Microgrid 68105i

A Novel Approach to Standard Model of Microgrid

Outline  Introduction to Microgrid.  Microgrid Operating Modes.  The Need of Microgrid.  Interconnected Microgrids – Power Parks.  Environmental Aspects.  Conventional Grid versus Microgrid.

 Advantages & Disadvantages of Microgrid.  Future Directions on Microgrid Research.  References. 2

Introduction To Microgrid  What is Microgrid? • Micro grids are electricity distribution systems containing loads and distributed energy resources such as distributed generators, storage devices, or controllable loads. • The distributed energy sources may be solar plant, wind farm, diesel generator set etc. • There are two modes of operation of microgrid: grid connected mode and islanded mode. 3

Introduction To Microgrid  What is Microgrid? • In grid connected mode, microgrid helps the grid in supplying deficient power to the main grid. • In islanded mode of operation, microgrid alone supplies the required power to the loads connected in the power system. • Size of the microgrid may range from kilowatt to megawatt depending upon requirement and availability of resources.

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Introduction To Microgrid  Microgrid Components  Distributed Generation  Loads  Immediate storage  Controller  Point of Common Coupling

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Typical Microgrid is shown below:

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Pomelo, Indonesia - Village microgrid

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Microgrid Operating Modes  Grid Connected Mode:  Utility grid is active.  Static switch is closed  All the feeders are being

supplied by utility grid.

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Microgrid Operating Modes  Island Mode:  Utility grid is not supplying power  Static switch is open.  Feeder A, B, C are being supplied

by Microsources.  Feeder D (not sensitive )

is dead. 9

The Need Of Microgrid  Microgrid could be the answer to our energy crisis.  Transmission losses gets highly reduced.  Microgrid results in substantial savings and cuts

emissions without major changes to lifestyles.  Provide high quality and reliable energy supply to

critical loads 10

Interconnected Microgrids Interconnected Microgrids – Power Parks  Practical size of Microgrids is limited to a few MVA.  For larger loads, it is desirable to interconnect many

Microgrids to form a larger Microgrid network called Power Parks.  The advantages of this Microgrid structure insures

greater stability and controllability for the Power Parks. 11

Environmental Aspects  Microgrid encourages the use of the renewable energy

sources.  Large land use impacts are avoided.  CO2 Emissions are reduced.

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Conventional Grid vs. Microgrid  Efficiency of conventional grid is very low as compared

to Microgrid.  Large amount of energy in the form of heat is wasted in

conventional grid.  Power sources in case of Microgrid (often referred to as

Microsources) are small and are located in close proximity to load. 13

Advantages  Microgrid Advantages  A major advantage of a Microgrid, is its ability, during a utility

grid disturbance, to separate and isolate itself from the utility seamlessly with little or no disruption to the loads within the Microgrid.  In peak load periods it prevents utility grid failure by

reducing the load on the grid.  Significant environmental benefits made possible by the use

of low or zero emission generators. 14

Advantages  Microgrid Advantages  The use of both electricity and heat permitted by the

close proximity of the generator to the , thereby increasing the overall energy efficiency.  Microgrid can act to mitigate the electricity costs to its

s by generating some or all of its electricity needs.

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Disadvantages  Microgrid Disadvantages  Voltage, frequency and power quality are three main

parameters that must be considered and controlled to acceptable standards whilst the power and energy balance is maintained.  Electrical energy needs to be stored in battery banks thus

requiring more space and maintenance.

 Resynchronization with the utility grid is difficult.

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Disadvantages  Microgrid Disadvantages  Microgrid protection is one of the most important challenges

facing the implementation of Microgrids.  Issues such as standby charges and net metering may pose

obstacles for Microgrid.  Interconnection standards needs to be developed to ensure

consistency. IEEE P1547, a standard proposed by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers may end up filling the void. 17

Future Directions on Microgrid Research  To investigate full-scale development, field demonstration,

experimental performance evaluation of frequency and voltage control methods under various operation modes.  Transition between grid connected and islanded modes on interaction

phenomena between distribution generation and high penetration of distributed generation.

 Transformation of Microgrid system today into the intelligent, robust energy delivery system in the future by providing significant reliability and security benefits. 18

Standard matlab modellingand simulationof microgrid Matlab/simulinkisapprocahis used indeg of microgridmodel

References • S. M. Brahma, J. Trejo and J. Stamp, “Insight into Microgrid Protection ,” 5th IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Europe (ISGT Europe), October 2014. • Sukumar M. Brahma, J. Trejo and J. Stamp, “Insight into Microgrid Protection ,” 5th IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Europe (ISGT Europe), October 2014. • Pukar Mahat, Z. Chen, B. Bak-Jensen, and C.L. Bak, “A Simple Adaptive Overcurrent Protection of Distribution System With Distributed Generation,” IEEE Trans.on Smart Grid, Vol.2 No.3, Sep-2011. • A. M. Massoud, S. Ahmed, S. Finney, and B. Williams, “Inverter Based Versus Synchronous Based Distributed Generation; Fault Current Limitation and Protection issue,” IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition 2010, Page No 58-63. • N.Nimpitiwan, G. Thomas, R. Ayyanar, and S. Suryanarayanan, “Fault Current Contribution From Synchronous Machine and Inverter Based Distributed Generators,” IEEE Trans. Power Del., vol.22, no.1, pp. 634-641, Jan. 2007.

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References • D. P. Mishra, S. R. Samantaray, and G. Joos, “A Combined Wavelet and DataMining Based Intelligent Protection Scheme for Microgrid,” IEEE Trans. Smart Grid, vol. 7, no. 5, pp. 2295-2304, Sep. 2016. • M. Pignati, L. Zanni, P. Romano, R. Cherkaoui, and M. Paolone, “Fault detection and faulted line identification in active distribution networks using synchrophasor-based real-time state estimation,” IEEE. Trans. Power Delv, vol. 32, no.1, pp. 381-392, Feb. 2017.

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P. Mahat, Z. Chen, B. Bak-Jensen, and C.L. Bak, “A Simple Adaptive Overcurrent Protection of Distribution System With Distributed Generation,” IEEE Trans.on Smart Grid, vol.2, no.3, pp. 428-437 Sep-2011.

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S. Gautam and S. M. Brahma, “Detection of High Impedance Fault in Power Distribution System Using Mathematical Morphology,” IEEE Trans. Power Sys., vol.28, no.2, pp. 1226-1234, May 2013.

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Thank You

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