New First Year Electrical Lab Manual 312a71
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MEASURMENT OF VOLTAGE, CURRENT, POWER AND POWER FACTOR USING RLC LOAD
Date:
Expt No:
Aim: To measure power in a single phase AC circuit using wattmeter by RLC loading.
APPARTUS REQUIRED: SL.No
Name of the Apparatus
Range / Type
Quantity
1
Voltmeter
(0-300V) MI
1 No.
2
Ammeter
(0-10A) MI
1 No.
3
Wattmeter
300V,10A,LPF
1 No.
4
RLC Load
5kW
1 No.
5
Connecting Wires
1/18 SWG
As per requirement
THEORY: Power in an electric circuit can be measured using a wattmeter. A wattmeter consists of two coils, namely current coil and pressure coil or potential coil. The current coil is marked as ML and pressure coil is marked as CV. The current coil measure the quantity that is proportional to the current in the circuit the pressure coil measures quantity that is proportional to the voltage in the circuit. The given wattmeter is loaded by direct loading. The ammeter is connected in series to the wattmeter. Since the same current flows in both the coils, the current and voltage across the circuit are constant. The power consumed by the load is measured using the wattmeter and calculated using the relation given below. PREPARED BY V.BALAJI, AP/EEE, DCE
Page 1
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM: Fuse
∼ A
P
1 φ 230V AC Supply 50Hz
N
(300V, 10A, LPF)
(0-10)A, MI
M
L
C
D P S T S
∼ V
NL
V
(0-300)V, MI
Autotransformer 230V/(0-270)V
PREPARED BY V.BALAJI, AP/EEE, DCE
Page 2
R L C L O A D
FORMULAE: Actual power Where W
=
W x Multiplication factor
–
Apparent power =
Observed wattmeter reading VI watts
Where V
–
Voltmeter reading
I
–
Ammeter reading
Power Factor, cosφ
=
Actual Power / Apparent Power
PROCEDURE: 1. Connect the circuit as shown in the circuit diagram. 2. Initially no load is applied. 3. Autotransformer is set to minimum voltage position before switching on the power supply. 4. Set the rated voltage by using the autotransformer. Measure and record the values of voltmeter, ammeter and wattmeter on no load condition. Also carefully note the multiplication factor of the wattmeter that is mentioned in the wattmeter itself. 5. Apply the load by adjusting RLC load. 6. Measure and record the values of voltmeter, ammeter and wattmeter. 7. Repeat the steps 5 and 6 until the ammeter reading reaches 10A. 8. After taking all the readings, reduce the load slowly to the minimum and bring the voltage to minimum in the autotransformer. Switch off the power supply. 9. Calculated the Indicated power by the given formula. 10. Calculate the power factor by the given formula.
PREPARED BY V.BALAJI, AP/EEE, DCE
Page 3
OBSERVATION TABLE: Multiplication Factor=
Wattmeter Reading Sl.No
Voltage
Current
V (V)
I (A)
(watts) Observed
Actual Power
Power Factor
(watts)
cosφ φ
Actual
MODEL CALCULATION:
Result A single – phase wattmeter is used to measure power in AC circuit using RLC loading.
PREPARED BY V.BALAJI, AP/EEE, DCE
Page 4
HOUSE WIRING Expt.No:
Date:
Aim: To Construct House wiring using Energy Meter METERIALS REQUIRED:
Sl.No
Name of the apparatus
1
Switch
2
Range / Type
Quantity
SPST, 5A
3 Nos.
Incandescent Lamp
100W
1 No.
3
Lamp Holder
Batten
1No.
4
Ceiling rose
-
1No.
5
Socket
10A
1No.
6
Screws
1inch
As per required
7
Wires
1/18SWG
As per required
8
Switch Board
12″″″x 8″″″
1No.
9
Energy Meter
1 φ 300V , 16A 750 rev 50Hz
1No.
10
Main switch Box
1 φ 300V , 16A
1No.
PREPARED BY V.BALAJI, AP/EEE, DCE
Page 5
TOOLS REQUIRED: Sl.No 1 2
3 4
Name of the tools
Quantity
Combination Pliers
1 No.
Connector screw driver
1 No.
Screw driver
1 No.
Electrician knife
1 No.
THEORY: Conductors, switches and other accessories should be of proper capable of carrying the maximum current which will flow through them. The following table shows the rating for different accessories. Conductors should be of copper or aluminium. In power circuit, wiring should be designed for the load which it is supposed to carry. Power sub circuits should be kept separate from lighting and fan sub – circuits. Wiring should be done on the distribution system with main and branch distribution boards at convenient centers. Wiring should neat, with good appearance. Wires should through a pipe or box, and should not twist or cross. The conductor is carried in a rigid steel conduit conforming to standards or in a porcelain tube.
PREPARED BY V.BALAJI, AP/EEE, DCE
Page 6
Lamp 100W
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
Ceiling rose
MAIN SWITCH
ENERGY METER
DPIC S1 S2
L2 L1
P
Switch Board
1 φ 230V AC Supply 50Hz
N
PREPARED BY V.BALAJI, AP/EEE, DCE
DPIC – Double Pole Iron – Clad Switch
Page 7
PROCEDURE: 1. Study the given wiring diagram 2. Make the location points for energy meter, main witch box, switchboard, lamp and ceiling rose. 3. Draw the lines for wiring on the wooden board. 4. Place the wires along with the line and fix. 5. Fix the bulb holder, Switches, Ceiling rose, Socket in marked positions on the wooden board. 6. Connect the energy meter and main switch box in marked positions on the wooden board. 7. Give a supply to the wires circuit. 8. Test the working of light and socket.
Result: Thus the wiring for the bulb and ceiling rose was prepared and tested. PREPARED BY V.BALAJI, AP/EEE, DCE
Page 8
STAIRCASE WIRING Expt.No:
Date:
Aim: To control the status of the given lamp by using two – way switches
METERIALS REQUIRED:
Sl.No
Name of the apparatus
1
Incandescent Lamp
2
Range / Type
Quantity
100W
1 No
Lamp Holder
Pendent Type
1 No
3
SPDT Switch
230V,5A
1 No
4
Wires
1/18”
5
P.V.C Pipe
1/4"
6
Wooden Board
-
1 No
7
Round block
-
1 No
As per requirement As per requirement
TOOLS REQUIRED: Sl.No
Name of the tools
Quantity
1
Combination Plier
1 No
2
Connector screw drivers
1 No
3
Screw driver
1 No
4
Electrician knife
1 No
PREPARED BY V.BALAJI, AP/EEE, DCE
Page 9
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
Lamp 60W, 230V
N 230V, 50Hz AC Supply
P
1
1’
2
2’
3
3’
SPDT - 1
PREPARED BY V.BALAJI, AP/EEE, DCE
SPDT - 2
Page 10
PROCEDURE: 1. Place the accessories on the wiring board as per the circuit diagram. 2. Place the P.V.C pipe and insert two wires into the P.V.C pipe. 3. Take one wire connect one end to the phase side and other end to the middle point of SPDT switch 1 4. Upper point of SPDT switch 1 is connected to the lower point of SPDT switch2. 5. Lower point of SPDT 1 is connected to the upper point SPDT switch2. 6. Another wire taken through a P.V.C pipe and middle point of SPDT switch 2 is connected to one end of the lamp holder. 7. Another end of lamp holder is connected to neutral line. 8. Screw the accessories on the board and switch on the supply. 9. Circuit is tested for all possible combination of switch position.
PRECAUTIONS: While giving the connections be careful Handle the lame safely Be careful while handling the tools.
PREPARED BY V.BALAJI, AP/EEE, DCE
Page 11
SWITCH Sl.No
SPDT1
SPDT2
Result
1
12
1’2’
OFF / ON
2
12
2’3’
OFF / ON
3
23
1’2’
OFF / ON
4
23
2’3’
OFF / ON
POSITION TABLE:
PREPARED BY V.BALAJI, AP/EEE, DCE
Page 12
Result:
PREPARED BY V.BALAJI, AP/EEE, DCE
Page 13
FLUORESCENT LAMP WIRING
Expt..No:
Date:
Aim: To make and check the fluorescent lamp wiring
METERIALS REQUIRED:
S.No
Name of the apparatus
Range / Type
Quantity
fluorescent lamp fixture
4 ft
2
fluorescent lamp
40W
1 No
3
Choke
40W, 230V,
1 No
4
Starter
5
wires
1
1 No
1 No 1/18”
As per requirement
TOOLS REQUIRED:
Sl.No
Name of the tools
Quantity
1
Combination Plier
1 No
2
Connector screw drivers
1 No
3
Screw driver
1 No
4
Electrician knife
1 No
PREPARED BY V.BALAJI, AP/EEE, DCE
Page 14
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
Starte r
Filament
40W Fluorescent lamp
Filament
Choke 40W, 230V
S
N P 1φ, 230 V , 50Hz AC
Supply
PREPARED BY V.BALAJI, AP/EEE, DCE
Page 15
THEORY: Tube light has filament on either side. They are coated with tungsten material. The inside of the tube has phosphorous coating which is used to convert ultraviolet into visible light and to give the required color sensation. A choke is used to give transient high voltage so as to initiate the electron movement which is an iron starter capacitor is used to suppress radiointerference with the switch closed. The current flows through the choke and the starter. The glow switch suddenly breaks thereby creating the circuit. Due to high conductivity, inductive property of the choke, a transient high voltage is available across the filament. Hence the electrons are emitted and travel through the tube. Then tube light is produced.
PROCEDURE: 1. Give the connections as per the circuit diagram as shown in figure. 2. Fix the tube holder and the choke in the tube. 3. The phase wire is connected to the choke and neutral directly to the tube 4. Connect the starter in series with the tube.
PRECAUTIONS:
While giving the connection be careful.
Handle the lamp safely.
Be careful while handling the tools.
All the connections should be right and tight.
Result:
PREPARED BY V.BALAJI, AP/EEE, DCE
Page 16
MEASURMENT OF ENERGY USING ENERGYMETER Date:
Expt No:
Aim: To measure the energy in a single in a phase phase circuit using direct loading
APPARTUS REQUIRED: SL.No
Name of the Apparatus
Range / Type
Quantity
1
Single phase Energy meter
750 rev / kWh, 240V, 50Hz
1No.
2
Wattmeter
300V, 10A, UPF
1No.
3
Voltmeter
300V, MI
1No.
4
Ammeter
10A, MI
1No.
5
Load
Resistive, 5kW
1No.
6
Wires
1 / 18 SWG
As per requirement
THEORY: The energy meter is an integrated type of instrument, where speed of rotation of the aluminum to the power consumed and number of revolutions per minute is proportional to the energy consumed by the load. The ratings associated with the energy meter are. Voltage rating Current rating Frequency rating Meter Constant
PREPARED BY V.BALAJI, AP/EEE, DCE
Page 17
The driving system of the meter provides the rotational surface of the torque for the moving system, which in turn activates the energy meter. The energy meter is operated at induction principle in which eddy current.
PREPARED BY V.BALAJI, AP/EEE, DCE
Page 18
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
Fuse
(0-10A)
P 1φ 230V Ac Supply 50Hz
N
∼
L1
M C
D P S T S NL
A MI S1
(0-300V)
S2
V
L2
∼MI
Resistive load 5 KW
V
1φ Autotransformer (0-270V)
PREPARED BY V.BALAJI, AP/EEE, DCE
L
Page 19
Indicated in the aluminum disc interacts with the main field and creates the driving force.
FORMULAE: Energy meter specification
=
750 rev / kWh
True energy
=
Power (P) x time (s)
=
P x t (ws)
=
P x t / 3600 x 1000 kWh
=
n / 750 kWh
Measured energy
Where n - number of revolutions / sec ` PROCEDURE: 1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram. 2. Supply is given to the switch by closing the DFST switch. 3. By adjusting the voltage is brought to the rated voltage. 4. Load is switched On 5. Time taken for five revolutions in the energy meter is noted and the corresponding ammeter and voltmeter reading are noted. 6. The above procedure is repeated for different load current and for fixed number of revolutions. 7. Then the load is gradually released and supply is switched OFF.
PREPARED BY V.BALAJI, AP/EEE, DCE
Page 20
OBSERVATION TABLE: M.F ---------------Supply Sl. No
Voltage V
Load Current I (A)
Wattmeter Reading P (W)
Time t (sec)
True Energy
Measured
pxt
energy
1000 x 3600
n / 750 (kWh)
(kWh)
MODEL CALCULATIONS:
PREPARED BY V.BALAJI, AP/EEE, DCE
Page 21
Result: Thus the energy in a single phase was measured using energy meter.
PREPARED BY V.BALAJI, AP/EEE, DCE
Page 22
Date:
Expt No:
Aim: To measure power in a single phase AC circuit using wattmeter by RLC loading.
APPARTUS REQUIRED: SL.No
Name of the Apparatus
Range / Type
Quantity
1
Voltmeter
(0-300V) MI
1 No.
2
Ammeter
(0-10A) MI
1 No.
3
Wattmeter
300V,10A,LPF
1 No.
4
RLC Load
5kW
1 No.
5
Connecting Wires
1/18 SWG
As per requirement
THEORY: Power in an electric circuit can be measured using a wattmeter. A wattmeter consists of two coils, namely current coil and pressure coil or potential coil. The current coil is marked as ML and pressure coil is marked as CV. The current coil measure the quantity that is proportional to the current in the circuit the pressure coil measures quantity that is proportional to the voltage in the circuit. The given wattmeter is loaded by direct loading. The ammeter is connected in series to the wattmeter. Since the same current flows in both the coils, the current and voltage across the circuit are constant. The power consumed by the load is measured using the wattmeter and calculated using the relation given below. PREPARED BY V.BALAJI, AP/EEE, DCE
Page 1
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM: Fuse
∼ A
P
1 φ 230V AC Supply 50Hz
N
(300V, 10A, LPF)
(0-10)A, MI
M
L
C
D P S T S
∼ V
NL
V
(0-300)V, MI
Autotransformer 230V/(0-270)V
PREPARED BY V.BALAJI, AP/EEE, DCE
Page 2
R L C L O A D
FORMULAE: Actual power Where W
=
W x Multiplication factor
–
Apparent power =
Observed wattmeter reading VI watts
Where V
–
Voltmeter reading
I
–
Ammeter reading
Power Factor, cosφ
=
Actual Power / Apparent Power
PROCEDURE: 1. Connect the circuit as shown in the circuit diagram. 2. Initially no load is applied. 3. Autotransformer is set to minimum voltage position before switching on the power supply. 4. Set the rated voltage by using the autotransformer. Measure and record the values of voltmeter, ammeter and wattmeter on no load condition. Also carefully note the multiplication factor of the wattmeter that is mentioned in the wattmeter itself. 5. Apply the load by adjusting RLC load. 6. Measure and record the values of voltmeter, ammeter and wattmeter. 7. Repeat the steps 5 and 6 until the ammeter reading reaches 10A. 8. After taking all the readings, reduce the load slowly to the minimum and bring the voltage to minimum in the autotransformer. Switch off the power supply. 9. Calculated the Indicated power by the given formula. 10. Calculate the power factor by the given formula.
PREPARED BY V.BALAJI, AP/EEE, DCE
Page 3
OBSERVATION TABLE: Multiplication Factor=
Wattmeter Reading Sl.No
Voltage
Current
V (V)
I (A)
(watts) Observed
Actual Power
Power Factor
(watts)
cosφ φ
Actual
MODEL CALCULATION:
Result A single – phase wattmeter is used to measure power in AC circuit using RLC loading.
PREPARED BY V.BALAJI, AP/EEE, DCE
Page 4
HOUSE WIRING Expt.No:
Date:
Aim: To Construct House wiring using Energy Meter METERIALS REQUIRED:
Sl.No
Name of the apparatus
1
Switch
2
Range / Type
Quantity
SPST, 5A
3 Nos.
Incandescent Lamp
100W
1 No.
3
Lamp Holder
Batten
1No.
4
Ceiling rose
-
1No.
5
Socket
10A
1No.
6
Screws
1inch
As per required
7
Wires
1/18SWG
As per required
8
Switch Board
12″″″x 8″″″
1No.
9
Energy Meter
1 φ 300V , 16A 750 rev 50Hz
1No.
10
Main switch Box
1 φ 300V , 16A
1No.
PREPARED BY V.BALAJI, AP/EEE, DCE
Page 5
TOOLS REQUIRED: Sl.No 1 2
3 4
Name of the tools
Quantity
Combination Pliers
1 No.
Connector screw driver
1 No.
Screw driver
1 No.
Electrician knife
1 No.
THEORY: Conductors, switches and other accessories should be of proper capable of carrying the maximum current which will flow through them. The following table shows the rating for different accessories. Conductors should be of copper or aluminium. In power circuit, wiring should be designed for the load which it is supposed to carry. Power sub circuits should be kept separate from lighting and fan sub – circuits. Wiring should be done on the distribution system with main and branch distribution boards at convenient centers. Wiring should neat, with good appearance. Wires should through a pipe or box, and should not twist or cross. The conductor is carried in a rigid steel conduit conforming to standards or in a porcelain tube.
PREPARED BY V.BALAJI, AP/EEE, DCE
Page 6
Lamp 100W
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
Ceiling rose
MAIN SWITCH
ENERGY METER
DPIC S1 S2
L2 L1
P
Switch Board
1 φ 230V AC Supply 50Hz
N
PREPARED BY V.BALAJI, AP/EEE, DCE
DPIC – Double Pole Iron – Clad Switch
Page 7
PROCEDURE: 1. Study the given wiring diagram 2. Make the location points for energy meter, main witch box, switchboard, lamp and ceiling rose. 3. Draw the lines for wiring on the wooden board. 4. Place the wires along with the line and fix. 5. Fix the bulb holder, Switches, Ceiling rose, Socket in marked positions on the wooden board. 6. Connect the energy meter and main switch box in marked positions on the wooden board. 7. Give a supply to the wires circuit. 8. Test the working of light and socket.
Result: Thus the wiring for the bulb and ceiling rose was prepared and tested. PREPARED BY V.BALAJI, AP/EEE, DCE
Page 8
STAIRCASE WIRING Expt.No:
Date:
Aim: To control the status of the given lamp by using two – way switches
METERIALS REQUIRED:
Sl.No
Name of the apparatus
1
Incandescent Lamp
2
Range / Type
Quantity
100W
1 No
Lamp Holder
Pendent Type
1 No
3
SPDT Switch
230V,5A
1 No
4
Wires
1/18”
5
P.V.C Pipe
1/4"
6
Wooden Board
-
1 No
7
Round block
-
1 No
As per requirement As per requirement
TOOLS REQUIRED: Sl.No
Name of the tools
Quantity
1
Combination Plier
1 No
2
Connector screw drivers
1 No
3
Screw driver
1 No
4
Electrician knife
1 No
PREPARED BY V.BALAJI, AP/EEE, DCE
Page 9
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
Lamp 60W, 230V
N 230V, 50Hz AC Supply
P
1
1’
2
2’
3
3’
SPDT - 1
PREPARED BY V.BALAJI, AP/EEE, DCE
SPDT - 2
Page 10
PROCEDURE: 1. Place the accessories on the wiring board as per the circuit diagram. 2. Place the P.V.C pipe and insert two wires into the P.V.C pipe. 3. Take one wire connect one end to the phase side and other end to the middle point of SPDT switch 1 4. Upper point of SPDT switch 1 is connected to the lower point of SPDT switch2. 5. Lower point of SPDT 1 is connected to the upper point SPDT switch2. 6. Another wire taken through a P.V.C pipe and middle point of SPDT switch 2 is connected to one end of the lamp holder. 7. Another end of lamp holder is connected to neutral line. 8. Screw the accessories on the board and switch on the supply. 9. Circuit is tested for all possible combination of switch position.
PRECAUTIONS: While giving the connections be careful Handle the lame safely Be careful while handling the tools.
PREPARED BY V.BALAJI, AP/EEE, DCE
Page 11
SWITCH Sl.No
SPDT1
SPDT2
Result
1
12
1’2’
OFF / ON
2
12
2’3’
OFF / ON
3
23
1’2’
OFF / ON
4
23
2’3’
OFF / ON
POSITION TABLE:
PREPARED BY V.BALAJI, AP/EEE, DCE
Page 12
Result:
PREPARED BY V.BALAJI, AP/EEE, DCE
Page 13
FLUORESCENT LAMP WIRING
Expt..No:
Date:
Aim: To make and check the fluorescent lamp wiring
METERIALS REQUIRED:
S.No
Name of the apparatus
Range / Type
Quantity
fluorescent lamp fixture
4 ft
2
fluorescent lamp
40W
1 No
3
Choke
40W, 230V,
1 No
4
Starter
5
wires
1
1 No
1 No 1/18”
As per requirement
TOOLS REQUIRED:
Sl.No
Name of the tools
Quantity
1
Combination Plier
1 No
2
Connector screw drivers
1 No
3
Screw driver
1 No
4
Electrician knife
1 No
PREPARED BY V.BALAJI, AP/EEE, DCE
Page 14
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
Starte r
Filament
40W Fluorescent lamp
Filament
Choke 40W, 230V
S
N P 1φ, 230 V , 50Hz AC
Supply
PREPARED BY V.BALAJI, AP/EEE, DCE
Page 15
THEORY: Tube light has filament on either side. They are coated with tungsten material. The inside of the tube has phosphorous coating which is used to convert ultraviolet into visible light and to give the required color sensation. A choke is used to give transient high voltage so as to initiate the electron movement which is an iron starter capacitor is used to suppress radiointerference with the switch closed. The current flows through the choke and the starter. The glow switch suddenly breaks thereby creating the circuit. Due to high conductivity, inductive property of the choke, a transient high voltage is available across the filament. Hence the electrons are emitted and travel through the tube. Then tube light is produced.
PROCEDURE: 1. Give the connections as per the circuit diagram as shown in figure. 2. Fix the tube holder and the choke in the tube. 3. The phase wire is connected to the choke and neutral directly to the tube 4. Connect the starter in series with the tube.
PRECAUTIONS:
While giving the connection be careful.
Handle the lamp safely.
Be careful while handling the tools.
All the connections should be right and tight.
Result:
PREPARED BY V.BALAJI, AP/EEE, DCE
Page 16
MEASURMENT OF ENERGY USING ENERGYMETER Date:
Expt No:
Aim: To measure the energy in a single in a phase phase circuit using direct loading
APPARTUS REQUIRED: SL.No
Name of the Apparatus
Range / Type
Quantity
1
Single phase Energy meter
750 rev / kWh, 240V, 50Hz
1No.
2
Wattmeter
300V, 10A, UPF
1No.
3
Voltmeter
300V, MI
1No.
4
Ammeter
10A, MI
1No.
5
Load
Resistive, 5kW
1No.
6
Wires
1 / 18 SWG
As per requirement
THEORY: The energy meter is an integrated type of instrument, where speed of rotation of the aluminum to the power consumed and number of revolutions per minute is proportional to the energy consumed by the load. The ratings associated with the energy meter are. Voltage rating Current rating Frequency rating Meter Constant
PREPARED BY V.BALAJI, AP/EEE, DCE
Page 17
The driving system of the meter provides the rotational surface of the torque for the moving system, which in turn activates the energy meter. The energy meter is operated at induction principle in which eddy current.
PREPARED BY V.BALAJI, AP/EEE, DCE
Page 18
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
Fuse
(0-10A)
P 1φ 230V Ac Supply 50Hz
N
∼
L1
M C
D P S T S NL
A MI S1
(0-300V)
S2
V
L2
∼MI
Resistive load 5 KW
V
1φ Autotransformer (0-270V)
PREPARED BY V.BALAJI, AP/EEE, DCE
L
Page 19
Indicated in the aluminum disc interacts with the main field and creates the driving force.
FORMULAE: Energy meter specification
=
750 rev / kWh
True energy
=
Power (P) x time (s)
=
P x t (ws)
=
P x t / 3600 x 1000 kWh
=
n / 750 kWh
Measured energy
Where n - number of revolutions / sec ` PROCEDURE: 1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram. 2. Supply is given to the switch by closing the DFST switch. 3. By adjusting the voltage is brought to the rated voltage. 4. Load is switched On 5. Time taken for five revolutions in the energy meter is noted and the corresponding ammeter and voltmeter reading are noted. 6. The above procedure is repeated for different load current and for fixed number of revolutions. 7. Then the load is gradually released and supply is switched OFF.
PREPARED BY V.BALAJI, AP/EEE, DCE
Page 20
OBSERVATION TABLE: M.F ---------------Supply Sl. No
Voltage V
Load Current I (A)
Wattmeter Reading P (W)
Time t (sec)
True Energy
Measured
pxt
energy
1000 x 3600
n / 750 (kWh)
(kWh)
MODEL CALCULATIONS:
PREPARED BY V.BALAJI, AP/EEE, DCE
Page 21
Result: Thus the energy in a single phase was measured using energy meter.
PREPARED BY V.BALAJI, AP/EEE, DCE
Page 22
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