeter ounces per meter ounces per cubic foot ounces per cubic inch ounces per cubic centimeter grams per meter grams per cubic foot grams per cubic inch grams per cubic centimeter grains per meter grains per cubic foot grains per cubic inch grains per cubic centimeter

GRAM PER LITER: = 8.34543 1,000 0.00110230 1.0 2.2046099 35.273758 564.379806 1,000 15,432.258039 0.0000312140 0.0283169 0.0624280 0.998848

pounds per 1000 gallons parts per million tons (net) per cubic meter kilograms per cubic meter pounds (Avoir.) per cubic meter ounces (Avoir.) per cubic meter drams (Avoir.) per cubic meter grams per cubic meter grains per cubic meter tons (net) per cubic foot kilograms per cubic foot pounds (Avoir.) per cubic foot ounces (Avoir.) per cubic foot

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Universal Conversion Factors

15.981559 drams (Avoir.) per cubic foot 28.316846 grams per cubic foot 436.995689 grains per cubic foot 0.000175254 tons (net) per barrel 0.158988 kilograms per barrel 0.350508 pounds (Avoir.) per barrel 5.608134 ounces (Avoir.) per barrel 89.730060 drams (Avoir.) per barrel 158.987766 grams per barrel 2,543.556 grains per barrel 0.00000417271 tons (net) per gallon–U.S. 0.00378542 kilograms per gallon–U.S. 0.00834543 pounds (Avoir.) per gallon–U.S. 0.133527 ounces (Avoir.) per gallon–U.S. 2.136430 drams (Avoir.) per gallon–U.S. 3.785423 grams per gallon–U.S. 58.418 grains per gallon–U.S. 0.00000110231 tons (net) per liter 0.001 kilograms per liter 0.00220462 pounds (Avoir.) per liter 0.0352739 ounces (Avoir.) per liter 0.564383 drams (Avoir.) per liter 15.4324 grains per liter 0.00000000110231 tons (net) per cubic centimeter 0.000001 kilograms per cubic centimeter 0.00000220462 pounds (Avoir.) per cubic centimeter 0.0000352739 ounces (Avoir.) per cubic centimeter 0.000564383 drams (Avoir.) per cubic centimeter 0.001 grams per cubic centimeter 0.0154324 grains per cubic centimeter 0.001 kilograms per meter 0.00030480 kilograms per foot 0.000025401 kilograms per inch 0.00001 kilograms per centimeter 0.0022046 pounds per meter 0.00067197 pounds per foot 0.0000560 pounds per inch 0.000022046 pounds per centimeter 0.035274 ounces per meter

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR 0.010752 0.0008960 0.00035274 1.0 0.30480 0.025401 0.01 15.4324 4.70380 0.39198 0.15432

ounces per foot ounces per inch ounces per centimeter grams per meter grams per foot grams per inch grams per centimeter grains per meter grains per foot grains per inch grains per centimeter

GRAM PER METER: = 0.001 0.00030480 0.000025401 0.00001 0.0022046 0.00067197 0.0000560 0.000022046 0.035274 0.010752 0.0008960 0.00035274 1.0 0.30480 0.025401 0.01 15.4324 4.70380 0.39198 0.15432

kilograms per meter kilograms per foot kilograms per inch kilograms per centimeter pounds per meter pounds per foot pounds per inch pounds per centimeter ounces per meter ounces per foot ounces per inch ounces per centimeter grams per meter grams per foot grams per inch grams per centimeter grains per square meter grains per square foot grains per square inch grains per square centimeter

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Universal Conversion Factors

GRAM PER SQUARE CENTIMETER: = 10 0.92903 0.0064516 0.001 22.046 2.048140 0.014223 0.0022046 352.7392 32.77053 0.22756 0.035274 10,000 929.03 6.45156 1.0 154,324 14,337.16257 99.56299 15.4324 0.73556 0.00096784 980.665

kilograms per square meter kilograms per square foot kilograms per square inch kilograms per square centimeter pounds per square meter pounds per square foot pounds per square inch pounds per square centimeter ounces per square meter ounces per square foot ounces per square inch ounces per square centimeter grams per square meter grams per square foot grams per square inch grams per square centimeter grains per square meter grains per square foot grains per square inch grains per square centimeter millimeters of mercury @ 0° C atmosphere dyne

GRAM PER SQUARE FOOT: = 0.010764 0.001 0.0000069444 0.0000010764 0.023730 0.00220462 0.000015310 0.0000023730 0.37968 0.035274

kilograms per square meter kilograms per square foot kilograms per square inch kilograms per square centimeter pounds per square meter pounds per square foot pounds per square inch pounds per square centimeter ounces per square meter ounces per square foot

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR 0.00024496 0.000037968 10.76387 1.0 0.0069444 0.00107639 166.11235 15.4324 0.10717 0.016611

ounces per square inch ounces per centimeter grams per square meter grams per square foot grams per square inch grams per square centimeter grains per square meter grains per square foot grains per square inch grains per square centimeter

GRAM PER SQUARE INCH: = 1.55 0.1440 0.001 0.000155 3.41713 0.31746 0.0022046 0.00034171 54.67470 5.0794444 0.035274 0.0054675 1,550 143.99965 1.0 0.155 23,920.099878 2,222.25834 15.4324 2.39201

kilograms per square meter kilograms per square foot kilograms per square inch kilograms per square centimeter pounds per square meter pounds per square foot pounds per square inch pounds per square centimeter ounces per square meter ounces per square foot ounces per square inch ounces per square centimeter grams per square meter grams per square foot grams per square inch grams per square centimeter grains per square meter grains per square foot grains per square inch grains per square centimeter

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Universal Conversion Factors

GRAM PER SQUARE METER: = 0.001 0.000092903 0.00000064516 0.0000001 0.0022046 0.00020481 0.0000014222 0.00000022046 0.035274 0.0032771 0.000022757 0.0000035274 1.0 0.092903 0.00064521 0.0001 15.4324 1.43372 0.0099563 0.00154324

kilograms per square meter kilograms per square foot kilograms per square inch kilograms per square centimeter pounds per square meter pounds per square foot pounds per square inch pounds per square centimeter ounces per square meter ounces per square foot ounces per square inch ounces per square centimeter grams per square meter grams per square foot grams per square inch grams per square centimeter grains per square meter grains per square foot grains per square inch grains per square centimeter

HECTARE: = 0.003861 0.010 0.247104 1.0 24.71044 100 395.367 10,000 11,959.888 13,949.8 107,639 191,358 277,104.4

square miles or sections square kilometers square furlongs square hektometers square chains square dekameters square rods square meters square yards square varas (Texas) square feet square spans square links

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR 968,750 1,000,000 100,000,000 15,500,016 10,000,000,000 100 1,000 2.471044

square hands square decimeters square centimeters square inches square millimeters ares centares (centiares) acres

HEKTOLITER: = 0.000000000053961 0.0000000001 0.000000000431688 0.0000001 0.0000122835 0.0001 0.000786142 0.1 0.1 0.13080 0.164759 0.628976 1.0 2.8378 2.7497 3.53145 8.370844 10.0 11.3513 12.283475 26.417762 22.702 21.998 95.635866 100 100 105.6710

cubic miles cubic kilometers cubic furlongs cubic hektometers cubic chains cubic dekameters cubic rods kiloliters cubic meters cubic yards cubic varas (Texas) barrels hektoliters bushels–U.S. (dry) bushels–Imperial (dry) cubic feet cubic spans dekaliters pecks cubic links gallons–U.S. (liquid) gallons–U.S. (dry) gallons–Imperial cubic hands liters cubic decimeters quarts–U.S. (liquid)

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Universal Conversion Factors

90.8102 211.34 181.62 845.38 1,000 61,025 10,000 100,000 100,000 100,000,000 220.46223 3,381.47 27,051.79

quarts–U.S. (dry) pints–U.S. (liquid) pints–U.S. (dry) gills (liquid) deciliters cubic inches centiliters milliliters cubic centimeters cubic millimeters pounds of water @ 39° F. ounces (fluid) drams (fluid)

HEKTOGRAM: = 0.000098426 0.0001 0.000110231 0.1 0.220462 0.267923 1.0 10 3.21507 3.527392 25.7206 56.4383 64.30149 77.1618 500 1,000 1,543.24 10,000 100,000

tons (long) tons (metric) tons (short) kilograms pounds (Troy) pounds (Avoir.) hektograms dekagrams ounces (Troy) ounces (Avoir.) drams (Troy) drams (Avoir.) pennyweights (Troy) scruples (Troy) carats (metric) decigrams grains centigrams milligrams

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR HORSEPOWER: = 47,520,000 foot pounds per day 1,980,000 foot pounds per hour 33,000 foot pounds per minute 550 foot pounds per second 570,240,000 inch pounds per day 23,760,000 inch pounds per hour 396,000 inch pounds per minute 6,600 inch pounds per second 15,390.720 kilogram calories (mean) per day 641.280 kilogram calories (mean) per hour 10.688 kilogram calories (mean) per minute 0.178133 kilogram calories (mean) per second 33,930.724525 pound calories (mean) per day 1,413.780189 pound calories (mean) per hour 23.563003 pound calories (mean) per minute 0.392716 pound calories (mean) per second 542,891.59248 ounce calories (mean) per day 22,620.483024 ounce calories (mean) per hour 377.008048 ounce calories (mean) per minute 6.283456 ounce calories (mean) per second 15,390,720 gram calories (mean) per day 641,280 gram calories (mean) per hour 10,688 gram calories (mean) per minute 178.133 gram calories (mean) per second 61,081.344 BTU (mean) per day 2,545.5600 BTU (mean) per hour 42.41760 BTU (mean) per minute 0.70696 BTU (mean) per second 0.7452 kilowatts (g=980) 0.74570 kilowatts (g=980.665) 745.2 watts (g=980) 745.70 watts (g=980.665) 1.0139 horsepower (metric) 1.0139 Cheval-Vapeur hours 0.174 pounds of carbon oxidized with 100% efficiency 2.62 pounds of water evaporated from and at 212° F. 635.769600 kiloliter-atmospheres per day

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Universal Conversion Factors

24.490400 0.441507 0.00735844 635,769.599962 26,490.399998 441.506667 7.358844 635,769,599.962 26,490,399.998 441,506.666667 7,358.444444

kiloliter-atmospheres per hour kiloliter-atmospheres per minute kiloliter-atmospheres per second liter-atmospheres per day liter-atmospheres per hour liter-atmospheres per minute liter-atmospheres per second milliliter-atmospheres per day milliliter-atmospheres per hour milliliter-atmospheres per minute milliliter-atmospheres per second

INCH: = 0.00001578 0.00002540 0.000126263 0.0002540 0.00126263 0.002540 0.00505051 0.02540 0.027777 0.030000 0.083333 0.111111 0.126263 0.25000 0.2540 2.5400 1 25.40 1,000 25,400 39,450.33 25,400,000 25,400,000 254,000,000

miles kilometers furlongs hektometers chains dekameters rods meters yards varas (Texas) feet spans links hands decimeters centimeters inches millimeters mils microns wave lengths of red line of cium millimicrons micro-millimeters Angstrom Units

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR INCH OF MERCURY @ 32° F. = 0.00345349 0.0345349 0.345349 1.132944 13.595326 3.45349 34.5349 345.349 0.000254 0.00254 0.0254 0.0833325 1 0.254 2.54 25.4 3,806.515240 38.065152 0.380652 0.0353645 0.000245581 0.00380652 0.0000380652 0.000000380652 3,453,490 34,534.9 345.349 32.0811278 0.222786 3.45349 0.0345349 0.000345349 7,613,030 76,130.300609 761.303006 70.726441 0.491161

hektometers of water @ 60° F. dekameters of water @ 60° F. meters of water @ 60° F. feet of water @ 60° F. inches of water @ 60° F. decimeters of water @ 60° F. centimeters of water @ 60°F. millimeters of water @ 60°F. hektometers of mercury @ 32° F. dekameters of mercury @ 32° F meters of mercury @ 32° F feet of mercury @ 32° F inches of mercury @ 32° F decimeters of mercury @ 32° F centimeters of mercury @ 32° F millimeters of mercury @ 32° F tons per square hektometer tons per square dekameter tons per square meter tons per square foot tons per square inch tons per square decimeter tons per square centimeter tons per square millimeter kilograms per square hektometer kilograms per square dekameter kilograms per square meter kilograms per square foot kilograms per square inch kilograms per square decimeter kilograms per square centimeter kilograms per square millimeter pounds per square hektometer pounds per square dekameter pounds per square meter pounds per square foot pounds per square inch

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Universal Conversion Factors

7.613030 0.0761303 0.000761303 34,534,900 345,349 3,453.49 320.811278 2.227864 34.5349 0.345349 0.00345349 345,349,000 3,453,490 34,534.90 3,208.112776 22.278639 345.3490 3.453490 0.03453490 121,808.481 1,218,085 12,180.85 1,131.623063 7.858573 121.8085 1.218085 0.0121809 3,453,490,000 34,534,900 345,349 32,081.127762 222.786665 3,453.49 34.5349 0.345349 34,534,900,000 345,349,000 3,453,490 320.811278

pounds per square decimeter pounds per square centimeter pounds per square millimeter hektograms per square hektometer hektograms per square dekameter hektograms per square meter hektograms per square foot hektograms per square inch hektograms per square decimeter hektograms per square centimeter hektograms per square millimeter dekagrams per square hektometer dekagrams per square dekameter dekagrams per square meter dekagrams per square foot dekagrams per square inch dekagrams per square decimeter dekagrams per square centimeter dekagrams per square millimeter ounces per square hektometer ounces per square dekameter ounces per square meter ounces per square foot ounces per square inch ounces per square decimeter ounces per square centimeter ounces per square millimeter grams per square hektometer grams per square dekameter grams per square meter grams per square foot grams per square inch grams per square decimeter grams per square centimeter grams per square millimeter decigrams per square hektometer decigrams per square dekameter decigrams per square meter decigrams per square foot

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR 2,227.866675 decigrams per square inch 34,534.90 decigrams per square decimeter 345.3490 decigrams per square centimeter 3.453490 decigrams per square millimeter 345,349,000,000 centigrams per square hektometer 3,453,490,000 centigrams per square dekameter 34,534,900 centigrams per square meter 3,208,113 centigrams per square foot 22,278.666751 centigrams per square inch 345,349 centigrams per square decimeter 3,453.49 centigrams per square centimeter 34.5349 centigrams per square millimeter 3,453,490,000,000 milligrams per square hektometer 34,534,900,000 milligrams per square dekameter 345,349,000 milligrams per square meter 32,081,128 milligrams per square foot 222,786.667776 milligrams per square inch 3,453,490 milligrams per square decimeter 34,534.90 milligrams per square centimeter 345.3490 milligrams per square millimeter 0.0338659 bars 0.0334214 atmospheres 3,383,845,567,678 dynes per square hektometer 33,838,455,677 dynes per square dekameter 338,384,557 dynes per square meter 31,460,290 dynes per square foot 218,471.233172 dynes per square inch 3,383,846 dynes per square decimeter 33,838,455677 dynes per square centimeter 338.384557 dynes per square millimeter 930.464111 feet of water @ 62° F. and 29.92 Barom. Press.

INCH OF WATER @ 60° F.: = 0.000254 0.00254 0.0254 0.0833332

hektometers of water @ 60° F. dekameters of water @ 60° F. meters of water @ 60° F. feet of water @ 60° F.

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Universal Conversion Factors

1 0.254 2.54 25.4 0.0000186820 0.000186820 0.00186820 0.00612925 0.0735510 0.0186820 0.186820 1.868197 279.973171 2.799732 0.0279973 0.00260110 0.0000180627 0.000279973 0.00000279973 0.0000000279973 254,000 2,540 25.4 2.359600 0.0163861 0.254 0.00254 0.0000254 559,946 5,599.463120 55.994631 5.202004 0.0361250 0.559946 0.00559946 0.0000559946 2,540,000 25,400 254

inches of water @ 60° F. decimeters of water @ 60° F. centimeters of water @ 60°F. millimeters of water @ 60°F. hektometers of mercury @ 32° F. dekameters of mercury @ 32° F meters of mercury @ 32° F feet of mercury @ 32° F inches of mercury @ 32° F decimeters of mercury @ 32° F centimeters of mercury @ 32° F millimeters of mercury @ 32° F tons per square hektometer tons per square dekameter tons per square meter tons per square foot tons per square inch tons per square decimeter tons per square centimeter tons per square millimeter kilograms per square hektometer kilograms per square dekameter kilograms per square meter kilograms per square foot kilograms per square inch kilograms per square decimeter kilograms per square centimeter kilograms per square millimeter pounds per square hektometer pounds per square dekameter pounds per square meter pounds per square foot pounds per square inch pounds per square decimeter pounds per square centimeter pounds per square millimeter hektograms per square hektometer hektograms per square dekameter hektograms per square meter

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR 23.596005 0.163862 2.54 0.0254 0.000254 25,400,000 254,000 2,540 235.960045 1.638617 25.40 0.2540 0.002540 8,959,141 89,591.41 895.9141 83.232058 0.5780 8.959141 0.0895914 0.000895914 254,000,000 2,540,000 25,400 2,359.600439 16.386192 254 2.54 0.0254 2,540,000,000 25,400,000 254,000 23,596.004 163.861920 2,540 25.40 0.2540 25,400,000,000 254,000,000

hektograms per square foot hektograms per square inch hektograms per square decimeter hektograms per square centimeter hektograms per square millimeter dekagrams per square hektometer dekagrams per square dekameter dekagrams per square meter dekagrams per square foot dekagrams per square inch dekagrams per square decimeter dekagrams per square centimeter dekagrams per square millimeter ounces per square hektometer ounces per square dekameter ounces per square meter ounces per square foot ounces per square inch ounces per square decimeter ounces per square centimeter ounces per square millimeter grams per square hektometer grams per square dekameter grams per square meter grams per square foot grams per square inch grams per square decimeter grams per square centimeter grams per square millimeter decigrams per square hektometer decigrams per square dekameter decigrams per square meter decigrams per square foot decigrams per square inch decigrams per square decimeter decigrams per square centimeter decigrams per square millimeter centigrams per square hektometer centigrams per square dekameter

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Universal Conversion Factors

2,540,000 centigrams per square meter 235,960 centigrams per square foot 1,638.619198 centigrams per square inch 25,400 centigrams per square decimeter 254 centigrams per square centimeter 2.54 centigrams per square millimeter 254,000,000,000 milligrams per square hektometer 2,540,000,000 milligrams per square dekameter 25,400,000 milligrams per square meter 2,359,600 milligrams per square foot 16,386.192 milligrams per square inch 254,000 milligrams per square decimeter 2,540 milligrams per square centimeter 25.40 milligrams per square millimeter 0.00245562 bars 0.00245818 atmospheres 248,885,374,188 dynes per square hektometer 2,488,853,742 dynes per square dekameter 24,888,537 dynes per square meter 2,313,937 dynes per square foot 16,069.0079 dynes per square inch 248,885 dynes per square decimeter 2,488.853742 dynes per square centimeter 24.888537 dynes per square millimeter 68.44 feet of water @ 62° F. and 29.92 Barom. Press.

JOULE (ABSOLUTE): = 23.730 284.760 0.73756 8.85072 0.000000263331 0.00023889 0.00526661 0.00842658 0.23889 238.89

foot poundals inch poundals foot pounds inch pounds ton (net) calories kilogram calories (mean) pound calories ounce calories gram calories (mean) milligram calories

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR 0.0000000115740 0.0000002778 0.0000166667 0.001 0.0000115740 0.0002778 0.0166667 1 0.000112366 0.101937 0.224733 3.595721 101.937 101,937 0.000368654 0.334438 0.737311 11.796960 334.438274 334,438.273531 0.00442385 4.013259 8.847732 141.563520 4,013.259288 4,013,259 0.0112366 10.1937 22.4733 359.5721 10,193.7 10,193,700 0.112366 101.937 224.733 3,595.721 101,937 101,937,000 0.0000098705

kilowatt days kilowatt hours kilowatt minutes kilowatt seconds watt days watt hours watt minutes watt seconds ton (net) meters kilogram meters pound meters ounce meters gram meters milligram meters ton (net) feet kilogram feet pound feet ounce feet gram feet milligram feet ton (net) inches kilogram inches pound inches ounce inches gram inches milligram inches ton (net) centimeters kilogram centimeters pound centimeters ounce centimeters gram centimeters milligram centimeters ton (net) millimeters kilogram millimeters pound millimeters ounce millimeters gram millimeters milligram millimeters kiloliter-atmospheres

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Universal Conversion Factors

0.000098705 0.0003485 0.00098705 0.0098705 0.098705 0.98705 9.8705 1 0.0000003775 0.0000000155208 0.0000003725 0.0000223500 0.00134100 0.0000000642 0.0000009662 0.0009480 100,000,000

hektoliter-atmospheres cubic foot-atmospheres dekaliter-atmospheres liter-atmospheres deciliter-atmospheres centiliter-atmospheres millimeter-atmospheres joules Cheval-Vapeur hours horsepower day horsepower hours horsepower minutes horsepower seconds pounds of carbon oxidized with perfect efficiency pounds of water evaporated from and at 212° F. BTU (mean) ergs

KILOGRAMS: = 0.000984206 0.001 0.00110231 1 2.679229 2.204622 10 100 32.150742 35.273957 1,000 257.21 564.38 643.01 771.62 5,000

tons (long) tons (metric) tons (short) kilograms pounds (Troy) pounds (Avoir.) hektograms dekagrams ounces (Troy) ounces (Avoir.) grams drams (Troy) drams (Avoir.) pennyweights (Troy) scruples (Troy) carats (metric)

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR 10,000 15,432.4 100,000 1,000,000

decigrams grains centigrams milligrams

KILOGRAM CALORIE (MEAN): = 99,334 1,192,008 3,087.4 37,048.8 0.0001 1 2.04622 10 100 32.7395 1,000 10,000 100,000 1,000,000 0.00004845 0.0011628 0.0697680 4.186 0.04845 1.1628 69.7680 4,186 0.42685 426.85 941.043 4,268.5 42,685 15,056.688 426,850 4,268,500 42,685,000

foot poundals inch poundals foot pounds inch pounds ton (short) calories kilogram calories pound calories hektogram calories dekagram calories ounce calories gram calories decigrams calories centigrams calories milligrams calories kilowatt days kilowatt hours kilowatt minutes kilowatt seconds watt days watt hours watt minutes watt seconds ton meters kilogram meters pound meters hektogram meters dekagram meters ounce meters gram meters decigrams meters centigrams meters

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Universal Conversion Factors

426,850,000 0.0042685 4.2685 9.41043 42.685 426.85 150.567 4,268.5 42,685 426,850 4,268,500 0.042685 42.685 94.1043 426.85 4,268.5 1,505.67 42,685 426,850 4,268,500 42,685,000 1.40042 1,400.424 30.8704 14,004.236 140,042.357 493.985 1,400,424 14,004,236 140,042,357 1,400,423,566 16.8050 16,805.083 370.445 168,050.828 1,680,051 5,927.117 16,805,083 168,050,828

milligram meters ton hektometers kilogram hektometers pound hektometers hektogram hektometers dekagram hektometers ounce hektometers gram hektometers decigram hektometers centigram hektometers milligram hektometers ton dekameters kilogram dekameters pound dekameters hektogram dekameters dekagram dekameters ounce dekameters gram dekameters decigram dekameters centigram dekameters milligram dekameters ton feet kilogram feet pound feet hektogram feet dekagram feet ounce feet gram feet decigram feet centigram feet milligram feet ton inches kilogram inches pound inches hektogram inches dekagram inches ounce inches gram inches decigram inches

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR 1,680,508,279 16,805,082,792 4.2685 4,268.5 9,410.430 42,685 426,850 150,566.885 4,268,500 42,685,000 426,850,000 4,268,500,000 42.685 42,685 94,104.303 426,850 4,268,500 1,505,669 42,685,000 426,850,000 4,268,500,000 42,685,000,000 426.85 426,850 941,043.029 4,268,500 42,685,000 15,056,688 426,850,000 4,268,500,000 42,685,000,000 426,850,000,000 0.041311 0.41311 4.1311 41.311 413.11 4,131.1 41,311

centigram inches milligram inches ton decimeters kilogram decimeters pound decimeters hektogram decimeters dekagram decimeters ounce decimeters gram decimeters decigram decimeters centigram decimeters milligram decimeters ton centimeters kilogram centimeters pound centimeters hektogram centimeters dekagram centimeters ounce centimeters gram centimeters decigram centimeters centigram centimeters milligram centimeters ton millimeters kilogram millimeters pound millimeters hektogram millimeters dekagram millimeters ounce millimeters gram millimeters decigram millimeters centigram millimeters milligram millimeters kiloliter-atmospheres hektoliter-atmospheres dekaliter-atmospheres liter-atmospheres deciliter-atmospheres centiliter-atmospheres milliliter-atmospheres

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Universal Conversion Factors

0.0000000000415977 cubic kilometer-atmospheres 0.0000000415977 cubic hektometer-atmospheres 0.0000415977 cubic dekameter-atmospheres 0.0415977 cubic meter-atmospheres 1.469 cubic feet-atmospheres 2,538.415 cubic inch-atmospheres 41.5977 cubic decimeter-atmospheres 41,597.673 cubic centimeter-atmospheres 41,597,673 cubic millimeter-atmospheres 4,185.8291 joules 0.00158097 Cheval-Vapeur hours 0.0000649708 horsepower day 0.0015593 horsepower hours 0.0935980 horsepower minutes 5.61588 horsepower seconds 0.00029909 pounds of carbon oxidized with 100% efficiency 0.004501 pounds of water evaporated from and at 212° F. 1.800 BTU (mean) per pound 3.9685 BTU (mean) 41,858,291,000 ergs

KILOGRAM CALORIE (MEAN) PER MINUTE: = 4,443,725 185,155.2 3,085.920 51.432 0.0935980 0.069680 69.7680

foot pounds per day foot pounds per hour foot pounds per minute foot pounds per second horsepower kilowatts watts

KILOGRAM METER: = 232.71 2,792.52 7.2330 86.7960

foot poundals inch poundals foot pounds inch pounds

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR 0.0000023427 0.0023427 0.00516477 0.023427 0.23427 0.0826363 2.3427 23.427 234.27 2,342.7 0.000000113479 0.0000027235 0.000163410 0.00980460 0.000113479 0.0027235 0.163410 9.80460 0.001 1 2.204622 10 100 35.273957 1,000 10,000 100,000 1,000,000 0.00001 0.01 0.02204622 0.1 1 0.352740 10 100 1,000 10,000 0.0001

ton (net) calories kilogram calories pound calories hektogram calories dekagram calories ounce calories gram calories (mean) decigram calories centigram calories milligram calories kilowatt days kilowatt hours kilowatt minutes kilowatt seconds watt days watt hours watt minutes watt seconds ton meters kilograms meters pound meters hektogram meters dekagram meters ounce meters gram meters decigram meters centigram meters milligram meters ton hektometers kilogram hektometers pound hektometers hektogram hektometers dekagram hektometers ounce hektometers gram hektometers decigram hektometers centigram hektometers milligram hektometers ton dekameters

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Universal Conversion Factors

0.1 0.2204622 1 10 3.527396 100 1,000 10,000 100,000 0.00328084 3.280843 7.2330020 32.80843 328.0843 115.728320 3,280.843 32,808.43 328,084.3 3,280,843 0.0393701 39.370116 86.796236 393.70116 3,937.0116 1,388.739776 39,370.116 393,701.16 3,937,012 39,370.116 0.01 10 22.046223 100 1,000 352.739568 10,000 100,000 1,000,000 10,000,000

kilogram dekameters pound dekameters hektogram dekameters dekagram dekameters ounce dekameters gram dekameters decigram dekameters centigram dekameters milligram dekameters ton feet kilogram feet pound feet hektogram feet dekagram feet ounce feet gram feet decigram feet centigram feet milligram feet ton inches kilogram inches pound inches hektogram inches dekagram inches ounce inches gram inches decigram inches centigram inches milligram inches ton decimeters kilogram decimeters pound decimeters hektogram decimeters dekagram decimeters ounce decimeters gram decimeters decigram decimeters centigram decimeters milligram decimeters

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR 0.1 ton centimeters 100 kilogram centimeters 220.46223 pound centimeters 1,000 hektogram centimeters 10,000 dekagram centimeters 3,527.39568 ounce centimeters 100,000 gram centimeters 1,000,000 decigram centimeters 10,000,000 centigram centimeters 100,000,000 milligram centimeters 1 ton millimeters 1,000 kilogram millimeters 2,204.6223 pound millimeters 10,000 hektogram millimeters 100,000 dekagram millimeters 35,273.9568 ounce millimeters 1,000,000 gram millimeters 10,000,000 decigram millimeters 100,000,000 centigram millimeters 1,000,000,000 milligram millimeters 0.000096782 kiloliter-atmospheres 0.00096782 hektoliter-atmospheres 0.0096782 dekaliter-atmospheres 0.096782 liter-atmospheres 0.96782 deciliter-atmospheres 9.6782 centiliter-atmospheres 96.782 milliliter-atmospheres 0.0000000000000967790 cubic kilometer-atmospheres 0.0000000000967790 cubic hektometer-atmospheres 0.0000000967790 cubic dekameter-atmospheres 0.0000967790 cubic meter-atmospheres 0.0034177 cubic foot-atmospheres 5.905746 cubic inch-atmospheres 0.0967790 cubic decimeters-atmospheres 96.779011 cubic centimeter-atmospheres 96,779.011 cubic millimeter-atmospheres 9.80665 joules 0.000000154324 Cheval-Vapeur hours 0.000000152208 horsepower day

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Universal Conversion Factors

0.0000036530 0.000219180 0.0131508 0.00000063718 0.0000095895 4.216948 0.0092972 98,066,500

horsepower hours horsepower minutes horsepower seconds pounds of carbon oxidized with 100% efficiency pounds of water evaporated from and at 212° F. BTU (mean) per pound BTU (mean) ergs

KILOGRAM METER PER SECOND: = 0.0098046 9.8046 0.0131508

kilowatts watts horsepower

KILOGRAM METER PER MINUTE: = 0.000163410 0.163410 0.000219180

kilowatts watts horsepower

KILOGRAM PER METER: = 1.774004 1.102311 0.00110231 0.001007956 0.000335985 0.0000279987 0.0000110231 0.00000110231 1,609.349954 1,000 1

tons (net) per mile tons (net) per kilometer tons (net) per meter tons (net) per yard tons (net) per foot tons (net) per inch tons (net) per centimeter tons (net) per millimeter kilograms per mile kilograms per kilometer kilograms per meter

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR 0.914403 0.304801 0.0254001 0.01 0.001 3,548.00896449 2,204.622341 2.204622 2.0159127 0.671971 0.0559976 0.0220462 0.00220462 56,768.143440 35,273.957456 35.273957 32.254604 10.751535 0.895961 0.352740 0.0352740 1,609,349.954 1,000,000 1,0000 914.403 304.801127 25.4001 10 1 24,836,063 15,432,356 15,432.356387 14,111.388900 4,703.79630 391.983025 154.323564 15.432356

kilograms per yard kilograms per foot kilograms per inch kilograms per centimeter kilograms per millimeter pounds (Avoir.) per mile pounds (Avoir.) per kilometer pounds (Avoir.) per meter pounds (Avoir.) per yard pounds (Avoir.) per foot pounds (Avoir.) per inch pounds (Avoir.) per centimeter pounds (Avoir.) per millimeter ounces (Avoir.) per mile ounces (Avoir.) per kilometer ounces (Avoir.) per meter ounces (Avoir.) per yard ounces (Avoir.) per foot ounces (Avoir.) per inch ounces (Avoir.) per centimeter ounces (Avoir.) per millimeter grams per mile kilograms per kilometer grams per meter grams per yard grams per foot grams per inch grams per centimeter grams per millimeter grains per mile grains per kilometer grains per meter grains per yard grains per foot grains per inch grains per centimeter grains per millimeter

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Universal Conversion Factors

KILOGRAM PER SQUARE CENTIMETER: = 10 32.80833 393.69996 1,000 10,000 0.735499 2.413053 28.956632 73.54985 735.49845 10,000 929.034238 6.451626 1.0 0.01 22,046.223 2,048.1696 14.2234 2.2046223 0.0220462 352,739.568 32,770.7136 227.5744 35.273957 0.352740 10,000,000 929,034.230 6,451.626597 1,000 10 154,324,000 14,337,228 99,564.0822955 15,432.4 154.324 0.967778

meters of water @ 60° F. feet of water @ 60° F. inches of water @ 60° F. centimeters of water @ 60°F. millimeters of water @ 60°F. meters of mercury @ 32° F feet of mercury @ 32° F inches of mercury @ 32° F centimeters of mercury @ 32° F millimeters of mercury @ 32° F kilograms per square meter kilograms per square foot kilograms per square inch kilograms per square centimeter kilograms per square millimeter pounds per square meter pounds per square foot pounds per square inch pounds per square centimeter pounds per square millimeter ounces per square meter ounces per square foot ounces per square inch ounces per square centimeter ounces per square millimeter grams per square meter grams per square foot grams per square inch grams per square centimeter grams per square millimeter grains per square meter grains per square foot grains per square inch grains per square centimeter grains per square millimeter atmospheres

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR KILOGRAM PER SQUARE FOOT: = 0.0107638 0.0353518 0.423774 1.076387 10.76387 0.000791682 0.00259738 0.0311689 0.0791682 0.791682 10.76387 1 0.00694445 0.00107639 0.0000107639 23.730265 2.204622 0.0153099 0.00237302 0.0000237302 379.684288 35.273957 0.244958 0.0379685 0.000379685 10,763.87 1,000 6.94445 1.076387 0.0107639 166,112.347388 15,432.4 107.169481 16.611235 0.166112 0.00104170

meters of water @ 60° F. feet of water @ 60° F. inches of water @ 60° F. centimeters of water @ 60°F. millimeters of water @ 60°F. meters of mercury @ 32° F feet of mercury @ 32° F inches of mercury @ 32° F centimeters of mercury @ 32° F millimeters of mercury @ 32° F kilograms per square meter kilograms per square foot kilograms per square inch kilograms per square centimeter kilograms per square millimeter pounds per square meter pounds per square foot pounds per square inch pounds per square centimeter pounds per square millimeter ounces per square meter ounces per square foot ounces per square inch ounces per square centimeter ounces per square millimeter grams per square meter grams per square foot grams per square inch grams per square centimeter grams per square millimeter grains per square meter grains per square foot grains per square inch grains per square centimeter grains per square millimeter atmospheres

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Universal Conversion Factors

KILOGRAM PER SQUARE INCH: = 1.549987 5.090659 61.023456 154.999728 1,549.99728 0.114002 0.374022 4.488322 11.40002 114.00022 1,549.99728 144 1 0.1549997 0.001549997 3,417.158160 317.465568 2.2046223 0.341715 0.00341715 54,674.537472 5,079.449808 35.273957 5.467464 0.0546746 1,549,997 144,000 1,000 154.999728 1.549997 23,920,178 2,222,266 15,432.4 2,392.017840 23.920178 0.150005

meters of water @ 60° F. feet of water @ 60° F. inches of water @ 60° F. centimeters of water @ 60°F. millimeters of water @ 60° F. meters of mercury @ 32° F. feet of mercury @ 32° F. inches of mercury @ 32° F. centimeters of mercury @ 32° F. millimeters of mercury @ 32° F. kilograms per square meter kilograms per square foot kilograms per square inch kilograms per square centimeter kilograms per square millimeter pounds per square meter pounds per square foot pounds per square inch pounds per square centimeter pounds per square millimeter ounces per square meter ounces per square foot ounces per square inch ounces per square centimeter ounces per square millimeter grams per square meter grams per square foot grams per square inch grams per square centimeter grams per square millimeter grains per square meter grains per square foot grains per square inch grains per square centimeter grains per square millimeter atmospheres

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR KILOGRAM PER SQUARE KILOMETER: = 0.000000001 0.00000032843 0.00000003937 0.0000001 0.000001 0.0000000000735499 0.000000000241305 0.00000000289570 0.00000000735499 0.0000000735499 0.000001 0.0000000929034 0.000000000645163 0.0000000001 0.000000000001 0.00000220462 0.000000204817 0.00000000142234 0.000000000220462 0.00000000000220462 0.0000352740 0.00000327707 0.0000000227574 0.00000000352740 0.0000000000352740 0.001 0.0000929034 0.000000645163 0.0000001 0.000000001 0.0154324 0.00143372 0.00000995640 0.00000154324 0.0000000154324 0.0000000000967778

meters of water @ 60° F. feet of water @ 60° F. inches of water @ 60° F. centimeters of water @ 60°F. millimeters of water @ 60°F. meters of mercury @ 32° F feet of mercury @ 32° F inches of mercury @ 32° F centimeters of mercury @ 32° F millimeters of mercury @ 32° F kilograms per square meter kilograms per square foot kilograms per square inch kilograms per square centimeter kilograms per square millimeter pounds per square meter pounds per square foot pounds per square inch pounds per square centimeter pounds per square millimeter ounces per square meter ounces per square foot ounces per square inch ounces per square centimeter ounces per square millimeter grams per square meter grams per square foot grams per square inch grams per square centimeter grams per square millimeter grains per square meter grains per square foot grains per square inch grains per square centimeter grains per square millimeter atmospheres

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Universal Conversion Factors

KILOGRAM PER SQUARE METER: = 0.001 0.0032843 0.03937 0.1 1 0.0000735499 0.000241300 0.00289570 0.0073549 0.0735499 1 0.0929034 0.000645163 0.0001 0.000001 2.204622 0.204817 0.00142234 0.000220462 0.00000220462 35.273957 3.277071 0.0227574 0.00352740 0.0000352740 1,000 92.903423 0.645163 0.1 0.001 15,432.4 1,433.7228 9,956,408 1.543240 0.01544324 0.0000967778

meters of water @ 60° F. feet of water @ 60° F. inches of water @ 60° F. centimeters of water @ 60°F. millimeters of water @ 60°F. meters of mercury @ 32° F. feet of mercury @ 32° F inches of mercury @ 32° F centimeters of mercury @ 32° F millimeters of mercury @ 32° F kilograms per square meter kilograms per square foot kilograms per square inch kilograms per square centimeter kilograms per square millimeter pounds per square meter pounds per square foot pounds per square inch pounds per square centimeter pounds per square millimeter ounces per square meter ounces per square foot ounces per square inch ounces per square centimeter ounces per square millimeter grams per square meter grams per square foot grams per square inch grams per square centimeter grams per square millimeter grains per square meter grains per square foot grains per square inch grains per square centimeter grains per square millimeter atmospheres

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR KILOGRAM PER SQUARE MILLIMETER: = 1,000 3,280.833 39,369.996 100,000 1,000,000 73.549845 241.3053 2,895.6632 7,354.9845 73,549.845 1,000,000 92,903.4238 645.1626 100 1 2,204.622 204,816.6 1,422.34 220.46223 2.204622 35,273,957 3,277,071 22,757.44 3,527.3957 35.273957 1,000,000,000 92,903,423 645,162.6597 100,000 1,000 15,432,400,000 1,433,722,800 9,956,408 1,543,240 15,432.4 96.7778

meters of water @ 60° F. feet of water @ 60° F. inches of water @ 60° F. centimeters of water @ 60°F. millimeters of water @ 60°F. meters of mercury @ 32° F feet of mercury @ 32° F inches of mercury @ 32° F centimeters of mercury @ 32° F millimeters of mercury @ 32° F kilograms per square meter kilograms per square foot kilograms per square inch kilograms per square centimeter kilograms per square millimeter pounds per square meter pounds per square foot pounds per square inch pounds per square centimeter pounds per square millimeter ounces per square meter ounces per square foot ounces per square inch ounces per square centimeter ounces per square millimeter grams per square meter grams per square foot grams per square inch grams per square centimeter grams per square millimeter grains per square meter grains per square foot grains per square inch grains per square centimeter grains per square millimeter atmospheres

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Universal Conversion Factors

KILOMETER: = 0.53961 0.62137 1 4.970974 10 49.709741 100 198.838579 1,000 1,093.6 1,181.1 3,280.8 4,374.440070 4,970.974310 9,842.50 10,000 100,000 39,370 1,000,000 39,370,000 1,000,000,000 1,000,000,000,000 1,000,000,000,000 546.81

miles (nautical) miles (statute) kilometers furlongs hektometers chains dekameters rods meters yards varas (Texas) feet spans links hands decimeters centimeters inches millimeters mils microns milli-microns micro-millimeters fathoms

KILOMETER PER DAY: = 0.62137 0.0258904 0.000431507 0.00000719718 1.0 0.0416667 0.000694444 0.0000115741 4.970974

miles per day miles per hour miles per minute miles per second kilometers per day kilometers per hour kilometers per minutes kilometers per second furlongs per day

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR 0.207124 0.00345207 0.0000575344 10 0.416667 0.00694444 0.00115741 49.709741 2.071239 0.0345207 0.00057534 100 4.166667 0.0694444 0.00115741 198.838579 8.284941 0.138082 0.00230137 1,000 41.666667 0.694444 0.0115741 1,093.6 45.566667 0.759444 0.0126574 1,181.1 49.21250 0.820208 0.0136701 3,280.8 136.7 2.278333 0.0379722 4,374.440070 182.268336 3.0378056 0.0506301

furlongs per hour furlongs per minute furlongs per second hektometers per day hektometers per hour hektometers per minute hektometers per second chains per day chains per hour chains per minute chains per second dekameters per day dekameters per hour dekameters per minute dekameters per second hour rods per day rods per hour rods per minute rods per minute meters per day meters per hour meters per minute meters per second yards per day yards per hour yards per minute yards per second varas (Texas) per day varas (Texas) per hour varas (Texas) per minute varas (Texas) per second feet per day feet per hour feet per minute feet per second spans per day spans per hour spans per minute spans per second

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Universal Conversion Factors

4,970.974310 207.123916 3.452065 0.0575344 9,842.50 410.104166 6.835069 0.113918 10,000 416.666664 6.944444 0.115741 100,000 4,166.666640 69.444444 1.157407 39,370 1,640.416666 27.340278 0.455671 1,000,000 41,666.6664 694.444444 11.574074

links per day links per hour links per minutes links per second hands per day hands per hour hands per minutes hands per second decimeters per day decimeters per hour decimeters per minute decimeters per second centimeters per day centimeters per hour centimeters per minute centimeters per second inches per day inches per hour inches per minute inches per second millimeters per day millimeters per hour millimeters per minute millimeters per second

KILOMETER PER HOUR: = 14.912880 0.62137 0.0103562 0.000172603 24 1 0.0166667 0.000277778 119.303376 4.970974 0.0828496

miles per day miles per hour miles per minute miles per second kilometers per day kilometers per hour kilometers per minutes kilometers per second furlongs per day furlongs per hour furlongs per minute

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR 0.00138083 240 10 0.166667 0.00277778 1,193.0337599 49.709741 0.828496 0.0138083 2,400 100 1.666667 0.0277778 4,772.125895 198.838579 3.313976 0.0552329 24,000 1,000 16.666667 0.277778 26,246.4 1,093.6 18.226667 0.303777 28,346.399997 1,181.1 19.685 0.328083 78,739.199997 3,2808.8 54.68 0.911333 104,986.561622 4,374.440070 72.907334 1.215122 119,303.375990 4,970.974310

furlongs per second hektometers per day hektometers per hour hektometers per minute hektometers per second chains per day chains per hour chains per minute chains per second dekameters per day dekameters per hour dekameters per minute dekameters per second hour rods per day rods per hour rods per minute rods per minute meters per day meters per hour meters per minute meters per second yards per day yards per hour yards per minute yards per second varas (Texas) per day varas (Texas) per hour varas (Texas) per minute varas (Texas) per second feet per day feet per hour feet per minute feet per second spans per day spans per hour spans per minute spans per second links per day links per hour

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Universal Conversion Factors

82.849567 1.380826 236,219.999933 9,842.5 164.0416666 2.734028 240,000 10,000 166.666667 2.777778 2,400,000 100,000 1,666.666667 27.777778 944,879.999904 39,370 656.166667 10.936111 24,000,000 1,000,000 16,666.666667 277.777778 0.5396

links per minutes links per second hands per day hands per hour hands per minute hands per second decimeters per day decimeters per hour decimeters per minute decimeters per second centimeters per day centimeters per hour centimeters per minute centimeters per second inches per day inches per hour inches per minute inches per second millimeters per day millimeters per hour millimeters per minute millimeters per second knots

KILOMETER PER MINUTE: = 894.772800 37.282200 0.62137 0.0103562 1,440 60 1 0.0166667 7,158.202560 298.258440 4.970974 0.0828496

miles per day miles per hour miles per minute miles per second kilometers per day kilometers per hour kilometers per minutes kilometers per second furlongs per day furlongs per hour furlongs per minute furlongs per second

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR 14,400 600 10 0.166667 71,582.0256029 2,982.584400 49.709741 0.828496 144,000 6,000 100 1.666667 286,327.553184 11,930.314716 198.838579 3.313976 1,440,000 60,000 1,000 16.666667 1,574,784 65,616.000012 1,093.6 18.226667 1,700,784 70,866.0 1,181.1 19.685 4,724,352 196,848 3,280.8 54.68 6,299,194 262,466.404200 4,374.440070 72.907335 7,158,203 298,258.440012 4,970.974310

hektometers per day hektometers per hour hektometers per minute hektometers per second chains per day chains per hour chains per minute chains per second dekameters per day dekameters per hour dekameters per minute dekameters per second hour rods per day rods per hour rods per minute rods per minute meters per day meters per hour meters per minute meters per second yards per day yards per hour yards per minute yards per second varas (Texas) per day varas (Texas) per hour varas (Texas) per minute varas (Texas) per second feet per day feet per hour feet per minute feet per second spans per day spans per hour spans per minute spans per second links per day links per hours links per minutes

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Universal Conversion Factors

82.849567 14,173,200 590,550 9,842.5 164.0416667 14,400,000 600,000 10,000 166.666667 144,000,000 6,000,000 100,000 1,666.666667 56,692,800 2,362,200 39,370 656.166667 1,440,000,000 60,000,000 1,000,000 16,666.666667

links per second hands per day hands per hour hands per minute hands per second decimeters per day decimeters per hour decimeters per minute decimeters per second centimeters per day centimeters per hour centimeters per minute centimeters per second inches per day inches per hour inches per minute inches per second millimeters per day millimeters per hour millimeters per minute millimeters per second

KILOMETER PER SECOND: = 53,686.3680 2,236.93200 37.28220 0.62137 86,400 3,600 60 1 429,492.180384 17,895.506400 298.258440 4.970974 864,000 36,000

miles per day miles per hour miles per minute miles per second kilometers per day kilometers per hour kilometers per minutes kilometers per second furlongs per day furlongs per hour furlongs per minute furlongs per second hektometers per day hektometers per hour

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR 600 10 4,294,922 178,955.064 2,982.58440 49.709741 8,640,000 360,000 6,000 100 17,179,653 715,818.88440 11,930.314740 198.838579 86,400,000 3,600,000 60,000 1,000 94,487,040 3,936,960 65,616 1,093.6 102,047,040 4,251,960 70,866 1,181.1 283,461,120 11,810,880 196,848 3,280.8 377,951,622 15,747,984 262,466.404200 4,374.440070 429,492,180 17,895,508 298,258.440 4,970.974310 850,392,000

hektometers per minute hektometers per second chains per day chains per hour chains per minute chains per second dekameters per day dekameters per hour dekameters per minute dekameters per second hour rods per day rods per hour rods per minute rods per minute meters per day meters per hour meters per minute meters per second yards per day yards per hour yards per minute yards per second varas (Texas) per day varas (Texas) per hour varas (Texas) per minute varas (Texas) per second feet per day feet per hour feet per minute feet per second spans per day spans per hour spans per minute spans per second links per day links per hour links per minute links per second hands per day

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Universal Conversion Factors

35,433,000 590,550 9,842.5 864,000,000 36,000,000 600,000 10,000 8,640,000,000 360,000,000 6,000,000 100,000 3,401,568,000 141,732,000 2,362,200 39,370 86,400,000,000 3,600,000,000 60,000,000 1,000,000

hands per hour hands per minute hands per second decimeters per day decimeters per hour decimeters per minute decimeters per second centimeters per day centimeters per hour centimeters per minute centimeters per second inches per day inches per hour inches per minute inches per second millimeters per day millimeters per hour millimeters per minute millimeters per second

KILOMETER PER HOUR PER SECOND: = 0.000172594 0.0002778 0.002778 0.02778 0.2778 0.303767 0.9113 2.778 27.78 10.9356 277.8

miles per second per second kilometers per second per second hektometers per second per second dekameters per second per second meters per second per second yards per second per second feet per second per second decimeters per second per second centimeters per second per second inches per second per second millimeters per second per second

D&D univ conv factors 10/23/01 3:28 PM Page 200

D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR KILOLITER: = 1 1 1.380 10 28.378 27.497 35.316 100 11.3513 264.18 227.0574264 219.977402 1,056.72 908.110825 1,000 1,000 2,113.44 8,453.76 10,000 34,607.58 100,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 1,000,000,000 1.101234 0.983252 1.0 1,000 2,202.46866 2,676.611 10,000 100,000 32,119.331983 35,239.49856 256,954.655866 563,831.97696 642,386.639664

kiloliters cubic meters cubic yards hektoliters bushels–U.S. (dry) bushels–Imperial (dry) cubic feet dekaliters pecks gallons (U.S.) liquid gallons (U.S.) dry gallons (Imperial) quarts (liquid) quarts (dry) liters cubic decimeters pints (liquid) gills (liquid) deciliters cubic inches centiliters milliliters cubic centimeters cubic millimeters tons (short) of water @ 62° F. tons (long) of water @ 62° F. tons (metric) of water @ 62° F. kilograms of water @ 62° F. pounds (Avoir.) of water @ 62° F. pounds (Troy) of water @ 62° F. hektograms of water @ 62° F. dekagrams of water @ 62° F. ounces (Troy) of water @ 62° F. ounces (Avoir.) of water @ 62° F. drams (Troy) of water @ 62° F. drams (Avoir.) of water @ 62° F. pennyweights of water @ 62 degrees F.

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Universal Conversion Factors

770,863.967597 1,000,000 10,000,000 15,417,281 100,00,000 1,000,000,000 33,815.04 270,520.32 32.105795

scruples (Avoir.) grams of water @ 62° F. decigrams of water @ 62° F. grains of water @ 62° F. centigrams of water @ 62° F. milligrams of water @ 62° F. ounces (fluid) drams (fluid) sacks of cement

KILOWATT: = 63,725,184 2,655,216 44,253.60 737.56 764,702,208 31,862,592 531,043.20 8,850.72 20,640.09600 860.004 14.33340 0.23889 45,503.615916 1,895.983996 31.599733 0.526662 728,057.85472 30,335.743936 505.595728 8.426592 20,640,096 860,004 14,333.40 238.89 81,930.52800 3,413.77200

foot pounds per day foot pounds per hour foot pounds per minute foot pounds per second inch pounds per day inch pounds per hour inch pounds per minute inch pounds per second kilogram calories (mean) per day kilogram calories (mean) per hour kilogram calories (mean) per minute kilogram calories (mean) per second pound calories (mean) per day pound calories (mean) per hour pound calories (mean) per minute pound calories (mean) per second ounce calories (mean) per day ounce calories (mean) per hour ounce calories (mean) per minute ounce calories (mean) per second gram calories (mean) per day gram calories (mean) per hour gram calories (mean) per minute gram calories (mean) per second BTU (mean) per day BTU (mean) per hour

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR 56.89620 BTU (mean) per minute 0.94827 BTU (mean) per second 1 kilowatts 1,000 watts 3,600,000 joules 1.341 horsepower 1.3597 horsepower (metric) 1.3597 Cheval-Vapeur hours 0.234 pounds of carbon oxidized with 100% efficiency 3.52 pounds of water evaporated from and at 212° F. 852.647040 kiloliter-atmospheres per day 35.52695 kiloliter-atmospheres per hour 0.592116 kiloliter-atmospheres per minute 0.0098686 kiloliter-atmospheres per second 852,647 liter-atmospheres per day 35,526.95 liter-atmospheres per hour 592.116 liter-atmospheres per minute 9.8686 liter-atmospheres per second 8,808,000 kilogram meters per day 367,000 kilogram meters per hour 6,116.666667 kilogram meters per minute 101.944444 kilogram meters per second

LINK (SURVEYORS): = 0.0001250 0.000201168 0.001 0.00201168 0.01 0.0201168 0.04 0.201168 0.22 0.23760 0.66 0.879998 1.98

miles kilometers furlongs hektometers chains dekameters rods meters yards varas (Texas) feet spans hands

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Universal Conversion Factors

2.011684 20.11684 7.92 201.1684 7,920 201,168 201,168,400 201,168,400 312,447 201,168,400,000

decimeters centimeters inches millimeters mils microns milli-microns micro-millimeters wave lengths of red line of cium Angstrom Units

LITER: = 0.001 0.001 0.0013080 0.00628995 0.01 0.028378 0.027497 0.0353144 0.1 0.113512 0.264178 0.22702 0.21998 1.056710 0.908102 1 1.8162 2.1134 7.0392 8.4538 10 61.025 100 1,000 1,000

kiloliters cubic meters cubic yards barrels hektoliters bushels (U.S.) dry bushels (Imperial) dry cubic feet dekaliters pecks (U.S.) dry gallons (U.S.) liquid gallons (U.S.) dry gallons (Imperial) quarts (liquid) quarts (dry) cubic decimeters pints (U.S.) dry pints (U.S.) liquid gills (Imperial) gills (U.S.) deciliters cubic inches centiliters milliliters cubic centimeters

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR 1,000,000 33.8147 35.196 270.5179 16,231.0740 2.20462

cubic millimeters ounces (U.S.) fluid ounces (Imperial) fluid drams (fluid) minims pounds of water at maximum density

LITER ATMOSPHERE: = 2,404.59243 28,855.10916 74.738589 896.863068 0.0000242071 0.0242071 0.0533676 0.242071 2.42071 0.853881 24.2071 242.071 2,420.71 24,207.1 0.00000117258 0.0000281419 0.00168852 0.101311 0.00117258 0.0281419 1.688516 101.310932 0.010333 10.333 22.780362 103.33 1,033.3 364.485798 10,333

foot poundals inch poundals foot pounds inch pounds ton calories kilogram calories pound calories hektogram calories dekagram calories ounce calories gram calories (mean) decigram calories centigram calories milligram calories kilowatt days kilowatt hours kilowatt minutes kilowatt seconds watt days watt hours watt minutes watt seconds ton meters kilogram meters pound meters hektogram meters dekagram meters ounce meters gram meters

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Universal Conversion Factors

103,330 1,033,300 10,333,000 0.00010333 0.10333 0.227804 1.0333 10.333 3.644858 103.33 1,033.3 10,333 103,330 0.0010330 1.0333 2.278036 10.333 103.33 36.448583 1033.3 10,333 103,330 1,033,300 0.0339001 33.900951 74.738796 339.009507 3,390.095072 1,195.820731 33,900.950719 339,009.50719 3,390,095 33,900,951 0.406811 406.811409 896.865507 4,068.114086 40,681.140863 14,349.848105

decigram meters centigram meters milligram meters ton hektometers kilogram hektometers pound hektometers hektogram hektometers dekagram hektometers ounce hektometers gram hektometers decigram hektometers centigram hektometers milligram hektometers ton dekameters kilogram dekameters pound dekameters hektogram dekameters dekagram dekameters ounce dekameters gram dekameters decigram dekameters centigram dekameters milligram dekameters ton feet kilogram feet pound feet hektogram feet dekagram feet ounce feet gram feet decigram feet centigram feet milligram feet ton inches kilogram inches pound inches hektogram inches dekagram inches ounce inches

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR 406,811.408628 4,068,114 40,681,141 406,811,409 0.10333 103.33 227.803622 1,033.3 10,333 3,644.857956 103,330 1,033,300 10,333,000 103,330,000 1.0333 1,033.3 2,278.036223 10,333 103,330 36,448.579561 1,033,300 10,333,000 103,330,000 1,033,300,000 10.333 10,333 22,780.362226 103,330 1,033,300 364,485.795614 10,333,000 103,330,000 1,033,300,000 10,333,000,000 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10

gram inches decigram inches centigram inches milligram inches ton decimeters kilogram decimeters pound decimeters hektogram decimeters dekagram decimeters ounce decimeters gram decimeters decigram decimeters centigram decimeters milligram decimeters ton centimeters kilogram centimeters pound centimeters hektogram centimeters dekagram centimeters ounce centimeters gram centimeters decigram centimeters centigram centimeters milligram centimeters ton millimeters kilogram millimeters pound millimeters hektogram millimeters dekagram millimeters ounce millimeters gram millimeters decigram millimeters centigram millimeters milligram millimeters kiloliter-atmospheres hektoliter-atmospheres dekaliter-atmospheres liter-atmospheres deciliter-atmospheres

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Universal Conversion Factors

100 1,000 0.000000000001 0.000000001 0.000001 0.001 0.035319 61.025 1 1,000 1,000,000 101.328 0.00003827 0.00000157277 0.000037745 0.00226479 0.135887 0.00000658398 0.00009907 43.573724 0.09607 1,013,321,145

centiliter-atmospheres milliliter-atmospheres cubic kilometer-atmospheres cubic hektometer-atmospheres cubic dekameter-atmospheres cubic meter-atmospheres cubic foot-atmospheres cubic inch-atmospheres cubic decimeter-atmospheres cubic centimeter-atmospheres cubic millimeter-atmospheres joules (absolute) Cheval-Vapeur hours horsepower days horsepower hours horsepower minutes horsepower seconds pounds of carbon oxidized with 100% efficiency pounds of water evaporated from and at 212° F. BTU (mean) per pound BTU (mean) ergs

LITER PER DAY: = 0.001 0.0000416667 0.000000694444 0.0000000115741 0.001 0.0000416667 0.000000694444 0.0000000115741 0.0013080 0.0000545000 0.000000908333

kiloliters per day kiloliters per hour kiloliters per minute kiloliters per second cubic meters per day cubic meters per hour cubic meters per minute cubic meters per second cubic yards per day cubic yards per hour cubic yards per minute

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR 0.0000000151389 0.00628996 0.000262082 0.00000436803 0.0000000728005 0.01 0.000416667 0.00000694444 0.000000115741 0.028378 0.00118242 0.0000197069 0.000000328449 0.027497 0.00114571 0.0000190951 0.000000318252 0.0353144 0.00147143 0.000024539 0.000000408731 0.1 0.00416667 0.0000694444 0.00000115741 0.113512 0.00472967 0.0000788278 0.00000131380 0.264178 0.0110074 0.000183457 0.00000305762 0.22702 0.00945917 0.000157653 0.00000262755 0.21998 0.00916583

cubic yards per second barrels per day barrels per hour barrels per minute barrels per second hektoliters per day hektoliters per hour hektoliters per minute hektoliters per second bushels (U.S.-dry) per day bushels (U.S.-dry) per hour bushels (U.S.-dry) per minute bushels (U.S.-dry) per second bushels (Imperial-dry) per day bushels (Imperial-dry) per hour bushels (Imperial-dry) per minute bushels (Imperial-dry) per second cubic feet per day cubic feet per hour cubic feet per minute cubic feet per second dekaliters per day dekaliters per hour dekaliters per minute dekaliters per second pecks (U.S.-dry) per day pecks (U.S.-dry) per hour pecks (U.S.-dry) per minute pecks (U.S.-dry) per second gallons (U.S.-liquid) per day gallons (U.S.-liquid) per hour gallons (U.S.-liquid) per minute gallons (U.S.-liquid) per second gallons (U.S.-dry) per day gallons (U.S.-dry) per hour gallons (U.S.-dry) per minute gallons (U.S.-dry) per second gallons (Imperial) per day gallons (Imperial) per hour

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Universal Conversion Factors

0.000152764 0.00000254606 1.056710 0.0440296 0.000733826 0.0000122304 0.908102 0.0378376 0.000630626 0.0000105104 1 0.0416667 0.000694444 0.0000115741 1 0.0416667 0.000694444 0.0000115741 1.8162 0.0756750 0.00126125 0.0000210208 2.1134 0.0880583 0.00146764 0.0000244606 7.0392 0.293300 0.00488833 0.0000814722 8.4538 0.352242 0.00587069 0.0000978449 10 0.416667 0.00694444 0.000115741 61.025

gallons (Imperial) per minute gallons (Imperial) per second quarts (liquid) per day quarts (liquid) per hour quarts (liquid) per minute quarts (liquid) per second quarts (dry) per day quarts (dry) per hour quarts (dry) per minute quarts (dry) per second liters per day liters per hour liters per minute liters per second cubic decimeters per day cubic decimeters per hour cubic decimeters per minute cubic decimeters per second pints (U.S.-dry) per day pints (U.S.-dry) per hour pints (U.S.-dry) per minute pints (U.S.-dry) per second pints (U.S.-liquid) per day pints (U.S.-liquid) per hour pints (U.S.-liquid) per minute pints (U.S.-liquid) per second gills (Imperial) per day gills (Imperial) per hour gills (Imperial) per minute gills (Imperial) per second gills (U.S.) per day gills (U.S.) per hour gills (U.S.) per minute gills (U.S.) per second deciliters per day deciliters per hour deciliters per minute deciliters per second cubic inches per day

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR 2.542708 0.0423785 0.000706308 100 4.166667 0.0694444 0.00115741 1,000 41.666667 0.694444 0.0115741 1,000 41.666667 0.694444 0.0115741 1,000,000 41,666.666400 694.444444 11.574074 33.8147 1.408946 0.0234824 0.000391374 35.196 1.466500 0.0244417 0.000407361 270.5179 11.271579 0.187860 0.00313099 16,231.0740 676.294747 11.271579 0.187860

cubic inches per hour cubic inches per minute cubic inches per second centiliters per day centiliters per hour centiliters per minute centiliters per second milliliters per day milliliters per hour milliliters per minute milliliters per second cubic centimeters per day cubic centimeters per hour cubic centimeters per minute cubic centimeters per second cubic millimeters per day cubic millimeters per hour cubic millimeters per minute cubic millimeters per second ounces (U.S.) fluid per day ounces (U.S.) fluid per hour ounces (U.S.) fluid per minute ounces (U.S.) fluid per second ounces (Imperial-fluid) per day ounces (Imperial-fluid) per hour ounces (Imperial-fluid) per minute ounces (Imperial-fluid) per second drams (fluid) per day drams (fluid) per hour drams (fluid) per minute drams (fluid) per second minims per day minims per hour minims per minute minims per second

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Universal Conversion Factors

LITER PER HOUR: = 0.0240 0.001 0.0000166667 0.000000277778 0.0240 0.001 0.0000166667 0.000000277778 0.031392 0.0013080 0.0000218 0.000000363333 0.150959 0.00628995 0.000104833 0.00000174721 0.24 0.01 0.000166667 0.00000277778 0.681072 0.028378 0.000472967 0.00000788278 0.659928 0.027497 0.000458283 0.00000763806 0.84746 0.0353144 0.000588573 0.00000980956 2.4 0.1 0.00166667 0.0000277778 2.724288

kiloliters per day kiloliters per hour kiloliters per minute kiloliters per second cubic meters per day cubic meters per hour cubic meters per minute cubic meters per second cubic yards per day cubic yards per hour cubic yards per minute cubic yards per second barrels per day barrels per hour barrels per minute barrels per second hektoliters per day hektoliters per hour hektoliters per minute hektoliters per second bushels (U.S.-dry) per day bushels (U.S.-dry) per hour bushels (U.S.-dry) per minute bushels (U.S.-dry) per second bushels (Imperial-dry) per day bushels (Imperial-dry) per hour bushels (Imperial-dry) per minute bushels (Imperial-dry) per second cubic feet per day cubic feet per hour cubic feet per minute cubic feet per second dekaliters per day dekaliters per hour dekaliters per minute dekaliters per second pecks (U.S.-dry) per day

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR 0.113512 0.00189187 0.0000315311 6.340272 0.264178 0.00440297 0.0000733828 5.448480 0.22702 0.00378367 0.0000630611 5.279520 0.21998 0.00366633 0.0000611056 25.361040 1.056710 0.0176118 0.000293531 21.794448 0.908102 0.0151350 0.000252251 24 1 0.0166667 0.000277778 24 1 0.0166667 0.00027778 43.58880 1.8162 0.0302700 0.0005045 50.721600 2.1134 0.0352233 0.000587056

pecks (U.S.-dry) per hour pecks (U.S.-dry) per minute pecks (U.S.-dry) per second gallons (U.S.-liquid) per day gallons (U.S.-liquid) per hour gallons (U.S.-liquid) per minute gallons (U.S.-liquid) per second gallons (U.S.-dry) per day gallons (U.S.-dry) per hour gallons (U.S.-dry) per minute gallons (U.S.-dry) per second gallons (Imperial) per day gallons (Imperial) per hour gallons (Imperial) per minute gallons (Imperial) per second quarts (liquid) per day quarts (liquid) per hour quarts (liquid) per minute quarts (liquid) per second quarts (dry) per day quarts (dry) per hour quarts (dry) per minute quarts (dry) per second liters per day liters per hour liters per minute liters per second cubic decimeters per day cubic decimeters per hour cubic decimeters per minute cubic decimeters per second pints (U.S.-dry) per day pints (U.S.-dry) per hour pints (U.S.-dry) per minute pints (U.S.-dry) per second pints (U.S.-liquid) per day pints (U.S.-liquid) per hour pints (U.S.-liquid) per minute pints (U.S.-liquid) per second

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Universal Conversion Factors

168.940800 7.0392 0.117320 0.00195533 202.891200 8.4538 0.140897 0.00234828 240 10 0.166667 0.00277778 1,464.6 61.025 1.0170833 0.0169514 2,400 100 1.666667 0.0277778 24,000 1,000 16.666667 0.277778 24,000 1,000 16.666667 0.277778 24,000,000 1,000,000 16,666.666667 277.777778 811.552800 33.8147 0.563578 0.00939297 844.704 35.196 0.586600

gills (Imperial) per day gills (Imperial) per hour gills (Imperial) per minute gills (Imperial) per second gills (U.S.) per day gills (U.S.) per hour gills (U.S.) per minute gills (U.S.) per second deciliters per day deciliters per hour deciliters per minute deciliters per second cubic inches per day cubic inches per hour cubic inches per minute cubic inches per second centiliters per day centiliters per hour centiliters per minute centiliters per second milliliters per day milliliters per hour milliliters per minute milliliters per second cubic centimeters per day cubic centimeters per hour cubic centimeters per minute cubic centimeters per second cubic millimeters per day cubic millimeters per hour cubic millimeters per minute cubic millimeters per second ounces (U.S.) fluid per day ounces (U.S.) fluid per hour ounces (U.S.) fluid per minute ounces (U.S.) fluid per second ounces (Imperial-fluid) per day ounces (Imperial-fluid) per hour ounces (Imperial-fluid) per minute

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR 0.00977667 6,492.429599 270.5179 4.508632 0.0751439 389,545.775424 16,231.0740 270.5179 4.508632

ounces (Imperial-fluid) per second drams (fluid) per day drams (fluid) per hour drams (fluid) per minute drams (fluid) per second minims per day minims per hour minims per minute minims per second

LITER PER MINUTE: = 1.440 0.0600 0.001 0.000016667 1.440 0.0600 0.001 0.0000166667 1.883520 0.0784800 0.0013080 0.0000218 9.0575383 0.377397 0.00628996 0.000104833 14.40 0.600 0.01 0.000166667 40.864320 1.702680 0.028378 0.000472967 39.595680 1.649820

kiloliters per day kiloliters per hour kiloliters per minute kiloliters per second cubic meters per day cubic meters per hour cubic meters per minute cubic meters per second cubic yards per day cubic yards per hour cubic yards per minute cubic yards per second barrels per day barrels per hour barrels per minute barrels per second hektoliters per day hektoliters per hour hektoliters per minute hektoliters per second bushels (U.S.-dry) per day bushels (U.S.-dry) per hour bushels (U.S.-dry) per minute bushels (U.S.-dry) per second bushels (Imperial-dry) per day bushels (Imperial-dry) per hour

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Universal Conversion Factors

0.027497 0.000458283 50.852736 2.118864 0.0353144 0.000588573 144.0 6.0 0.1 0.00166667 163.457280 6.810720 0.113512 0.00189187 380.416320 15.850680 0.264178 0.00440297 326.908800 13.621200 0.22702 0.00378367 316.771200 13.198800 0.21998 0.00366633 1,521.662400 63.402600 1.056710 0.0176118 1,307.666880 54.486120 0.908102 0.0151350 1,440 60 1 0.0166667 1,440

bushels (Imperial-dry) per minute bushels (Imperial-dry) per second cubic feet per day cubic feet per hour cubic feet per minute cubic feet per second dekaliters per day dekaliters per hour dekaliters per minute dekaliters per second pecks (U.S.-dry) per day pecks (U.S.-dry) per hour pecks (U.S.-dry) per minute pecks (U.S.-dry) per second gallons (U.S.-liquid) per day gallons (U.S.-liquid) per hour gallons (U.S.-liquid) per minute gallons (U.S.-liquid) per second gallons (U.S.-dry) per day gallons (U.S.-dry) per hour gallons (U.S.-dry) per minute gallons (U.S.-dry) per second gallons (Imperial) per day gallons (Imperial) per hour gallons (Imperial) per minute gallons (Imperial) per second quarts (liquid) per day quarts (liquid) per hour quarts (liquid) per minute quarts (liquid) per second quarts (dry) per day quarts (dry) per hour quarts (dry) per minute quarts (dry) per second liters per day liters per hour liters per minute liters per second cubic decimeters per day

D&D univ conv factors 10/23/01 3:28 PM Page 216

D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR 60 1 0.0166667 2,615.328 108.972 1.8162 0.0302700 3,043.296 126.804 2.1134 0.0352233 10,136.448 422.352 7.0392 0.117320 12,173.472003 507.228 8.4538 0.140897 14,400 600 10 0.166667 87,875.999971 3,661.500 61.025 1.0170833 144,000 6,000 100 1.666667 1,440,000 60,000 1,000 16.666667 1,440,000 60,000 1,000 16.666667

cubic decimeters per hour cubic decimeters per minute cubic decimeters per second pints (U.S.-dry) per day pints (U.S.-dry) per hour pints (U.S.-dry) per minute pints (U.S.-dry) per second pints (U.S.-liquid) per day pints (U.S.-liquid) per hour pints (U.S.-liquid) per minute pints (U.S.-liquid) per second gills (Imperial) per day gills (Imperial) per hour gills (Imperial) per minute gills (Imperial) per second gills (U.S.) per day gills (U.S.) per hour gills (U.S.) per minute gills (U.S.) per second deciliters per day deciliters per hour deciliters per minute deciliters per second cubic inches per day cubic inches per hour cubic inches per minute cubic inches per second centiliters per day centiliters per hour centiliters per minute centiliters per second milliliters per day milliliters per hour milliliters per minute milliliters per second cubic centimeters per day cubic centimeters per hour cubic centimeters per minute cubic centimeters per second

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Universal Conversion Factors

1,440,000,000 60,000,000 1,000,000 16,666.666667 48,693.167997 2,028.882 33.8147 0.563578 50,682.240 2,111.760 35.196 0.586600 389,545.776029 16,231.0740 270.5179 4.508632 23,372,747 973,864.440 16,231.0740 270.5179

cubic millimeters per day cubic millimeters per hour cubic millimeters per minute cubic millimeters per second ounces (U.S.) fluid per day ounces (U.S.) fluid per hour ounces (U.S.) fluid per minute ounces (U.S.) fluid per second ounces (Imperial-fluid) per day ounces (Imperial-fluid) per hour ounces (Imperial-fluid) per minute ounces (Imperial-fluid) per second drams (fluid) per day drams (fluid) per hour drams (fluid) per minute drams (fluid) per second minims per day minims per hour minims per minute minims per second

LITER PER SECOND: = 86.4 3.60 0.060 0.001 86.4 3.60 0.060 0.001 113.0112 4.708800 0.0784800 0.0013080 543.451886 22.643829 0.377397

kiloliters per day kiloliters per hour kiloliters per minute kiloliters per second cubic meters per day cubic meters per hour cubic meters per minute cubic meters per second cubic yards per day cubic yards per hour cubic yards per minute cubic yards per second barrels per day barrels per hour barrels per minute

D&D univ conv factors 10/23/01 3:28 PM Page 218

D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR 0.00628995 864 36 0.60 0.01 2,451.859200 102.160800 1.702680 0.028378 2,375.740800 98.989200 1.649820 0.027497 3,051.164160 127.131840 2.118864 0.0353144 8,640 360 6.0 0.1 9,807.436800 408.643200 6.810720 0.113512 22,824.979200 951.040800 15.850680 0.264178 19,614.52800 817.27200 13.62120 0.22702 19,006.27200 791.92800 13.19880 0.21998 91,299.744 3,804.156

barrels per second hektoliters per day hektoliters per hour hektoliters per minute hektoliters per second bushels (U.S.-dry) per day bushels (U.S.-dry) per hour bushels (U.S.-dry) per minute bushels (U.S.-dry) per second bushels (Imperial-dry) per day bushels (Imperial-dry) per hour bushels (Imperial-dry) per minute bushels (Imperial-dry) per second cubic feet per day cubic feet per hour cubic feet per minute cubic feet per second dekaliters per day dekaliters per hour dekaliters per minute dekaliters per second pecks (U.S.-dry) per day pecks (U.S.-dry) per hour pecks (U.S.-dry) per minute pecks (U.S.-dry) per second gallons (U.S.-liquid) per day gallons (U.S.-liquid) per hour gallons (U.S.-liquid) per minute gallons (U.S.-liquid) per second gallons (U.S.-dry) per day gallons (U.S.-dry) per hour gallons (U.S.-dry) per minute gallons (U.S.-dry) per second gallons (Imperial) per day gallons (Imperial) per hour gallons (Imperial) per minute gallons (Imperial) per second quarts (liquid) per day quarts (liquid) per hour

D&D univ conv factors 10/23/01 3:28 PM Page 219

Universal Conversion Factors

63.402600 1.056710 78,460.01280 3,269.167200 54.486120 0.908102 86,400 3,600 60 1 86,400 3,600 60 1 156,920 6,538.320 108.9720 1.8162 182,598 7,608.2400 126.8040 2.1134 608,187 25,341.12 422.3520 7.0392 730,408 30,433.68 507.2280 8.4538 864,000 36,000 600 10 5,272,560 219,690 3,661.500 61.025 8,640,000

quarts (liquid) per minute quarts (liquid) per second quarts (dry) per day quarts (dry) per hour quarts (dry) per minute quarts (dry) per second liters per day liters per hour liters per minute liters per second cubic decimeters per day cubic decimeters per hour cubic decimeters per minute cubic decimeters per second pints (U.S.-dry) per day pints (U.S.-dry) per hour pints (U.S.-dry) per minute pints (U.S.-dry) per second pints (U.S.-liquid) per day pints (U.S.-liquid) per hour pints (U.S.-liquid) per minute pints (U.S.-liquid) per second gills (Imperial) per day gills (Imperial) per hour gills (Imperial) per minute gills (Imperial) per second gills (U.S.) per day gills (U.S.) per hour gills (U.S.) per minute gills (U.S.) per second deciliters per day deciliters per hour deciliters per minute deciliters per second cubic inches per day cubic inches per hour cubic inches per minute cubic inches per second centiliters per day

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR 360,000 6,000 100 86,400,000 3,600,000 60,000 1,000 86,400,000 3,600,000 60,000 1,000 86,400,000,000 3,600,000,000 60,000,000 1,000,000 2,921,590 121,733 2,028.8820 33.8147 3,040,934 126,706 2,111.76 35.196 23,372,747 973,864 16,231.0740 270.5179 1,402,364,794 58,431,866 973,864 16,231.0740

centiliters per hour centiliters per minute centiliters per second milliliters per day milliliters per hour milliliters per minute milliliters per second cubic centimeters per day cubic centimeters per hour cubic centimeters per minute cubic centimeters per second cubic millimeters per day cubic millimeters per hour cubic millimeters per minute cubic millimeters per second ounces (U.S.) fluid per day ounces (U.S.) fluid per hour ounces (U.S.) fluid per minute ounces (U.S.) fluid per second ounces (Imperial-fluid) per day ounces (Imperial-fluid) per hour ounces (Imperial-fluid) per minute ounces (Imperial-fluid) per second drams (fluid) per day drams (fluid) per hour drams (fluid) per minute drams (fluid) per second minims per day minims per hour minims per minute minims per second

METER: = 0.00053961 0.00062137 0.001 0.00497097

miles (nautical) miles (statute) kilometers furlongs

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Universal Conversion Factors

0.01 0.0497097 0.1 0.198839 1 1.093611 1.811 3.280833 4.374440 4.970974 9.84250 10 100 39.370 1,000 39,370 1,000,000 1,000,000,000 1,000,000,000 1,553,164 1,000,000 0.54681

hektometers chains dekameters rods meters yards varas (Texas) feet spans links hands decimeters centimeters inches millimeters mils microns milli-microns micro-millimeters wave lengths of red line of cium Angstrom Units fathoms

METER PER DAY: = 0.000053961 0.0000224837 0.000000374729 0.00000000624549 0.00062137 0.0000258904 0.000000431507 0.00000000719178 0.001 0.0000416667 0.000000694444 0.0000000115741 0.00497097

miles (nautical) per day miles (nautical) per hour miles (nautical) per minute miles (nautical) per second miles (statute) per day miles (statute) per hour miles (statute) per minute miles (statute) per second kilometers per day kilometers per hour kilometers per minutes kilometers per second furlongs per day

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR 0.000207124 0.00000345206 0.0000000575344 0.01 0.000416667 0.00000694444 0.000000115741 0.0497097 0.00207124 0.0000345206 0.000000575344 0.1 0.00416667 0.0000694444 0.00000115741 0.198839 0.00828496 0.000138083 0.00000230138 1 0.0416667 0.000694444 0.0000115741 1.093611 0.0455671 0.000759452 0.0000126575 1.1811 0.0492125 0.000820208 0.0000136701 3.280833 0.133680 0.00222801 0.0000371334 4.374440 0.182268 0.00303781 0.0000506301

furlongs per hours furlongs per minute furlongs per second hektometers per day hektometers per hour hektometers per minute hektometers per second chains per day chains per hour chains per minute chains per second dekameters per day dekameters per hour dekameters per minute dekameters per second rods per day rods per hour rods per minute rods per second meters per day meters per hour meters per minute meters per second yards per day yards per hour yards per minute yards per second varas (Texas) per day varas (Texas) per hour varas (Texas) per minute varas (Texas) per second feet per day feet per hour feet per minute feet per seconds spans per day spans per hour spans per minute spans per second

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Universal Conversion Factors

4.970974 0.207124 0.00345206 0.0000575344 10 0.416667 0.00694444 0.000115741 100 4.166667 0.0694444 0.00115741 39.370 1.640417 0.0273403 0.000455671 1,000 41.666667 0.694444 0.0115741 39,370 1,640.416667 27.340278 0.455671 1,000,000 41,666.666400 694.444444 11.574074 1,000,000 41,666.666400 694.444444 11.574074

links per day links per hours links per minutes links per second decimeters per day decimeters per hour decimeters per minute decimeters per second centimeters per day centimeters per hour centimeters per minute centimeters per second inches per day inches per hour inches per minute inches per second millimeters per day millimeters per hour millimeters per minute millimeters per second mils per day mils per hour mils per minute mils per second microns per day microns per hour microns per minute microns per second Angstrom Units per day Angstrom Units per hour Angstrom Units per minute Angstrom Units per second

METER PER HOUR: = 0.0129506 0.00053961 0.00000899350

miles (nautical) per day miles (nautical) per hour miles (nautical) per minute

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR 0.000000149892 0.0149129 0.00062137 0.0000103562 0.000000172603 0.0240 0.001 0.0000166667 0.000000277778 0.119303 0.00497097 0.0000828495 0.00000138083 0.240 0.01 0.000166667 0.00000277778 1.193033 0.0497097 0.000828495 0.0000138083 2.4 0.1 0.00166667 0.0000277778 4.772136 0.198839 0.00331398 0.0000552331 24 1 0.0166667 0.000277778 26.246664 1.093611 0.0182268 0.000303781 28.346400 1.1811

miles (nautical) per second miles (statute) per day miles (statute) per hour miles (statute) per minute miles (statute) per second kilometers per day kilometers per hour kilometers per minutes kilometers per second furlongs per day furlongs per hours furlongs per minute furlongs per second hektometers per day hektometers per hour hektometers per minute hektometers per second chains per day chains per hour chains per minute chains per second dekameters per day dekameters per hour dekameters per minute dekameters per second rods per day rods per hour rods per minute rods per second meters per day meters per hour meters per minute meters per second yards per day yards per hour yards per minute yards per second varas (Texas) per day varas (Texas) per hour

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Universal Conversion Factors

0.0196850 0.000328083 78.74 3.280833 0.0546806 0.000911343 104.986560 4.374440 0.0729073 0.00121512 119.303280 4.970974 0.0828495 0.00138083 240 10 0.166667 0.00277778 2,400 100 1.666667 0.0277778 944.880 39.370 0.656167 0.0109361 24,000 1,000 16.666667 0.277778 944,879.999004 39,370 656.166667 10.936111 24,000,000 1,000,000 16,666.666667 277.777778 24,000,000

varas (Texas) per minute varas (Texas) per second feet per day feet per hour feet per minute feet per seconds spans per day spans per hour spans per minute spans per second links per day links per hours links per minutes links per second decimeters per day decimeters per hour decimeters per minute decimeters per second centimeters per day centimeters per hour centimeters per minute centimeters per second inches per day inches per hour inches per minute inches per second millimeters per day millimeters per hour millimeters per minute millimeters per second mils per day mils per hour mils per minute mils per second microns per day microns per hour microns per minute microns per second Angstrom Units per day

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR 1,000,000 16,666.666667 277.777778

Angstrom Units per hour Angstrom Units per minute Angstrom Units per second

METER PER MINUTE: = 0.777038 0.0323766 0.00053961 0.00000899350 0.894773 0.0372822 0.00062137 0.0000103562 1.440 0.0600 0.001 0.0000166667 7.158197 0.298258 0.00497097 0.0000828495 14.40 0.600 0.01 0.000166667 71.581968 2.982582 0.0497097 0.000828495 144.0 6.0 0.1 0.00166667 286.328160 11.930340 0.198839 0.00331398

miles (nautical) per day miles (nautical) per hour miles (nautical) per minute miles (nautical) per second miles (statute) per day miles (statute) per hour miles (statute) per minute miles (statute) per second kilometers per day kilometers per hour kilometers per minutes kilometers per second furlongs per day furlongs per hour furlongs per minute furlongs per second hektometers per day hektometers per hour hektometers per minute hektometers per second chains per day chains per hour chains per minute chains per second dekameters per day dekameters per hour dekameters per minute dekameters per second hour rods per day rods per hour rods per minute rods per second

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Universal Conversion Factors

1,440 60 1 0.0166667 1,574.799840 65.616660 1.093611 0.0182269 1,700.784 70.866 1.1811 0.0196850 4,724.400 196.85 3.280833 0.0546806 6,299.193600 262.466400 4.374440 0.0729073 7,158.196800 298.258200 4.970974 0.0828495 14,400 600 10 0.166667 144,000 6,000 100 1.666667 56,692.800 2,362.200 39.370 0.656167 1,440,000 60,000 1,000

meters per day meters per second meters per minute meters per second yards per day yards per hour yards per minute yards per second varas (Texas) per day varas (Texas) per hour varas (Texas) per minute varas (Texas) per second feet per day feet per hour feet per minute feet per second spans per day spans per hour spans per minute spans per second links per day links per hour links per minute links per second decimeters per day decimeters per hour decimeters per minute decimeters per second centimeters per day centimeters per hour centimeters per minute centimeters per second inches per day inches per hour inches per minute inches per second millimeters per day millimeters per hour millimeters per minute

D&D univ conv factors 10/23/01 3:28 PM Page 228

D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR 16.666667 56,692,800 2,362,200 39,370 656.166667 1,440,000,000 60,000,000 1,000,000 16,666.666667 1,440,000,000 60,000,000 1,000,000 16,666.666667

millimeters per second mils per day mils per hour mils per minute mils per second microns per day microns per hour microns per minute microns per second Angstrom Units per day Angstrom Units per hour Angstrom Units per minute Angstrom Units per second

METER PER SECOND: = 46.622304 1.942596 0.0323766 0.00053961 53.686368 2.236932 0.0372822 0.00062137 86.4 3.60 0.060 0.001 429.491808 17.895492 0.298258 0.00497097 864 36 0.60 0.01 4,294.918080 178.954920

miles (nautical) per day miles (nautical) per hour miles (nautical) per minute miles (nautical) per second miles (statute) per day miles (statute) per hour miles (statute) per minute miles (statute) per second kilometers per day kilometers per hour kilometers per minute kilometers per second furlongs per day furlongs per hour furlongs per minute furlongs per second hektometers per day hektometers per hour hektometers per minute hektometers per second chains per day chains per hour

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Universal Conversion Factors

2.982582 0.0497097 8,640 360 6.0 0.1 17,179.689600 715.820400 11.930340 0.198839 86,400 3,600 60 1 94,487.990400 3,936.99960 65.616660 1.093611 102,047.0400 4,251.9600 70.8660 1.1811 283,463.971200 11,810.998800 196.849980 3.280833 377,951.616000 15,747.984000 262.466400 4.374440 429,492.153600 17,895.506400 298.258440 4.970974 864,000 36,000 600 10 8,640,000

chains per minute chains per second dekameters per day dekameters per hour dekameters per minute dekameters per second hour rods per day rods per hour rods per minute rods per second meters per day meters per hour meters per minute meters per second yards per day yards per hour yards per minute yards per second varas (Texas) per day varas (Texas) per hour varas (Texas) per minute varas (Texas) per second feet per day feet per hour feet per minute feet per second spans per day spans per hour spans per minute spans per second links per day links per hour links per minute links per second decimeters per day decimeters per hour decimeters per minute decimeters per second centimeters per day

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR 360,000 6,000 100 3,401,568 141,732.0 2,362.200 39.370 86,400,000 3,600,000 60,000 1,000 3,401,568,000 141,732,000 2,362,200 39,370 86,400,000,000 3,600,000,000 60,000,000 1,000,000 86,400,000,000 3,600,000,000 60,000,000 1,000,000

centimeters per hour centimeters per minute centimeters per second inches per day inches per hour inches per minute inches per second millimeters per day millimeters per hour millimeters per minute millimeters per second mils per day mils per hour mils per minute mils per second microns per day microns per hour microns per minute microns per second Angstrom Units per day Angstrom Units per hour Angstrom Units per minute Angstrom Units per second

METER OF MERCURY @ 32° F.: = 0.135964 1.359639 13.596390 44.604005 535.247985 135.963901 1,359.639013 13,596.39013 0.01 0.1 1 3.280833

hektometers of water @ 60° F. dekameters of water @ 60° F. meters of water @ 60° F. feet of water @ 60° F. inches of water @ 60° F. decimeters of water @ 60° F. centimeters of water @ 60°F. millimeters of water @ 60°F. hektometers of mercury @ 32° F. dekameters of mercury @ 32° F meters of mercury @ 32° F feet of mercury @ 32° F

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Universal Conversion Factors

39.37 10 100 1,000 149,862.505 1,498.62505 14.986251 1.392300 0.00966852 0.149863 0.00149863 0.0000149863 135,963,901 1,359,639 13,596.39 1,263.034001 8.771085 135.9639 1.359639 0.0135964 299,724,991 2,997,249 29,972.49 2,784.499982 19.337009 299.7249 2.997249 0.0299725 13,596,390 135,963.90 1,359.6390 12,630.340015 87.711006 13.596390 0.135964 0.00135964 13,596,390,130 135,963,901 1,359,639

inches of mercury @ 32° F decimeters of mercury @ 32° F centimeters of mercury @ 32° F millimeters of mercury @ 32° F tons per square hektometer tons per square dekameter tons per square meter tons per square foot tons per square inch tons per square decimeter tons per square centimeter tons per square millimeter kilograms per square hektometer kilograms per square dekameter kilograms per square meter kilograms per square foot kilograms per square inch kilograms per square decimeter kilograms per square centimeter kilograms per square millimeter pounds per square hektometer pounds per square dekameter pounds per square meter pounds per square foot pounds per square inch pounds per square decimeter pounds per square centimeter pounds per square millimeter hektograms per square hektometer hektograms per square dekameter hektograms per square meter hektograms per square foot hektograms per square inch hektograms per square decimeter hektograms per square centimeter hektograms per square millimeter dekagrams per square hektometer dekagrams per square dekameter dekagrams per square meter

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR 126,303.4 877.110017 13,596.39 135.9639 1.359639 4,795,599,897 47,955,998 479,560 44,552.0 309.392019 4,795.5998 47.955998 0.479560 135,963,901,300 1,359,639,013 13,596,390 1,263,034 8,771.111 135,963.90 1,359.6390 13.596390 1,359,639,013 X 103 13,596,390,130 135,963,900 12,630,340 87,711.11 1,359,639 13,596.390 135.96390 1,359,639,013 x 104 135,963,901,300 1,359,639,013 126,303.40 877,111.1 13,596,390 135,963.9 1,359.6390 1,359,639,013 x 105 1,359,639,013 x 103

dekagrams per square foot dekagrams per square inch dekagrams per square decimeter dekagrams per square centimeter dekagrams per square millimeter ounces per square hektometer ounces per square dekameter ounces per square meter ounces per square foot ounces per square inch ounces per square decimeter ounces per square centimeter ounces per square millimeter grams per square hektometer grams per square dekameter grams per square meter grams per square foot grams per square inch grams per square decimeter grams per square centimeter grams per square millimeter decigrams per square hektometer decigrams per square dekameter decigrams per square meter decigrams per square foot decigrams per square inch decigrams per square decimeter decigrams per square centimeter decigrams per square millimeter centigrams per square hektometer centigrams per square dekameter centigrams per square meter centigrams per square foot centigrams per square inch centigrams per square decimeter centigrams per square centimeter centigrams per square millimeter milligrams per square hektometer milligrams per square dekameter

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Universal Conversion Factors

13,596,390,130 1,263,034 8,771,111 135,963,901 1,359,639 13,596.390 133,222 x 109 133,222 x 107 133,222 x 105 1,238,591,617 8,601,331 133,222,000 1,332,220 13,322.20 1.333300 1.315801

milligrams per square meter milligrams per square foot milligrams per square inch milligrams per square decimeter milligrams per square centimeter milligrams per square millimeter dynes per square hektometer dynes per square dekameter dynes per square meter dynes per square foot dynes per square inch dynes per square decimeter dynes per square centimeter dynes per square millimeter bars atmospheres

METER OF WATER @ 60° F.: = 0.01 0.1 1.0 3.280833 39.37 10 100 1,000 0.000735510 0.00735510 0.0735510 2.413086 28.957029 0.735510 7.355103 73.55103 11,022.543742 110.225437 1.102254

hektometers of water @ 60° F. dekameters of water @ 60° F. meters of water @ 60° F. feet of water @ 60° F. inches of water @ 60° F. decimeters of water @ 60° F. centimeters of water @ 60°F. millimeters of water @ 60°F. hektometers of mercury @ 32° F. dekameters of mercury @ 32° F meters of mercury @ 32° F feet of mercury @ 32° F inches of mercury @ 32° F decimeters of mercury @ 32° F centimeters of mercury @ 32° F millimeters of mercury @ 32° F tons per square hektometer tons per square dekameter tons per square meter

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR 0.102405 0.000711128 0.0110225 0.000110225 0.00000110225 10,000,000 100,000 1,000 92.897452 0.645121 10 0.10 0.001 22,045,074 220,450 2,204.5074 204.802897 1.422241 22.045074 0.220451 0.00220451 100,000,000 1,000,000 10,000 928.974717 6.451247 100 1 0.01 1,000,000,000 10,000,000 100,000 9,289.746972 64.512351 1,000 10 0.1 352,721,381 3,527,213

tons per square foot tons per square inch tons per square decimeter tons per square centimeter tons per square millimeter kilograms per square hektometer kilograms per square dekameter kilograms per square meter kilograms per square foot kilograms per square inch kilograms per square decimeter kilograms per square centimeter kilograms per square millimeter pounds per square hektometer pounds per square dekameter pounds per square meter pounds per square foot pounds per square inch pounds per square decimeter pounds per square centimeter pounds per square millimeter hektograms per square hektometer hektograms per square dekameter hektograms per square meter hektograms per square foot hektograms per square inch hektograms per square decimeter hektograms per square centimeter hektograms per square millimeter dekagrams per square hektometer dekagrams per square dekameter dekagrams per square meter dekagrams per square foot dekagrams per square inch dekagrams per square decimeter dekagrams per square centimeter dekagrams per square millimeter ounces per square hektometer ounces per square dekameter

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Universal Conversion Factors

35,272.13 3,276.846123 22.755860 352.7213 3.527213 0.0352721 10,000,000,000 100,000,000 1,000,000 92,897.469283 645.124379 10,000 100 1 100,000,000,000 1,000,000,000 10,000,000 928,975 6,451.243790 100,000 1,000 10 10 x 1011 10,000,000,000 100,000,000 9,289,747 64,512.437904 1,000,000 10,000 100 10 x 1012 10 x 1010 1,000,000,000 92,897,468 645,124 10,000,000 100,000 1,000 9,798,617,182,254

ounces per square meter ounces per square foot ounces per square inch ounces per square decimeter ounces per square centimeter ounces per square millimeter grams per square hektometer grams per square dekameter grams per square meter grams per square foot grams per square inch grams per square decimeter grams per square centimeter grams per square millimeter decigrams per square hektometer decigrams per square dekameter decigrams per square meter decigrams per square foot decigrams per square inch decigrams per square decimeter decigrams per square centimeter decigrams per square millimeter centigrams per square hektometer centigrams per square dekameter centigrams per square meter centigrams per square foot centigrams per square inch centigrams per square decimeter centigrams per square centimeter centigrams per square millimeter milligrams per square hektometer milligrams per square dekameter milligrams per square meter milligrams per square foot milligrams per square inch milligrams per square decimeter milligrams per square centimeter milligrams per square millimeter dynes per square hektometer

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR 97,986,171,823 979,861,718 91,099,700 632,637 9,798,617 97,986.171823 979.861718 0.0966778 0.0967785

dynes per square dekameter dynes per square meter dynes per square foot dynes per square inch dynes per square decimeter dynes per square centimeter dynes per square millimeter bars atmospheres

MICRON: = 0.000000000621259 miles (statute) 0.000000001 kilometers 0.00000000497097 furlongs 0.00000001 hektometers 0.0000000497097 chains 0.0000001 dekameters 0.000000198839 rods 0.000001 meters 0.00000109358 yards 0.0000011811 varas (Texas) 0.0000032808 feet 0.00000437440 spans 0.00000497097 links 0.0000098425 hands 0.00001 decimeters 0.0001 centimeters 0.00003937 inches 0.001 millimeters 0.039370 mils 1 microns 1,000 milli-microns 1,000 micro-millimeters 1.553159 wave lengths of red line of cium 10,000 Angstrom Units

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Universal Conversion Factors

MIL: = 0.00000001578 0.0000000254 0.000000126263 0.000000254 0.00000126263 0.00000254 0.00000505051 0.0000254 0.000027777 0.00003 0.000083333 0.000111111 0.000126263 0.00025 0.000254 0.00254 0.001 0.0254 1 25.4 25,400 25,400 39.450445 25.4

miles (statute) kilometers furlongs hektometers chains dekameters rods meters yards varas (Texas) feet spans links hands decimeters centimeters inches millimeters mils microns milli-microns micro-millimeters wave lengths of red line of cium Angstrom Units

MILE (STATUTE): = 0.86836 1 1.60935 8 16.0935 80 160.935 320 1,609.35

miles (nautical) miles (statute) kilometers furlongs hektometers chains dekameters rods meters

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR 1,760 1,900.8 5,280 7,040 8,000 15,840 16,093.5 160,935 63,360 1,609,350 63,360,000 1,609,344,000 1,609,344 x 106 1,609,344 x 106 2,499,572,909 16,093,440 x 106

yards varas (Texas) feet spans links hands decimeters centimeters inches millimeters mils microns milli-microns micro-millimeters wave lengths of red line of cium Angstrom Units

MILE (STATUTE) PER DAY: = 0.86836 0.0361817 0.000603028 0.0000100505 1 0.0416667 0.000694444 0.0000115741 1.60935 0.0670562 0.00111760 0.0000186267 8 0.333333 0.00555556 0.0000925926 16.0935 0.670562 0.0111760

miles (nautical) per day miles (nautical) per hour miles (nautical) per minute miles (nautical) per second miles (statute) per day miles (statute) per hour miles (statute) per minute miles (statute) per second kilometers per day kilometers per hour kilometers per minute kilometers per second furlongs per day furlongs per hour furlongs per minute furlongs per second hektometers per day hektometers per hour hektometers per minute

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Universal Conversion Factors

0.000186267 80 3.333333 0.0555556 0.000925926 160.935 6.705625 0.111760 0.00186267 320 13.333333 0.222222 0.00370370 1,609.35 67.056250 1.117604 0.0186267 1,760 73.333333 1.222222 0.0203703 1,900.8 79.2 1.320 0.0220 5,280 220 3.666667 0.06111111 7,040 293.333333 4.888889 0.0814814 8,000 333.333333 5.555556 0.0925925 15,840 660

hektometers per second chains per day chains per hour chains per minute chains per second dekameters per day dekameters per hour dekameters per minute dekameters per second rods per day rods per hour rods per minute rods per second meters per day meters per hour meters per minute meters per second yards per day yards per hour yards per minute yards per second varas (Texas) per day varas (Texas) per hour varas (Texas) per minute varas (Texas) per second feet per day feet per hour feet per minute feet per second spans per day spans per hour spans per minute spans per second links per day links per hour links per minute links per second hands per day hands per hour

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR 11 0.183333 16,093.5 670.56250 11.176042 0.186267 160,935 6,705.624996 111.760417 1.862674 63,360 2,640 44 0.733333 1,609,350 67,056.249960 1,117.604166 18.626736

hands per minute hands per second decimeters per day decimeters per hour decimeters per minute decimeters per second centimeters per day centimeters per hour centimeters per minute centimeters per second inches per day inches per hour inches per minute inches per second millimeters per day millimeters per hour millimeters per minute millimeters per second

MILES (STATUTE) PER HOUR: = 20.84064 0.86836 0.0144727 0.000241211 24 1 0.0166667 0.000277778 38.6244 1.60935 0.0268225 0.000447042 192 8 0.133333 0.00222222 386.244

miles (nautical) per day miles (nautical) per hour miles (nautical) per minute miles (nautical) per second miles (statute) per day miles (statute) per hour miles (statute) per minute miles (statute) per second kilometers per day kilometers per hour kilometers per minute kilometers per second furlongs per day furlongs per hour furlongs per minute furlongs per second hektometers per day

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Universal Conversion Factors

16.0935 0.268225 0.00447042 1,920 80 1.333333 0.0222222 3,862.44 160,935 2.682250 0.0447042 7,680 320 5.333333 0.0888889 38,624.4 1,609.35 26.8225 0.447042 42,240 1,760 29.333333 0.488889 45,619.2 1,900.8 31.68 0.528 126,720 5,280 88 1.466667 168,960 7,040 117.333333 1.955556 192,000 8,000 133.333333 2.222222

hektometers per hour hektometers per minute hektometers per second chains per day chains per hour chains per minute chains per second dekameters per day dekameters per hour dekameters per minute dekameters per second rods per day rods per hour rods per minute rods per second meters per day meters per hour meters per minute meters per second yards per day yards per hour yards per minute yards per second varas (Texas) per day varas (Texas) per hour varas (Texas) per minute varas (Texas) per second feet per day feet per hour feet per minute feet per second spans per day spans per hour spans per minute spans per second links per day links per hour links per minute links per second

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR 380,160 15,840 264 4.40 386,244 16,093.5 268.225 4.470417 3,862,440 160,935 2,682.25 44.704167 1,520,640 63,360 1,056 17.6 38,624,400 1,609,350 26,822.5 447.0416667

hands per day hands per hour hands per minute hands per second decimeters per day decimeters per hour decimeters per minute decimeters per second centimeters per day centimeters per hour centimeters per minute centimeters per second inches per day inches per hour inches per minute inches per second millimeters per day millimeters per hour millimeters per minute millimeters per second

MILE (STATUTE ) PER MINUTE: = 1,250.438400 52.101600 0.86836 0.0144727 1,440 60 1 0.01666667 2,317.464 96.561 1.60935 0.0268225 11,520 480 8

miles (nautical) per day miles (nautical) per hour miles (nautical) per minute miles (nautical) per second miles (statute) per day miles (statute) per hour miles (statute) per minute miles (statute) per second kilometers per day kilometers per hour kilometers per minute kilometers per second furlongs per day furlongs per hour furlongs per minute

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Universal Conversion Factors

0.133333 23,174.64 965.61 16.0935 0.268225 115,200 4,800 80 1.333333 231,746 9656.1 160.935 2.682250 460,800 19,200 320 5.333333 2,317,464 95,561 1,609.35 26.82250 2,534,400 105,600 1,760 29.333333 2,737,152 114,048 1,900.8 31.680 7,603,200 316,800 5,280 88 10,137,600 422,400 7,040 117.333333 11,520,000 480,000

furlongs per second hektometers per day hektometers per hour hektometers per minute hektometers per second chains per day chains per hour chains per minute chains per second dekameters per day dekameters per hour dekameters per minute dekameters per second rods per day rods per hour rods per minute rods per second meters per day meters per hour meters per minute meters per second yards per day yards per hour yards per minute yards per second varas (Texas) per day varas (Texas) per hour varas (Texas) per minute varas (Texas) per second feet per day feet per hour feet per minute feet per second spans per day spans per hour spans per minute spans per second links per day links per hour

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR 8,000 133.333333 22,809,600 950,400 15,840 264.0 23,174,640 965,610 16,093.5 268.225 231,746,400 9,656,100 160,935 2,682.25 91,238,400 3,801,600 63,360 1,056.0 2,317,464,000 96,561,000 1,609,350 26,822.5

links per minute links per second hands per day hands per hour hands per minute hands per second decimeters per day decimeters per hour decimeters per minute decimeters per second centimeters per day centimeters per hour centimeters per minute centimeters per second inches per day inches per hour inches per minute inches per second millimeters per day millimeters per hour millimeters per minute millimeters per second

MILE (STATUTE) PER SECOND: = 75,026.304 3,126.096 52.10260 0.86836 86,400 3,600 60 1 139,048 5,793.660 96.561 1.60935 691,200

miles (nautical) per day miles (nautical) per hour miles (nautical) per minute miles (nautical) per second miles (statute) per day miles (statute) per hour miles (statute) per minute miles (statute) per second kilometers per day kilometers per hour kilometers per minute kilometers per second furlongs per day

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Universal Conversion Factors

28,800 480 8 1,390,480 57,936.6 965.61 16.0935 6,912,000 288,000 4,800 80 13,904,800 579,366 9,656.1 160.935 27,648,000 1,152,000 19,200 320 139,048,000 5,793,660 96,561.0 1,609.35 152,064,000 6,336,000 105,600 1,760 164,229,120 6,842,880 114,048 1,900.8 456,192,000 19,008,000 316,800 5,280 608,256,000 25,344,000 422,400 7,040

furlongs per hour furlongs per minute furlongs per second hektometers per day hektometers per hour hektometers per minute hektometers per second chains per day chains per hour chains per minute chains per second dekameters per day dekameters per hour dekameters per minute dekameters per second rods per day rods per hour rods per minute rods per second meters per day meters per hour meters per minute meters per second yards per day yards per hour yards per minute yards per second varas (Texas) per day varas (Texas) per hour varas (Texas) per minute varas (Texas) per second feet per day feet per hour feet per minute feet per second spans per day spans per hour spans per minute spans per second

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR 691,200,000 28,800,000 480,000 8,000 1,390,478,000 57,936,600 965,610 16,093.5 13,904,780,000 579,366,000 9,656,100 160,935 5,474,304,000 228,096,000 3,801,600 63,360 139,047,800,000 5,793,660,000 96,561,000 1,609,350

links per day links per hour links per minute links per second decimeters per day decimeters per hour decimeters per minute decimeters per second centimeters per day centimeters per hour centimeters per minute centimeters per second inches per day inches per hour inches per minute inches per second millimeters per day millimeters per hour millimeters per minute millimeters per second

MIL: = 0.0000000137061 0.00000001578 0.0000000254 0.000000126263 0.000000254 0.00000126263 0.00000254 0.00000505052 0.0000254 0.0000277778 0.00003 0.0000833333 0.000111111 0.000126263 0.000250

miles (nautical) miles (statute) kilometers furlongs hektometers chains dekameters rods meters yards varas (Texas) feet spans links hands

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Universal Conversion Factors

0.000254 0.00254 0.001 0.0254 1 25.4 25,400 25,400 39.450445 25.4

decimeters centimeters inches millimeters mils microns milli-microns micro-millimeters wave lengths of red line of cium Angstrom Units

MILLIMETER: = 0.00000053961 0.00000062137 0.000001 0.00000497097 0.00001 0.0000497097 0.0001 0.000198839 0.001 0.00109361 0.0011811 0.00328083 0.00437444 0.00497097 0.00984250 0.01 0.1 0.039370 1 39.370 1,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 1,553.164 1,000

miles (nautical) miles (statute) kilometers furlongs hektometers chains dekameters rods meters yards varas (Texas) feet spans links hands decimeters centimeters inches millimeters mils microns milli-microns micro-millimeters wave lengths of red line of cium Angstrom Units

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR MINUTE (ANGLE): = 0.00018519 0.000290888 0.0166667 60 0.0000462963

quadrants radians degrees seconds circumferences

MILLIGRAM: = 0.00000000098426 0.000000001 0.00000000110231 0.000001 0.00000267923 0.00000220462 0.00001 0.0001 0.0000321507 0.0000352739 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 0.0154324 0.000257206 0.000564383 0.000643015 0.000771618 0.005

tons (long) tons (metric) tons (short) kilograms pounds (Troy) pounds (Avoir.) hektograms dekagrams ounces (Troy) ounces (Avoir.) grams decigrams centigrams milligrams grains drams (Troy) drams (Avoir.) pennyweights scruples carats (metric)

MILLIGRAM PER LITER: = 1

parts per million

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Universal Conversion Factors

MILILITER: = 0.000001 0.000001 0.0000013080 0.00000628995 0.00001 0.000028378 0.000027497 0.000353144 0.0001 0.000113512 0.000264178 0.00022702 0.00021998 0.00105671 0.000908102 0.001 0.001 0.0018162 0.0021134 0.0073092 0.0084538 0.01 0.0610234 0.1 1 1 1,000 0.0338147 0.035196 0.270518 16.231074 0.00220462

kiloliters cubic meters cubic yards barrels hektoliters bushels (U.S.-dry) bushels (Imperial-dry) cubic feet dekaliters pecks (U.S.-dry) gallons (U.S.-liquid) gallons (U.S.-dry) gallons (Imperial) quarts (liquid) quarts (dry) liters cubic decimeters pints (U.S.-dry) pints (U.S.-liquid) gills (Imperial) gills (U.S.) deciliters cubic inches centiliters milliliters cubic centimeters cubic millimeters ounces (U.S.-fluid) ounces (Imperial-fluid) drams (fluid) minims pounds of water @ maximum density

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR OHM (ABSOLUTE): = 0.00000000000111263 electrostatic cgs unit or statohm 0.000001 megohm (absolute) 0.99948 International ohm 1,000,000 microhms (absolute) 1,000,000,000 electromagnetic cgs units or abohms ohm per kilometer = 0.3048 ohms per 1,000 feet ohm per 1,000 feet = 3.280833 ohms per kilometer ohm per 1,000 yards = 1.0936 ohms per kilometer

OUNCE (AVOIRDUPOIS): = 0.0000279018 0.0000283495 0.00003125 0.0282495 0.0759549 0.0625 0.283495 2.834953 0.9114583 1 28.349527 283.49527 2,834.9527 28,349.527 437.5 7.29166 16 18.22917 21.875 141.75

tons (long) tons (metric) tons (net) kilograms pounds (Troy) pounds (Avoir.) hektograms dekagrams ounces (Troy) ounces (Avoir.) grams decigrams centigrams milligrams grains drams (Troy) drams (Avoir) pennyweights scruples carats (metric)

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Universal Conversion Factors

OUNCE (FLUID): = 0.0000295729 0.0000295729 0.0000386814 0.000186012 0.000295729 0.000839221 0.000813167 0.00104435 0.00295729 0.00335688 0.00781252 0.00671365 0.00650545 0.03125 0.0268552 0.0295729 0.0295729 0.0537104 0.0625 0.208170 0.25 0.295729 1.80469 2.957294 29.572937 29.572937 29,572.9372 1 1.0408491 8 480 0.0651972

kiloliters cubic meters cubic yards barrels hektoliters bushels (U.S.-dry) bushels (Imperial-dry) cubic feet dekaliters pecks (U.S.-dry) gallons (U.S.-liquid) gallons (U.S.-dry) gallons (Imperial) quarts (liquid) quarts (dry) liters cubic decimeters pints (U.S.-dry) pints (U.S.-liquid) gills (Imperial) gills (U.S.) deciliters cubic inches centiliters milliliters cubic centimeters cubic millimeters ounces (U.S.-fluid) ounces (Imperial-fluid) drams (fluid) minims pounds of water–maximum density

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR OUNCE (TROY): = 0.0000306122 0.0000311034 0.000034285 0.0311035 0.0833333 0.0685714 0.311035 3.110348 1 1.09714 31.103481 311.03481 3,110.3481 31,103.481 480 8 17.55428 20 24 155.52

tons (long) tons (metric) tons (net) kilograms pounds (Troy) pounds (Avoir.) hektograms dekagrams ounces (Troy) ounces (Avoir.) grams decigrams centigrams milligrams grains drams (Troy) drams (Avoir.) pennyweights scruples carats (metric)

OUNCE (WEIGHT) PER SQUARE INCH: = 0.000439419 0.00439419 0.0439419 0.144174 1.730092 0.439419 4.394188 43.941875 0.0000323219 0.000323219 0.00323219 0.0106042 0.127250

hektometers of water @ 60° F. dekameters of water @ 60° F. meters of water @ 60° F. feet of water @ 60° F. inches of water @ 60° F. decimeters of water @ 60° F. centimeters of water @ 60°F. millimeters of water @ 60°F. hektometers of mercury @ 32° F. dekameters of mercury @ 32° F meters of mercury @ 32° F feet of mercury @ 32° F inches of mercury @ 32° F

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Universal Conversion Factors

0.0323219 0.323219 3.232188 484.379356 4.843794 0.0484379 0.00450014 0.0000312500 0.000484379 0.00000484379 0.0000000484379 439,419 4,394.1875 43.941875 4.0823252 0.0283494 0.439419 0.00439419 0.0000439419 968,758 9,687.58 96.8758 90 0.0625 0.968758 0.00968758 0.0000968758 4,394,190 43,941.875 439.41875 40.823252 0.283494 4.394188 0.043919 0.000439419 43,941,900 439,419 4,394.1875 408.232519

decimeters of mercury @ 32° F centimeters of mercury @ 32° F millimeters of mercury @ 32° F tons per square hektometer tons per square dekameter tons per square meter tons per square foot tons per square inch tons per square decimeter tons per square centimeter tons per square millimeter kilograms per square hektometer kilograms per square dekameter kilograms per square meter kilograms per square foot kilograms per square inch kilograms per square decimeter kilograms per square centimeter kilograms per square millimeter pounds per square hektometer pounds per square dekameter pounds per square meter pounds per square foot pounds per square inch pounds per square decimeter pounds per square centimeter pounds per square millimeter hektograms per square hektometer hektograms per square dekameter hektograms per square meter hektograms per square foot hektograms per square inch hektograms per square decimeter hektograms per square centimeter hektograms per square millimeter dekagrams per square hektometer dekagrams per square dekameter dekagrams per square meter dekagrams per square foot

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR 2.834944 43.941875 0.439419 0.00439419 15,500,139 155,001 1,550.0139 144 1 15.500139 0.155001 0.00155001 439,419,00 4,394,190 43,941.875 4,082.325187 28.349438 439.4187 4.394187 0.0439419 4,394,190,000 43,941,900 439,419 40,823.25187 283.494375 4,394.1875 43.94187 0.439419 43,941,900,000 439,419,000 4,394,190 408,233 2,834.943750 43,941.875 439.41875 4.394188 439,419,000,000 4,394,190,000 43,941,900

dekagrams per square inch dekagrams per square decimeter dekagrams per square centimeter dekagrams per square millimeter ounces per square hektometer ounces per square dekameter ounces per square meter ounces per square foot ounces per square inch ounces per square decimeter ounces per square centimeter ounces per square millimeter grams per square hektometer grams per square dekameter grams per square meter grams per square foot grams per square inch grams per square decimeter grams per square centimeter grams per square millimeter decigrams per square hektometer decigrams per square dekameter decigrams per square meter decigrams per square foot decigrams per square inch decigrams per square decimeter decigrams per square centimeter decigrams per square millimeter centigrams per square hektometer centigrams per square dekameter centigrams per square meter centigrams per square foot centigrams per square inch centigrams per square decimeter centigrams per square centimeter centigrams per square millimeter milligrams per square hektometer milligrams per square dekameter milligrams per square meter

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Universal Conversion Factors

4,082,325 28,349.43750 439,419 4,394.1875 43.941875 430,920,000,000 4,309,200,000 43,092,000 4,003,324 28,050.875 430,920 4,309.2 43.092 0.00430919 0.00425288

milligrams per square foot milligrams per square inch milligrams per square decimeter milligrams per square centimeter milligrams per square millimeter dynes per square hektometer dynes per square dekameter dynes per square meter dynes per square foot dynes per square inch dynes per square decimeter dynes per square centimeter dynes per square millimeter bars atmospheres

PARTS PER MILLION: = 0.00000110231 0.001 0.00220462 0.0352739 1.0 15.4324 0.000000175250 0.000158984 0.000350499 0.00560799 0.158984 2.453505 0.0000000312133 0.0000283162 0.0000624264 0.000998823 0.0283162 0.436987 0.00000000417262 0.00000378524

tons (net) per cubic meter kilograms per cubic meter pounds (Avoir.) per cubic meter ounces (Avoir.) per cubic meter grams per cubic meter grains per cubic meter tons (net) per barrel kilograms per barrel pounds (Avoir.) per barrel ounces (Avoir.) per barrel grams per barrel grains per barrel tons (net) per cubic foot kilograms per cubic foot pounds (Avoir.) per cubic foot ounces (Avoir.) per cubic foot grams per cubic foot grains per cubic foot tons (net) per gallon (U.S.-liquid) kilograms per gallon (U.S.-liquid)

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR 0.00000834522 pounds (Avoir.) per gallon (U.S.-liquid) 0.000133524 ounces (Avoir.) per gallon (U.S.-liquid) 0.00378534 grams per gallon (U.S.-liquid) 0.0584168 grains per gallon (U.S.-liquid) 0.00000000501107 tons (net) per gallon (Imperial-liquid) 0.00000454585 kilograms per gallon (Imperial-liquid) 0.0000100221 pounds (Avoir.) per gallon (Imp.-liquid) 0.000160355 ounces (Avoir.) per gallon (Imp.-liquid) 0.00454597 grams per gallon (Imperial-liquid) 0.0701552 grains per gallon (Imperial-liquid) 0.00000000110231 tons (net) per liter 0.000001 kilograms per liter 0.00000220462 pounds (Avoir.) per liter 0.0000352739 ounces (Avoir.) per liter 0.001 grams per liter 0.0154324 grains per liter 0.0000000000180633 tons (net) per cubic inch 0.0000000163867 kilograms per cubic inch 0.0000000361264 pounds (Avoir.) per cubic inch 0.000000578023 ounces (Avoir.) per cubic inch 0.0000163867 grams per cubic inch 0.000252886 grains per cubic inch 8.345 pounds per million gallons

POISE: = 1

gram per centimeter per second

PENNYWEIGHT: = 0.00000153061 0.00000155517 0.00000171429 0.00155517 0.0041667 0.00342857 0.0155517

tons (long) tons (metric) tons (net) kilograms pounds (Troy) pounds (Avoir.) hektograms

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Universal Conversion Factors

0.155517 0.05 0.0548571 1.55517 15.5517 155.517 1,555.17 24 0.4 0.877714 1 1.2 7.776

dekagrams ounces (Troy) ounces (Avoir.) grams decigrams centigrams milligrams grains drams (Troy) drams (Avoir.) pennyweights scruples carats (metric)

POUNDS (TROY): = 0.000367347 0.000373242 0.000411429 0.373242 1 0.822857 3.732418 37.324176 12 13.165714 373.241762 3,732.417621 37,324.176213 373,242 5,760 96 210.651425 240 288 1,866.239964

tons (long) tons (metric) tons (net) kilograms pounds (Troy) pounds (Avoir.) hektograms dekagrams ounces (Troy) ounces (Avoir.) grams decigrams centigrams milligrams grains drams (Troy) drams (Avoir.) pennyweights scruples carats (metric)

D&D univ conv factors 10/23/01 3:28 PM Page 258

D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR POUND (AVOIRDUPOIS): = 0.000446429 0.000453593 0.0005 0.453592 1.215278 1 4.535924 45.359243 14.5833 16 453.592428 4,535.92428 45,359.2428 453,592 7,000 116.666675 256 291.6667 350.1 2,268

tons (long) tons (metric) tons (net) kilograms pounds (Troy) pounds (Avoir.) hektograms dekagrams ounces (Troy) ounces (Avoir.) grams decigrams centigrams milligrams grains drams (Troy) drams (Avoir.) pennyweights scruples carats (metric)

POUND OF CARBON OXIDIZED WITH 100% EFFICIENCY: = 365,245,567 4,382,946,806 11,352,418 136,229,016 3.676937 3,676.937455 8,106.271602 36,769.374545 367,694 129,700 3,676,937

foot poundals inch poundals foot pounds inch pounds ton calories kilogram calories pound calories hektogram calories dekagram calories ounce calories gram calories (mean)

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Universal Conversion Factors

36,769,375 367,693,745 3,676,937,455 0.178109 4.274614 256.477745 15,388.634345 178.109039 4,274.613901 256,477 15,388,624 1,569.531035 1,569,513 3,460,223 15,695,310 156,953,104 55,363,570 1,569,531,035 15,695,310,350 156,953,103,500 1,569,531,035 x 103 15.695310 15,695.31035 34,602.288580 156,953 1,569,531 553,636 15,695,310 156,953,104 1,569,531,035 15,695,310,350 156.907535 156,907 346,022 1,569,075 15,690,754 5,536,358 156,907,535 1,569,075,350

decigram calories centigram calories milligram calories kilowatt days kilowatt hours kilowatt minutes kilowatt seconds watt days watt hours watt minutes watt seconds ton meters kilogram meters pound meters hektogram meters dekagram meters ounce meters gram meters decigram meters centigram meters milligram meters ton hektometers kilogram hektometers pound hektometers hektogram hektometers dekagram hektometers ounce hektometers gram hektometers decigram hektometers centigram hektometers milligram hektometers ton dekameters kilogram dekameters pound dekameters hektogram dekameters dekagram dekameters ounce dekameters gram dekameters decigram dekameters

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR 15,690,753,500 156,907,535 x 103 5,149.255690 5,149,256 11,352,449 51,492,557 514,925,569 181,639,190 5,149,255,690 51,492,556,895 514,925,568,950 51,492,556,895 x 102 61,792.556845 61,792,557 136,229,386 617,925,568 6,179,255,685 2,179,670,177 61,792,556,845 617,925,568,450 61,792,556,845 x 102 61,792,556,845 x 103 15,695.31035 15,695,310 34,602,231 156,953,104 1,569,531,035 553,635,699 15,695,310,350 156,953,103,500 1,569,531,035 x 103 1,569,531,035 x 104 156,953 156,953,104 346,022,312 1,569,531,035 15,695,310,350 5,536,356,992 156,953,103,500

centigram dekameters milligram dekameters ton feet kilogram feet pound feet hektogram feet dekagram feet ounce feet gram feet decigram feet centigram feet milligram feet ton inches kilogram inches pound inches hektogram inches dekagram inches ounce inches gram inches decigram inches centigram inches milligram inches ton decimeters kilogram decimeters pound decimeters hektogram decimeters dekagram decimeters ounce decimeters gram decimeters decigram decimeters centigram decimeters milligram decimeters ton centimeters kilograms centimeters pound centimeters hektogram centimeters dekagram centimeters ounce centimeters gram centimeters

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Universal Conversion Factors

1,569,531,035 x 103 1,569,531,035 x 104 1,569,531,035 x 105 1,569,531 1,569,531,035 3,460,223,121 15,695,310,350 156,953,103,500 55,363,569,923 1,569,531,035 x 103 1,569,531,035 x 104 1,569,531,035 x 105 1,569,531,035 x 106 151.895 1,518.95 15,189.5 151,895 1,518,950 15,189,500 151,895,000 0.000000151895 0.0001515895 0.151895 151.895 5,364.779505 9,269,392 151,895 151,895,000 151,895 x 106 15,391,217 5.813022 0.238896 5.733277 344.0102771 20,640.555865 1 15.0482377

decigram centimeters centigram centimeters milligram centimeters ton millimeters kilogram millimeters pound millimeters hektogram millimeters dekagram millimeters ounce millimeters gram millimeters decigram millimeters centigram millimeters milligram millimeters kiloliter-atmospheres hektoliter-atmospheres dekaliter-atmospheres liter-atmospheres deciliter-atmospheres centiliter-atmospheres milliliter-atmospheres cubic kilometer-atmospheres cubic hektometer-atmospheres cubic dekameter-atmospheres cubic meter-atmospheres cubic foot-atmospheres cubic inch-atmospheres cubic decimeter-atmospheres cubic centimeter-atmosphere cubic millimeter-atmospheres joules (absolute) Cheval-Vapeur hours horsepower days horsepower hours horsepower minutes horsepower seconds pounds of carbon oxidized with 100% efficiency pounds of water evaporated from and at 212° F.

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR 6,618,631 14,592.55265 153,918,415,320 x 103

BTU (mean) per pound BTU (mean) ergs

POUND (PRESSURE) PER SQUARE INCH: = 0.0070307 0.070307 0.70307 2.306787 27.681473 7.0307 70,307 703.07 0.00051715 0.0051715 0.051715 0.169667 2.0360 0.51715 5.1715 51.715 7,750.0696898 77.500697 0.775007 0.0720023 0.0005 0.00775007 0.0000775007 0.000000775007 7,030,700 70,307 703.07 65.317203 0.453592 7.0307 0.070307 0.00070307

hektometers of water @ 60° F. dekameters of water @ 60° F. meters of water @ 60° F. feet of water @ 60° F. inches of water @ 60° F. decimeters of water @ 60° F. centimeters of water @ 60°F. millimeters of water @ 60°F. hektometers of mercury @ 32° F. dekameters of mercury @ 32° F meters of mercury @ 32° F feet of mercury @ 32° F inches of mercury @ 32° F decimeters of mercury @ 32° F centimeters of mercury @ 32° F millimeters of mercury @ 32° F tons per square hektometer tons per square dekameter tons per square meter tons per square foot tons per square inch tons per square decimeter tons per square centimeter tons per square millimeter kilograms per square hektometer kilograms per square dekameter kilograms per square meter kilograms per square foot kilograms per square inch kilograms per square decimeter kilograms per square centimeter kilograms per square millimeter

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Universal Conversion Factors

15,500,130 155,001 1,550.0130 144 1 15.500130 0.155001 0.00155001 70,307,000 703,070 7,030.70 653.172168 4.535933 70.3070 0.70307 0.0070307 703,070,000 7,030,700 70,307 6,531.721544 45.359332 7,030.7 70.307 0.70307 248,002,217 2,480,022 24,800.22 2,303.985941 16 248.0022 2.480022 0.0248002 7,030,700,000 70,307,000 703,070 65,317.215135 453.593927 7,030.7 70.307

pounds per square hektometer pounds per square dekameter pounds per square meter pounds per square foot pounds per square inch pounds per square decimeter pounds per square centimeter pounds per square millimeter hektograms per square hektometer hektograms per square dekameter hektograms per square meter hektograms per square foot hektograms per square inch hektograms per square decimeter hektograms per square centimeter hektograms per square millimeter dekagrams per square hektometer dekagrams per square dekameter dekagrams per square meter dekagrams per square foot dekagrams per square inch dekagrams per square decimeter dekagrams per square centimeter dekagrams per square millimeter ounces per square hektometer ounces per square dekameter ounces per square meter ounces per square foot ounces per square inch ounces per square decimeter ounces per square centimeter ounces per square millimeter grams per square hektometer grams per square dekameter grams per square meter grams per square foot grams per square inch grams per square decimeter grams per square centimeter

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR 0.70307 70,307,000,000 703,070,000 7,030,700 653,172 4,535.939265 70,307 703.07 7.0307 703,070,000,000 7,030,700,000 70,307,000 6,531,720 45,359.392595 703,070 7,030.70 70.3070 70,307 x 108 70,307 x 106 70,307 x 104 65,317,200 453,594 70,307,000 703,070 7,030.70 68947 x 108 68,947,000,000 689,470,000 64,053,184 448,814 6,894,700 68,947 689.47 0.068947 0.068046

grams per square millimeter decigrams per square hektometer decigrams per square dekameter decigrams per square meter decigrams per square foot decigrams per square inch decigrams per square decimeter decigrams per square centimeter decigrams per square millimeter centigrams per square hektometer centigrams per square dekameter centigrams per square meter centigrams per square foot centigrams per square inch centigrams per square decimeter centigrams per square centimeter centigrams per square millimeter milligrams per square hektometer milligrams per square dekameter milligrams per square meter milligrams per square foot milligrams per square inch milligrams per square decimeter milligrams per square centimeter milligrams per square millimeter dynes per square hektometer dynes per square dekameter dynes per square meter dynes per square foot dynes per square inch dynes per square decimeter dynes per square centimeter dynes per square millimeter bars atmospheres

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Universal Conversion Factors

POUND (WEIGHT) PER SQUARE FOOT: = 0.0000488243 0.000488243 0.00488243 0.0160194 0.192232 0.0488243 0.488243 4.882431 0.00000359132 0.0000359132 0.000359132 0.00117824 0.0141389 0.00359132 0.0359132 0.359132 53.819930 0.538199 0.00538199 0.0005000016 0.00000347222 0.0000538199 0.000000538199 0.00000000538199 48,824.305552 488.243056 4.882431 0.453592 0.00314994 0.0488243 0.000488243 0.00000488243 107,640 1,076.397917 10.763979 1 0.00694444

hektometers of water @ 60° F. dekameters of water @ 60° F. meters of water @ 60° F. feet of water @ 60° F. inches of water @ 60° F. decimeters of water @ 60° F. centimeters of water @ 60°F. millimeters of water @ 60°F. hektometers of mercury @ 32° F. dekameters of mercury @ 32° F meters of mercury @ 32° F feet of mercury @ 32° F inches of mercury @ 32° F decimeters of mercury @ 32° F centimeters of mercury @ 32° F millimeters of mercury @ 32° F tons per square hektometer tons per square dekameter tons per square meter tons per square foot tons per square inch tons per square decimeter tons per square centimeter tons per square millimeter kilograms per square hektometer kilograms per square dekameter kilograms per square meter kilograms per square foot kilograms per square inch kilograms per square decimeter kilograms per square centimeter kilograms per square millimeter pounds per square hektometer pounds per square dekameter pounds per square meter pounds per square foot pounds per square inch

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR 0.107640 0.00107640 0.0000107640 488,243 4,882.430555 48.824306 4.535918 0.0314994 0.488243 0.00488243 0.0000488243 4,882,431 48,824.305552 488.243056 45.359178 0.314994 4.882431 0.0488243 0.000488243 1,722,238 17,222.376179 172.223762 16 0.111111 1.722238 0.0172224 0.000172224 48,824,306 488,243 4,882.430555 453.591783 3.149953 48.824306 0.488243 0.00488243 488,243,056 4,882,431 48,824.305552 4,535.917833

pounds per square decimeter pounds per square centimeter pounds per square millimeter hektograms per square hektometer hektograms per square dekameter hektograms per square meter hektograms per square foot hektograms per square inch hektograms per square decimeter hektograms per square centimeter hektograms per square millimeter dekagrams per square hektometer dekagrams per square dekameter dekagrams per square meter dekagrams per square foot dekagrams per square inch dekagrams per square decimeter dekagrams per square centimeter dekagrams per square millimeter ounces per square hektometer ounces per square dekameter ounces per square meter ounces per square foot ounces per square inch ounces per square decimeter ounces per square centimeter ounces per square millimeter grams per square hektometer grams per square dekameter grams per square meter grams per square foot grams per square inch grams per square decimeter grams per square centimeter grams per square millimeter decigrams per square hektometer decigrams per square dekameter decigrams per square meter decigrams per square foot

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Universal Conversion Factors

3.149953 488.243056 4.882431 0.0488243 4,882,430,555 48,824,306 488,243 45,359.178330 31.499535 4,882.430555 48.824306 0.488243 48,824,305,552 488,243,056 4,882.431 453,592 314.995347 48,824.305552 488.243056 4.882431 47,879,860,000 478,798,600 4,787,986 444,814 3,116.763889 47,879.861108 478.798611 4.787986 0.00047880 0.00047254

decigrams per square inch decigrams per square decimeter decigrams per square centimeter decigrams per square millimeter centigrams per square hektometer centigrams per square dekameter centigrams per square meter centigrams per square foot centigrams per square inch centigrams per square decimeter centigrams per square centimeter centigrams per square millimeter milligrams per square hektometer milligrams per square dekameter milligrams per square meter milligrams per square foot milligrams per square inch milligrams per square decimeter milligrams per square centimeter milligrams per square millimeter dynes per square hektometer dynes per square dekameter dynes per square meter dynes per square foot dynes per square inch dynes per square decimeter dynes per square centimeter dynes per square millimeter bars atmospheres

POUND PER INCH: = 19.685057 31.680146 0.0196851 0.018 0.006

tons (net) per kilometer tons (net) per mile tons (net) per meter tons (net) per yard tons (net) per foot

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR 0.0005 0.000196851 0.0000196851 17,857.985915 28,739.749194 17.857985 16.329328 5.443109 0.453592 0.178579 0.0178579 39,370.11300 63,360.291357 39.370113 36 12 1 0.393701 0.0393701 629,921.80800 1,013,764 629.921808 576 192 16 6.299218 0.629921 17,857,985 28,739,794 17,857.9851 16,329.327396 5,443.109132 453.5924277 178.579851 17.857985 275,590,791 443,522,039 275,590.791 252,000

tons (net) per inch tons (net) per centimeter tons (net) per millimeter kilograms per kilometer kilograms per mile kilograms per meter kilograms per yard kilograms per foot kilograms per inch kilograms per centimeter kilograms per millimeter pounds (Avoir.) per kilometer pounds (Avoir.) per mile pounds (Avoir.) per meter pounds (Avoir.) per yard pounds (Avoir.) per foot pounds (Avoir.) per inch pounds (Avoir.) per centimeter pounds (Avoir.) per millimeter ounces (Avoir.) per kilometer ounces (Avoir.) per mile ounces (Avoir.) per meter ounces (Avoir.) per yard ounces (Avoir.) per foot ounces (Avoir.) per inch ounces (Avoir.) per centimeter ounces (Avoir.) per millimeter grams per kilometer grams per mile grams per meter grams per yard grams per foot grams per inch grams per centimeter grams per millimeter grains per kilometer grains per mile grains per meter grains per yard

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Universal Conversion Factors

84,000 7,000 2,755.90791 275.590791

grains per foot grains per inch grains per centimeter grains per millimeter

POUNDS (AVOIR.) PER FOOT: = 1.640239 2.639719 0.00164024 0.00149984 0.000499946 0.0000416622 0.0000164024 0.00000164024 1,488.161203 2,394.71280 1.488161 1.360777 0.453592 0.0377994 0.0148816 0.00148816 3,280.8 5,280 3.280833 3 1 0.0833333 0.0328083 0.00328083 52,493.328 84,480 52.493328 48 16 1.333333 0.524933

tons (net) per kilometer tons (net) per mile tons (net) per meter tons (net) per yard tons (net) per foot tons (net) per inch tons (net) per centimeter tons (net) per millimeter kilograms per kilometer kilograms per mile kilograms per meter kilograms per yard kilograms per foot kilograms per inch kilograms per centimeter kilograms per millimeter pounds (Avoir.) per kilometer pounds (Avoir.) per mile pounds (Avoir.) per meter pounds (Avoir.) per yard pounds (Avoir.) per foot pounds (Avoir.) per inch pounds (Avoir.) per centimeter pounds (Avoir.) per millimeter ounces (Avoir.) per kilometer ounces (Avoir.) per mile ounces (Avoir.) per meter ounces (Avoir.) per yard ounces (Avoir.) per foot ounces (Avoir.) per inch ounces (Avoir.) per centimeter

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR 0.0524933 1,488,161 2,394,713 1,488.161 1,360.777283 453.5924277 37.799369 14.881612 1.488161 22,965,899 36,960,000 22,965.899250 21,000 7,000 583.333333 229.658993 22.965899

ounces (Avoir.) per millimeter grams per kilometer grams per mile grams per meter grams per yard grams per foot grams per inch grams per centimeter grams per millimeter grains per kilometer grains per mile grains per meter grains per yard grains per foot grains per inch grains per centimeter grains per millimeter

POUND (WEIGHT) PER CUBIC FOOT: = 17,657.261726 17.657262 0.01765731 0.0005 0.000000289352 0.0000176573 0.0000000176573 0.0000000000176573 16,018,400 16,018.4 16.0184 0.453593 0.000262496 0.0160184 0.0000160184 0.0000000160184 35,314,445 35,314.445

tons (net) per cubic hektometer tons (net) per cubic dekameter tons (net) per cubic meter tons (net) per cubic foot tons (net) per cubic inch tons (net) per cubic decimeter tons (net) per cubic centimeter tons (net) per cubic millimeter kilograms per cubic hektometer kilograms per cubic dekameter kilograms per cubic meter kilograms per cubic foot kilograms per cubic inch kilograms per cubic decimeter kilograms per cubic centimeter kilograms per cubic millimeter pounds per cubic hektometer pounds per cubic dekameter

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Universal Conversion Factors

35.314445 1 0.000578704 0.0353144 0.0000353144 0.0000000353144 160,184,000 160,184 160.184 4.535934 0.00262496 0.160184 0.000160184 0.000000160184 1,601,840,000 1,601,840 1,601.840 45.359342 0.0262496 1.60184 0.00160184 0.00000160184 565,031,120 565,031 565.031120 16 0.00925926 0.565031 0.000565031 0.000000565031 16,018,400,000 16,018,400 16,018.4 453.593422 0.262496 16.0184 0.0160184 0.0000160184 160,184,000,000

pounds per cubic meter pounds per cubic foot pounds per cubic inch pounds per cubic decimeter pounds per cubic centimeter pounds per cubic millimeter hektograms per cubic hektometer hektograms per cubic dekameter hektograms per cubic meter hektograms per cubic foot hektograms per cubic inch hektograms per cubic decimeter hektograms per cubic centimeter hektograms per cubic millimeter dekagrams per cubic hektometer dekagrams per cubic dekameter dekagrams per cubic meter dekagrams per cubic foot dekagrams per cubic inch dekagrams per cubic decimeter dekagrams per cubic centimeter dekagrams per cubic millimeter ounces per cubic hektometer ounces per cubic dekameter ounces per cubic meter ounces per cubic foot ounces per cubic inch ounces per cubic decimeter ounces per cubic centimeter ounces per cubic millimeter grams per cubic hektometer grams per cubic dekameter grams per cubic meter grams per cubic foot grams per cubic inch grams per cubic decimeter grams per cubic centimeter grams per cubic millimeter decigrams per cubic hektometer

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR 160,184,000 160,184 4,535.934220 2.624962 160.184 0.160184 0.000160184 160,184 x 107 1,601,840,000 1,601,840 45,359.342205 26.249619 1,601.840 1.60184 0.00160184 160,184 x 108 16,018,400,000 16,018,400 453,593 262.496193 16,018.4 16.0184 0.0160184 157,085,886 x 109 157,086 x 106 157,086,000 444,820 257.418981 157,086 157.0858859 0.157086

decigrams per cubic dekameter decigrams per cubic meter decigrams per cubic foot decigrams per cubic inch decigrams per cubic decimeter decigrams per cubic centimeter decigrams per cubic millimeter centigrams per cubic hektometer centigrams per cubic dekameter centigrams per cubic meter centigrams per cubic foot centigrams per cubic inch centigrams per cubic decimeter centigrams per cubic centimeter centigrams per cubic millimeter milligrams per cubic hektometer milligrams per cubic dekameter milligrams per cubic meter milligrams per cubic foot milligrams per cubic inch milligrams per cubic decimeter milligrams per cubic centimeter milligrams per cubic millimeter dynes per cubic hektometer dynes per cubic dekameter dynes per cubic meter dynes per cubic foot dynes per cubic inch dynes per cubic decimeter dynes per cubic centimeter dynes per cubic millimeter

POUND PER CUBIC INCH: = 30,511,748 30,511.748042 30.511748 0.864001

tons (net) per cubic hektometer tons (net) per cubic dekameter tons (net) per cubic meter tons (net) per cubic foot

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Universal Conversion Factors

0.0005 0.0305117 0.0000305117 0.0000000305117 27,679,795,200 27,679,795 27,679.7952 783.809037 0.453593 27.679795 0.0276798 0.0000276798 61,023,360,960 61,023,361 61,023.360960 1,728 1 61.0233610 0.0610234 0.0000610234 276,797,952,000 276,797,952 276,798 7,838.0903748 4.535934 276.797952 0.276798 0.000276798 276,797,952 x 104 2,767,979,520 2,767,980 78,380.903748 45.359342 2,767.97952 2.767980 0.00276798 976,373,775,360 975,373,775 976,374

tons (net) per cubic inch tons (net) per cubic decimeter tons (net) per cubic centimeter tons (net) per cubic millimeter kilograms per cubic hektometer kilograms per cubic dekameter kilograms per cubic meter kilograms per cubic foot kilograms per cubic inch kilograms per cubic decimeter kilograms per cubic centimeter kilograms per cubic millimeter pounds per cubic hektometer pounds per cubic dekameter pounds per cubic meter pounds per cubic foot pounds per cubic inch pounds per cubic decimeter pounds per cubic centimeter pounds per cubic millimeter hektograms per cubic hektometer hektograms per cubic dekameter hektograms per cubic meter hektograms per cubic foot hektograms per cubic inch hektograms per cubic decimeter hektograms per cubic centimeter hektograms per cubic millimeter dekagrams per cubic hektometer dekagrams per cubic dekameter dekagrams per cubic meter dekagrams per cubic foot dekagrams per cubic inch dekagrams per cubic decimeter dekagrams per cubic centimeter dekagrams per cubic millimeter ounces per cubic hektometer ounces per cubic dekameter ounces per cubic meter

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR 27,648 16 976.373775 0.976374 0.000976374 276,797,952 x 105 27,679,795,200 27,679,795 783,809 453.593425 27,679.7952 27.679795 0.0276798 276,797,952 x 106 276,797,952 x 103 276,797,952 7,838,090 4,535.934249 276,798 276.797952 0.276798 276,797,952 x 107 276,797,952 x 104 2,767,979,520 78,380,904 45,359.342495 2,767,980 2,767.979520 2.767980 276,797,952 x 108 276,797,952 x 105 276,797,952 x 102 783,809,040 453,593 27,679.795 27,679.7952 27.679795 27,144,411 x 109 27,144,411 x 106

ounces per cubic foot ounces per cubic inch ounces per cubic decimeter ounces per cubic centimeter ounces per cubic millimeter grams per cubic hektometer grams per cubic dekameter grams per cubic meter grams per cubic foot grams per cubic inch grams per cubic decimeter grams per cubic centimeter grams per cubic millimeter decigrams per cubic hektometer decigrams per cubic dekameter decigrams per cubic meter decigrams per cubic foot decigrams per cubic inch decigrams per cubic decimeter decigrams per cubic centimeter decigrams per cubic millimeter centigrams per cubic hektometer centigrams per cubic dekameter centigrams per cubic meter centigrams per cubic foot centigrams per cubic inch centigrams per cubic decimeter centigrams per cubic centimeter centigrams per cubic millimeter milligrams per cubic hektometer milligrams per cubic dekameter milligrams per cubic meter milligrams per cubic foot milligrams per cubic inch milligrams per cubic decimeter milligrams per cubic centimeter milligrams per cubic millimeter dynes per cubic hektometer dynes per cubic dekameter

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Universal Conversion Factors

27,144,411 x 103 768,648,960 444,820 271,444,110 271,444 271.444411

dynes per cubic meter dynes per cubic foot dynes per cubic inch dynes per cubic decimeter dynes per cubic centimeter dynes per cubic millimeter

POUND OF WATER EVAPORATED FROM AND AT 212° F. 24,271,651 291,259,807 754,402 9,052,822 0.244343 244.343393 538.685776 2,443.433927 24,434.339270 8,618.949444 244,343 2,443,434 24,434,339 244,343,393 0.0118359 0.284061 17.0437064 1,022.620366 11.835871 284.0607707 17,043.706381 1,022,620 104.32 104,320 229,942 1,043,200 10,432,000

foot poundals inch poundals foot pounds inch pounds ton calories kilogram calories pound calories hektogram calories dekagram calories ounce calories gram calories (mean) decigram calories centigram calories milligram calories kilowatt days kilowatt hours kilowatt minutes kilowatt seconds watt days watt hours watt minutes watt seconds ton meters kilogram meters pound meters hektograms meters dekagram meters

D&D univ conv factors 10/23/01 3:28 PM Page 276

D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR 3,679,073 104,320,000 1,043,200,000 10,432,000,000 104,320,000,000 1.0432 1,043.2 2,299.424641 10,432 104,320 36,790.753232 1,043,200 10,432,000 104,320,000 1,043,200,000 10.432 10,432 22,994.24641 104,320 1,043,200 367,907 10,432,000 104,320,000 1,043,200,000 10,432,000,000 342.183304 342,183 754,271 3,421,830 34,218,300 12,070,463 342,183,000 3,421,830,000 34,218,300,000 342,183,000,000 4,106.298562 4,106,299 9,052,847 41,062,986

ounce meters gram meters decigram meters centigram meters milligram meters ton hektometers kilogram hektometers pound hektometers hektogram hektometers dekagram hektometers ounce hektometers gram hektometers decigram hektometers centigram hektometers milligram hektometers ton dekameters kilogram dekameters pound dekameters hektogram dekameters dekagram dekameters ounce dekameters gram dekameters decigram dekameters centigram dekameters milligram dekameters ton feet kilogram feet pound feet hektogram feet dekagram feet ounce feet gram feet decigram feet centigram feet milligram feet ton inches kilogram inches pound inches hektogram inches

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Universal Conversion Factors

410,629,856 144,845,540 4,106,298,562 41,062,985,620 410,629,856,200 4,106,298,562 x 103 1,043.2 1,043,200 2,299,425 10,432,000 104,320,000 36,790,700 1,043,200,000 10,432,000,000 104,320,000,000 10,432 x 108 10,432 10,432,000 22,994,250 104,320,000 1,043,200,000 367,907,000 10,432,000,000 104,320,000,000 10,432 x 108 10,432X109 104,320 104,320,000 229,942,500 1,043,200,000 10,432,000,000 3,679,070,000 104,320,000,000 10,432 x 108 10,432 x 109 10,432 x 1010 10.0938730 100.938730 1,009.387298

dekagram inches ounce inches gram inches decigram inches centigram inches milligram inches ton decimeters kilogram decimeters pound decimeters hektogram decimeters dekagram decimeters ounce decimeters gram decimeters decigram decimeters centigram decimeters milligram decimeters ton centimeters kilogram centimeters pound centimeters hektogram centimeters dekagram centimeters ounce centimeters gram centimeters decigram centimeters centigram centimeters milligram centimeters ton millimeters kilogram millimeters pound millimeters hektogram millimeters dekagram millimeters ounce millimeters gram millimeters decigram millimeters centigram millimeters milligram millimeters kiloliter-atmospheres hektoliter-atmospheres dekaliter-atmospheres

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR 10,093.872982 liter-atmospheres 100,939 deciliter-atmospheres 1,009,387 centiliter-atmospheres 10,093,873 milliliter-atmospheres 0.0000000100939 cubic kilometer-atmospheres 0.0000100939 cubic hektometer-atmospheres 0.0100939 cubic dekameter-atmospheres 10.0938730 cubic meter-atmospheres 356.505500 cubic foot-atmospheres 615,979 cubic inch-atmospheres 10,093.872982 cubic decimeter-atmospheres 10,093,873 cubic centimeter-atmosphere 10,093,872,982 cubic millimeter-atmospheres 1,022,792 joules (absolute) 0.386293 Cheval-Vapeur hours 0.0158753 horsepower days 0.380993 horsepower hours 22.860503 horsepower minutes 1,371.626098 horsepower seconds 0.0664530 pounds of carbon oxidized with 100% efficiency 1 pounds of water evaporated from and at 212° F. 439,828 BTU (mean) per pound 969.718377 BTU (mean)

POUND OF WATER AT 60° F.: = 0.0000454248 0.0000454248 0.00059412 0.0028572 0.00454248 0.0128904 0.0124968 0.0160417 0.0454248 0.12 0.103138 0.0999216

kiloliters cubic meters cubic yards barrels hektoliters bushels (U.S.-dry) bushels (Imperial-dry) cubic feet dekaliters gallons (U.S.-liquid) gallons (U.S.-dry) gallons (Imperial)

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Universal Conversion Factors

0.48 0.412496 0.454248 0.454248 0.96 3.84 4.54248 27.72 45.4248 454.248 454.248 454,248 7,372.80 15.36 122.88 0.000446628 0.000453792 0.000500220 0.453792 1 1.215812 4.53792 45.3792 14.589749 16 116.717990 256 35.0153971 453.792 4,537.92 7,000 45,379.2 453,792 27.6798

quarts (liquid) quarts (dry) liters cubic decimeters pints gills deciliters cubic inches centiliters milliliters cubic centimeters cubic millimeters minims ounces (fluid) drams (fluid) tons (long) tons (metric) tons (short) kilograms pounds (Avoir.) pounds (Troy) hektograms dekagrams ounces (Troy) ounces (Avoir.) drams (Troy) drams (Avoir.) scruples grams decigrams grains centigrams milligrams inches of water

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR POUNDS PER MILLION GALLONS: = 0.000000132090 tons (net) per cubic meter 0.00011983 kilograms per cubic meter 0.000264180 pounds (Avoir.) per cubic meter 0.00422687 ounces (Avoir.) per cubic meter 0.11983 grams per cubic meter 1.849264 grains per cubic meter 0.0000000210002 tons (net) per barrel 0.0000190510 kilograms per barrel 0.0000420003 pounds (Avoir.) per barrel 0.000672005 ounces (Avoir.) per barrel 0.0190510 grams per barrel 0.294004 grains per barrel 0.00000000370029 tons (net) per cubic foot 0.00000339313 kilograms per cubic foot 0.00000748056 pounds (Avoir.) per cubic foot 0.000119689 ounces (Avoir.) per cubic foot 0.00339313 grams per cubic foot 0.0523642 grains per cubic foot 0.0000000005 tons (net) per gallon (U.S.-liquid) 0.000000453585 kilograms per gallon (U.S.-liquid) 0.000001 pounds (Avoir.) per gallon (U.S.-liquid) 0.000016 ounces (Avoir.) per gallon (U.S.-liquid) 0.000453585 grams per gallon (U.S.-liquid) 0.007 grains per gallon (U.S.-liquid) 0.000000000600477 tons (net) per gallon (Imperial-liquid) 0.000000544729 kilograms per gallon (Imperial-liquid) 0.00000120095 pounds (Avoir.) per gallon (Imp.-liquid) 0.0000192153 ounces (Avoir.) per gallon (Imp.-liquid) 0.000544729 grams per gallon (Imperial-liquid) 0.00840670 grains per gallon (Imperial-liquid) 0.000000000132090 tons (net) per liter 0.00000011983 kilograms per liter 0.000000264180 pounds (Avoir.) per liter 0.00000422687 ounces (Avoir.) per liter 0.00011983 grams per liter 0.00184926 grains per liter 0.00000000000216453 tons (net) per cubic inch 0.00000000196362 kilograms per cubic inch

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Universal Conversion Factors

0.00000000432903 0.0000000692645 0.00000196362 0.0000303033

pounds (Avoir.) per cubic inch ounces (Avoir.) per cubic inch grams per cubic inch grains per cubic inch

POUND WEIGHT SECOND PER SQUARE FOOT: = 478.8

poises

POUND WEIGHT PER SECOND PER SQUARE INCH: = 68,950

poises

QUADRANT (ANGLE): = 324,000 5,400 90 1.57080 0.25 0.7854

seconds minutes degrees radians circumference or revolution Pi (π)

QUART (U.S.-DRY): = 0.000110089 0.000110089 0.00143986 0.00692448 0.0110089 0.0312402 0.0302863 0.0388775 0.110089

kiloliters cubic meters cubic yards barrels hektoliters bushels (U.S.-dry) bushels (Imperial-dry) cubic feet dekaliters

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR 0.290823 0.249956 0.242162 1.163290 1 1.100889 1.100889 2 2.326580 7.749187 9.306320 11.00888839 67.18 110.0888839 1,100.888839 1,100.888839 1,100,889 17,868.135060 37.225281 297.802251 0.00108241 0.00109977 0.00121230 1.0997744 2.424587 2.946547 10.997744 109.977441 35.358561 38.793396 282.868492 620.694342 707.171230 848.605475 1,099.774407 10,997.744067 16,972.110905 109,977 1,099,774

gallons (U.S.-liquid) gallons (U.S.-dry) gallons (Imperial) quarts (liquid) quarts (dry) liters cubic decimeters pints (U.S.-dry) pints (U.S.-liquid) gills (Imperial) gills (U.S.) deciliters cubic inches centiliters milliliters cubic centimeters cubic millimeters minims ounces (fluid) drams (fluid) tons (long) tons (metric) tons (short) kilograms pounds (Avoir.) pounds (Troy) hektograms dekagrams ounces (Troy) ounces (Avoir.) drams (Troy) drams (Avoir.) pennyweights scruples grams decigrams grains centigrams milligrams

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Universal Conversion Factors

QUART (U.S.-LIQUID): = 0.0000946358 0.0000946358 0.00123775 0.0059525 0.00946358 0.026855 0.026035 0.0334203 0.0946358 0.25 0.21487 0.20817 1 0.859368 0.946358 0.946358 1.718733 2 6.66144 8 9.46358 57.75 94.6358 946.358 946.358 946,358 15,360 32 256 0.000930475 0.0009454 0.00104213 0.9454 2.08425 2.532943 9.455 94.55

kiloliters cubic meters cubic yards barrels hektoliters bushels (U.S.-dry) bushels (Imperial-dry) cubic feet dekaliters gallons (U.S.-liquid) gallons (U.S.-dry) gallons (Imperial) quarts (liquid) quarts (dry) liters cubic decimeters pints (U.S.-dry) pints (U.S.-liquid) gills (Imperial) gills (U.S.) deciliters cubic inches centiliters milliliters cubic centimeters cubic millimeters minims ounces (fluid) drams (fluid) tons (long) water @ 62° F. tons (metric) water @ 62° F. tons (short) water @ 62° F. kilograms water @ 62° F. pounds (Avoir.) water @ 62° F. pounds (Troy) water @ 62° F. hektograms water @ 62° F. dekagrams water @ 60° F.

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR 30.39531 33.348 243.16248 533.568 607.9062 729.48744 945.5 9,455 14,589.75 94,550 945,500

ounces (Troy) water @ 62° F. ounces (Avoir.) water @ 62° F. drams (Troy) water @ 62° F. drams (Avoir.) water @ 62° F. pennyweights water @ 62° F. scruples water @ 62° F. grams water @ 62° F. decigrams water @ 62° F. grains water @ 62° F. centigrams water @ 62° F. milligrams water @ 62° F.

QUIRE: = 25 sheets

RADIAN: = 206,265 3,437.75 57.29578 0.637 0.159155 0.5 57°17’44.8”

seconds or inches minutes degrees quadrants circumference or revolutions Pi (π) (In degrees, minutes, and seconds)

RADIANS PER SECOND: = 57.29578 3,437.7468 206,265 4,950.355 0.637 38.22 2,293.2

degrees per second degrees per minute degrees per hour degrees per day quadrants per second quadrants per minute quadrants per hour

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Universal Conversion Factors

55,036.8 0.159155 9.5493 572.958 13,750.992

quadrants per day revolutions per second revolutions per minute revolutions per hour revolutions per day

RADIAN PER SECOND PER SECOND: = 57.29578 3,437.7468 206,265 0.637 38.22 2,293.2 0.159155 9.5493 572.958

degrees per second per second degrees per minute per second degrees per minute per minute quadrants per second per second quadrants per minute per second quadrants per minute per minute revolutions per second per second revolutions per minute per second revolutions per minute per minute

REAM: = 500 20

sheets quires

REVOLUTION: = 1,296,000 21,600 360 6.2832 4 2 1

seconds or inches minutes degrees radians quadrants Pi (π) circumference

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR REVOLUTIONS PER SECOND PER SECOND: = 360 21,600 1,296,000 6.2832 376.9920 22,619.52 4 240 14,400 1 60 3,600

degrees per second per second degrees per minute per second degrees per minute per minute radians per second per second radians per minute per second radians per minute per minute quadrants per second per second quadrants per minute per second quadrants per minute per minute revolutions per second per second revolutions per minute per second revolutions per minute per minute

REVOLUTIONS PER MINUTE PER MINUTE: = 0.1 6 360 0.0017453 0.104718 6.2832 0.00111111 0.06666667 4 0.000277778 0.0166667 1

degrees per second per second degrees per minute per second degrees per minute per minute radians per second per second radians per minute per second radians per minute per minute quadrants per second per second quadrants per minute per second quadrants per minute per minute revolutions per second per second revolutions per minute per second revolutions per minute per minute

REVOLUTIONS PER SECOND: = 111,974,400,000 4,665,600,000 77,760,000 1,296,000 1,866,240,000

seconds or inches per day seconds or inches per hour seconds or inches per minute seconds or inches per second minutes per day

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Universal Conversion Factors

77,760,000 1,296,000 21,600 31,104,000 1,296,000 21,600 360 542,868 22,619.52 376.9920 6.2832 345,600 14,400 240 4 172,800 7,200 120 2 86,400 3,600 60 1

minutes per hour minutes per minute minutes per second degrees per day degrees per hour degrees per minute degrees per second radians per day radians per hour radians per minute radians per second quadrants per day quadrants per hour quadrants per minute quadrants per second Pi (π) per day Pi (π) per hour Pi (π) per minute Pi (π) per second revolutions or circumferences per day revolutions or circumferences per hour revolutions or circumferences per minute revolutions or circumferences per second

REVOLUTION PER MINUTE: = 1,866,240,000 77,760,000 1,296,000 21,600 31,104,000 1,296,000 21,600 360 518,400 21,600 360 6

seconds or inches per day seconds or inches per hour seconds or inches per minute seconds or inches per second minutes per day minutes per hour minutes per minute minutes per second degrees per day degrees per hour degrees per minute degrees per second

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR 9,047.808 376.992 6.2832 0.10472 5,760 240 4 0.0666667 2,880 120 2 0.0333333 1,440 60 1 0.016667

radians per day radians per hour radians per minute radians per second quadrants per day quadrants per hour quadrants per minute quadrants per second Pi (π) per day Pi (π) per hour Pi (π) per minute Pi (π) per second revolutions or circumferences per day revolutions or circumferences per hour revolutions or circumferences per minute revolutions or circumferences per second

REVOLUTION PER HOUR: = 31,104,000 1,296,000 21,600 360 518,400 21,600 360 6 8,640 360 6 0.1 150.796512 6.2832 0.104720 0.00174533 96 4 0.0666667

seconds or inches per day seconds or inches per hour seconds or inches per minute seconds or inches per second minutes per day minutes per hour minutes per minute minutes per second degrees per day degrees per hour degrees per minute degrees per second radians per day radians per hour radians per minute radians per second quadrants per day quadrants per hour quadrants per minute

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Universal Conversion Factors

0.00111111 48 2 0.0333333 0.000555556 24 1 0.0166667 0.000277778

quadrants per second Pi (π) per day Pi (π) per hour Pi (π) per minute Pi (π) per second revolutions or circumferences per day revolutions or circumferences per hour revolutions or circumferences per minute revolutions or circumferences per second

REVOLUTION PER DAY: = 1,296,000 54,000 900 15 21,600 900 15 0.25 360 15 0.25 0.00416667 6.2832 0.2618 0.00436333 0.0000727222 4 0.166667 0.00277778 0.0000462963 2 0.0833333 0.00138889 0.0000231481 1 0.0416667

seconds or inches per day seconds or inches per hour seconds or inches per minute seconds or inches per second minutes per day minutes per hour minutes per minute minutes per second degrees per day degrees per hour degrees per minute degrees per second radians per day radians per hour radians per minute radians per second quadrants per day quadrants per hour quadrants per minute quadrants per second Pi (π) per day Pi (π) per hour Pi (π) per minute Pi (π) per second revolutions or circumferences per day revolutions or circumferences per hour

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR 0.000694446 0.0000115741

revolutions or circumferences per minute revolutions or circumferences per second

ROD: = 0.00271363 0.003125 0.00502922 0.025 0.0502922 0.25 0.502922 1 5.0292188 5.5 5.94 16.5 22 25 49.5 50.292188 502.921875 198 5,029.21875 198,000 5,029,219 50,029,218,750 5,029,218,750 7,811,165 50,292,187,500

miles (nautical) miles (statute) kilometers furlongs hektometers chains dekameters rods meters yards varas (Texas) feet spans links hands decimeters centimeters inches millimeters mils microns milli-microns micro-millimeters wave lengths of red line of cium Angstrom units

SACK CEMENT: = 0.19592 94 8.22857 1.1

barrels pounds (Avoir.) gallons (U.S.-liquid) cubic feet (set)

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Universal Conversion Factors

1,900.8 3.15 0.484

cubic inches specific gravity cubic feet (absolute volume)

SEAWATER GRAVITY: = 1.02 to 1.03

SECOND, FOOT (WATER): = 2,446.594024 101.941418 1.699024 0.0283171 2,446.594024 101.941418 1.699024 0.0283171 3,200.144983 133.339374 2.222323 0.0370378 15,388.959079 641.206628 10.686777 0.178113 24,465.940237 1,019.414177 16.990236 0.283171 69,429.445206 2,892.893550 48.214893 0.803582 67,273.995871 2,803.0831613 46.718053

kiloliters per day kiloliters per hour kiloliters per minute kiloliters per second cubic meters per day cubic meters per hour cubic meters per minute cubic meters per second cubic yards per day cubic yards per hour cubic yards per minute cubic yards per second barrels per day barrels per hour barrels per minute barrels per second hektoliters per day hektoliters per hour hektoliters per minute hektoliters per second bushels (U.S.-dry) per day bushels (U.S.-dry) per hour bushels (U.S.-dry) per minute bushels (U.S.-dry) per second bushels (Imperial-dry) per day bushels (Imperial-dry) per hour bushels (Imperial-dry) per minute

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR 0.778634 86,400 3,600 60 1 244,659 10,194.141766 169,902,363 2,831,706 277,718 11,571.574201 192.859570 3,214,326 646,336 26,930.679834 448.844664 7,480,744 555,426 23,142.740636 385,712,344 6.428539 538,202 22,425.0730560 373.751218 6.229187 2,585,340 107,723 1,795.375258 29.922921 2,221,757 92,573.205256 1,542.886754 25.714779 2,446,594 101,941 1,699.0236276 28.317060 2,446,594 101,941

bushels (Imperial-dry) per second cubic feet per day cubic feet per hour cubic feet per minute cubic feet per second dekaliters per day dekaliters per hour dekaliters per minute dekaliters per second pecks (U.S.-dry) per day pecks (U.S.-dry) per hour pecks (U.S.-dry) per minute pecks (U.S.-dry) per second gallons (U.S.-dry) per day gallons (U.S.-dry) per hour gallons (U.S.-dry) per minute gallons (U.S.-dry) per second gallons (U.S.-liquid) per day gallons (U.S.-liquid) per hour gallons (U.S.-liquid) per minute gallons (U.S.-liquid) per second gallons (Imperial) per day gallons (Imperial) per hour gallons (Imperial) per minute gallons (Imperial) per second quarts (liquid) per day quarts (liquid) per hour quarts (liquid) per minute quarts (liquid) per second quarts (dry) per day quarts (dry) per hour quarts (dry) per minute quarts (dry) per second liters per day liters per hour liters per minute liters per second cubic decimeters per day cubic decimeters per hour

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Universal Conversion Factors

1,699.0236276 28.317060 4,443,513 185,146 3,085.766712 51.429445 5,170,639 215,443 3,590.716535 59.845276 17,222,068 717,586 11,959.767119 199.329452 20,683,007 861,792 14,363.205943 239.386766 24,465,940 1,019,414 16,990.236276 283.170605 149,303,400 6,220,975 103,683 1,728.048146 244,659,402 10,194,142 169,902 2,831.706046 2,446,594,024 101,941,418 1,699,023 28,317.06046 2,446,594,024 101,941,418 1,699,023 28,317.06046 2,446,594,024 x 103

cubic decimeters per minute cubic decimeters per second pints (U.S.-dry) per day pints (U.S.-dry) per hour pints (U.S.-dry) per minute pints (U.S.-dry) per second pints (U.S.-liquid) per day pints (U.S.-liquid) per hour pints (U.S.-liquid) per minute pints (U.S.-liquid) per second gills (Imperial) per day gills (Imperial) per hour gills (Imperial) per minute gills (Imperial) per second gills (U.S.) per day gills (U.S.) per hour gills (U.S.) per minute gills (U.S.) per second deciliters per day deciliters per hour deciliters per minute deciliters per second cubic inches per day cubic inches per hour cubic inches per minute cubic inches per second centiliters per day centiliters per hour centiliters per minute centiliters per second milliliters per day milliliters per hour milliliters per minute milliliters per second cubic centimeters per day cubic centimeters per hour cubic centimeters per minute cubic centimeters per second cubic millimeters per day

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR 101,941,417,656 1,699,023,627 28,317,060 82,730,841 3,447,121 57,451.974260 957.532904 86,110,312 3,587,941 59,798.835597 996.647260 661,847,490 27,576,966 459,616 7,660.271730 39,710,848,658 1,654,618,682 27,576,966 459,616 1.98347 1

cubic millimeters per hour cubic millimeters per minute cubic millimeters per second ounces (U.S.) fluid per day ounces (U.S.) fluid per hour ounces (U.S.) fluid per minute ounces (U.S.) fluid per second ounces (Imperial-fluid) per day ounces (Imperial-fluid) per hour ounces (Imperial-fluid) per minute ounces (Imperial-fluid) per second drams (fluid) per day drams (fluid) per hour drams (fluid) per minute drams (fluid) per second minims per day minims per hour minims per minute minims per second acre feet acre, inch per hour

SECOND, (ANGLE): = 1 0.0166667 0.000277778 0.00000484814 0.00000308651 0.00000154321 0.000000771607

seconds minutes degrees radians quadrants Pi (π) circumference

SQUARE CENTIMETER: = 0.00000000003831 0.0000000001 0.00000000247104 0.0000000247104

square miles or sections square kilometers square furlongs acres

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Universal Conversion Factors

0.00000001 0.000000247104 0.000001 0.00000395367 0.0001 0.00011960 0.000139498 0.00107639 0.00247104 0.01 1 0.1550 100 155,000 197,350 127.32

square hektometers or hectares square chains square dekameters or acres square rods square meters or centares square yards square varas (Texas) square feet square links square decimeters square centimeters square inches square millimeters square mils circular mils circular millimeters

SQUARE CHAIN: = 0.00015625 0.000404687 0.01 0.1 0.0404687 1 4.046873 16 404.6873 484 564.530690 4,356 10,000 40,468.73 4,046,873 627,265 404,687,300 627,265,000,000 798,650,386,550 515,247,870

square miles or sections square kilometers square furlongs acres square hektometers or hectares square chains square dekameters or ares square rods square meters or centares square yards square varas (Texas) square feet square links square decimeters square centimeters square inches square millimeters square mils circular mils circular millimeters

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR SQUARE DECIMETER: = 0.000000003831 0.00000001 0.000000247104 0.00000247104 0.000001 0.0000247104 0.0001 0.000395367 0.01 0.011960 0.0139498 0.107639 0.247104 1 100 15.5 10,000 15,500,000 19,735,000 12,732

square miles or sections square kilometers square furlongs acres square hektometers or hectares square chains square dekameters or ares square rods square meters or centares square yards square varas (Texas) square feet square links square decimeters square centimeters square inches square millimeters square mils circular mils circular millimeters

SQUARE DEKAMETER: = 0.00003831 0.0001 0.00247104 0.0247104 0.01 0.247104 1 3.95367 100 119.60 139.498 1,076.39 2,471.04

square miles or sections square kilometers square furlongs acres square hektometers or hectares square chains square dekameters or ares square rods square meters or centares square yards square varas (Texas) square feet square links

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Universal Conversion Factors

10,000 1,000,000 155,000 100,000,000 155,000,000,000 197,350,000,000 127,320,000

square decimeters square centimeters square inches square millimeters square mils circular mils circular millimeters

SQUARE FOOT: = 0.0000000355913 0.0000000929034 0.00000229568 0.0000229568 0.00000929034 0.000229568 0.000929034 0.00367309 0.0929034 0.111111 0.129598 1 2.29568 9.290341 929.0341 144 92,903.41152 144,000,000 183,346,560 118,285

square miles or sections square kilometers square furlongs acres square hektometers or hectares square chains square dekameters or ares square rods square meters or centares square yards square varas (Texas) square feet square links square decimeters square centimeters square inches square millimeters square mils circular mils circular millimeters

SQUARE FURLONG: = 0.015625 0.040687 1 10

square miles or sections square kilometers square furlongs acres

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR 4.04687 100 404.6873 1,600 40,468.73 48,400 56,453.069 435,600 1,000,000 4,046,873 404,687,300 62,726,500 40,468,730,000 627,265 x 108 79,865,038,655 x 103 51,524,787,000

square hektometers or hectares square chains square dekameters or ares square rods square meters or centares square yards square varas (Texas) square feet square links square decimeters square centimeters square inches square millimeters square mils circular mils circular millimeters

SQUARE HEKTOMETER: = 0.003831 0.01 0.247104 2.471044 1 24.71044 100 395.367 10,000 11,959.8 13,949.8 107,639 247,104 1,000,000 100,000,000 15,500,000 1 x 1010 155 x 1011 19,735 x 108 12,732 x 106

square miles or sections square kilometers square furlongs acres square hektometers or hectares square chains square dekameters or acres square rods square meters or centares square yards square varas (Texas) square feet square links square decimeters square centimeters square inches square millimeters square mils circular mils circular millimeters

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Universal Conversion Factors

SQUARE INCH: = 0.00000000024908 0.000000000645163 0.0000000159422 0.000000159422 0.0000000645163 0.00000159423 0.00000645163 0.0000255076 0.000645163 0.000771605 0.000899986 0.00694444 0.0159423 0.0645163 6.451626 1 645.16258 1,000,000 1,273,240 821.423611

square miles or sections square kilometers square furlongs acres square hektometers or hectares square chains square dekameters or ares square rods square meters or centares square yards square varas (Texas) square feet square links square decimeters square centimeters square inches square millimeters square mils circular mils circular millimeters

SQUARE KILOMETER: = 0.383101 1 24.71044 247.1044 100 2,471.044 10,000 39,536.7 1,000,000 1,195,980 1,394,980 10,764,000 24,710,440 100,000,000

square miles or sections square kilometers square furlongs acres square hektometers or hectares square chains square dekameters or ares square rods square meters or centares square yards square varas (Texas) square feet square links square decimeters

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR 1 x 1010 1,550,000,000 1 x 1012 155 x 1013 19,735 x 1010 12,732 x 108

square centimeters square inches square millimeters square mils circular mils circular millimeters

SQUARE LINK: = 0.000000015625 0.0000000404687 0.000001 0.00001 0.00000404687 0.0001 0.000404687 0.0016 0.040469 0.0484 0.0564531 0.4356 1 4.046873 404.6873 62.7265 40,468.73 62,726,500 79,863,380 51,524.787

square miles or sections square kilometers square furlongs acres square hektometers or hectares square chains square dekameters or ares square rods square meters or centares square yards square varas (Texas) square feet square links square decimeters square centimeters square inches square millimeters square mils circular mils circular millimeters

SQUARE METER: = 0.0000003831 0.000001 0.0000247104 0.000247104 0.0001 0.00247104

square miles or sections square kilometers square furlongs acres square hektometers or hectares square chains

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Universal Conversion Factors

0.01 0.0395367 1 1.19598 1.39498 10.7639 19.13580 24.71044 96.8750 100 10,000 1,550 1,000,000 1,550,000,000 197,350,000 1,273,200

square dekameters or ares square rods square meters or centares square yards square varas (Texas) square feet square spans square links square hands square decimeters square centimeters square inches square millimeters square mils circular mils circular millimeters

SQUARE MIL: = 0.00000000000000024908 square miles or sections 0.00000000000000064516 square kilometers 0.0000000000000159422 square furlongs 0.000000000000159422 acres 0.000000000000064516 square hektometers or hectares 0.00000000000159423 square chains 0.00000000000645163 square dekameters or ares 0.0000000000255076 square rods 0.000000000645163 square meters or centares 0.000000000771605 square yards 0.000000000899986 square varas (Texas) 0.00000000694444 square feet 0.0000000159423 square links 0.0000000645163 square decimeters 0.00000645163 square centimeters 0.000001 square inches 0.000645163 square millimeters 1 square mils 1.273224 circular mils 0.000821424 circular millimeters

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR SQUARE MILE OR SECTION: = 1 2.589998 64 640 258.9998 6,400 25,899.98 102,400 2,589,998 3,097,600 3,612,995 27,878,400 64,000,000 25,899,980 258,999,800 4,014,496,900 2,589,998,000 40,144,969 x 108 51,114 x 1010 32,976 x 108

square miles or sections square kilometers square furlongs acres square hektometers or hectares square chains square dekameters or ares square rods square meters or centares square yards square varas (Texas) square feet square links square decimeters square centimeters square inches square millimeters square mils circular mils circular millimeters

SQUARE MILLIMETER: = 0.0000000000003831 0.000000000001 0.0000000000247104 0.000000000247104 0.0000000001 0.0000000024104 0.00000001 0.0000000395367 0.000001 0.0000011960 0.00000139498 0.0000107639 0.0000247104 0.0001

square miles or sections square kilometers square furlongs acres square hektometers or hectares square chains square dekameters or ares square rods square meters or centares square yards square varas (Texas) square feet square links square decimeters

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Universal Conversion Factors

0.01 0.00155 1 1,550 1,973.5 1.2732

square centimeters square inches square millimeters square mils circular mils circular millimeters

SQUARE ROD: = 0.00000976563 0.0000252929 0.000625 0.00625 0.00252929 0.0625 0.252929 1 25.2929 30.25 35.283168 272.25 625 2,529.29 252,929 39,204 25,292,900 39,202,600,000 49,913,691,182 32,202,992

square miles or sections square kilometers square furlongs acres square hektometers or hectares square chains square dekameters or ares square rods square meters or centares square yards square varas (Texas) square feet square links square decimeters square centimeters square inches square millimeters square mils circular mils circular millimeters

SQUARE VARA (TEXAS): = 0.000000274622 0.000000716843 0.0000177135 0.000177135 0.0000716843 0.00177135

square miles or sections square kilometers square furlongs acres square hektometers or hectares square chains

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR 0.00716843 0.0283416 0.716843 0.857332 1 7.716 17.713467 71.684263 7,168.426344 1,111.104 716,843 1,111,104,000 1,414,702,057 912,687

square dekameters or ares square rods square meters or centares square yards square varas (Texas) square feet square links square decimeters square centimeters square inches square millimeters square mils circular mils circular millimeters

SQUARE YARD: = 0.000000322831 0.000000836131 0.0000206612 0.000206612 0.0000836131 0.00206612 0.00836131 0.0330579 0.836131 1 1.166382 9 20.66112 83.61306 8,361.306 1,296 836,131 1,296,000,000 1,650,119,040 1,064,565

square miles or sections square kilometers square furlongs acres square hektometers or hectares square chains square dekameters or ares square rods square meters or centares square yards square varas (Texas) square feet square links square decimeters square centimeters square inches square millimeters square mils circular mils circular millimeters

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Universal Conversion Factors

TEMPERATURE, ABSOLUTE IN CENTIGRADE OR KELVIN: = temperature in C° — ⁄ 273.18°

TEMPERATURE, ABSOLUTE IN FAHRENHEIT OR RANKIN: = temperature in F° — ⁄ 459.69°

TEMPERATURE, DEGREES CENTIGRADE: = 5/9 (Temp. F° – 32°) 5/4 (Temp. Reaumur)

TEMPERATURE, DEGREES FAHRENHEIT: = 9/5 (Temp. F° — / 32°) 9/4 (Temp. Reaumur — / 32°)

TEMPERATURE, DEGREES REAUMUR: = 4/9 (Temp. F° - 32°) 4/5 (Temp. C°)

DEGREE CENTIGRADE: = 0.8 or 4/5 degree Reaumur 1.00 degrees absolute, Kelvin 1.8 or 9/5 degrees Fahrenheit

DEGREE FAHRENHEIT: = 0.44444 or 4/9 degree Reaumur 0.55556 or 5/9 degree Centigrade

DEGREE REAUMUR: = 1.25 or 5/4 degrees Centigrade 2.25 or 9/4 degrees Fahrenheit

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR TONS (LONG): = 1 1.0160470 1.12 1,016.0470 2,722.22 2,240 10,160.470 101,605 32,667 35,840 1,016,047 10,160,470 101,604,700 1,016,047,000 15,680,000 261,333 573,440 653,333 784,022 5,080,320 6.19755 7.33627 28.607 260.02971

tons (long) tons (metric) tons (net) kilograms pounds (Troy) pounds (Avoir.) hektograms dekagrams ounces (Troy) ounces (Avoir.) grams decigrams centigrams milligrams grains drams (Troy) drams (Avoir) pennyweights scruples carats (metric) barrels of water @ 60° F. barrels of oil @ 36° API cubic feet gallons (U.S.-liquid)

TONS (METRIC): = 0.984206 1 1.10231 1,000 2,679.23 2,204.622341 10,000 100,000 32,150.76

tons (long) tons (metric) tons (net) kilograms pounds (Troy) pounds (Avoir.) hektograms dekagrams ounces (Troy)

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Universal Conversion Factors

35,273.96 1,000,000 10,000,000 100,000,000 1,000,000,000 15,432,365 257,206 564,384 643,015 771,618 5,000,086 6.297 7.454 29.0662 264.474

ounces (Avoir.) grams decigrams centigrams milligrams grains drams (Troy) drams (Avoir) pennyweights scruples carats (metric) barrels of water @ 60° F. barrels of oil @ 36° API cubic feet gallons (U.S.-liquid)

TONS (NET): = 0.892858 0.907185 1 907.184872 2,430.56 2,000 9,071.84872 90,718.4872 29,166.66 32,000 907,185 9,071,849 90,718,487 907,184,872 14,000,000 233,333 512,000 583,333 700,020 4,536,000

tons (long) tons (metric) tons (net) kilograms pounds (Troy) pounds (Avoir.) hektograms dekagrams ounces (Troy) ounces (Avoir.) grams decigrams centigrams milligrams grains drams (Troy) drams (Avoir) pennyweights scruples carats (metric)

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR 5.71255 6.76216 32.04 239.9271

barrels of water @ 60° F. barrels of oil @ 36° API cubic feet gallons (U.S.-liquid)

TON OF REFRIGERATION: = 7,208,640,000 300,360,000 5,006,000 83,433.334 224,056,200 9,335,672 15,594.53 2,593.242 72,570.8 3,023,784 50.396 0.83994 2,559,836 107,060 1,777.664 29.62780 30,977,400 1,290,722 21,512 358.534 2,996,006 124,834 2,080.554 34.676 1,058,693,800 44,112,200 735,200 12,253.4 4.655 4.715 3.514

foot poundals per day foot poundals per hour foot poundals per minute foot poundals per second foot pounds per day foot pounds per hour foot pounds per minute foot pounds per second kilogram calories per day kilogram calories per hour kilogram calories per minute kilogram calories per second ounce calories per day ounce calories per hour ounce calories per minute ounce calories per second kilogram meters per day kilogram meters per hour kilogram meters per minute kilogram meters per second liter-atmospheres per day liter-atmospheres per hour liter-atmospheres per minute liter-atmospheres per second cubic foot atmospheres per day cubic foot atmospheres per hour cubic foot atmospheres per minute cubic foot atmospheres per second Cheval-Vapeurs horsepower kilowatts

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Universal Conversion Factors

3,514 303,609,600 12,650,400 210,840 3,514 19.7286 0.82202 0.0137 0.00022834 296.64 12.36 0.206 0.0034334 288,000 12,000 200 3.3334

watts joules per day joules per hour joules per minute joules per second pounds of carbon oxidized with 100% efficiency per day pounds of carbon oxidized with 100% efficiency per hour pounds of carbon oxidized with 100% efficiency per minute pounds of carbon oxidized with 100% efficiency per second pounds of water evaporated from and at 212° F. per day pounds of water evaporated from and at 212° F. per hour pounds of water evaporated from and at 212° F. per minute pounds of water evaporated from and at 212° F. per second BTU per day BTU per hour BTU per minute BTU per second

TONS (NET) OF WATER PER DAY: = 0.0907226 0.00378023 0.0000630030 0.00000105004 0.0907226 0.00378023 0.0000630030 0.00000105004 1.186579 0.0494404

kiloliters per day kiloliters per hour kiloliters per minute kiloliters per second cubic meters per day cubic meters per hour cubic meters per minute cubic meters per second cubic yards per day cubic yards per hour

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR 0.000824014 0.0000137335 5.706411 0.237766 0.00396285 0.0000660467 0.907226 0.0378023 0.00630030 0.0000105004 32.0385859 1.334931 0.0222490 0.000370809 9.0722588 0.378023 0.00630030 0.000105004 239.664469 9.986099 0.166433 0.00277388 199.563810 8.315159 0.138586 0.0230977 90.722588 3.780228 0.0630030 0.00105004 90.722588 3.780228 0.0630030 0.00105004 958.657876 39.944877 0.665740 0.011095 1,917.315752

cubic yards per minute cubic yards per second barrels per day barrels per hour barrels per minute barrels per second hektoliters per day hektoliters per hour hektoliters per minute hektoliters per second cubic feet per day cubic feet per hour cubic feet per minute cubic feet per second dekaliters per day dekaliters per hour dekaliters per minute dekaliters per second gallons (U.S.) per day gallons (U.S.) per hour gallons (U.S.) per minute gallons (U.S.) per second gallons (Imperial) per day gallons (Imperial) per hour gallons (Imperial) per minute gallons (Imperial) per second liters per day liters per hour liters per minute liters per second cubic decimeters per day cubic decimeters per hour cubic decimeters per minute cubic decimeters per second quarts per day quarts per hour quarts per minute quarts per second pints per day

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Universal Conversion Factors

79.888076 1.331470 0.0221913 7,669.263008 319.551826 5.325824 0.0887645 907.225881 37.802277 0.630030 0.0105004 55,362.492339 2,306.770514 38.446974 0.640767 9,072.258810 378.0227670 6.300300 0.105004 90,722.588095 3,780.227670 63.00299561 1.0500419 90,722.588095 3,780.227670 63.00299561 1.0500419 90,722,588 3,780,227 63,002.995611 1,050.0419380 2,000 83.333333 1.388889 0.0231481 25.744757 1.0726902 0.0178783 0.000297975

pints per hour pints per minute pints per second gills per day gills per hour gills per minute gills per second deciliters per day deciliters per hour deciliters per minute deciliters per second cubic inches per day cubic inches per hour cubic inches per minute cubic inches per second centiliters per day centiliters per hour centiliters per minute centiliters per second milliliters per day milliliters per hour milliliters per minute milliliters per second cubic centimeters per day cubic centimeters per hour cubic centimeters per minute cubic centimeters per second cubic millimeters per day cubic millimeters per hour cubic millimeters per minute cubic millimeters per second pounds (Avoir.) per day pounds (Avoir.) per hour pounds (Avoir.) per minute pounds (Avoir.) per second bushels (U.S.-dry) per day bushels (U.S.-dry) per hour bushels (U.S.-dry) per minute bushels (U.S.-dry) per second

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR 24.958658 1.0399521 0.0173323 0.000288868

bushels (Imperial) per day bushels (Imperial) per hour bushels (Imperial) per minute bushels (Imperial) per second

TONS (NET) OF WATER PER HOUR: = 2.177342 0.0907226 0.00151204 0.0000252007 2.177342 0.0907226 0.00151204 0.0000252007 28.476932 1.186579 0.0197763 0.000329611 136.953864 5.706411 0.0951061 0.00158512 21.773421 0.907226 0.0151204 0.000252007 768.925102 32.0385859 0.533972 0.00889970 217.734211 9.0722588 0.151204 0.00252007 5,751.947256 239.664469 3.994488

kiloliters per day kiloliters per hour kiloliters per minute kiloliters per second cubic meters per day cubic meters per hour cubic meters per minute cubic meters per second cubic yards per day cubic yards per hour cubic yards per minute cubic yards per second barrels per day barrels per hour barrels per minute barrels per second hektoliters per day hektoliters per hour hektoliters per minute hektoliters per second cubic feet per day cubic feet per hour cubic feet per minute cubic feet per second dekaliters per day dekaliters per hour dekaliters per minute dekaliters per second gallons (U.S.) per day gallons (U.S.) per hour gallons (U.S.) per minute

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Universal Conversion Factors

0.0665740 4,789.531441 199.56381 3.326064 0.0554344 2,177.342114 90.722588 1.512043 0.0252007 2,177.342114 907.225881 1.512043 0.0252007 23,007.789024 958.657876 15.977711 0.266291 46,015.578048 1,917.315752 31.954464 0.532282 184,062 7,669.263008 127.820251 2.130353 21,773.421143 9,072.258810 15.120431 0.252007 1,328,700 55,362.492339 922.708206 15.378550 217,734 90,722.588095 151.204313 2.520072 2,177,342 907,226

gallons (U.S.) per second gallons (Imperial) per day gallons (Imperial) per hour gallons (Imperial) per minute gallons (Imperial) per second liters per day liters per hour liters per minute liters per second cubic decimeters per day cubic decimeters per hour cubic decimeters per minute cubic decimeters per second quarts per day quarts per hour quarts per minute quarts per second pints per day pints per hour pints per minute pints per second gills per day gills per hour gills per minute gills per second deciliters per day deciliters per hour deciliters per minute deciliters per second cubic inches per day cubic inches per hour cubic inches per minute cubic inches per second centiliters per day centiliters per hour centiliters per minute centiliters per second milliliters per day milliliters per hour

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR 1,512.0431349 25.200719 2,177,342 907,226 1,512.0431349 25.200719 2,177,342,114 907,225,881 15,120.431349 25,200.718915 48,000 2,000 33.333333 0.555556 617.874174 25.744757 0.429071 0.00715135 599.00778724 24.958658 0.415986 0.00693301

milliliters per minute milliliters per second cubic centimeters per day cubic centimeters per hour cubic centimeters per minute cubic centimeters per second cubic millimeters per day cubic millimeters per hour cubic millimeters per minute cubic millimeters per second pounds (Avoir.) per day pounds (Avoir.) per hour pounds (Avoir.) per minute pounds (Avoir.) per second bushels (U.S.-dry) per day bushels (U.S.-dry) per hour bushels (U.S.-dry) per minute bushels (U.S.-dry) per second bushels (Imperial) per day bushels (Imperial) per hour bushels (Imperial) per minute bushels (Imperial) per second

TONS (NET) OF WATER PER MINUTE: = 1,306.415814 54.434991 0.907226 0.0151207 1,306.415814 54.434991 0.907226 0.0151207 1,708.673452 71.194727 1.186579 0.0197764 8,217.231850 342.384660

kiloliters per day kiloliters per hour kiloliters per minute kiloliters per second cubic meters per day cubic meters per hour cubic meters per minute cubic meters per second cubic yards per day cubic yards per hour cubic yards per minute cubic yards per second barrels per day barrels per hour

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Universal Conversion Factors

57.0641101 0.0951061 13,064.158138 544.349908 9.0722588 0.151207 46,135.563668 1,922.315153 32.0385859 0.533972 130,642 5,443.499084 90.722588 1.512067 345,117 14,379.86814 239.664469 3.994488 287,372 11,973.828603 199.563810 3.326064 1,306,416 54,434.990844 907.225881 15.120671 1,306,416 54,434.990844 907.225881 151.206710 1,380,467 57,519.472560 958.657876 15.977711 2,760,935 115,039 1,917.315752 31.954464 11,043,739

barrels per minute barrels per second hektoliters per day hektoliters per hour hektoliters per minute hektoliters per second cubic feet per day cubic feet per hour cubic feet per minute cubic feet per second dekaliters per day dekaliters per hour dekaliters per minute dekaliters per second gallons (U.S.) per day gallons (U.S.) per hour gallons (U.S.) per minute gallons (U.S.) per second gallons (Imperial) per day gallons (Imperial) per hour gallons (Imperial) per minute gallons (Imperial) per second liters per day liters per hour liters per minute liters per second cubic decimeters per day cubic decimeters per hour cubic decimeters per minute cubic decimeters per second quarts per day quarts per hour quarts per minute quarts per second pints per day pints per hour pints per minute pints per second gills per day

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR 460,156 7,669.263008 127.820970 13,064,158 544,350 9,072.258810 1,512.067104 79,721,989 3,321,750 55,362.492339 922.708206 130,641,581 5,443,499 90,722.588095 15,120.671014 1,306,415,814 54,434,991 907,226 151,207 1,306,415,814 54,434,991 907,226 151,207 1,306,415,814 x 103 54,434,991,000 907,226,000 151,207,000 2,880,000 120,000 2,000 33.333333 37,072.450454 1,544.685436 25.744757 0.429071 35,940.467234 1,497.519468 24.958658 0.415986

gills per hour gills per minute gills per second deciliters per day deciliters per hour deciliters per minute deciliters per second cubic inches per day cubic inches per hour cubic inches per minute cubic inches per second centiliters per day centiliters per hour centiliters per minute centiliters per second milliliters per day milliliters per hour milliliters per minute milliliters per second cubic centimeters per day cubic centimeters per hour cubic centimeters per minute cubic centimeters per second cubic millimeters per day cubic millimeters per hour cubic millimeters per minute cubic millimeters per second pounds (Avoir.) per day pounds (Avoir.) per hour pounds (Avoir.) per minute pounds (Avoir.) per second bushels (U.S.-dry) per day bushels (U.S.-dry) per hour bushels (U.S.-dry) per minute bushels (U.S.-dry) per second bushels (Imperial) per day bushels (Imperial) per hour bushels (Imperial) per minute bushels (Imperial) per second

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Universal Conversion Factors

TONS (NET) OF WATER PER SECOND: = 783,849 3,266.0395345 54.434991 0.907226 783,849 3,266.0395345 54.434991 0.907226 102,520 4,271.683630 71.194727 1.186579 493,034 20,543.0796248 342.384660 5.706411 783,849 32,660.390552 544.340322 9.0722588 2,768,134 115,339 1,922.315153 32.0385859 7,838,494 326,604 5,443.398425 90.722588 20,707,010 862,792 14.379868 239.664469 17,242,313 718,430 11,973.828603 199.563810 78,384,937

kiloliters per day kiloliters per hour kiloliters per minute kiloliters per second cubic meters per day cubic meters per hour cubic meters per minute cubic meters per second cubic yards per day cubic yards per hour cubic yards per minute cubic yards per second barrels per day barrels per hour barrels per minute barrels per second hektoliters per day hektoliters per hour hektoliters per minute hektoliters per second cubic feet per day cubic feet per hour cubic feet per minute cubic feet per second dekaliters per day dekaliters per hour dekaliters per minute dekaliters per second gallons (U.S.) per day gallons (U.S.) per hour gallons (U.S.) per minute gallons (U.S.) per second gallons (Imperial) per day gallons (Imperial) per hour gallons (Imperial) per minute gallons (Imperial) per second liters per day

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D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR 3,266,039 54,433.984253 907.225881 78,384,937 3,266,039 54,433.984253 907.225881 82,828,040 3,451,168 57,519.47256 958.657876 165,656,081 6,902,337 115,039 1,917.315752 662,624,324 27,609.347 460,156 7,669.263008 783,849,373 32,660,391 544,340 9,702.258810 4,783,319,338 199,304,972 3,321,750 55,362.492339 7,838,493,732 326,603,906 5,443,398 90,722.588095 78,384,937,325 3,266,039,055 54,433,984 907,226 78,384,937,325 3,266,039,055 54,433,984 907,226

liters per hour liters per minute liters per second cubic decimeters per day cubic decimeters per hour cubic decimeters per minute cubic decimeters per second quarts per day quarts per hour quarts per minute quarts per second pints per day pints per hour pints per minute pints per second gills per day gills per hour gills per minute gills per second deciliters per day deciliters per hour deciliters per minute deciliters per second cubic inches per day cubic inches per hour cubic inches per minute cubic inches per second centiliters per day centiliters per hour centiliters per minute centiliters per second milliliters per day milliliters per hour milliliters per minute milliliters per second cubic centimeters per day cubic centimeters per hour cubic centimeters per minute cubic centimeters per second

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Universal Conversion Factors

78,384,937,325 x 103 3,266,039,055 x 103 54,433,984,000 907,226,000 172,800,000 7,200,000 120,000 2,000 2,224,347 92,681.126136 1,544.685436 25.744757 2,156,428 89,851.168086 150.605153 24.958658

cubic millimeters per day cubic millimeters per hour cubic millimeters per minute cubic millimeters per second pounds (Avoir.) per day pounds (Avoir.) per hour pounds (Avoir.) per minute pounds (Avoir.) per second bushels (U.S.-dry) per day bushels (U.S.-dry) per hour bushels (U.S.-dry) per minute bushels (U.S.-dry) per second bushels (Imperial) per day bushels (Imperial) per hour bushels (Imperial) per minute bushels (Imperial) per second

VARA (TEXAS): = 0.000456840 0.000526094 0.000846670 0.00420875 0.00846670 0.0420875 0.0846670 0.168350 0.846670 0.925926 1 2.777778 3.703704 4.208754 8.333333 8.466700 84.667003 33.333333 846.670032

miles (nautical) miles (statute) kilometers furlongs hektometers chains dekameters rods meters yards varas (Texas) feet spans links hands decimeters centimeters inches millimeters

D&D univ conv factors 10/23/01 3:28 PM Page 320

D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR 33,333.333333 846,670 846,670,032 846,670,032 1,315,011 8,466,700,319

mils microns milli-microns micro-millimeters wave lengths of red line of cium Angstrom units

WATT: = 63,725.184 2,655.22 44.2536 0.73756 764.702 31,862.5920 531.04320 8.85072 20.640096 0.860004 0.0143334 0.00023889 45.503616 1.895984 0.0315997 0.000526662 728.0578547 30.335744 0.505596 0.00842659 20,640.096 860.004 14.3334 0.23889 81.930528 3.413772 0.056896 0.00094827 0.001

foot pounds per day foot pounds per hour foot pounds per minute foot pounds per second inch pounds per day inch pounds per hour inch pounds per minute inch pounds per second kilogram calories (mean) per day kilogram calories (mean) per hour kilogram calories (mean) per minute kilogram calories (mean) per second pound calories (mean) per day pound calories (mean) per hour pound calories (mean) per minute pound calories (mean) per second ounce calories (mean) per day ounce calories (mean) per hour ounce calories (mean) per minute ounce calories (mean) per second gram calories (mean) per day gram calories (mean) per hour gram calories (mean) per minute gram calories (mean) per second BTU (mean) per day BTU (mean) per hour BTU (mean) per minute BTU (mean) per second kilowatts

D&D univ conv factors 10/23/01 3:28 PM Page 321

Universal Conversion Factors

1 watts 3,600 joules 0.001341 horsepowers 0.0013597 horsepowers (metric) 0.0013597 Cheval-Vapeurs hours 0.000234 pounds of carbon oxidized with 100% efficiency 0.00352 pounds of water evaporated from and at 212° F. 0.852647 kiloliter-atmospheres per day 0.0355270 kiloliter-atmospheres per hour 0.000592116 kiloliter-atmospheres per minute 0.0000098686 kiloliter-atmospheres per second 852.647 liter-atmospheres per day 35.52695 liter-atmospheres per hour 0.592116 liter-atmospheres per minute 0.0098686 liter-atmospheres per second 8,808 kilogram meters per day 367.1 kilogram meters per hour 6.116667 kilograms meter per minute 0.101944 kilograms meter per second

WATT HOUR: = 2,655.22 31,982.64 0.860004 1.895984 30.385744 860.004 3.413772 0.001 3,600 0.001341 0.0013597 0.0355270 35.53695 367.1

foot pounds inch pounds kilogram calories (mean) pound calories (mean) ounce calories (mean) gram calories (mean) BTU (mean) kilowatt hours joules horsepower hours horsepower hours (metric) kiloliter-atmospheres liter-atmospheres kilogram meters

D&D univ conv factors 10/23/01 3:28 PM Page 322

D &D S TANDARD O IL AND G AS A BBREVIATOR WATT PER SQUARE INCH: = 8.1913 6,372.6 0.19310

BTU per square foot per minute foot pounds per square foot per minute horsepowers per square foot

YARD: = 0.000493387 0.000568182 0.000914404 0.00454545 0.00914404 0.0454545 0.0914404 0.181818 0.914404 1 1.08 3 4 4.54545 9 9.144036 91.440360 36 914.40360 36,000 914,404 914,403,600 914,403,600 1,420,212 9,144,036,345

miles (nautical) miles (statute) kilometers furlongs hektometers chains dekameters rods meters yards varas (Texas) feet spans links hands decimeters centimeters inches millimeters mils microns milli-microns micro-millimeters wave lengths of red line of cium Angstrom units

GEOLOGIC TIME

ary

tern

lva nia n Pe nn sy

FORMATION

Middle

Oxfordian

Ionia Fm

Ionia Fm

Late

Conemaugh

Grand River Fm

Grand River Fm

Early

Pottsville

Saginaw Fm

Saginaw Fm

?

?

?

?

Parma Ss Late

Meramecian

Osagian Early

?

GROUP Glacial Drift

Glacial Drift

?

Mississippian

MEMBER

Wisconsinan

isto

Ple

Mesozoic Jurassic

e

cen

FORMATION

GROUP

?

?

Michigan Dept. of Environmental Quality Geological Survey Division Harold Fitch, State Geologist and Michigan Basin Geological Society

Parma Ss

?

?

?

?

Bayport Ls

Michigan Fm

Michigan Fm

Marshall Ss

Marshall Ss

Coldwater Sh

Coldwater Sh

Sunbury Sh

Sunbury Sh

Kinderhookian Berea Ss Bedford Sh

Chautauquan Late

Ellsworth Sh (western) Upper Mbr

Upper Mbr

Lachine Mbr

Lachine Mbr

Paxton Mbr

Paxton Mbr

Norwood Mbr

Norwood Mbr

Berea Ss Bedford Sh

19 3 6

Stratigraphic Nomenclature Project Committee: Dr. Paul A. Catacosinos, Co-chairman Mr. Mark S. Wollensak, Co-chairman

Antrim Sh

Antrim Sh

Principal Authors: Dr. Paul A. Catacosinos Dr. William B. Harrison III Mr. Robert F. Reynolds Dr. David B.Westjohn Mr. Mark S. Wollensak

Senecan Squaw Bay Ls

Squaw Bay Ls Partridge Point Mbr Thunder Bay Ls

SOCIETY

Ellsworth Sh (western)

GEO IC AS

AL

Bayport Ls

STRATIGRAPHIC NOMENCLATURE FOR MICHIGAN

HIGAN MIC B

Qua

NORTH AMERICAN STAGES

SUBSURFACE NOMENCLATURE

(eastern)

ozoic

Cen

PERIOD EPOCH

DOMINANT LITHOLOGY

(eastern)

ERA

OUTCROP NOMENCLATURE

Potter Farm Mbr Norway Point Mbr

2000

Four Mile Dam Mbr

Alpena Ls Devonian

Erian

Newton Creek Mbr

Traverse Gr

Traverse Ls

Traverse Gr

Killians Mbr

Acknowledgements This work is the product of the combined efforts of the geological communities of Michigan and the surrounding states and provinces. Below are given just a representative few of the contributors:

Long Lake Ls Genshaw Mbr Ferron Point Fm Middle

Academia: Dr. Aureal T. Cross, Michigan State University; Dr. Robert H. Dott, Jr., University of Wisconsin; Mr. William D. Everham, Ph.D. Candidate, Michigan Technological University.

Rockport Quarry Ls Bell Sh

Bell Sh

Government: Dr. Terry R. Carter, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources; Mr. John M. Esch, Michigan Department of Environmental Quality; Dr. Brian D. Keith, Indiana Geological Survey; Mr. Lawrence H Wickstrom, Ohio Geological Survey.

Rogers City Ls Dundee Ls Dundee Ls

Industry: Mr. Donald J. Bailey, Consultant; Mr. Jimmy R. Myles, Scot Energy; Mr. Dan E. Pfeiffer, Pfeiffer Exploration Services.

Anderdon Ls Lucas Fm Lucas Fm Detroit River Gr

Detroit River Gr Amherstburg Fm

Sylvania Ss Bois Blanc Fm

Early

Garden Island Fm Rasin River Dol Bass Islands Gr

Mackinac Breccia

Mackinac Breccia

Amherstburg Fm Ulsterian

Sylvania Ss

RELATED TERM CORRELATION

Bois Blanc Fm Garden Island Fm

undifferentiated

Put-in-Bay Dol

A complete listing of all contributors will be found in the Stratigraphic Lexicon for Michigan, of which this column is an integral part.

Bass Islands Gr

STRATIGRAPHIC POSITION

RELATED

Ionia Fm

Jurassic Red Beds

Michigan Fm

Clare Dolomite, Brown Lime, Stray Dolomite, Stray Sandstone, Stray-Stray Sandstone, Stray-Stray-Stray Sandstone, Triple Gyp

Paleozoic

St. Ignace Dol Salina G Unit Salina F Unit

Coldwater Sh

Coldwater Red Rock, Speckled Dolomite, Wier Sand

Antrim Sh

Charlton Black Shale Member, Elltrim, Chester Black Shale Member, Upper Black Shale, Light Antrim, Lower Black, Lower Antrim Middle Antrim, Middle Gray Antrim, Dark Antrim, Middle Gray Shale, Unit 1A, Unit 1B, Unit 1C, Crappo Creek Grey Shale Member

Dundee Ls

Reed City Member/Dolomite/Anhydrite

Lucas Fm

Freer Sandstone, Horner Member, Iutzi Member, Massive Salt/Anhydrite, Sour Zone, Big Anhydrite, Richfield Zone/Member/Sandstone, Big Salt

Amherstburg Fm

Filer Sandstone, Meldrum Member, Black Lime

St. Ignace Dolomite

Salina H Unit

Salina B Unit

Big Salt, B Salt

Ruff Formation

Salina A-1 Carbonate, Rabbit Ears Anhydrite,

Cain Fm

Salina A-0 Carbonate

Guelph Dolomite

Brown Niagara, Niagaran Reef, Pinnacle Reef, Engadine Dolomite

Lockport Dolomite

Gray Niagara, White Niagara

Burnt Bluff Gr

Clinton Formation

Trenton Fm

Cap Dolomite

Black River Fm

Van Wert Zone, Sneaky Peak, Black River Shale

Glenwood Fm

Goodwell Unit, Zone of Unconformity

St. Peter Sandstone

Bruggers Sandstone, Jordan Sandstone, Knox Sandstone, Massive Sand

Prairie du Chien Gr

Foster Formation, New Richmond Sandstone, Lower Knox Carbonate, St. Lawrence Formation, T-PDC, Oneota Dolomite, Brazos Shale

Trempealeau Fm

Lodi Formation

Galesville Ss

Dresbach Sandstone

Pre-Mt. Simon Clastics

Precambrian "Red Beds"

Salina E Unit Late

Salina D Unit

Cayugan Salina Gr

Salina C Unit Pte. aux Chenes Fm

Salina B Unit

Salina Gr

Salina A-2 Carb Salina A-2 Evap

Silurian

Ruff Fm Salina A-1 Evap Cain Fm Bush Bay Fm Guelph Dol Engadine Gr

Rapson Creek Fm

Niagara Gr

Rockview Fm

Lockport Dol

Cordell Fm Manistique Gr Middle

Niagaran

undifferentiated

Schoolcraft Fm

Manistique Gr

Fiborn Ls Mbr Hendricks Fm undifferentiated

Burnt Bluff Gr

Burnt Bluff Gr

Byron Fm Lime Island Fm Early

Late

Alexandrian

Cincinnatian

Cabot Head Sh

Cabot Head Sh

Manitoulin Dol

Manitoulin Dol

Big Hill Fm

Queenston Sh

Cataract Gr

Cataract Gr

Richmond Gr

Ogontz Mbr

Richmond Gr

Stonington Fm

Utica Sh

Bay de Noc Mbr Bill's Creek Sh

Collingwood Sh

Collingwood Sh Ordovician

Groos Quarry Mbr Mohawkian

Trenton Fm

Trenton Fm Chandler Falls Mbr

Middle

BACK

Black River Fm

Black River Fm

Glenwood Fm Chazyan



St.Peter Ss

LEGEND

Whiterockian Foster Fm Early

Au Train Fm

Canadian



Trempealeaun Cambrian

Prairie du Chien Gr

Franconian

undifferentiated

Sandstone

Limestone

Trempealeau Fm

Limey

Shaley

Franconia Fm

Shaley

Sandy

Dolomitic

Dolomite

Conglomeritic

Sandy

Siltstone

Shaley

Shale

Glacial Drift

Sandy

Anhydrite/Gypsum

Limey

Reefs/Bioherms

Dolomitic

Basement Rocks

Salt

Coal Bed

Miner's Castle Mbr

Late

Galesville Ss

Munising Gr

Munising Fm

Dresbachian

Chapel Rock Mbr

Eau Claire Fm

Basal Cgl

Mount Simon Ss

Jacobsville Ss Precambrian

?

Pre-Mt. Simon Clastics

Freda Ss Middle Proterozoic Eon Oronto Gr

Nonesuch Sh Copper Harbor Cgl

Archean to Middle Proterozoic Eons

Precambrian Crystalline Basement Complex

?

Precambrian Crystalline Basement Complex