Major Schools Of Linguistics Table r6l2s

Major Schools of Linguistics Table

Time Approach

Purpose

Traditional Grammar 18tn century Pre-scientific Rationalist, subjective, Prescriptive, Puritan

Historical Linguistics Late 19 century Pre-scientific Diachronic, Inspired by Darwin

Mainly Pedagogical/ Philosophical/ Literary

Theoretical

Major Figures

Structural Linguistics Early-Mid 20s, Scientific Empiricist, Descriptive, Synchronic, objective Pedagogical/ Anthropology

Generative Linguistics Mid-Late 20th century(1957) Rationalist, mentalist

Functional Linguistics 1970s-up to date

Theoretical, to explore the properties of mind Noam Chomsky

Applied

Spoken/ Written, Use Discourse, context, Communicative Competence, MacroLinguistics, E lang.

Sir William Jones

de Saussure Bloomfield

Written, Historical development, Genetic relations among languages, cognates

Spoken, Sentence, Surface Structure, Performance, Corpus, Systematic Languages are different Behaviorism

Sentence, Intuition, Deep Structure, Competence, Mental Aspects, UG,I-Language, Creativity, Micro-Linguistics Cognitive

Model/ Unit of Analysis/ Aspect of Language

Written, Usage, Word/ Sentence, Classical languages, Literature Notional definitions

Associated School of Psychology Associated L1 Acquisition Theory

Faculty

Mono genesis, Linguistic Universals

Behaviorism, Nurture, Conditioning

Nativism, Nature, Innateness, LAD, UG

Associated Teaching Method

GTM

ALM

Other Key Concepts

Linguistics Universal, Agreement, Tens, Number, Person, Gender,

CCLM, Designer Methods of the 1970s Syntactic Anatomy, PSR Hierarchy Analysis, Idealization, Modularity, Transformational Grammar, Government & Bindings, Minimalism

Internal/ Comparative, Indo-European Language, Philology

Formal Approach, Discovery Procedure, Linear analysis, Immediate Constitute analysis, CAH, Blank Slate, Positivism

Social Functionalist

Halliday, Hymes

Socialconstructivist/ humanistic Social Interactionist

CLT and later developments

Pragmatics, Implicature, Deixis, Paralinguistics, Presupposition ,Speech Act, Style, Cooperative Principles, Cohesion ,Coherence