c ccc c c c c c c c c c c !!c " c## c c c c" c!! c c$c c c! %c cc" ccc! c cc "!cc ! c##c c !c !c &c c c c c ! c c c
' $c !c c c c !c #c " c !c c c c " c c c c !!c &c c c $cc c " c c c c !c c c c c " $c c "c c c ( c c c )***c c c #c !c ++,c c c -./c c !c c ), c !c )-c " c ! c " c c &c c c c " c -),,c " $c c ( c !"" &c c c c &c 'c "% c c 0%c c ,& c 1&c ! c c -c c " c c % c ## c % c c c **c c " c c "c cc cc("c!c $cc c ccccccccccc23cccc "! cThe Global Goal of Elimination of Lymphatic Filariasis as a Public Health problem by The Year )*)*$c " c c c c "!c c c 4c c !5" c c c c+cc c " c c cc6cc c! c c c c " c c # c ##c c c $c " c c c c c c c #c !c c c c )**)c c +c !$c c 6 c c c c $c !!c c c c c c c ## c % c 7c 2# c !#"% &c c cc c " $c8"c c9c c" c cc c c c c ),c c c c c " &c 4 :&c 0" &c &c c c c c !c ! c ("c c c c $cc c c c c
c
cc c cccc04 cc c c ;" c &c ! c ,+c c c c c c c c " c c c <;c c 0 c c c ! c c c ! c c c c cc cc $c c c cc)c! c c &c6 c!c! ccc c &c!ccc $c c c c !c c c %c c c c "!c c c!$cc!!c" c c cc c c c c c c$cc c c% c " c 9c c ""c $c=c c )*>/*c &c c c ?*c:> &c% c c )*c:> $cc c % "c c " c"c c"c@&c cc@&c &c@&cc c c@$cc c c65 ccc c $c Ê c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
)c
cc c 03<c3cc c c
!"" c9c !c *&Ac > c7c " c?+,*>,7cc,-&A*17c"!" c.),$***>, c c 9c" "% c)*1&c!"% c.1&c"% c! c.*1&c"% c c )*1&c %" c +1&c"" c 1c " c c "% c c!c&c c"c# cc c ! cc ! c!c$cc c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
,c
c8c c 0;cc c cc c c ccc!" cc" &c !!c" c c"cc! c %c c2# c#"% $c c !!c " c % c ## c c c c ( #&c c cc c% c " &c% c"#"## $c0c
" c c c ! &c c c " " c % &c c c ! c c c c %cc% c % cc c c! c % c!$c !!c c % c % c cc 2# c !#"% &c c cc c " c c% c!c !!c" c3#"## c $c c % c c !!c " c 2$!#"% c !c c ! c #"% c % c c c !!c " c c c !c ! c 0 c % $c c % c c c c c " c $&c4 :c$&cc$cc0" c$c c % c c !!c c c ##c c #c cc ccc$cc ??/&c c c c )Ac c " c % &c c c c c !6c +c&c
+c c " c 2$c!#"% c c +cc " c c$c c
c c c c c c &c &c B &c c c !!c c c 4 $c c " &c % c c c c c c c c c $c c B6c &c c "(!c )**A&c !c A/+c " c c " %c c% &c!c .)*c " c cc c c" & c!!cc2$!#"% $cc!!cc ! c c c c % c % c c c "c c !c
#c % c c !!c " c c " c c c ' "c !c! cc c("c cc!$c
c
.c
=! c !6c c !! c c !!cc % ccc c % c cc c ! $c ; c
2# c
!c
c=" c
8"c
c
!#"% c
=c
=c
0 % c
c
c
cc
## c
"%
6c
c
; c
c
% c
%c % c " c cc
c c
; &= &c c
; c
c= c
%c
c
% c % c
cc
cc
ccccccccccccccc
cc
cc
cc
; c
c
% c
cccc c " c
c !!c c
c
c" c
%c % c
cc
cc
cc
"' "c
% c = c c 4"c B c c
Calabar
c
$c
c
Sweelingc
c3#"##c
c% &C&ccccc
c;
c c
( ( c
c
= c c$c
c; c
cc
cc
c c
c
c &c " & c c
c !cc2$!#"% cc$c cc cc! c c!6$c !c $c " c c $c c c 6c ! c c $c " c c ! &c c $c c !6c &c c c c c cephalic spacec c$c " c,9 &c c$c c)9 $c
c
+c
c c
(c % %cc (c c,cc cc!c c c c &c!!cc cc c&c (c!!c cc c .c c c! cc c %$c; c?c! c c (c c !!c c## c6ccc! &c## c6c cc c c c %c %&c c c c %c c !6c c c c "!"c&c ccc c %c c&ccc2$!#"% c !c c c %c c c c ' c c &c &c "c c$cc 0 c " &c ## c ! c c (c c c !c ! " > "% c c c c !&c c ! c c *$***c c $c 0 "% c c c c c c c c c "# #&c "% c cc c c c c cc c c c c -c $c c c c cc c c !c c c "% &c c c !c "% c !c c c ! c c $c !!c " c " c c ! c &c c c ! c
c
-c
!c c" " c " &ccc ! c "% cc c &ccc c c !c ("c c $c c c c c c ! c cc c c!c c c " cc" $cc c c "% c c&cc c!cc (c c !c c (c c)cc c (c c,c c6c *c Dc )c $c4# c6cc c c)*cc c!c &c'c c+cc c c $c c
%c c % c !#"% c ! c c c $c
%c c cc ! c c.c &c 9c = c $cc cc c cc! c" creversibelc ! c c $c = c )$c >c "c c c c c c ! c " c irreversibelc! c c $c = c ,$c c "c &c c c ! c " c irreversibelc ! c c &c c c! $c = c.$cc"c c c c% !" cc("cc c elephantiasis$c c 0 % c c c % c !!c " c ## c 6c c c
% c c" c % cc % $c; c &c c" c c ( c c c c c !coccult filariasis$c c "c c &c % c ! c c % c c
% c c ! c c ! c c c "! c c c c % $c c c !!c c c c c c c c! &c c! c c cc ! cc ! c 9cc c 0ccc
c
/c
0c c c c (c % %c c c "% c c c6c ' c,/c! $cc! c c c c c c c c "% &c c c ""c "% c c cc cc c $c = c !6c ""c c c ""c c " c ! c "% cc "% $c c 0c ! cc 0c c c c (c % %c c # c c c c! c! ccA' -c! $c c c ccc c c c c % c c % c c c c c $c c c c ! c $c c c
c c c c "% c c
"% $cc cc c% c c !!c(uchereria bancroftic! c %c c c ' c c c c % &c c c "# $c % c c c &c c !c c
% c " c c c !c c c ,' +c $c ; c! c c!!c c c$c c % c c !!c rugia malayic c rugia timoric
% c c c c c &c c c c !c$c ' c c % c" $c! c %c ccc &cc c c %cc c c c $c c c c !c c !!c $c ; c c c )c c c c c c !!c c ! $c c %c c c c c !&c #&c !c cc cc c&c c,c c c,c! $c c ccc c c c *' +c c c c c $c 0 "% c c c c c &c c % c c c $c c " c c !!c c ##c c c ( c cc!! c $cc c
Ac
c c c c c " $c c c # c " cc c "% $c %cc % c c c c c&c c!6&c"&c( (cc!c&c c c !c c c c ,c c c c $cChyluria c c c &c c c !!c c !!c c!c!cc $cc c % c c c c!6c c!6c cc c!6$c c !c c c c ! c )c c c $c c
VCCULT FILARIASIS - =" # c "c" "% c c c c c ( c c c c c "% $c c c c " "% &c c c c c "% &c c %" ccc!" $c cc! %c %c c c "! %$c c c c c c !" c % c % c c c $c c ! c #c c c ! c ! c c4$cc !c c c c c &c ""( &c % !" c " " &c " " c ' cc % c c c occult filariasis. c c c c % c c c c c % c &c c c c c c c c ( c c!! c!cc &c 9cc $c "% c " cc )$c "% c " cc ,$c 0 "% c " cc .$c 0 "% c " cc +$c c cc " &c % &cchyluria. c
c
?c
! c c c c c c c c c c c ! c %c c "c %$c c ! c %c c !c c
(c c,c c c6$c4# c6cc c"cDc "c c c !!c c c ! c %c c c % c c c ! !c c %c " $c !c c c " c !ccc!c %$c !c (c c ,c c c 6c !!c c c %c c=cc c=)c c c " c c c &c c-&c=cE$c; " cc'c " c cc c'cc c c c " "% c c ! !c c "c " % " c c " c c c c c c c " c c c " c $c c c !c c ! c c c c c "c % c c ! c $c c " "% c c c "c % c c c !!c c ""c c !c c c c c $c c c c c %c c % c c ""$c "c !c c c ! c %c c &c! c c! c %&c% !" &ccc$c c c !!c c( c# c %cc c cc!!c c c" $c " ! c " c c c c c c c $c " c c c cc c ccc c Acute and Chronic Disease Rate). c c "% &c c c c c c " c % c c
c c c % c " &c
% c! cc c$cc c ! " c " " c c c c "% c c c c c c c c $c c c
c
*c
c c &c,*c c c ! c4c **c $c c "% c #c"%" " cc c# c## c% $c c c c "" % c ;c c "c c c
%c c cc ! c !c## c c! ' cfilarial dance sign$c c %" % c c c c c ! c c ! c c " %c c c c !" c c % &c c c c c "% c " $c c # cc "% c ccc&c ! &c "% c c c &c occult filariasis, c c !" c >c c c #c " " c c c c " $c c !" c c c " c " %c c "% &c c !c % c c c % c $c c c c c !" &c c c c c !&c c ! c c " c " " $c !c
,&c !" c
"" " c c V.c gibsoni c " c c #c ! c c "% c($cbancrofti cc6c $c c c"c %"c c! c c!6c c c
c" cc
cc
c
!cc
)' -c > cc
*&Ac > cc
Fcc
cc
,/'./c1cc
,-&A*c1cc
Fcc
" cc
c.$***'
?+,*>c c
,c ,c
" cc
$***> c ="!" cc
,
+*'.+*c:c * >c
,c
.),$***>c c
" cc
,
c c
c
c
ccGc0 "% c9c c!c&cc c"c# &c c ! &cc c!cc'c2$c!#"% $c
c c? c
c
c
c Y c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
$ c c c c c &c c c c c .*c c c ! c c.*c $cB c c c.*c cc " ! c cc !!c" cc c" cc c c" $cB c
! c c .*c c c "" ! c c c !!c " c venous hypertension c % c c c c c (c $c B c c c systemic venous hypertensionc cardiac diseasesc c c c cvenous insufficiency obstruction$c ; c &c c c c c c c c ! $c B c c c c c c nonpittingc c nontenderHc B c &c c c c %&c "! c " c% &c % c""c c ! &c c #$c B c pitting c tender,c c c c "!" &c c&ccc $c c &c c c c nonpittingc c nontenderHc B c &c c c c %$cB itting ctender, cc#cc
!$c B c !c c c c " c venous hypertension c
c
)c
% c c c c c (c $c B c c c c $cB c ccvenous hypertension cocclusion.cB c#ccc c c " $c B c c c c c c" c c c c" $c ; c &c "c ! c c % c c c &c "!&c &cc!c $c "c! cc=&c c! c c!6$c c
=c
25 c "%c ; #c "%c "c " "% c c
( c c ( c
c
"%
Ic 4" #c "c " " #c " c <c "%c <c "%c
#c
" c "%c "%c
8# c "c
0"c 0"c ="c c 0"c Hc
c cc Hc !" c 4c c Hc "c
c
c
!c "%c
" #c " "% c !c 3%c
!c 3%c
3c #c %# "c " ! c 8 ! c
c
"6c
c
0"c
8 ! c
c
="c c
"6c "c "6c "c c "c "c
0"c
!c
!c
!c
!c
!c
="c c " ! c
!c
!c
!c
!c
!c
" ! c
c %! ! c c4cc"!c% c c&c! cc % c!#"% cc! &c! %c"% cc "% $c3!c c &c c c &c c c c "!&c c ! c c c c c " c c ! %c $c < c c c c c &c !c c &c c c !! c ! c !&c &c &c" &c &c c &c &ccc c$c < c " c c c c &c !c % &c !&c &c
%c &c " &c % c c $c < c c c c!!cc c" c&c c"c c)'+c cc ! c c c c c "% $c < c c " c c !!c c c ! c " c &c c "c c !!c c c
c
,c
!!c c c c c c c c c $c < c c cc c c"!c " $c < c c c ! c !c c "!c % c ! &c c c c c " c c c # c " c " c &c c ! c c c c c ! $c c c c 4c c !!c c c "!&c c c c ! c c"!c c c(# c c > c! c %c c c ! cc c" c $cc 4c cc cc""% $c "!c ! c" c c c &c c #&c # c " c #c c c c ,c &c c c c c $c 4c c ! c c c !c c c )c &c !c > &c c c c !c c cc $c c% c!#"% &c ! c ! c c )c c!c-c > c !c!&c c c% c! c ! c +c > c !c !c c *c $c coccult filariasis c " c +c > c !c !c c ),c $c "!c c ! c c c c c "% &c c &c %&cchyluria c c $c; c c "!c ! c c c c c c !c $c c c " c c c c!$c "!c "%"c c % c c c c c &c c c c ! c c c &c c &c 6c &c ## c c !c c &c c c #c c c #c &c c ! c &c c c &c "! c c # c c c c c ! " &c " c !&c c c cc &c c" ccc# c c c !c % c c c c c &c c #c "!ccc"! cc c c" c("$c !c% c c" c c" cc c9c $c 0cAcute Disease Rate ADR) c*1cc )$c 0cmicrofilarial mf) rate cJc+1 ,$c 0cChronic Disease Rate CDR) c
.c
;c !c c c c c c " c c c ccc c!$c c " cc c9cc $c c c c cmf rate È +1c )$c c c c c !c c c c ! &c &c 6 cc!c c !c c "!&c !c c c $c "!c c c c c !c % &c ccc
+17c c "!c %c c! c
c!c!7cc% c!#"% c c +c &ccc% c! c c *c $c c " c c c ! c c c ! c c *c &c c >)c ! c c c c c *c7c c+c > c!c!cc c+' )c c% c!#"% ccc c+' /cc% c! $cc c " c c c! cc c ! c c *c&c >)c! cc cJc *c&c c c c.*c $cc c c!cc c9cc c ! cc & cc c " c9cresidual indoor spraying
c c9caerial spraying c
+c
c ! c ccc c " c9c!c 1cc
c 4 :c9c ccc c 0" c 9c c c c c &c c6cc c cc c 'cccc $c 0 c6c> !cc b.c 0 crepellent c c c c % c c c c c c !c c c c c ! c c c c% $cc ;c c c c % c !c c c c c c &c c c !6c c c c c % c c c c c &c ! c c c c c c c "!c 4c #c c c c c c c c c$cc ( c c !c c c +c &c c c c("cc cc cc c "% $c c (! ccDcc cc &c" " c! cc! c c c c c $c 6c c c !c c c c ! c "!&c c !c ("$c c cDc c c c cc &c" " c ! c!$c c c c c c c c
c
-c
c8c c ;c c c c !!c c c ! c c c &c c c c &c"!c c cc! c !c c c% Hcc c c&cc c!6cc"!c% c c! c! cc! c !c $c;c c ccc6$c c c&cc ccc "c c=HcCc&cc !c c c c c c c c c " "% $c c c "% " " c c %Hc 4# c 6c c c"cDc"c cc !!c c c! c %c c c % c c c ! !c c %c " $c !c c c" c!ccc!c %$c c 0 c2$!#"% c! ccc c! c %c c c c c !c c c c !6Hc c c c c c c c cc $c c c c c c c c c c c
c
/c
c8c ;0 cc c c 3;c c% c c,cc=c c !!c" c2$!#"% c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
Ac
c =
$$c
( ! c
%"9c
9>>666$ # # "$" >"6 ">1)*"6 "1)*%"1)*6! >$%$cL##c,c"(!c)* *M$c c " $c
$c
( ! c
%"9c
9>>666$%$ $#$ ># "> )'
" " $ H"6 "K?)$cL##c,c"(!c)* *M$c c 44$c
Life
cycle
of
(.
bancrofti$c
( ! c
%"9c
9>>666$$##$ "(>:>=0 >>> >!"N N6N!# "% $$cL##c,c"(!c)* *M$c c 4 %&c
:$c
)**?.
Filariasis
penyakit).c
( ! c
%"9c
9>>666$ % $#">$cL##c,c"(!c)* *M$c Global Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis&c23c2 c " " # c<#"c&c)**?&.)9A.9.,/'...ccccccccc 6c $c Filariasis ± aspek klinis, diagnosis, pengobatan dan pemberantasannya$cB9cc c c0 &cc c c ! cccc<c c 0&c
c
0$c
)**?$c
$c
( ! c
%"9c
9>> # $#$#"> # > *?-.)'"(( 6$c L##c ,c "(!c )* *M$c c 0 c 0 ! $c )**/$c c c "c Dc "c c c c c c cc c#c " c!c= c"( c c ; $c ( ! c %"9c 9>>#$ $#$ >% >!N,//+'' )**/$%$cL##c,c"(!c)* *M$c c
c
?c
""&c :c c c 6$c )**-$c 2# c !#"% $c ; c &c c $c &c c 2 c ! $c " " c "c c ',$cB9c c! c $,+'..$c c "&c c =$c )**/$c $c c 2$c ;""&c ! c ; " &c c 6 &$c c c c c c c c c 8$c $c B9c c ! c $ /-/' //*$c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
)*c
c c c
0<c c c2$c!#"% c
c ?
(
?
c
) c
!" #"" "$% "&" %"# $%% $'()*+ #") , - .
/
/
c
c c c cc
c
))c