Oa Ppt 5g2k1i

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A.K.A Degenerative t Disease is affecting especially the weight bearing ts, and characterized by degenerative changes in articular cartilage and bony over growth at the t margins. Because the process is primarily degenerative with little inflammatory component, the term is retained here because of common usage. 3rd Slide

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it is the most often occurs at the ends of the fingers, thumbs, neck, lower back, knees, and hips. Osteoarthritis can affect any t in the body, though it most commonly affects ts in hands, hips, knees and spine. it is the most common form of arthritis and the most common t disease affecting more than 30 million individuals in the United States alone. It is the most common form of arthritis. It is the leading cause of chronic disability in older adults. Most of the people who have OA are older than age 45, and women are more commonly affected than men. It is the leading cause of chronic disablity in older adults, costing the US greater than $185 billion annually. 4th slide  Ideopatic cause (the etiology is still unknown)  Hereditary gene defect (A defect in one of the genes responsible for the cartilage component collagen can cause deterioration of cartilage.)  Age (Age is the strongest risk factor for OA. Although OA can start in young adulthood, if you are over 45 years old, you are at higher risk.)  Gender (OA is very common in women)  Obesity (increases the mechanical stress in a weight-bearing t)  Metabolic disease (Diabetes mellitus, Paget’s disease and blood disorders)  Lack of exercise  Heavy manual occupation (Construction and farming) 5th slides  Acute pain (causing loss of ability and stiffness)

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Pain is generally described as a sharp ache or a brning sensation in the associated muscles and tendons. Occasionally, the ts may also be filled with fluid. Humid and cold weather increases the pain in many pts. Crackling noise or “crepitus” When the affected t is moved or touched. Muscle spasm and contractions in the tendons Inflammation in the site (edema, redness, heat, loss of function and pain) Affected ts appear larger, are stiff and painful and usually feel worse The more they are used throughout the day, thus distinguishing it from rheumatoid arthritis Heberden’s nodes (on the distal interphalengeal ts) may form in osteoarthritis “water on the knee” OA is the most common cause of t effusion and sometimes called ”water on the knee” in lay , an accumulations of excess fluid in or around the knee t

6th slides  Formation of bone cyst  Secondary synovitis (Synovial inflammation)  Genu varum (the presence of bowed legs- knees are apart and ankles are together while standing) 10th slide Nursing Diagnosis:   

Chronic pain related to muscle spasm, t inflammation Impaired physical obilit related to pain, muscle atrophy Nutritional imbalance: more than body requirement related to decreased activity and mobility

Nursing Diagnosis:  Activity inlolerance related to fatigue and pain  Self care defecit related to oain, fatigue, and immobility  Disturb body image ralated to the effects of loss of body functions  Impaired walking related to pain in ts

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X-rays images of affected t may reveal a narrowing space with t, which indicates that the cartilage is breaking down. It is also show bone spurs around a t. Blood test may help rule out other causes of t pain, such as rheumatoid arthritis. t fluid analysis the doctor may usea long needle to draw fluid out of the affected t. Examining and testing the fluid around your t can determine if pain is caused by gout or an infection. Arthroscopy to see inside our t in order to determine the cause of pain

12th slide  Acetaminophen (Tylenol, others) – can relieve pain but doesn’t reduce inflammation.  NSAIDs – can reieve pain and reduce inflammation.  Tramadol – has no inflammatory effect but can provide effective pain relief with few side effects such as stomach ulcers and bleeding – than those NSAIDs. 13th slide  t replacement- the surgeon removes damage t surfaces and replaces them with plastic and metal device called prostheses.  Cleaning up the are around the t or Debridement – surgeon removes loose pieces of cartilage and bone from around your t to relieve pain.  Realigning bones – it s a surgery to realign bones may relieve pain.  Fusing bones – surgeon also cann permanently fuse bones in a t (arthrodes) to increase stability and reduce pain.  Arthroplasty – relieve pain without producing stiffness. 14th slide  Rest – rest for 12-24 hours. Find activities that don’t require to use t repetitively. Try taking a 10mins break every hour.  Exercise – stick to gentle exercise such as walking, biking, or swimming. Exercise can increase endurance and strengthen the muscles around t.  Lose weight – being obese or overweight increases the stress on weight-bearing ts, such as our knees and hips. Even small amount of weight loss can relieve some pressure and reduce pain.

 Use heat and cold to manage pain – both heat and cold can relieve pain in t. Heat also relieves stiffness and cold can relieve muscle spasms.