Modulus Of Rigidity Of Some Common Materials 1zm41
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Modulus of Rigidity of some Common Materials Shear Modulus Material (106 psi)
(GPa)
Aluminum Alloys
3.9
27
Aluminum, 6061-T6
3.8
24
Aluminum, 2024-T4
4.0
28
Beryllium Copper
6.9
48
Brass
5.8
40
Bronze
6.5
44.8
Cium
19
Carbon Steel
11.2
77
Cast Iron
5.9
41
Chromium
115
Concrete
3.0
21
Copper
6.5
45
Glass
26.2
Glass, 96% silica
2.8
19
Inconel
11.5
79
Iron, Ductile
9.1 - 9.6
63 - 66
Shear Modulus Material (106 psi)
(GPa)
Iron, Malleable
9.3
64
Kevlar
2.8
19
Lead
1.9
13.1
Magnesium
2.4
16.5
Molybdenum
17.1
118
Monel metal
9.6
66
Nickel Silver
6.9
48
Nickel Steel
11.0
76
Nylon
0.59
4.1
Phosphor Bronze
5.9
41
Plywood
0.09
0.62
Polycarbonate
0.33
2.3
Polyethylene
0.12
Rubber
0.0003
Structural Steel
11.5
79.3
Stainless Steel
11.2
77.2
Steel, Cast
11.3
78
Shear Modulus Material (106 psi)
(GPa)
10.9
75
Steel, Cold-rolled Tin
18
Titanium, Grade 2
5.9
41
Titanium, Grade 5
5.9
41
Titanium, 10% Vanadium
6.1
42
Tungsten
161
Wood, Douglas Fir
1.9
13
Zinc
43
Z-nickel
11
76
1 GPa = 0.145x106 psi (lbf/in2) 1 x 106 psi = 6.9 GPa
Spring Materials (Round Wire) Commercially Material
Available Specification
Minimum Nominal
Density
Tensile
Chemistry
(lb/in3)
Strength (psi x 106)
Modulus of Elasticity (E) (psi x 106)
Modulus in Torsion (G) (psi x
Maximum Operating Temperature
Method of Manufacture / Primary Use
106) 12 (up to
Music Wire
ASTM A228
C 0.70 - 1.00% Mn 0.20 - 0.60%
0.100") 0.284
230 - 399
30.0
11.75 (over 0.100")
Highest quality cold 250 °F
drawn, high carbon wire. Good surface finish.
Class I: Hard Drawn MB
ASTM A227
C 0.45 - 0.85% Mn 0.60 - 1.30%
0.284
147 - 283 Class II:
Cold drawn. Average 30.0
11.5
250 °F
be readily electroplated.
171 - 324
Cold drawn and heat
Class I:
Oil Tempered
ASTM A229
MB
C 0.55 - 0.85% Mn 0.60 - 1.20%
0.284
165 - 293 Class II:
stress applications. Can
treated before 30.0
11.5
250 °F
fabrication. Slight scale on surface. General
191 - 324
purpose spring wire. Cold drawn and heat
Oil Tempered Chrome
treated before
C 0.51 - 0.59% ASTM A401
Cr 0.60 - 0.80%
0.284
235 - 300
30.0
11.5
475 °F
Si 1.20 - 1.60%
Silicon
fabrication. Used for shock loads and moderately elevated temperatures. Cold drawn and heat
Oil
C 0.48 - 0.53%
treated before
Tempered
Mn 0.70 - 0.90%
fabrication. Used for
Chrome
ASTM A231
Vanadium
Cr 0.80 - 1.10% V
0.284
190 - 300
30.0
11.5
425 °F
0.15 Min %
shock loads and moderately elevated temperatures.
Stainless Steel
ASTM A313
302/304
Stainless Steel 316
Cr 17.0 - 19.0% Ni
8.0 - 10.0%
Cold drawn general 0.286
125 - 325
28.0
10.0
550 °F
heat resistant. Cold drawn. Heat
Cr 16.0 - 18.0% ASTM A313
Ni 10.0 - 14.0% M
purpose corrosion and
0.286
110 - 245
28.0
10.0
550 °F
2.0 - 3.0%
resistant and better corrosion resistance than 302. Cold drawn and
Stainless Steel 17-7
precipitation hardened
Cr 16.0 - 18.0% AMS 5678
PH
Ni
6.5 - 7.5%
0.282
235 - 335
29.5
11.0
650 °F
Mo 0.75 - 1.5%
after fabrication. High strength and general purpose corrosion resistance.
Phosphor Bronze
Cu 94.0 ASTM B159
Cold drawn. Good
96.0% Sn
0.320
105 - 145
15.0
6.25
200 °F
4.0 - 6.0%
corrosion resistance and electrical conductivity. Cold drawn. Good
Beryllium Copper
ASTM B197
Cu
98.0%
Sn
2.0%
0.298
150 - 230
18.5
7.0
400 °F
corrosion resistance and electrical conductivity. Good physical strength. Cold drawn. Good
Monel 400
AMS 7233
Ni
66.0%
Cu
31.5%
0.319
145 - 180
26.0
9.5
450 °F
corrosion resistance at moderately elevated temperature.
Monel K 500
QQ-N-286
Ni
65.0%
Cu
29.5%
Excellent corrosion 0.306
160 - 200
26.0
9.5
550 °F
resistance at moderately elevated temperature.
Inconel 600
AMS B166
Ni
76.0%
Cr
15.8%
Fe
7.2%
Cold drawn. Good 0.304
100 - 230
31.0
11.0
700 °F
corrosion resistance at moderately elevated temperature. Cold drawn and
Inconel 718
AMS B637
Ni
52.5%
Cr
18.6%
Fe
18.5%
precipitation hardened 0.298
210 - 250
29.0
11.2
1100 °F
after fabrication. Good corrosion resistance at moderately elevated temperature.
Inconel
AMS 5698 /
X750
5699
Ni
73.0%
Cr
15.0%
Fe
6.75%
0.298
No. 1
Cold drawn and
Temper:
precipitation hardened
155 Min Spring
31.0
12.0
750 - 1100 °F
after fabrication. Good corrosion resistance at
Temper:
moderately elevated
190 - 230
temperature.
Co 39.0 41.0% Elgiloy
AMS 5833
Cold drawn and aged.
Cr 19.0 -
270 - 330
21.0%
32.0
12.0
250 °F
resistance.
Ni 15.0 - 16.0% Fe
Balance
Fe
Balance
Ni 41.0 - 43.5% NiSpan C
AMS 5225
Cr
4.9 - 5.75%
Ti
2.2 - 2.75%
Al
0.3 - 0.8%
Ni
Balance
Excellent corrosion
Precipitation 0.294
150 - 190 24.0 - 29.0 9.0 - 10.0
150 °F
hardenable. Constant modulus alloy.
Cr 14.5 Hastelloy (C276)
16.5% ASTM B574
Mo 15.0 17.0% W
3.0 - 4.5%
Fe
4.0 - 7.0%
100 - 200
30.7
11.8
700 °F
High corrosion resistance.
(GPa)
Aluminum Alloys
3.9
27
Aluminum, 6061-T6
3.8
24
Aluminum, 2024-T4
4.0
28
Beryllium Copper
6.9
48
Brass
5.8
40
Bronze
6.5
44.8
Cium
19
Carbon Steel
11.2
77
Cast Iron
5.9
41
Chromium
115
Concrete
3.0
21
Copper
6.5
45
Glass
26.2
Glass, 96% silica
2.8
19
Inconel
11.5
79
Iron, Ductile
9.1 - 9.6
63 - 66
Shear Modulus Material (106 psi)
(GPa)
Iron, Malleable
9.3
64
Kevlar
2.8
19
Lead
1.9
13.1
Magnesium
2.4
16.5
Molybdenum
17.1
118
Monel metal
9.6
66
Nickel Silver
6.9
48
Nickel Steel
11.0
76
Nylon
0.59
4.1
Phosphor Bronze
5.9
41
Plywood
0.09
0.62
Polycarbonate
0.33
2.3
Polyethylene
0.12
Rubber
0.0003
Structural Steel
11.5
79.3
Stainless Steel
11.2
77.2
Steel, Cast
11.3
78
Shear Modulus Material (106 psi)
(GPa)
10.9
75
Steel, Cold-rolled Tin
18
Titanium, Grade 2
5.9
41
Titanium, Grade 5
5.9
41
Titanium, 10% Vanadium
6.1
42
Tungsten
161
Wood, Douglas Fir
1.9
13
Zinc
43
Z-nickel
11
76
1 GPa = 0.145x106 psi (lbf/in2) 1 x 106 psi = 6.9 GPa
Spring Materials (Round Wire) Commercially Material
Available Specification
Minimum Nominal
Density
Tensile
Chemistry
(lb/in3)
Strength (psi x 106)
Modulus of Elasticity (E) (psi x 106)
Modulus in Torsion (G) (psi x
Maximum Operating Temperature
Method of Manufacture / Primary Use
106) 12 (up to
Music Wire
ASTM A228
C 0.70 - 1.00% Mn 0.20 - 0.60%
0.100") 0.284
230 - 399
30.0
11.75 (over 0.100")
Highest quality cold 250 °F
drawn, high carbon wire. Good surface finish.
Class I: Hard Drawn MB
ASTM A227
C 0.45 - 0.85% Mn 0.60 - 1.30%
0.284
147 - 283 Class II:
Cold drawn. Average 30.0
11.5
250 °F
be readily electroplated.
171 - 324
Cold drawn and heat
Class I:
Oil Tempered
ASTM A229
MB
C 0.55 - 0.85% Mn 0.60 - 1.20%
0.284
165 - 293 Class II:
stress applications. Can
treated before 30.0
11.5
250 °F
fabrication. Slight scale on surface. General
191 - 324
purpose spring wire. Cold drawn and heat
Oil Tempered Chrome
treated before
C 0.51 - 0.59% ASTM A401
Cr 0.60 - 0.80%
0.284
235 - 300
30.0
11.5
475 °F
Si 1.20 - 1.60%
Silicon
fabrication. Used for shock loads and moderately elevated temperatures. Cold drawn and heat
Oil
C 0.48 - 0.53%
treated before
Tempered
Mn 0.70 - 0.90%
fabrication. Used for
Chrome
ASTM A231
Vanadium
Cr 0.80 - 1.10% V
0.284
190 - 300
30.0
11.5
425 °F
0.15 Min %
shock loads and moderately elevated temperatures.
Stainless Steel
ASTM A313
302/304
Stainless Steel 316
Cr 17.0 - 19.0% Ni
8.0 - 10.0%
Cold drawn general 0.286
125 - 325
28.0
10.0
550 °F
heat resistant. Cold drawn. Heat
Cr 16.0 - 18.0% ASTM A313
Ni 10.0 - 14.0% M
purpose corrosion and
0.286
110 - 245
28.0
10.0
550 °F
2.0 - 3.0%
resistant and better corrosion resistance than 302. Cold drawn and
Stainless Steel 17-7
precipitation hardened
Cr 16.0 - 18.0% AMS 5678
PH
Ni
6.5 - 7.5%
0.282
235 - 335
29.5
11.0
650 °F
Mo 0.75 - 1.5%
after fabrication. High strength and general purpose corrosion resistance.
Phosphor Bronze
Cu 94.0 ASTM B159
Cold drawn. Good
96.0% Sn
0.320
105 - 145
15.0
6.25
200 °F
4.0 - 6.0%
corrosion resistance and electrical conductivity. Cold drawn. Good
Beryllium Copper
ASTM B197
Cu
98.0%
Sn
2.0%
0.298
150 - 230
18.5
7.0
400 °F
corrosion resistance and electrical conductivity. Good physical strength. Cold drawn. Good
Monel 400
AMS 7233
Ni
66.0%
Cu
31.5%
0.319
145 - 180
26.0
9.5
450 °F
corrosion resistance at moderately elevated temperature.
Monel K 500
QQ-N-286
Ni
65.0%
Cu
29.5%
Excellent corrosion 0.306
160 - 200
26.0
9.5
550 °F
resistance at moderately elevated temperature.
Inconel 600
AMS B166
Ni
76.0%
Cr
15.8%
Fe
7.2%
Cold drawn. Good 0.304
100 - 230
31.0
11.0
700 °F
corrosion resistance at moderately elevated temperature. Cold drawn and
Inconel 718
AMS B637
Ni
52.5%
Cr
18.6%
Fe
18.5%
precipitation hardened 0.298
210 - 250
29.0
11.2
1100 °F
after fabrication. Good corrosion resistance at moderately elevated temperature.
Inconel
AMS 5698 /
X750
5699
Ni
73.0%
Cr
15.0%
Fe
6.75%
0.298
No. 1
Cold drawn and
Temper:
precipitation hardened
155 Min Spring
31.0
12.0
750 - 1100 °F
after fabrication. Good corrosion resistance at
Temper:
moderately elevated
190 - 230
temperature.
Co 39.0 41.0% Elgiloy
AMS 5833
Cold drawn and aged.
Cr 19.0 -
270 - 330
21.0%
32.0
12.0
250 °F
resistance.
Ni 15.0 - 16.0% Fe
Balance
Fe
Balance
Ni 41.0 - 43.5% NiSpan C
AMS 5225
Cr
4.9 - 5.75%
Ti
2.2 - 2.75%
Al
0.3 - 0.8%
Ni
Balance
Excellent corrosion
Precipitation 0.294
150 - 190 24.0 - 29.0 9.0 - 10.0
150 °F
hardenable. Constant modulus alloy.
Cr 14.5 Hastelloy (C276)
16.5% ASTM B574
Mo 15.0 17.0% W
3.0 - 4.5%
Fe
4.0 - 7.0%
100 - 200
30.7
11.8
700 °F
High corrosion resistance.
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