Module 3-carbon Compounds 55436o

MODULE 3 The Carbon Compound

ORGANIC COMPOUND

Traditionally, the term “organic compound” is used for the compounds that are derived from plants and animals like ethyl

ORGANIC COMPOUND

However, these kinds of compounds are also produced artificially. For example: alcohol and acetic acid can be derived from

ORGANIC COMPOUND

Therefore, how are these compounds classified as organic compounds?

ORGANIC COMPOUND

Organic compounds are group of carbon-containing compounds.

ORGANIC COMPOUND

Organic compounds contain carbon and hydrogen

ORGANIC COMPOUND

other organic compounds are combined with other elements namely oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorous, sulfur, and halogens (fluorine,

ORGANIC COMPOUND

Ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol (rubbing alcohol), acetic acid, acetone and diesel oil are just some of the many examples of useful

ORGANIC COMPOUNDS AND THEIR USES

GASOLINE -as fuel for vehicles

ORGANIC COMPOUNDS AND THEIR USES

KEROSENE -as fuel for lamps (gasera)and portable cooking stove (kusinilya). -can be used to remove

ORGANIC COMPOUNDS AND THEIR USES

LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas) -as fuel for gas stove and cars.

ORGANIC COMPOUNDS AND THEIR USES

ETHANOL -as disinfectant -as main ingredient in liquors

ORGANIC COMPOUNDS AND THEIR USES

ACETONE -to remove nail polish

ORGANIC COMPOUNDS AND THEIR USES

ACETIC ACID -as component of vinegar -can be used to threrat fungal infection

PROPERTIES OF COMMON ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

1. ODOR - the smell of the compound. Every compound has its own specific odor.

PROPERTIES OF COMMON ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

3. VOLATILITY - the measure of the tendency of a compound to evaporate or turn into gaseous state.

PROPERTIES OF COMMON ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

2. VISCOSITY - a measure of liquid’s resistance to flow.

PROPERTIES OF COMMON ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

4. FLAMMABILITY - the measure of how easily the material burns.

QUESTION AND ANSWER

Which material is most viscous? LUBRICATING OIL

QUESTION AND ANSWER

What are the common uses of viscous materials? Common uses of viscous materials or liquids are used to lubricate parts of machines, instruments, or appliances such as motor of electric fan;

QUESTION AND ANSWER

Which materials are flammable? Kerosene and ethyl alcohol.

In what ways are these Although ethyl alcohol is also flammable, materials used? it is not used as fuel for stoves or lamps only. It is also used as a component of biofuels for vehicles, as an ingredient for

QUESTION AND ANSWER

Which material have strong odor? KEROSENE Which material have weak odor? ETHYL ALCOHOL

QUESTION AND ANSWER

Why is it important to know the properties of these kinds of organic It iscompounds? important to have knowledge about the properties of these compounds

STRUCTURAL FORMULA

- a formula for a molecular compound that indicates the atoms present and the bonding sequence of the atoms.

CONDENSED FORMULA

- a formula for a molecular compound that indicates the bonding sequence without showing all the bonds.

BOILING POINT

- the temperature at which a liquid evaporates or becomes vapor.

COMMON GROUPS OF HYDROCARBON

1. ALKANES - hydrocarbon compounds that only have single bonds in the compounds. Alkanes are also known as saturated hydrocarbons because additional hydrogen atoms can no longer bond in the compound. The first alkane is methane, CH4, and the second member is ethane, CH3CH3, which

COMMON GROUPS OF HYDROCARBON

2. ALKENES - hydrocarbons that have one or more carbon-carbon double bonds in their structures. The name of alkene compounds end in –ene. The simplest alkenes are ethene, CH2CH2, and propene, CH2CHCH3.

COMMON GROUPS OF HYDROCARBON

3. ALKYNES - contain at least one carbon-carbon triple bond. The most common alkyne compound is ethyne or acetylene.

QUESTION AND ANSWER

What are the types of bonds present in the following: alkanes, alkenes, alkynes? Compounds in and the alkanes group only have single bonds between carbon atoms. Alkenes have at least one double bond between carbon atoms in the compounds. Alkynes have at least

QUESTION AND ANSWER

Using Tables 1 to 3, what pattern do you observe in of the phase, number of carbon atoms, structure and boiling point of the alkanes, The physical state of the alkanes alkenes, and alkynes? from methane to butane is gas, and from pentane to octane: liquid.

QUESTION AND ANSWER

The reason for this is related to the structure of the compounds. If the molecule of the compound is small it interacts less with each other. Just like methane, it is likely to be a gaseous compound.

QUESTION AND ANSWER

The trend of the phase of compounds is also the same with the alkenes and alkynes. The phase of alkenes and alkynes is a gas when a molecule is small and becomes liquid as the molecules become bigger.

QUESTION AND ANSWER

When the molecules become bigger in size or structure, they can closely interact with each other and they will become more likely to be liquid just like in the case of octane. Octane molecules has a very long chained structure the makes it heavy to be a

QUESTION AND ANSWER

The trend in the structures of the compounds in alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes is the same. The size of the structures of the compounds is increasing because the compounds become bigger or

QUESTION AND ANSWER

Why do you think some hydrocarbons are gases and others are liquids?

The reason why there are hydrocarbons that are gases and liquids is because of the structure or the size of the molecules of the compounds. When the molecules are small, they tend to interact less among each other. Smaller

QUESTION AND ANSWER

As the structures of the compounds become bigger, they also interact more with each other. Bigger molecules that interact with each other more strongly require higher temperature to evaporate. That is why they have a higher

QUESTION AND ANSWER

And when molecules have bigger structures, they interact more with each other. Thus, bigger molecules then tend to settle in liquid state.

QUESTION AND ANSWER

Why do you think there are many hydrocarbon compounds? The reason for so many hydrocarbon compounds is the carbon atom. Carbon atoms have four valence electrons. This atomic structure of the carbon makes it possible to form many types of bonds with other elements and with other carbon

QUESTION AND ANSWER

What hydrocarbon compounds are gases and liquids? What are the uses of gaseous hydrocarbon compounds and liquid hydrocarbon compounds?

Common examples of gaseous hydrocarbon compounds are methane, butane, propene, and ethyne (acetylene).

QUESTION AND ANSWER

Methane gas is the most common hydrocarbon. It is used as fuel for cigarette lighters and LPG. It is also mixed with other fuel for Butane gas is vehicles. used as fuel, blended with other hydrocarbons to produce liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), and is also used as fuel cigarette lighter. The color of the flame when butane is used in cigarette lighter is blue..

QUESTION AND ANSWER

Ethyne gas or commonly known as acetylene is used commonly in flame torch that is used in welding of iron, and it is also used for hastening the ripening of Examples of common liquid fruits. hydrocarbons are octane and pentene. Octane and pentene are used as

CALCIUM CARBIDE

CaC2 is a compound commonly known as “kalburo”. This substance is used to speed up the ripening of fruits. When it reacts with water such as moisture in the air, ethyne is produced.

PROPERTIES OF ETHYNE

What are the properties of ethyne and explain how it can introduce ripening of when fruits? This is because calcium carbide (kalburo) reacts with the moisture in the air, acetylene gas is produced. Acetylene gas is the compound that makes the ripening of the fruits becomes faster. Acetylene imitates the action of the natural ripening agent called ethene or ethylene (C2H4). Ethene or ethylene is a plant hormone

FUNCTIONAL GROUP

- a group of atoms that are bonded to the molecule. This group is responsible for the characteristics or property of that compound.

HYDROXYL GROUP

Alcohols have hydroxyl group (-OH). If you are going to observe the structures of ethyl, isopropyl, and methyl alcohol, you will notice the hydroxyl group (-OH) in their structures.

ALCOHOL

Alcohols are a group of organic compounds that contain a hydroxyl group, -OH, that is chemically bonded to a carbon atom in the compound.

USES OF ALCOHOL

They have special uses such as a disinfectant, fuel, and as a main component (ethyl alcohol) of liquor and other alcoholic drinks.

STRUCTURES OF ALCOHOL

NAME OF PRODUCTS

NAME OF ALCOHOL/S PRESENT IN THE PRODUCT

PERCENTAGE (%) OF ALCOHOL IN THE PRODUCT

USES

Brand X alcohol

Ethyl alcohol

70%

Disinfectant/ Antiseptic

Rubbing alcohol

Isopropyl alcohol

70%

Disinfectant/ Antiseptic

Denatured alcohol

Ethyl alcohol and Methyl alcohol

95% ethyl and 5% methyl alcohol

Fuel for lamps and portable stoves

QUESTION AND ANSWER

What type of bonds are present in ethyl alcohol, methyl alcohol, and in isopropyl alcohol?

The structures of the alcohols in this activity only have single

QUESTION AND ANSWER

What s for the similar physical properties of alcohols? Alcohols have the same hydroxyl group as their functional group that is why they have some similar properties or characteristics.

CARBONYL GROUPS

Carbonyl containing compounds are organic compounds that contain carbonyl functional group, which is composed of a carbon atom doublebonded to an oxygen atom: C=O

ACETONE

Acetone is also one of the compounds that are commonly used. It is used in removing nail polish. It is also used as solvent in some industrial preparations, such as production of plastic materials.

FORMALIN

Formaldehyde is a compound that is commonly known as formalin. Its common use is to preserve organic materials because of its ability to crosslink proteins including enzymes. This is also the reason why this kind of organic compound is used in embalming process.

QUESTION AND ANSWER

What type of bonds do the acetone and formaldehyde have in their structures?

The structures of acetone, and formaldehyde all have single and double bonds.

QUESTION AND ANSWER

Formalin and acetone are common carbonyl containing compounds. Why do you think they both belong in the group of carbonyl containing compounds? The structures of acetone, and formaldehyde both have carbonyl functional group. These make them carbonyl containing