Minna No Nihongo 1 Kanji Eigoban 5e1v3d

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© 2000 by Nishiguchi

Koichi, Shinya Makiko, Koga Chiseko, Takada Toru and Mikogami Keiko

All rights reserved. No part of this publication transmitted

in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical.

wise, without the prior written permission

Published

may be reproduced,

stored in a retrieval system, or

photocopying,

of the Puhlisher.

by 3A Corporation.

Shoei Bldg., 6-3, Sarugaku-cho

ISBN4--88319-147-8 First published 2000 Printed in Japan

C0081

2-chome, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo

IO 1-0064, Japan

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Preface It is generally recognized that one of the major challenges for the learners of Japanese who have no background in using Chinese characters is acquiring the ability to read and write kanji. For those learners, the Japanese writing system is completely foreign and kanji look as though they are arbitrary graphic patterns consisting of different lines and dots. Therefore, it is understandable that many people hesitate to learn Japanese when they find these foreign characters used in the writing system, and that some learners focus on oral communication skills while avoiding learning written Japanese. It is true that the acquisition of written Japanese is a somewhat laborious task, but it will not be as laborious as you expect it to be if you are guided properly. Besides, you may experience a sense of wonder and excitement as you become familiar with a completely different writing system. The Romans said there is no royal road to learning. But there is a proper road to learning. This book will lead you onto that proper road, so that you can learn to read and write Japanese, and kanji in particular, in an informative and enjoyable way. On behalf of the authors of the book, I wish to thank Ms. Ayako Kikukawa of 3A Corporation for her sage advice, perseverance, and close attention to detail during the editing of this text prior to publication. And also a debt of gratitude is owed to Mr. Masahiko Nishi no for his excellent work on the illustrations. February 2000 Koichi Nishiguchi

iii

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Introduction D General fea tu res of this hook This book has been prepared as a kanji book for 7-J-lv /j (!) B *i1.HJJ*& I. However, the scope of this book is not limited to the kanji and *kanji words that appear in the course book. It also includes the development of general kanji ability and written Japanese language skills. The authors do not think that the only way to learn kanji is to simply practice writing each kanji or kanji word over and over again and to memorize their readings by rote. Neither do the authors think that it is a good idea to design a course of learning based on the kanji system, because it is only a partial system and if we choose that course learners are often obliged to learn many unfamiliar words. The authors believe that kanji and kanji words are

best learned if they are studied in familiar words used in familiar contexts, while at the same time paying attention to the kanji system. In this way, learners not only acquire a certain number of kanji and kanji words per se but also build a solid foundation to their general kanji ability and develop skills in written Japanese, thus encouraging them to study Japanese further. As explained below, in the process of selecting the target kanji and kanji words, the contents of the course book and the lists of kanji and vocabulary prepared for the Japanese Language Proficiency Test were taken into consideration. Therefore, this book can be used as a general beginning kanji material, as well as a kanji book accompanying 7-J-lv /j (!) B *i!

:M~ I. *kanji word = a word that is normally written in kanji or kanji plus some additional hiragana.

D Target kanji and kanji words Two hundred and twenty kanji and three hundred and fifty kanji words have been selected as targets in this book. The 350 target kanji words, with some exceptions (exceptions 1-3), are found within the course book and also appear in the Vocabulary List for Level 4 of the Japanese Language Proficiency Test. The 220 target kanji are those required to write these 350 kanji words. With the exception of the seven kanji shown on the next page (exception 4), the 220 kanji are all Level 3 kanji. All the 80 Level 4 (i.e., beginning level) kanji and 85 % of the 245 Level 3 (i.e., elementary level) kanji are covered in this book. <Exceptions> 1 . The following target kanji words are not studied in the course book but appear in the Vocabulary List for Level 4 of the Japanese Language Proficiency Test. e!i, WI, :It, * ~ H , * 4'~, * 1t-,JL * f& 7:J , * frJ (before) * These kanji words are written in hiragana in the course book, but are written using kanji in this book and included in the target kanji words. 2 . The following target kanji words are studied in the course book but do not appear in the Vocabulary List for Level 4 of the Japanese Language Proficiency Test.

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3 . The following target kanji words are not studied in the course book and do not appear in

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the Vocabulary List for Level 4 of the Japanese Language Proficiency Test.

+~t;tx, 1t1lt-+x, ,J,¥-1t:., rJJ)t':'F., ?3itfet., k'?l:J::. 4 . The following target kanji are included in the target kanji though they are Level 2 kanji of the Japanese Language Proficiency Test. Bi , Ji , it , tlJ , i;k , /If , [UJ

D

Overview of the book This book consists of four parts: three parts in the main body of the book plus a Reference Booklet which is appended to it. The purpose and contents of each part are explained below. Part I: Introduction to kanji The purpose of this part is to familiarize you with the Japanese writing system and the formal and semantic characteristics of kanji. You will learn how Japanese is written with different types of characters and how kanji function within the writing system. You will also learn some of the more important characteristics of kanji. PartII: Introductory lessons This part focuses on the formal features of kanji. The skills you will acquire in studying this part will form the foundation of your ability to recognize and write kanji. To be able to write kanji in an orderly and efficient way you have to acquire kanji-specific psychomotor skills. Without these skills, you will not be able to write kanji in a practical way and the studying of kanji will continue to be very laborious work. However, once you acquire these skills, (re)production and recognition of kanji will be far easier. Basic strokes cf kanji, one of the most important features of this book, is specifically designed to enable you to acquire these skills. Thirty-five kanji are selected and ordered in a way that you will acquire the necessary psychomotor skills as you work through the material. Practice writing each of the thirty-five kanji until you can write each one unhaltingly and correctly. And come back to Basic strokes of kanji and practice them again if you have difficulty in writing kanji as you proceed through this book. The rest of Part II includes kanji recognition practices. Through these practices you will become familiar with the general composition of kanji and some commonly used components of kanji, and develop an ability to recognize kanji correctly. Part n : Main lessons This is the actual main body of the book. This part consists of twenty units and four summary lessons named Kanji Ninja (~=lf, the shadow warrior) inserted after every five units. The appropriate time to study the units and the target kanji and kanji words included in them is shown on the next page.

vi

When to study the units

w hen to study

the unit(s)

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Unit 1 - Unit 5

A fter Lesson 5

Unit 6 - Unit 10

A fter Lesson 10

Unit 11 - Unit 12

A fter Lesson 15

Unit I 3 - Unit 15

A fter Lesson 20 -

Lesson 1 to Lesson 5 Lesson 6 to Lesson 10, or before these lessons Lesson 11 to Lesson 15, or before these lessons Lesson 16 to Lesson 20, or before these lessons -

Unit 16

A fter Lesson 21

Lesson 21, or before it

Unit 17

A fter Lesson 22

Lesson 22, or before it

Unit 18

Atter Lesson 23

Lesson 23, or before it

Unit 19

Atter Lesson 24

Lesson 24, or before it

Unit 20

Atter Lesson 25

Lesson 25, or before it ---

·-

Each unit has four pages. Each of these pages is explained below. First page All the target kanji studied in the unit are shown at the top of the page. The target kanji words are presented with relevant illustrations. Study the relationship between the kanji words and the illustrations in order to find clues to understanding and memorizing the kanji or kanji words. Second and third pages: Pages A and B of each unit The target kanji are divided and studied in these two pages. Each page consists of the following three sections:

i%h- JJ: J: IJ·t~ II . 1} ~ 1i: /J• o-r. ill . 1i v '1i: I .

Presentation and recognition practice of the target kanji and kanji words Writing practice of the target kanji

Reading practice of the target kanji words in example sentences. Readings are added to the kanji words that are not targets of study in the unit. Last page: Kanji Hakase (~*ff±, a kanji doctor) This page is a summary or review of the unit. The formal features and different readings of the target kanji, as well as the composition of the kanji compounds and the usage of the target kanji words, are mainly studied on this page. A diagrammatical summary of the kanji words - >/)•

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vii

and a age for practicing reading them in context are also occasionally presented. The strategic presentation of this page is one of the paramount features of this book. The reading is given for every kanji word that is not the target of study in the unit. In reading ages

(ifh~), however, readings are only given for those kanji words that have not been studied up to that point in the book. Kanji Ninja (51:*~::ff) summarizes everything you have learnt about the kanji and kanji words studied in the preceding five units. The information that the Kanji Ninja sections present forms another important part of this book. In cases other than the reading ages (i~h~), the reading is given for every kanji word that is not the target of study in the preceding five units. Quizzes (? 1' A..) for each of the twenty units are appended to the last part of the book.

Kanji Reference Booklet The 220 target kanji, followed by the respective kanji words and other relevant information for each kanji entry, are listed in the Reference Booklet in their order of appearance in the twenty units of Part ill. Each kanji is assigned a serial number in this order. The Reference Booklet should be used as you work through the units in Part ill. lt is also a valuable source of information with which you can check, summarize and expand your knowledge of kanji and kanji words. An index of the 350 target kanji words, as well as individual target kanji and their serial numbers, is also appended to the last part of the booklet.

D How to proceed with the book

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The units in Part ill do not correspond with the lessons of J,./\.,-lj(J) H NH& I, because studying kanji is usually delayed until after several lessons of the course book have been studied. Study Part I and Part II of this book within this period. And begin to study Part ill after you have studied up to Lesson 5 or more of the course book. Study Units 1 to 5, Units 6 to I 0, Units 11 and I 2, and Units 13 to 15 after you have studied up to Lesson 5, Lesson 10, Lesson 15, and Lesson 20 of the course book respectively. And thereafter, study each unit after each lesson. This is shown diagrammatically in When to study the units on the preceding page.

D Note: • The following kanji words are written in kanji plus hiragana in the course book in accordance with Japanese orthography, but are written in hiragana in this book.

~Lv\---trfiPLv\, MLv'---~2' Lv\, (~~i-) fij:~---c~ • i- L --C (and), "c' b (but, however) and t:iP G (therefore) are used freely in this book regardless of when or if they appear in the course book. • The numbers assigned to target kanji in this book are for reference purposes only. You do not need to memorize them.

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xii

§ ;jz t < t Contents

Part I : Introduction to kanji

~+ ·

U G -IJ"'-rJ., • -/J IJ -/J + · Roma-ii

(Kanji. hiragana, katakana and Roman characters)

······ · ··· ··· ·····

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3 4 5

~-1;,

G ~+-/J{-c ~ i L f: (1) (Kanji are made from pictures (1)) ... 7

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G ~+-/J{T ~ i L f: (2) (Kanji are made from pictures (2)) ···

9

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PartII: Introductor y lessons

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(Basic strokes of kanji) ···· ··· ··· ··· ·· 13

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xiii

Part ill : Main lessons

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135

···················································· ··· ··········· Answers to quizzes

137 157

fi'\ 't: i

Kanji Referenee Booklet Target kanji and kanji words Index of target kanji words

xvii

Part I: lntroduction

to kanji

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Which are kanji ?

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11

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one

two

three L

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Saturday

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inside, center

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car

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river

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yen

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big, large

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Tuesday

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small, little

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see, look, watch

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east

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Tomorrow is Saturday.

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My father is a Japanese.

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I am an American.

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Mr. Tanaka's car is big.

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(direction, method)

1f

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i-1¥ zen

fl'fc

~!{*- broadcasting Iii i- i

5l*~;ff 4-121

l!

etc.

162

l = .:E (king) t-; i

J!,f\ modern times, present day Jf J5j( baseball If/..,

tc,'

\" ~ ,:, 7

~~1_

8_~--mj=-4~--~-os __ ~A_33 __ ~_~ __

a

=

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a suggests a connection with the sun/ day.

ij

= 11 (moon)

~ suggests a connection with the body.

IDt ~-- i -t take off (clothes) 1/J

~I

ti

fl] 145

~ breast

~ arm

Ltl

-i T

etc.

f depicts a rice plant, and suggests a connection with rice/grain.

1h /, me ht:< L

m

~I

139

~ =

~

ff. harvest,

crop

L,:,iil'(

*-

~p 172

(arrow)

\"

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-i -tj-,'

*

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=

3¥

suggests a connection with rice/ grain.

(rice)

fli flour, powder h'}'l! sugar : f4.·

~~ ~ *-t 107

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170

~m

etc.

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,,1::

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-t get married ~m ~ \

It,.,:.<.,

--...

;~::i: ::..u.

PO

112 p

thin

Ii{-

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etc.

209

g (say)

= ''

(1'

1-t)

i suggests a connection with verbal communication. IDt,B}l

-t±-:,n,,

L i -t explain

tM-: i -t check, investigate L,:,

etc. ~

(car)

= ~

~ suggests a connection with cars/transportation. ~~

wheel

~

tb L i -t export

~ A L i

j

= ~ (metal)

j

suggests a connection with metal. ~ iron

~ copper

,...,

i::'-j

-t

import

i

=

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i suggests a connection with food/eating. :::.··~ meal, rice i;J:/..,

~I

~ \ '

i -t keep ( a dog/cat/etc.)

f)'

,!ID{

etc.

56

,I = .~ (horse) ,I suggests a connection with horses/transportation. ~i~ ~ parking lot i~± knight !

t,~il~Cl1

II .

L

(Right)

I

Lh[~ /J = /J

~ Jh 120

(power)

t,fJ' a:,

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1fh ~ i -t

work

lJ = 7J

1tlJ ( t i -t help, rescue t: -t

Ii t: G

(sword)

lJ suggests a connection with swords/cutting.

*J] 6f) -Z for thefirst time Ii C

I

_!1_J -~1J_Jl']-etc.

-----'-lJ

'---I

I

7J (sword)

1J =

1/' t: •,:

1J

suggests a connection with swords/cutting.

iJlJ!1J rule

$'] k I: separately ....;_--:,....;_--:,

: t <

t depicts a spoon.

tt ~ i -t

::>C 1t culture _;:,(., 1/'

I

¥ft shoes < ----,

n: tfl

mr 1T

ri

compare

180

I depicts a nail.

1T -t; i -t

~J 1~ lighthouse

hit

-j

!'. -j

IW t~

~

t: \'

ir iE correction ,,,-tt,,

~~

~ suggests a connection with villages/places where people live.

~1t Jt1; post office rJl-jU,(.,:1<

*~

:l"i

ili 85 Jr depicts an ax. P}T place !'. ::.

7>

h:tfr \ ''1°)

1)

prayer

z

Kyoto

[XI

ik 83

~

216

--h »:

etc.

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k = X (shortage, lack) (t--:>

~ L ~' want

;jz<J) next

Ii

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[~I

tt

~

118

J~

~

etc.

depicts a person holding a stick, and suggests a connection with hitting/forcing someone to do something.

!{

--tt

(counter for thin, flat objects)

~ number

£ ''

15(-¥ attack ::11n

BJ]

*Jj 38 J1

=

133

(moon)

)=]

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BJ)~}] f,f cheerful

,j<...,

;t,, '7,

'.'

[ti t

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41

=~

124

7

#187 tt

etc.

(temple)

( i,

t~ I:::

especially

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(broom)

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a connection with brooms/cleaning .

housewife

~~Li -t -i L

-t clean (a room)

III .

(Top) _._

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159

160

176

A...,

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Jt' Z -f.;.·

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(f,(,ff-j

.t -j f;,(,

{',(,

etc .

82

poor

IL il joke ~ army

I.:

etc.

7Cl crown -IJ,,(_,t_,'I)

~I +_~I _t__!_6_!~ +

=

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(ten)

L'.'1> -j

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111

n

etc.

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< 1'" ')

'* _;

medicine

/JI.1 "' ~iii v

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common, or.d inary

§ neck (U

l

I

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JL 203

~

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PO

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etc.

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{If~

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54

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70

(soil)

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run

~

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temple

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happy

{tfJ.'

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number

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169

175

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212

213

etc]

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:fk

surface, face

~t-r

~I Jl::.

~ wheat, barley er

?P' 123 = .il;

fr

I

(stop)

teeth

Li

it ~ ~ ~ yearts) old ~\'

it Jt L i -t .::-j-r,,

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*"A old person ~1C,(,

~Ji*fffilial piety ~~:i:-j

affirm

a =

8 (the sun) 1J

a

suggests a connection with the sun/day.

:I-\ \

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hot

;h-,

LI

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~

98

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Lately

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fil

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ff'?

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punishment

etc]

= EE (rice field) tc

W\'

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185

217

,~,

etc.

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(t,i-t)

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•

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L l ,

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1~1

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stomach

1--t 9f lb Labor

~ 193

...

L l i

chapter

prize

1t 1t 8 1:t,L:l

1t :i.5t 1-±,,,;,-,

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~I

etc.

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Jf

gap

4

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culture, education

~;i.J:i

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et c.

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(rain)

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,ffi>

~ cloud

~ snow

<

rt>~

t

N.

(Bottom)

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1J

n

(power)

suggests a connection with power/labor. 'ff~

-re -jJ

labor

J,-j t:'-j

t:'

GLI JL

7't Jl 27

96

effort

•J " <

d::

'JG 130

- JL

7C 146

203

e~

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JL

suggests a connection with human beings/human actions/activities.

[~l r{ *

1t: ~

etc.

-k ( wornan)

-P:

=

-P:

suggests a connection with women.

* ''

1)

i -t need ~ my wife ;ft~ old woman --, ;t

.i, -j Ii'

r_5_*3

I_-r ___t__ i

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(child)

*W ~

season

{t-:,

-*

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7K 186

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=

etc.

(tree)

~

suggests a connection with trees/wood. ~

medicine

L i -t show around

~ 1*1

< -t ')

:t

~ 32 a

=

93

_:g-

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ft~

vegetable

etc.

188

185

8 (the sun) o

a

suggests a connection with the sun/ day. ,I-\ ' hot

i} long ago, before t;,;, L

;;,..,

ge

a1

'~ 140 ·~

= ,~ .: .:

,,

~

j~

I~

~

168

213

217

~

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etc.

(heart)

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,~ ~-- i

h-t

'•-t

~'-\_'_'~_'_T_i' __i_"~' __"'-_" __" _

-t hurry

~

etc.

I

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"" suggests a connection with fire/heat. t5

.

--- '"' point, (A,

mar k

§ ~ nature L -tU..

AA fever h..,

in ,€!!, (81) depicts a tail fin of a fish. ~ ,;-t~·

)l*,rJ;ff 4-131

}t

1{ 98 ~

=

etc.

115

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,;,,,

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~ It i -t

lose (a game)

1.

v.

(Top and Left)

[!-[ 1?

7-i_

~

etc.

101

88

~· __._l_'F_10 __ '!f_5 _~_isz __~__ ~__e_tc_J~

r:

depicts the ridge of a roof, and suggests a connection with roofs/ houses. }.i I)

i

-th

[rl

-t

sit

nt garden 1:t,

Jj_

Jet..

211

39

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post office

~

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etc.

{i~ t.:.,,? ~

<

[ti m

%

residence l

etc.

195

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iBih i -t

get tired

~ \'

hurt, be painful

VI.

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(Left and Bottom)

~M L i -t postpone

5-i:~ law court

;t,<,~

IHc1'

Ur 85

~ 53

*

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if198

~ 192

us

102

etc.

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lt_l 5t_

---~

=

ilJ!

~

~ 99

etc.

;l: (run) Ii L ( 'J

.t -t)

,l--:i~L

jt@°*- hobby

o

L ~ ;,

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move (house)

~

120

nuc

w.

I~D~I _WJ_IElffi _OO_!

(Enclosure)

etc.

I

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m:.t I) i

lnl

-t be embarrassed, have difficulty

fI3 24

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ill park

:1;t£

~

fii]

pg

80

173

20]

etc.

rJj 86

r, r,

ml 94

rm M 214

etc.

215

J

(gate)

=

t A,

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question, trouble

L A.f:1'

[!_JI ~ ~ l -j

@J

etc.

109 ~ -fJ.,

terrible, brutal

ii<

[t~l_f_IR __

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