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GPON System (M/s Huawei)
L-7 GPON System (M/s Huawei)
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GPON System (M/s Huawei)
GPON System (M/s Huawei) 1.0 Introduction The GPON System (MA5680T) has multiple superior and advanced features such as ing 8 port GPON board, ing an optical ratio of 1:128 for the GPON system, ing the multi-GE upstream transmission and ing the multi-edge networking. The MA5680T provides the voice, data, and video services that feature large capacity, high rate, and high bandwidth. To be specific:
The MA5680T functions as an optical line terminal (OLT) in a GPON network to work with the optical network unit (ONU) and optical network terminal (ONT).
The MA5680T s rich network applications, such as FTTH, FTTB, and FTTC.
The MA5680T meets the network requirements of base station transmission, IP private line interconnection, and multi-ISP wholesale.
The MA5680T s the point-to-point (P2P) FE optical access.
Fig. 1 Equipment Position in Network BRAS: broadband remote access server CATV: cable TV PSTN: public switched telephone network MDU: multi-dwelling unit BRBRAITT, Jabalpur
STB: set top box ONT: optical network terminal MG: media gateway OLT: optical line terminal Page
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GPON System (M/s Huawei) ODN: optical distribution network
ONU: optical network unit
2.0
Features of GPON System
2.1
Standards-Compliant GPON Access Capability
The MA5680T s the GPON access, which effectively solves the bottleneck problem of the access through twisted pair cables and meets the requirements of s for highbandwidth services. 2.1.1
Strict Compliance with ITU-T Recommendations
The ITU-T G.984.x recommendations, including ITU-T G.984.1 to ITU-T G.984.4, define the following aspects for the GPON system:
GPON network architecture
Specification of physical parts
Protocol at the data link layer
Management and control interfaces
The MA5680T is designed in strict compliance with the ITU-T G.984.x recommendations. It is capable of working properly with GPON terminals of different vendors. 2.1.2
Bandwidth Allocation
The MA5680T s the static bandwidth allocation (SBA) and dynamic bandwidth allocation (DBA).
SBA guarantees that each ONT obtains a fixed bandwidth.
DBA guarantees that the bandwidth is dynamically allocated to the ONTs according to the change in traffic.
SBA and DBA a bandwidth control granularity of 64 kbit/s.
The MA5680T provides hierarchical bandwidth control in the upstream and downstream directions.
In the upstream direction, bandwidth is allocated to the s or the groups in the SBA and DBA modes based on the transmission container (T-CONT).
Up to 1K T-CONT/PON ports are ed.
In the upstream and downstream directions, accurate committed access rate (CAR) is performed based on the traffic stream.
The CAR based traffic stream s a 64 kbit/s bandwidth control accuracy.
2.1.3
High Rate
The system uses the ive optical transmission to solve the bandwidth bottleneck of the access over the twisted pair cables.
The system s the downstream rate of 2.488 Gbit/s and the upstream rate of 1.244 Gbit/s.
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2.1.4
The system provides a sufficient bandwidth that meets the current service requirements and guarantees provisioning of services with a higher bandwidth in the future. Long Distance
The MA5680T adopts the ive optical transmission to a long-reach service coverage, which the access technology over the twisted pair cables does not .
The maximum logical transmission distance is 60 km. The physical distance between the farthest ONT and the nearest ONT can be up to 20 km.
The MA5680T s the downstream forward error correction (FEC) to extend the transmission distance.
2.1.5
High Optical Split Ratio
The 8-port GPON access board s a high optical split ratio of 1:128. This helps to expand the system capacity and save fiber resources, thus facilitating the expansion of the network. 2.1.6
High Efficiency
All data is encapsulated as frames with a fixed length of 125 μs based on GPON encapsulation mode (GEM). This helps to reduce the overhead bytes and improve the transmission efficiency. When the upstream transmission bandwidth is 1.244 Gbit/s, the transmission efficiency reaches up to 93%. 2.1.7
High Density
The MA5680T provides the 8-port or 4-port GPON access board, which increases the system capacity.
2.2
Abundant Ports
The MA5680T provides various upstream ports, service ports and maintenance ports to adapt to different network environments. Table 1 lists the physical ports on the MA5680T. Table-1 Physical ports on the MA5680T Port Type
Port
Upstream port
GE optical/electrical port
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Description
All GE optical ports use the small form factor pluggable (SFP) optical transceivers. Through different SFP modules, the optical ports different transmission distances. Single-mode SFP transceivers and multi-mode SFP transceivers are available.
Multi-GE upstream transmission is ed to meet the multi-edge network requirements of the carrier.
10GE optical port
It provides the 10GE upstream transmission function
E1 port
It provides the E1 upstream transmission function Page
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Service port
Maintenance port
2.3
STM-1 port
It s the upstream transmission through the STM-1 optical port and s the ESFP/SFP module.
GPON port
It provides the GPON access. It s a maximum upstream rate of 1.244 Gbit/s and a maximum downstream rate of 2.488 Gbit/s
P2P optical port
It provides the P2P Ethernet optical access at a rate of 100 Mbit/s.
Ethernet optical port
It provides the GE subtending function.
Maintenance serial port
It is used for local and remote Maintenance
Environment monitoring serial port
Various environment parameters are collected by the monitoring device and then through this port reported to the MA5680T.
Powerful QoS Capability
The MA5680T provides the following powerful quality of service (QoS) solutions to facilitate the management of different services: The MA5680T s the following powerful QoS capabilities:
Tags the data and network management streams with different ToS/DS priorities, thus providing a prioritized forwarding mechanism based on L3
Tags the data and network management streams with different 802.1p priorities, thus providing a prioritized forwarding mechanism based on L2
s L2-L7 traffic classification based on the port, VLAN, MAC address, IP address, T port number, or UDP port number
s priority control (based on the port, MAC address, IP address, T port number, or UDP port number), priority mapping and modification based on the ToS field and 802.1p, and DS differentiated services
s bandwidth control (based on the port, MAC address, IP address, T port number, or UDP port number) with a control granularity of 64 kbit/s
s the following QoS strategies based on traffic rules: –
Packet filtering
–
Packet redirection
–
Flow mirroring
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2.4
–
Traffic statistics
–
Traffic shaping
–
Bandwidth control
–
Priority tagging
s hierarchical quality of service (HQoS), which guarantees the multi-service bandwidths for multiple s: The first level guarantees the bandwidths, and the second level guarantees the bandwidths for the services of each . This ensures that the guaranteed bandwidths absolutely and the burst bandwidths fairly.
Large-Capacity Shared Platform
The MA5680T provides the large-capacity shared platform that features a high-speed switching capacity.
The switching capacity of the backplane reaches up to 3.2 Tbit/s.
The bidirectional switching capacity of the control board reaches up to 480 Gbit/s.
The GPBD board s eight GPON ports. The entire shelf s up to 8K ONTs.
Sharing the development platforms with Huawei broadband access devices, the MA5680T s the L2 and L3 features of the broadband access devices to provide oriented and future-oriented functions.
2.5
Strict Security
To meet the security requirements for carrier-class telecom services, the MA5680T provides the following features to ensure the security of the system and the . 2.5.1
System Security
Prevention of denial of service (DoS) attacks
Access control list (ACL)-based access control
Media access control (MAC) address filtering
Prevention of ICMP/IP packet attacks
Source address routing filtering
SNMP V3 for system management, providing a security mechanism based on the based security model (USM)
Secure data loading and backup through the Secure File Transfer Protocol (SFTP)
Remote authentication dial in service (RADIUS) authentication of maintenance and management staff
Hierarchical right control, that is, different rights for maintenance and management staff at different levels
Firewall black list
802.3ah:
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2.5.2
–
s transceiving and processing of Information OAMPDU packets to carry out OAM discovery and obtain the terminal vendor information.
–
s resolution of the received Event Notification OAMPDU packets.
Security
Layer 2 (L2) isolation and controlled mutual access
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DH) Option82 to enhance the DH security
Binding between MAC/IP addresses and ports
Policy Information Transfer Protocol (PITP) to identify s by the physical port information
Prevention of MAC spoofing and IP spoofing
Query of the IP address of a port by its MAC address
802.1X-based authentication, which prevents forgery and enhances accuracy of the billing in a wireline network
MAC/IP address binding based on the GEM port
Restriction on the number of MAC addresses based on the GEM port
Authentication based on the serial number (SN) and of the ONU/ONT
Encrypted broadcast transmission in the GPON downstream direction for different s, such as Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) 128-bit encryption
Setting the update period of the AES encryption key
2.6
Flexible Networking
As a multi-service access platform, the MA5680T s multiple access modes to suit various network scenarios in different environments. The MA5680T provides the following network solutions: 2.6.1
FTTx network application
The MA5680T s the FTTH, FTTB, and FTTC network applications. Through FTTH, FTTB, and FTTC, the MA5680T meets the network requirements of the scattered new high-end buildings or villas, and the network requirements of populous apartments and small enterprise and institution office buildings. 2.6.2
Mobile bearer network application
The MA5680T s the mobile bearer network application, which converges the fixed network and mobile network on the bearer plane, helps save the CAPEX and OPEX, and implements the evolution of IP-based network. The MA5680T s the 1588 V2 clock, which provides the clock synchronization function with a higher precision for the mobile bearer network. 2.6.3
TDM private line network application
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The MA5680T s the TDM private line network application, which protects the investments of s on the existing network. The following scenarios are ed: – Terminating the SAToP(Structure-Agnostic TDM over Packet) and transmitting the service upstream in the E1/STM-1 mode – Terminating the native TDM and transmitting the service upstream in the E1/STM-1 mode – Terminating the native TDM and transmitting the service upstream in the SAToP mode NOTE In the MA5680T system, the TDM Pseudo Wire Emulation Edge-to-Edge (PWE3) technology is used to interconnect the traditional TDM network with the packet switched network (PSN). In this manner, the resources are shared, the network is expanded, and the all IP architecture is implemented .
2.6.4
MSTP network application
The MA5680T s the MSTP network application, providing redundant links with a better load balancing function, which is applicable to all the networks with the service protection requirement. 2.6.5
QinQ network application
The MA5680T s the QinQ network application. This application saves the public VLAN ID resources and implements the transparent transmission of private VLANs to the public network. 2.6.6
VLAN stacking network application
The MA5680T s VLAN stacking network application to implement the VLAN extended service and multi-ISP wholesale service. 2.6.7
Triple play network application
The powerful service processing capability of the MA5680T helps provide voice,data and video services to s simultaneously with guaranteed QoS.
2.7
Operable IPTV Service
The MA5680T has a powerful service switching capacity, packet forwarding capability, and high integration of data switching and management, which lays a foundation for operable and manageable multicast services. The MA5680T provides flexible multicast solutions by ing Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) V2/V3 on the side interface and the network side interface. This lays the foundation for operability and manageability of broadband multicast services.
2.8
Carrier-Class Reliability
The system reliability is taken into consideration in the system, hardware, and software designs to ensure reliable running of the MA5680T. 2.8.1
System Design The MA5680T has the following features on system design:
Compliance with carrier-class reliability design
Comprehensive exception handling capability
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Self-healing
Electrostatic discharge (ESD) test ed
Lightning protection and anti-interference functions
Diverse alarm information for quick detection and rectification of faults that occur during the service provisioning of the device
Remote maintenance
Strictly selected components that improve the reliability of the device Fault pre-warning on the exhaustive units and parts, such as the fan, power supply, and battery
Bidirectional forwarding detection (BFD)- This implements the quick detection of the communication faults between adjacent systems. In the case of a fault, an alternative channel can be quickly set up or the service can be quickly switched to other links.
Optical line protection- The system s the 1+1 (type B) protection for the PON port and the 50 ms level service protection switching for the backbone optical fiber.
In-service upgrade
High temperature detection
The system s the functions of querying the board temperature, setting the temperature threshold, and high temperature shutdown.
2.8.2
Hardware Design The MA5680T has the following features on hardware design:
The control board and the upstream interface board 1+1 redundancy backup.
All service boards and the control boards are hot swappable.
The power modules of the boards in the shelf have soft-start circuit and protective circuit and provide current-limit and short circuit protection. This enables the boards to resist lightning strikes and surges.
The communication system adopts a redundancy design and provides outband channels for communication between the boards.
The system provides a backup channel for the hardware control channel.
2.8.3
Software Design The MA5680T has the following features on software design:
Compliance with the modularized and platform-based design concept, and loosely coupled design for each software module
Advanced design principles, such as object-orientation, error tolerance, error correction, and automatic recovery
Compliance with the capability maturity model (CMM)
In-service software upgrade
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2.8.4
Power Supply Design The MA5680T has the following features on power supply design:
The power system adopts a redundancy design, and provides dual -48/-60 VDC inputs to two PRTE power interface boards to supply power to the shelf.
The power interface board has the protective circuit to ensure the service consistency when the power supply of the board is faulty.
The system s input/output current-limiting protection.
The system s the reporting of the monitoring information, and remote control to improve the system reliability.
2.8.5
Heat Dissipation Design The MA5680T has the following features on heat dissipation design:
The heat dissipation system adopts a redundancy design, ensuring normal service operation when one fan is faulty.
The host software s fan speed adjustment.
The fan tray provides the fault alarm port for the optical coupling isolation parameter to report the fault information.
To lower the power consumption and heat consumption of the system and achieve an optimal energy conservation effect, the MA5680T provides the following functions: – High temperature control function for the board – Stepless speed adjustment of fans based on the component temperature
2.8.6
Networking Redundancy Design The MA5680T has the following features on networking redundancy design:
3.0
Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol (MSTP) protection and trunk function on FE/GE ports. When a link is faulty, MSTP provides a loop free connected network.
GPON Type B OLT dual homing
Smart link and monitor link for the network with dual upstream channels
Network-side ETH OAM and t switchover
Protection switching of the STM-1 ports when the STM-1 port is used for the upstream transmission
Inter-board protection for multiple GE upstream boards (The upstream board must be the ETHB board or the SPUA board.)
Hardware Architecture
The N63E-22 cabinet adopts the DC power and two service shelves can be installed in the cabinet. The ETSI service shelf provides 23 slots, and has a fan tray at the top. The shelf is
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installed in the cabinet through the mounting brackets. The ETSI service shelf provides 16 slots for service boards and two slots for control boards.
Figure 2 Appearance Cabinet and sub-rack The ETSI service shelf provides 16 slots for service boards and two slots for control boards. The ETSI service shelf provides 23 slots. The first slot (from left to right) can house two power interface boards and one BIUA board or CITD board, and the last slot can house two uplink interface boards. Figure 3 shows the configuration of boards in the ETSI service shelf. Table 1 lists the applicable boards.
Figure 3 Configuration of boards in the ETSI service shelf BRBRAITT, Jabalpur
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Slots 1–8 and 11–18 are for the service boards.
Slots 9 and 10 are for the main control boards (SCU boards).
The rightmost consists of two parts. The upper part (slot 19) and the lower part (slot 20) are general interface slots (GIU) to provide uplink ports. Table 1 Boards in the ETSI service shelf
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4.0
Board Overview
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Table 2 lists the type, silk screen, full name, and function of the boards ed by the MA5680T. All the boards listed in Table 2-3 -48 V and -60 V power supplies. This topic uses the -48 V power supply as an example. Table 2 Boards ed by the MA5680T Board Type
Silk Screen
Full Name
Function
Control board
SCUL
Super control unit
System control and management unit Local and remote maintenance Active/standby switchover GE or 10GE channel to the service board Environmental monitoring parameters Configured with the CKMA clock subboard that works with the BITS interface board to implement the clock phase-lock function Clock synchronization VoIP logical subboard
Service
GPBC
Board
4-port interface
GPON Four GPON ports Up to 64 ONTs for each GPON port
board GPBD
8-port interface
GPON Eight GPON SFP ports (one-fiber bidirectional port)
board
Up to 128 ONTs for each GPON port Class B+ and transceivers
class
C+
optical
Querying the temperature and powering off the board in case of a high temperature CSPA
SATop TDM service processing board
SAToP processing of 64 channels of E1 signals Active/standby switchover or load sharing of the control boards l 8 kHz clock channel from the CSPA board to the backplane, which is used to transmit the clock signals recovered from the
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service to the control board Providing one 10GE attachment unit interface (XAUI) to each control board Querying the temperature and powering off the board in case of a high temperature SPUA
High-performance
Switching capacity of 40 G
service processing
Eight GE ports and two 10GE ports on the front
board
SFP interface Converging the ETH access services Enhanced L2 functions such as the S+C forwarding Querying the temperature and powering off the board in case of a high temperature SPUB
MPLS service
5G MPLS function for each slot
processing board
One 10GE attachment unit interface (XAUI) to each control board Active/standby switchover and load sharing of the control boards Querying the temperature and powering off the board in case of a high temperature MA5680T
TOPA
TDM service board
Native TDM function CESoP function (when the EH1A/ CSSA subboard is configured) TDM signal upstream transmission through the E1 port (when the NH1A/EH1A subboard is configured) TDM signal upstream transmission through the STM-1 optical port (when the O2CE/CSSA subboard is configured)
OPFA
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16-channel FE 16-channels of FE optical signals optical service board Page
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Base station backhaul and transmission of the synchronous Ethernet clock signals Ethernet board
service ETHB
Ethernet subtending
Ethernet upstream transmission Ethernet subtending Eight SFP GE optical transceiver or GE electrical ports Inter-board aggregation Load sharing and redundancy protection
Uplink
GICF
2-channel GE uplink Upstream transmission or subtending optical interface Two GE optical ports board
GICG
2-channel GE uplink Upstream transmission or subtending electrical interface Two GE electrical ports
GICK
2-channel GE uplink Upstream transmission and subtending optical/electrical Two SFP GE optical/electrical ports (auto-adaptation)
interface board
Ethernet clock synchronization Compliance with IEEE GICD
4-channel optical board
GE Upstream transmission or subtending interface Four GE ports
GICE
4-channel electrical board
GE The GICD board s four GE interface optical ports
X1CA
1-channel optical board
10GE One 10GE upstream or subtending interface optical port
X2CA
2-channel optical
10GE Two 10GE upstream or subtending optical ports
The GICE board s four GE electrical ports
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X2CS
10GE Two 10GE upstream ports
2-channel optical interface board
Universal interface board
CITD
Universal board
10GE synchronization Ethernet
interface Seven inputs of alarm digital parameters and one output of digital controlling parameters Two BITS inputs and one BITS output
Clock board
BIUA
Clock board
Two standard BITS clock inputs and one standard BITS clock output Input and output of 2 MHz and E1 signals Tracing the input clock source of the two channels of BITS clock or tracing the output clock source of the control board Multiple working modes, such tracing, holdover, and free-run
Power board
PRTE
as
DC Power interface One -48 V power input board Filtering and current-limiting for the input power Under-voltage detection, detection of whether the input power exists, and fault detection Alarm report and presence signal report ALARM LED
5.0
ONTs (Optical Network Terminal)
HG850a is an indoor optical network terminal (ONT) at the gigabit-capable ive optical network (GPON) access layer, designed for home s and SOHO s. Adopting the GPON technology, the HG850a connects the home s and SOHO s to the Internet through the optical upstream port. On the local area network (LAN) side, the HG850a provides abundant hardware ports to meet multiple networking requirements of home s and SOHO s. At the same time, based on the IP network, the HG850a can provide you with the voice over IP (VoIP) service, the Modem over IP (MoIP) and the fax over IP (FoIP) service of high quality and low cost. Thus, you can enjoy the quality voice service, superior video service, and high-speed data service. The HG850a s the ONT management and control interface (OMCI) technology, which facilitates the automatic service provision remotely by service providers, and the remote BRBRAITT, Jabalpur
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maintenance and management by network maintenance staff. Figure 1 shows the appearance and the ports on the HG850a.
Figure 4 appearance and the ports on the HG850a Table 3 describes the ports on the HG850a. Table 3 Interface
Function
OPTICAL
GPON port. It is used to connect with an optical fiber for upstream transmission. The type of the optical connector connected to the OPTICAL port is SC/APC, and the type of the optical connector connected to the optical in the wall is determined according to actual conditions.
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LAN1-LAN4
Ethernet ports. They are used to connect the network devices (such as the PC, STB, or switch). The four Ethernet ports can be used at the same time.
TEL1-TEL2
VoIP telephone ports. They are used to connect the telephone set or fax machine to provide the IP telephone service and fax service. The two VoIP telephone ports can be used at the same time.
POWER
Power port. It is a power port connected to the power adapter or batteries.
ON/OFF
On/Off switch, used to power on or power off the HG850a.
Network Applications 4.1 FTTx Network Applications The MA5680T cooperates with the ONT or other ONUs to multiple FTTx network applications. Through FTTH, the MA5680T meets the network requirements of the scattered new high-end buildings or villas; through FTTB, the MA5680T meets the network requirements of populous apartments and small enterprise and institution office buildings; through FTTC, the MA5680T meets the network requirements of residential neighborhoods. Service Description The MA5680T s multiple FTTx network requirements: l The MA5680T s the FTTH network application. Through FTTH, the MA5680T uses a single optical fiber to provide the voice, data, and video services for the scattered new high-end buildings or villas. l The MA5680T s the FTTB network application. Intended for the building where twisted pair cables are routed, the MA5680T provides the voice, data, and video services for the community s through FTTB by connecting to an ONT or another ONU in the downstream direction. The ONT or ONU then distributes the services to each through the twisted pair cables. An FTTB network is suitable for high-density apartments and small enterprise office buildings. l The MA5680T s the FTTC network application. The MA5680T provides the voice, data, and video services for the community s through FTTC by connecting to the MDU in the downstream direction. The MDU then distributes the services to each through BRBRAITT, Jabalpur
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the twisted pair cables. Example Network Figure 4-1 shows an example network of FTTx.
BRAS: broadband remote access server MG: media gateway ONT: optical network terminal STB: set top box MDU: multi-dwelling unit Network Description l VoIP service After ing through the ONT, the VoIP packets reach the MA5680T. The MA5680T then transmits the packets to the NGN network, or to the PSTN network through an MG. Data service The PCs are connected to the MA5680T through the ONTs. The PCs are then connected to the IP network through the BRAS. BRBRAITT, Jabalpur
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l Video service The video traffic is sent to the ONTs in the IPTV or cable television (CATV) mode. Video services in the IPTV and CATV modes are described as follows: – IPTV In the IPTV mode, the video service is delivered over IP multicast traffic, supplying s with various programs. The MA5680T manages the multicast rights and programs based on IGMP proxy and controllable multicast. After the s have ed the authentication of the MA5680T, the MA5680T transmits the IGMP protocol packets to the device at the convergence layer. The multicast server transmits the video traffic to the MA5680T through the backbone network and the convergence network. The MA5680T forwards the traffic to the terminals based on the authentication results. At the end, the STB terminates video signals, performs media conversion, and controls program switching. – CATV Through the electrical-to-optical conversion, video streams are converted into downstream optical waves, and then superposed with downstream optical waves of the GPON in the wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) mode. The superposed waves are transmitted to the ONT in the downstream direction through an optical fiber. Then the ONT separates the video signals from the waves, and sends the signals to the TV. In this manner, the video service is implemented. 4.2 Mobile Bearer Network Application The MA5680T s the mobile bearer network application, which converges the fixed network and mobile network on the bearer plane, helps to save the CAPEX and OPEX, and implements the evolution of IP-based network. Service Description To address the growing number of mobile s and increasing demand for the mobile data and video services, 3G mobile stations need to be expanded to provide high bandwidth. Compared with the SDH/ATM private line technologies, the IP return transmission technology of the MA5680T not only provides an easy return transmission solution for base stations, but also helps to save the cost for base station return transmission to a great extent. In the mobile bearer network application, the IP-based return transmission technology is adopted BRBRAITT, Jabalpur
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as a replacement of the TDM-based or ATM-based return transmission technology to implement the integration of fixed and mobile networks at the bearer layer. In this way, the need to maintain only one network helps to reduce the CAPEX and OPEX, thus facilitating the evolution to an all-IP network. Example Network Figure 4-2 shows the mobile bearer network application.
Network Description The mobile bearer network application has the following features: l The base station adopts distributed mode, and provides IP ports and EI ports. – The base station adopts distributed mode. The voice service is transmitted upstream through the E1 ports, and the data service is transmitted upstream through the IP ports. – The voice service requires small bandwidth; therefore, usually one or two E1 ports are required. The data service requires high bandwidth; therefore, the base station adopts BRBRAITT, Jabalpur
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IP port for data service transmission, thus improving the bandwidth utilization for the upstream data service. l The base station does not adopt the distributed mode. – For a large number of legacy base stations and base stations that are currently under construction, IP upstream connection is not adopted, and only E1 ports are used for upstream transmission – The E1 ports must PWE3 to facilitate service bearing over an IP network. The MA5680T s the clock in the mobile bearer network. l The MA5680T obtains the clock information from the BITS, and transmits the clock information to the downstream mobile base stations through the ONT. In this manner, clock synchronization is maintained between the base station, the BSC and the RNC, thus ensuring that the end s are not affected during a service switchover between base stations. l The MA5680T s the BC mode of the 1588 V2 clock model. The MA5680T works with the ONU to provide clock information to the base station, thus ensuring the highprecision clock frequency and phase synchronization. 4.3 TDM Private Line Network Application The MA5680T s the TDM private line network application, which protects the investment on the traditional TDM network and implements the all IP architecture. Service Description The MA5680T s the TDM private line network application. The following network applications are ed: l Terminating the circuit-emulation service over packet (SAToP) and transmitting the service upstream in the E1/STM-1 mode l Terminating the native TDM and transmitting the service upstream in the E1/STM-1 mode l Terminating the native TDM and transmitting the service upstream in the SAToP mode Terminating the SAToP and Transmitting the Service Upstream in the E1/STM-1 Mode Figure 4-3 shows the network application for terminating the SAToP(Structure-Agnostic TDM over Packet) and transmitting the service upstream in the E1/STM-1 mode Figure 4-3 Network application for terminating the SAToP and transmitting the service upstream in the E1/STM-1 mode
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In the upstream direction, the ONT encapsulates the E1 service into the PON frame in the format of SAToP packet, and the PON network transmits the PON frame to the MA5680T that functions as an OLT. The MA5680T decapsulates the SAToP packet and the E1 service, and then the MA5680T can provide the E1 for connecting to the upper-layer TDM network and the STM-1 port for connecting to the SDH network.. In the downstream direction, the TDM network service is transmitted to the MA5680T through the E1/STM-1 port. The MA5680T converts the E1/STM-1 service stream into the SAToP packet, and then encapsulates the SAToP packet into the PON frame. Then, the PON network transmits the PON frame to the corresponding ONT, and the ONT decapsulates the E1 service. Terminating the Native TDM and Transmitting the Service Upstream in the E1/ STM-1 Mode Figure 4-4 shows the network application for terminating the native TDM and transmitting the service upstream in the E1/STM-1 mode. Figure 4-4 Network application for terminating the Native TDM and transmitting the service upstream in the E1/STM-1 mode
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Network description: The TDM service of the base station and enterprise s can be accessed through the E1 port of the ONT, and the ONT transmits the Ethernet service and TDM service upstream to the OLT simultaneously. The OLT identifies and forwards the Ethernet service and TDM service, transmitting them to the upper-layer IP network and TDM network respectively. The OLT can provide the E1 for connecting to the upper-layer TDM network and the STM-1 port for connecting to the SDH network. Terminating the Native TDM and Transmitting the Service Upstream in the SAToP Mode Figure 4-5 shows the network application for terminating the native TDM and transmitting the service upstream in the SAToP mode. Figure 4-5 Network application for terminating the Native TDM and transmitting the service upstream in the SAToP mode
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Network description: The mobile 2G base station is connected to the ONT through the TDM E1 port, and the ONT encapsulates the TDM packets into the GPON GEM frame directly to implement TDM service transmission over the GPON network (native TDM). The OLT converts the native TDM service into SAToP packets, and finally transmits the traffic stream to the peer end over the PSN. (The device at the peer end must have the corresponding TDM PWE3 function.) In this manner, the traditional TDM service can be transmitted over the PSN, and the all IP architecture of the entire network is implemented. 4.4 MSTP Network Application The MA5680T s the MSTP network application, providing redundant links with a better load balancing function, which is applicable to all the networks with the service protection requirement. Service Description The Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol (MSTP) is compatible with the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) and Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP). In addition, MSTP can remedy the drawback of STP and RSTP. MSTP s quick booting, and can also provide enhanced load balancing function for redundant links. MSTP is applicable to a network with the service-protection requirement. Example Network Figure 4-6 shows the MSTP network application. Figure 4-6 MSTP network application
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Network Description The MA5680Ts form an MSTP network, which meets the service-protection requirement and saves the optical fiber resources. In addition, the spanning tree instance can be configured according to the VLAN to implement the load balancing for upstream ports. It is not recommended that you build an MSTP network at major nodes with a large number of s because an MSTP network requires the switchover time and has restrictions on the number of MAC addresses. 4.5 QinQ Network Application BRBRAITT, Jabalpur
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The MA5680T s the QinQ network application. This application saves the public VLAN ID resources and implements the transparent transmission of private VLANs to the public network. Service Description The 802.1q in 802.1q (QinQ) application s allocation of public VLAN IDs to packets that have VLAN tags so that the packets can be transmitted in the backbone network by using the public VLAN IDs. In this way, public VLAN ID resources are saved to a great extent, and the P2P interconnection between private line s across the MAN is facilitated. Example Network Figure 4-7 shows the QinQ network application. Figure 4-7 QinQ network application
Network Description In the QinQ application, the packets transmitted in the backbone network have two layers of VLAN tags: a public VLAN tag and a private VLAN tag. l On the side of the MA5680T The enterprise s are connected to the MA5680T through the ONT and the traffic is delivered in the VLAN mode. The s of VLAN 1 and VLAN 2 are connected to the MA5680T. The MA5680T allocates a public VLAN ID (VLAN 3 with the QinQ attribute) to the packets, and forwards the packets to the upper-layer network. BRBRAITT, Jabalpur
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l On the network side of the MA5680T In the backbone network, the packets are transmitted based on the public VLAN ID. After the packets reach the MA5680T on the other side of the backbone network, the MA5680T removes the public VLAN tag from the packets, and es the packets to the side device. In the QinQ application, the transparent transmission of the private VLAN in the public network is ed and public VLAN ID resources are saved. A simple two-layer virtual private network (VPN) channel is provided to implement the function of transparent transmission of private VLANs and services to the peer end and to expand the private network. 4.6 VLAN Stacking Network Application The MA5680T s VLAN stacking network application to implement the VLAN extended service and multi-ISP wholesale service. Service Description l VLAN extension: This is used to increase the number of VLANs and identify s. l Multi-ISP wholesale service: The upper-layer network works in L2 working mode and the packets are directly transmitted according to the VLAN and the MAC address. VLAN stacking is similar to QinQ in implementation, but the packet of VLAN stacking is encapsulated with two VLAN tags and the packet of QinQ is encapsulated with one VLAN tag. Example Network Figure 4-8 shows the VLAN stacking network application. Figure 4-8 VLAN stacking network application
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Network Description In the VLAN stacking application, the BRAS must authenticate both layers of VLAN tags. When a packet reaches the MA5680T, it is tagged with two VLAN tags (outer VLAN and inner VLAN), and then transmitted to the associated ISP based on the outer VLAN tag. The is identified by the inner VLAN tag. The VLAN stacking application ensures that the VLANs can be reused, and realizes the multiIPS wholesale service. 4.7 Triple Play Network Application The powerful service processing capability of the MA5680T helps to provide data and video services to s simultaneously with guaranteed QoS. Service Description The MA5680T s the following triple play solutions: l GPON: Triple play solution through multiple GEM ports Different GEM ports are used to differentiate different traffic streams. Different traffic streams are mapped to different GEM ports according to the VLAN ID, BRBRAITT, Jabalpur
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802.1p, or physical port, and then sent to the MA5680T for processing. l GPON: Triple play solution through a single GEM port The MA5680T differentiates the service streams according to the Ethernet type of the side packet, VLAN ID at the side, or 802.1p domain at the side, and then controls the traffic streams. The current ONT need not be re-configured, which saves the GEM port resources. Example Network Figure 4-9 shows the triple play network application. Figure 4-9 Triple play network application
BRAS: broadband remote access server MG: media gateway ONT: optical network terminal STB: set top box Network Description l VoIP service After ing through the ONT, the VoIP packets reach the MA5680T. The MA5680T then transmits the packets to the NGN network, or to the PSTN network through an MG. l Data service The ONTs are connected to the MA5680T. The packets from the ONTs are transmitted upstream to the IP network after being processed by the BRAS. l Video service – The video service is delivered over IP multicast traffic, providing s with various BRBRAITT, Jabalpur
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programs. – The IGMP proxy control packets are transmitted to the upstream multicast server by the MA5680T, thus implementing the management on the multicast s and programs. – The video traffic stream is transmitted to the MA5680T by the multicast server, and the MA5680T forwards the traffic stream transparently to the multicast s. On the terminal, the video signals are terminated and the media is converted on the set top box (STB). In addition, the STB controls the program switching. Through the triple play network application, the access mode of multiple services can be implemented simultaneously on the same terminal. 2.0 Fiber To The x (FTTx) Today, fiber networks come in many varieties, depending on the termination point: building (FTTB), home (FTTH), curb (FTTC) etc. For simplicity, most people have begun to refer to the fiber network as FTTx, in which x stands for the termination point. As telecommunications providers consider the best method for delivering fiber to their subscribers, they have a variety of FTTx architectures to consider. FTTH, FTTB, and FTTC each have different configurations and characteristics. 2.1 FTTH (Fiber To The Home): FTTH is now a cost-effective alternative to the traditional copper loop. “Fiber to the Home” is defined as a telecommunications architecture in which a communications path is provided over optical fiber cables extending from an Optical Line Terminal (OLT) unit located in central office (CO) connects to an Optical Network Terminal (ONT) at each premise. Both OLTs and ONTs are active devices. This communications path is provided for the purpose of carrying telecommunications traffic to one or more subscribers and for one or more services (for example Internet Access, Telephony and/or Video-Television). FTTH consists of a single optical fiber cable from the base station to the home. The optical/electrical signals are converted and connection to the ’s PC via an Ethernet card. FTTH is the final configuration of access networks using optical fiber cable.
Fig. 1 FTTH Configuration BRBRAITT, Jabalpur
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2.2 FTTB (Fiber To The Building): “Fiber to the Building” is defined as a telecommunications architecture in which a communications path is provided over optical fiber cables extending from an Optical Line Terminal (OLT) unit located in central office (CO) connects to an Optical Network Unit (ONU at the boundary of the apartment or office or building enclosing the home or business of the subscriber or set of subscribers, but where the optical fiber terminates before reaching the home living space or business office space and where the access path continues to the subscriber over a physical medium other than optical fiber (for example copper loops).
Fig. 2 FTTB Configuration FTTB regarded as a transitional stage to FTTH. By introducing fiber cables from the fiber termination point to the home living space or business office space FTTB can be converted to full FTTH. Such a conversion is desirable as FTTH provides better capacity and longevity than FTTB. Optical fiber cable is installed up to the metallic cable installed within the building. A LAN or existing telephone metallic cable is then used to connect to the . 2.3 FTTC (Fiber To The Curb): A method of installing optical fiber cable by the curb near the ’s home. An optical communications system is then used between the ONU installed outside (such as near the curb or on Street Cabinet) from the installation center. Finally, copper cable is used between the ONU and .
Fig.3 FTTC Configuration 3.0 Why FTTH? FTTH is a true multi-service communications access which simultaneously handles several phone calls, TV/video streams, and Internet s in the home/office. There are several advantages of deploying FTTH over other traditional access technologies as given below: BRBRAITT, Jabalpur
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FTTH provides end-s with a broad range of communications and entertainment services, and faster activation of new services.
Competition is beginning to offer a “multi-play” (i.e., voice, video, data etc) bundle.
FTTH provides Service Provider’s with the ability to provide “cutting edge” technology and “best-in-class” services.
Deploying a fiber optic cable to each premise will provide an extraordinary amount of bandwidth for future services.
FTTH provides carriers with an opportunity to increase the average revenues per (ARPU), to reduce the capital investment required to deliver multiple services, and to lower the costs of operating networks (fewer outdoor electronics, remote management, ..) will result in less operational expense.
FTTH provides the community in which it’s located with superior communications which enhance the efficiency of local business and thus deliver economic advantage for the community.
Around the world FTTH is viewed as strategic national infrastructure similar to roads, railways, and telephone networks.
4.0 Technology Options for FTTH Architecture: When deciding which architecture to select a provider has many things to consider including the existing outside plant, network location, the cost of deploying the network, subscriber density and the return on investment (ROI). At present different technology options are available for FTTH architecture .The network can be installed as an active optical network, or a ive optical network (PON). 4.1 Active Optical Network The active optical network implementation is known as the “Active Node” and is simply described as a “point-to-point” solution. Subscribers are provided a dedicated optical cable and the distribution points are handled by active optical equipment. These active architectures have been setup as either “Home Run Fiber” or “Active Star Ethernet”. 4.1.1 Home Run Fiber (Point-to-Point) Architecture A Home Run Fiber architecture is one in which a dedicated fiber line is connected at the central office (CO) to a piece of equipment called an Optical Line Terminator (OLT). At the end location, the other side of the dedicated fiber connects to an Optical Network Terminal (ONT). Both OLTs and ONTs are active, or powered, devices, and each is equipped with an optical laser The Home Run fiber solution offers the most bandwidth for an end and, therefore, also offers the greatest potential for growth. Over the long term Home Run Fiber is the most flexible architecture; however, it may be less attractive when the physical layer costs are considered. Because a dedicated fiber is deployed to each premise, Home Run Fiber requires the installation of much more fiber than other options, with each fiber running the entire distance between the subscriber and the CO.
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Fig. 4 Home Run Fiber (Point-to-Point) architecture 4.1.2 Active Star Ethernet (Point-to-Multi Point) Architecture Active Star Ethernet (ASE) architecture is a point-to-Multi-point architecture in which multiple premises share one feeder fiber through a Ethernet switch located between the CO and the served premises.
Fig. 5 Active Star Ethernet (ASE) architecture With Active Star Ethernet (ASE) architecture, end s still get a dedicated fiber to their location; however, the fiber runs between their location and Ethernet switch. Like Home Run Fiber, subscribers can be located as far away from the Ethernet switch and each subscriber is provided a dedicated “pipe” that provides full bidirectional bandwidth. Active Star Ethernet reduces the amount of fiber deployed; lowering costs through the sharing of fiber. 4.2 ive Optical Network (Point-to-Multipoint) Architecture The key interface points of PON are in the central office equipment, called the OLT for optical line terminal, and the E, called ONU for optical network unit (for EPON) and ONT for optical network terminal (for GPON). Regardless of nomenclature, the important difference between OLT and ONT devices is their purpose. OLT devices management functions and manage maximum up to 128 downstream links. In practice, it is common for only 8 to 32 ports to be linked to a single OLT in the central office. On the other hand the ONT (or ONU) devices in the E only their own link to the central office. Consequently, the ONT/ONU devices are much less expensive while the OLTs tend to be more capable and therefore more expensive. 1. OLT: The OLT resides in the Central Office (CO). The OLT system provides aggregation and switching functionality between the core network (various network interfaces) and PON interfaces. The network interface of the OLT is typically connected to the IP network and BRBRAITT, Jabalpur
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backbone of the network operator. Multiple services are provided to the access network through this interface,.
Fig. 6 PON Architecture 2. ONU/ONT: This provides access to the s i.e. an External Plant / Customer Premises equipment providing interface for many/single customer. The access node installed within premises for network termination is termed as ONT. Whereas access node installed at other locations i.e. curb/cabinet/building, are known as ONU. The ONU/ONT provide, interfaces (UNI) towards the customers and uplink interfaces to uplink local traffic towards OLT. 3. PON: Distributed or single staged ive optical splitters/combiners provides connectivity between OLT & multiple ONU/ONTs through one or two optical fibers. Optical splitters are capable of providing up to 1:64 optical split, on end to end basis. These are available in various options like 1:4, 1:8, 1:16, 1:32 and 1:64. 4. NMS: Management of the complete PON system from OLT.
One OLT serves multiple ONU/ONTs through PON
TDM/TDMA protocol between OLT & ONT
Single Fiber/ Dual Fiber to be used for upstream & downstream
Provision to protection for taking care of fiber cuts, card failure etc.
Maximum Split Ratio of 1:64
Typical distance between OLT & ONT can be greater than 15Km (with unequal splitting - up-to 35Km)
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Downstream transmission I.e. from OLT to ONU/ONT is usually TDM
Upstream traffic I.e. from ONU/ONT to OLT is usually TDMA
PON system may be symmetrical or asymmetrical
PON and fiber infrastructure can also be used for ing any one way distributive services e.g. video at a different wavelength
PON is configured in full duplex mode in a single fiber point to multipoint (P2MP) topology. Subscribers see traffic only from the head end, and not from each other. The OLT (head end) allows only one subscriber at a time to transmit using the Time Division Multiplex Access (TDMA) protocol. PON systems use optical splitter architecture, multiplexing signals with different wavelengths for downstream and upstream. There are two common splitter configurations are being used for PON architecture i.e. centralized and the cascaded approaches. A. Centralized Splitter Approach In Centralized Splitter Approach typically uses a 1x32 splitter in an outside plant enclosure, such as a fiber distribution terminal. In the case of a 1x32 splitter, each device is connected to an OLT in the central office. In this approach, optical splitters are concentrated in a single location from which all customer’s optical network terminals (ONTs) at 32 homes are connected as shown in fig. 7.
Fig. 7 Centralized Splitter Approach B. Cascaded Splitter Approach A cascaded split configuration results in pushing splitters deeper into the network as shown in fig.8. ive Optical Networks (PONs) utilize splitter assemblies to increase the number of homes fed from a single fibre. In a Cascaded PON, there will be more than one splitter location in the pathway from central office to customer. Currently, standard splitter formats range from 1 x 2, 1 x 4, 1 x 8, 1 x 16 and 1 x 32 so a network might use a 1 x 4 splitter leading to a 1 x 8 splitter further downstream in four separate locations. Optimally, there would eventually be 32 fibers reaching the ONTs of 32 homes.
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Fig.8 Cascaded Splitter Approach There are several “flavors” of PON technology, i.e. new access technology named APON (ATM ive Optical Network), BPON (Broadband ive Optical Networking), EPON (Ethernet ive Optical Networking) and GPON (Gigabit ive Optical Networking) which delivers gigabit-per-second bandwidths while offering the low cost and reliability. 4.2.1 APON ATM PON (APON) was standardized by the ITU in 1998 and was the first PON standard developed. It uses ATM principles as the transport method and s 622 Mbps downstream services and 155 Mbps upstream service shared between 32-64 splits over a maximum distance of 20 km. 4.2.2 BPON Shortly after APON, Broadband PON (BPON) followed and is very similar to APON. BPON also uses ATM, but it also boasts superior features for enhanced broadband services like video. BPON has the higher performance numbers then APON pre-splitting maximum of 1.2 Gbps downstream and 622 Mbps upstream. 4.2.3 EPON The IEEE standardized Ethernet PON (EPON) in the middle of 2004. It uses Ethernet encapsulation to transport data over the network. EPON operates at rates of 1.25Gbps both downstream and upstream (symmetrical), using 8B/10B encoding over a maximum reach of 20. EPON is also called now as Gigabit Ethernet PON (GE-PON). It is defined as a single fiber network using Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) operating at a wavelength of 1490 nm downstream and 1310 nm upstream. This leaves the 1550 nm window open for other services, such as analog video or private WDM circuits. 4.2.4 GPON Gigabit PON (GPON) is the next generation of PON’s from the line of APON and BPON. The ITU has approved standard G.984x for it. GPON will both ATM and Ethernet for Layer 2 data encapsulation so is clearly an attractive proposition. GPON s two methods of encapsulation: the ATM and GPON encapsulation method (GEM). GEM s a native transport of voice, video, and data without an added ATM or IP encapsulation layer. GPONs BRBRAITT, Jabalpur
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downstream rates as high as 2.5 Gbits/sec and an upstream rate from 155 Mbits/sec to 2.5 Gbits/sec. BSNL is procuring the GPON that will downstream rate 2.5Gbps and upstream 1.25 Gbps. 5.0
The features of different PON standard
Features
BPON
GPON
EPON
Responsible Standard body
FSAN & ITU-T SG15
FSAN & ITU-T SG15
IEEE 802.3ah
(G-983 Series)
(G-984 Series)
Bandwidth
Down Stream up to 622 Down Stream up to 2.5 Down Stream up to Mbps Gbps 1.25 Gbps Up Stream up to 155.52 Up Stream up to 2.5 Up Stream up to 1.25 Mbps Gbps Gbps
Downstream ג
1490 nm & 1550 nm
1490 nm & 1550 nm
1490 nm
Upstream ג
1310 nm
1310 nm
1310 nm
Layer-2 Protocols
ATM
ATM, Ethernet, over GEM
Frame
ATM
GPON Method
TDM Ethernet
Encapsulation Ethernet Frame
Max. Distance 20 km (OLT to ONU )
20 Km(s logical 10 and 20 Km. reach up to 60 Km)
Split Ratio
1:16, 1:32 and 1:64
1:16, 1:32 and 1:64
1:16 and 1:32
Line Codes
NRZ ( Scrambled )
NRZ ( Scrambled )
8B/10B
Downstream Security
AES: Advanced Encryption Standard -128 bit key
AES: Advanced Encryption Standard ( Counter mode)
Not Defined
FEC
None
Yes
Yes
No. of fibers
1 or 2
1 or 2
1
Protection Switching
multiple protection multiple configuration protection configuration
None
6.0 FTTH plan of BSNL: BSNL has planned 2 million FTTH network based on Gigabit Optical ive Network (GPON) and Gigabit Ethernet ive Optical Network (GEPON) up to 2010-11. The broadband, voice, data & video etc services will run on this network. All these services clubbed BRBRAITT, Jabalpur
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into a brand name “Next Generation Play Network (NGPN)”. These services will be rolled out in phase manner in three phases. In its first phase (2008-09) the projection is for 7.0 Lakhs customers out of which 5.5 Lakhs customers are proposed in A-Grade nearly 28 cities with GPON and 1.5 Lakhs customers are planned in B- Grade nearly 77 cities based on GEPON. The second phase (2009-10) of G-PON/GE-PON deployment can be extended to other cities also having OAN cable already laid as per the OAN target. Phase-II FTTH plan shall target 7,00,000 customers to be extended with fast Ethernet/ Gigabit Ethernet service to their buildings on Fibre. In the third phase (2010-11) Ethernet to the Home (ETTH) can be taken up in 198 cities and the total target of the FTTH deployment in 2010-11 shall be approximately 7, 50,000 customers. The FTTH plan proposal is made for commercial and technical aspects of the Fibre To The Home project. The total customer base on FTTH by March 2011 shall be 2 Millions. 7.0 Proposed Services on FTTH network of BSNL The first and foremost service proposed in the deployment of these PON technologies is to roll out the Next Generation Play Network (NGPN). The following services are proposed on the FTTH network: •
Basic internet Access Service controlled and uncontrolled from 256Kbps to 1000Mbps.
•
TV over IP Service (MPEG2).
•
Video on Demand (VoD)(MPEG4) play like VCR.
•
Audio on Demand Service
•
Bandwidth on Demand ( and or service configurable)
•
Remote Education
•
Point to Point and Point to Multi Point Video Conferencing, virtual classroom.
•
Voice and Video Telephony over IP: Connection under control of centrally located soft switches.
•
Interactive Gaming.
•
Layer 3 VPN
•
VPN on broadband
•
Dial up VPN Service
•
Virtual Private LAN Service (VPLS)
From the BSNL network point of view GPON, being the TDM based technology, shall integrate into the existing switching network. While the VOIP feature in the GE-PON provides easy migration path to the Next Generation Network (NGN) of the BSNL. Since TDM switches and the NGN are to coexist for up to 2015 as per the NGN vision plan both GPON and GE-PON are the most suitable PON technologies for BSNL.
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GPON System (M/s Huawei) 1.0 Introduction The GPON System (MA5680T) has multiple superior and advanced features such as ing 8 port GPON board, ing an optical ratio of 1:128 for the GPON system, ing the multi-GE upstream transmission and ing the multi-edge networking. The MA5680T provides the voice, data, and video services that feature large capacity, high rate, and high bandwidth. To be specific:
The MA5680T functions as an optical line terminal (OLT) in a GPON network to work with the optical network unit (ONU) and optical network terminal (ONT).
The MA5680T s rich network applications, such as FTTH, FTTB, and FTTC.
The MA5680T meets the network requirements of base station transmission, IP private line interconnection, and multi-ISP wholesale.
The MA5680T s the point-to-point (P2P) FE optical access.
Fig. 1 Equipment Position in Network BRAS: broadband remote access server CATV: cable TV PSTN: public switched telephone network MDU: multi-dwelling unit BRBRAITT, Jabalpur
STB: set top box ONT: optical network terminal MG: media gateway OLT: optical line terminal Page
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ONU: optical network unit
2.0
Features of GPON System
2.1
Standards-Compliant GPON Access Capability
The MA5680T s the GPON access, which effectively solves the bottleneck problem of the access through twisted pair cables and meets the requirements of s for highbandwidth services. 2.1.1
Strict Compliance with ITU-T Recommendations
The ITU-T G.984.x recommendations, including ITU-T G.984.1 to ITU-T G.984.4, define the following aspects for the GPON system:
GPON network architecture
Specification of physical parts
Protocol at the data link layer
Management and control interfaces
The MA5680T is designed in strict compliance with the ITU-T G.984.x recommendations. It is capable of working properly with GPON terminals of different vendors. 2.1.2
Bandwidth Allocation
The MA5680T s the static bandwidth allocation (SBA) and dynamic bandwidth allocation (DBA).
SBA guarantees that each ONT obtains a fixed bandwidth.
DBA guarantees that the bandwidth is dynamically allocated to the ONTs according to the change in traffic.
SBA and DBA a bandwidth control granularity of 64 kbit/s.
The MA5680T provides hierarchical bandwidth control in the upstream and downstream directions.
In the upstream direction, bandwidth is allocated to the s or the groups in the SBA and DBA modes based on the transmission container (T-CONT).
Up to 1K T-CONT/PON ports are ed.
In the upstream and downstream directions, accurate committed access rate (CAR) is performed based on the traffic stream.
The CAR based traffic stream s a 64 kbit/s bandwidth control accuracy.
2.1.3
High Rate
The system uses the ive optical transmission to solve the bandwidth bottleneck of the access over the twisted pair cables.
The system s the downstream rate of 2.488 Gbit/s and the upstream rate of 1.244 Gbit/s.
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2.1.4
The system provides a sufficient bandwidth that meets the current service requirements and guarantees provisioning of services with a higher bandwidth in the future. Long Distance
The MA5680T adopts the ive optical transmission to a long-reach service coverage, which the access technology over the twisted pair cables does not .
The maximum logical transmission distance is 60 km. The physical distance between the farthest ONT and the nearest ONT can be up to 20 km.
The MA5680T s the downstream forward error correction (FEC) to extend the transmission distance.
2.1.5
High Optical Split Ratio
The 8-port GPON access board s a high optical split ratio of 1:128. This helps to expand the system capacity and save fiber resources, thus facilitating the expansion of the network. 2.1.6
High Efficiency
All data is encapsulated as frames with a fixed length of 125 μs based on GPON encapsulation mode (GEM). This helps to reduce the overhead bytes and improve the transmission efficiency. When the upstream transmission bandwidth is 1.244 Gbit/s, the transmission efficiency reaches up to 93%. 2.1.7
High Density
The MA5680T provides the 8-port or 4-port GPON access board, which increases the system capacity.
2.2
Abundant Ports
The MA5680T provides various upstream ports, service ports and maintenance ports to adapt to different network environments. Table 1 lists the physical ports on the MA5680T. Table-1 Physical ports on the MA5680T Port Type
Port
Upstream port
GE optical/electrical port
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Description
All GE optical ports use the small form factor pluggable (SFP) optical transceivers. Through different SFP modules, the optical ports different transmission distances. Single-mode SFP transceivers and multi-mode SFP transceivers are available.
Multi-GE upstream transmission is ed to meet the multi-edge network requirements of the carrier.
10GE optical port
It provides the 10GE upstream transmission function
E1 port
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Service port
Maintenance port
2.3
STM-1 port
It s the upstream transmission through the STM-1 optical port and s the ESFP/SFP module.
GPON port
It provides the GPON access. It s a maximum upstream rate of 1.244 Gbit/s and a maximum downstream rate of 2.488 Gbit/s
P2P optical port
It provides the P2P Ethernet optical access at a rate of 100 Mbit/s.
Ethernet optical port
It provides the GE subtending function.
Maintenance serial port
It is used for local and remote Maintenance
Environment monitoring serial port
Various environment parameters are collected by the monitoring device and then through this port reported to the MA5680T.
Powerful QoS Capability
The MA5680T provides the following powerful quality of service (QoS) solutions to facilitate the management of different services: The MA5680T s the following powerful QoS capabilities:
Tags the data and network management streams with different ToS/DS priorities, thus providing a prioritized forwarding mechanism based on L3
Tags the data and network management streams with different 802.1p priorities, thus providing a prioritized forwarding mechanism based on L2
s L2-L7 traffic classification based on the port, VLAN, MAC address, IP address, T port number, or UDP port number
s priority control (based on the port, MAC address, IP address, T port number, or UDP port number), priority mapping and modification based on the ToS field and 802.1p, and DS differentiated services
s bandwidth control (based on the port, MAC address, IP address, T port number, or UDP port number) with a control granularity of 64 kbit/s
s the following QoS strategies based on traffic rules: –
Packet filtering
–
Packet redirection
–
Flow mirroring
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2.4
–
Traffic statistics
–
Traffic shaping
–
Bandwidth control
–
Priority tagging
s hierarchical quality of service (HQoS), which guarantees the multi-service bandwidths for multiple s: The first level guarantees the bandwidths, and the second level guarantees the bandwidths for the services of each . This ensures that the guaranteed bandwidths absolutely and the burst bandwidths fairly.
Large-Capacity Shared Platform
The MA5680T provides the large-capacity shared platform that features a high-speed switching capacity.
The switching capacity of the backplane reaches up to 3.2 Tbit/s.
The bidirectional switching capacity of the control board reaches up to 480 Gbit/s.
The GPBD board s eight GPON ports. The entire shelf s up to 8K ONTs.
Sharing the development platforms with Huawei broadband access devices, the MA5680T s the L2 and L3 features of the broadband access devices to provide oriented and future-oriented functions.
2.5
Strict Security
To meet the security requirements for carrier-class telecom services, the MA5680T provides the following features to ensure the security of the system and the . 2.5.1
System Security
Prevention of denial of service (DoS) attacks
Access control list (ACL)-based access control
Media access control (MAC) address filtering
Prevention of ICMP/IP packet attacks
Source address routing filtering
SNMP V3 for system management, providing a security mechanism based on the based security model (USM)
Secure data loading and backup through the Secure File Transfer Protocol (SFTP)
Remote authentication dial in service (RADIUS) authentication of maintenance and management staff
Hierarchical right control, that is, different rights for maintenance and management staff at different levels
Firewall black list
802.3ah:
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2.5.2
–
s transceiving and processing of Information OAMPDU packets to carry out OAM discovery and obtain the terminal vendor information.
–
s resolution of the received Event Notification OAMPDU packets.
Security
Layer 2 (L2) isolation and controlled mutual access
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DH) Option82 to enhance the DH security
Binding between MAC/IP addresses and ports
Policy Information Transfer Protocol (PITP) to identify s by the physical port information
Prevention of MAC spoofing and IP spoofing
Query of the IP address of a port by its MAC address
802.1X-based authentication, which prevents forgery and enhances accuracy of the billing in a wireline network
MAC/IP address binding based on the GEM port
Restriction on the number of MAC addresses based on the GEM port
Authentication based on the serial number (SN) and of the ONU/ONT
Encrypted broadcast transmission in the GPON downstream direction for different s, such as Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) 128-bit encryption
Setting the update period of the AES encryption key
2.6
Flexible Networking
As a multi-service access platform, the MA5680T s multiple access modes to suit various network scenarios in different environments. The MA5680T provides the following network solutions: 2.6.1
FTTx network application
The MA5680T s the FTTH, FTTB, and FTTC network applications. Through FTTH, FTTB, and FTTC, the MA5680T meets the network requirements of the scattered new high-end buildings or villas, and the network requirements of populous apartments and small enterprise and institution office buildings. 2.6.2
Mobile bearer network application
The MA5680T s the mobile bearer network application, which converges the fixed network and mobile network on the bearer plane, helps save the CAPEX and OPEX, and implements the evolution of IP-based network. The MA5680T s the 1588 V2 clock, which provides the clock synchronization function with a higher precision for the mobile bearer network. 2.6.3
TDM private line network application
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The MA5680T s the TDM private line network application, which protects the investments of s on the existing network. The following scenarios are ed: – Terminating the SAToP(Structure-Agnostic TDM over Packet) and transmitting the service upstream in the E1/STM-1 mode – Terminating the native TDM and transmitting the service upstream in the E1/STM-1 mode – Terminating the native TDM and transmitting the service upstream in the SAToP mode NOTE In the MA5680T system, the TDM Pseudo Wire Emulation Edge-to-Edge (PWE3) technology is used to interconnect the traditional TDM network with the packet switched network (PSN). In this manner, the resources are shared, the network is expanded, and the all IP architecture is implemented .
2.6.4
MSTP network application
The MA5680T s the MSTP network application, providing redundant links with a better load balancing function, which is applicable to all the networks with the service protection requirement. 2.6.5
QinQ network application
The MA5680T s the QinQ network application. This application saves the public VLAN ID resources and implements the transparent transmission of private VLANs to the public network. 2.6.6
VLAN stacking network application
The MA5680T s VLAN stacking network application to implement the VLAN extended service and multi-ISP wholesale service. 2.6.7
Triple play network application
The powerful service processing capability of the MA5680T helps provide voice,data and video services to s simultaneously with guaranteed QoS.
2.7
Operable IPTV Service
The MA5680T has a powerful service switching capacity, packet forwarding capability, and high integration of data switching and management, which lays a foundation for operable and manageable multicast services. The MA5680T provides flexible multicast solutions by ing Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) V2/V3 on the side interface and the network side interface. This lays the foundation for operability and manageability of broadband multicast services.
2.8
Carrier-Class Reliability
The system reliability is taken into consideration in the system, hardware, and software designs to ensure reliable running of the MA5680T. 2.8.1
System Design The MA5680T has the following features on system design:
Compliance with carrier-class reliability design
Comprehensive exception handling capability
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Self-healing
Electrostatic discharge (ESD) test ed
Lightning protection and anti-interference functions
Diverse alarm information for quick detection and rectification of faults that occur during the service provisioning of the device
Remote maintenance
Strictly selected components that improve the reliability of the device Fault pre-warning on the exhaustive units and parts, such as the fan, power supply, and battery
Bidirectional forwarding detection (BFD)- This implements the quick detection of the communication faults between adjacent systems. In the case of a fault, an alternative channel can be quickly set up or the service can be quickly switched to other links.
Optical line protection- The system s the 1+1 (type B) protection for the PON port and the 50 ms level service protection switching for the backbone optical fiber.
In-service upgrade
High temperature detection
The system s the functions of querying the board temperature, setting the temperature threshold, and high temperature shutdown.
2.8.2
Hardware Design The MA5680T has the following features on hardware design:
The control board and the upstream interface board 1+1 redundancy backup.
All service boards and the control boards are hot swappable.
The power modules of the boards in the shelf have soft-start circuit and protective circuit and provide current-limit and short circuit protection. This enables the boards to resist lightning strikes and surges.
The communication system adopts a redundancy design and provides outband channels for communication between the boards.
The system provides a backup channel for the hardware control channel.
2.8.3
Software Design The MA5680T has the following features on software design:
Compliance with the modularized and platform-based design concept, and loosely coupled design for each software module
Advanced design principles, such as object-orientation, error tolerance, error correction, and automatic recovery
Compliance with the capability maturity model (CMM)
In-service software upgrade
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2.8.4
Power Supply Design The MA5680T has the following features on power supply design:
The power system adopts a redundancy design, and provides dual -48/-60 VDC inputs to two PRTE power interface boards to supply power to the shelf.
The power interface board has the protective circuit to ensure the service consistency when the power supply of the board is faulty.
The system s input/output current-limiting protection.
The system s the reporting of the monitoring information, and remote control to improve the system reliability.
2.8.5
Heat Dissipation Design The MA5680T has the following features on heat dissipation design:
The heat dissipation system adopts a redundancy design, ensuring normal service operation when one fan is faulty.
The host software s fan speed adjustment.
The fan tray provides the fault alarm port for the optical coupling isolation parameter to report the fault information.
To lower the power consumption and heat consumption of the system and achieve an optimal energy conservation effect, the MA5680T provides the following functions: – High temperature control function for the board – Stepless speed adjustment of fans based on the component temperature
2.8.6
Networking Redundancy Design The MA5680T has the following features on networking redundancy design:
3.0
Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol (MSTP) protection and trunk function on FE/GE ports. When a link is faulty, MSTP provides a loop free connected network.
GPON Type B OLT dual homing
Smart link and monitor link for the network with dual upstream channels
Network-side ETH OAM and t switchover
Protection switching of the STM-1 ports when the STM-1 port is used for the upstream transmission
Inter-board protection for multiple GE upstream boards (The upstream board must be the ETHB board or the SPUA board.)
Hardware Architecture
The N63E-22 cabinet adopts the DC power and two service shelves can be installed in the cabinet. The ETSI service shelf provides 23 slots, and has a fan tray at the top. The shelf is
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installed in the cabinet through the mounting brackets. The ETSI service shelf provides 16 slots for service boards and two slots for control boards.
Figure 2 Appearance Cabinet and sub-rack The ETSI service shelf provides 16 slots for service boards and two slots for control boards. The ETSI service shelf provides 23 slots. The first slot (from left to right) can house two power interface boards and one BIUA board or CITD board, and the last slot can house two uplink interface boards. Figure 3 shows the configuration of boards in the ETSI service shelf. Table 1 lists the applicable boards.
Figure 3 Configuration of boards in the ETSI service shelf BRBRAITT, Jabalpur
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Slots 1–8 and 11–18 are for the service boards.
Slots 9 and 10 are for the main control boards (SCU boards).
The rightmost consists of two parts. The upper part (slot 19) and the lower part (slot 20) are general interface slots (GIU) to provide uplink ports. Table 1 Boards in the ETSI service shelf
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4.0
Board Overview
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Table 2 lists the type, silk screen, full name, and function of the boards ed by the MA5680T. All the boards listed in Table 2-3 -48 V and -60 V power supplies. This topic uses the -48 V power supply as an example. Table 2 Boards ed by the MA5680T Board Type
Silk Screen
Full Name
Function
Control board
SCUL
Super control unit
System control and management unit Local and remote maintenance Active/standby switchover GE or 10GE channel to the service board Environmental monitoring parameters Configured with the CKMA clock subboard that works with the BITS interface board to implement the clock phase-lock function Clock synchronization VoIP logical subboard
Service
GPBC
Board
4-port interface
GPON Four GPON ports Up to 64 ONTs for each GPON port
board GPBD
8-port interface
GPON Eight GPON SFP ports (one-fiber bidirectional port)
board
Up to 128 ONTs for each GPON port Class B+ and transceivers
class
C+
optical
Querying the temperature and powering off the board in case of a high temperature CSPA
SATop TDM service processing board
SAToP processing of 64 channels of E1 signals Active/standby switchover or load sharing of the control boards l 8 kHz clock channel from the CSPA board to the backplane, which is used to transmit the clock signals recovered from the
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service to the control board Providing one 10GE attachment unit interface (XAUI) to each control board Querying the temperature and powering off the board in case of a high temperature SPUA
High-performance
Switching capacity of 40 G
service processing
Eight GE ports and two 10GE ports on the front
board
SFP interface Converging the ETH access services Enhanced L2 functions such as the S+C forwarding Querying the temperature and powering off the board in case of a high temperature SPUB
MPLS service
5G MPLS function for each slot
processing board
One 10GE attachment unit interface (XAUI) to each control board Active/standby switchover and load sharing of the control boards Querying the temperature and powering off the board in case of a high temperature MA5680T
TOPA
TDM service board
Native TDM function CESoP function (when the EH1A/ CSSA subboard is configured) TDM signal upstream transmission through the E1 port (when the NH1A/EH1A subboard is configured) TDM signal upstream transmission through the STM-1 optical port (when the O2CE/CSSA subboard is configured)
OPFA
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Base station backhaul and transmission of the synchronous Ethernet clock signals Ethernet board
service ETHB
Ethernet subtending
Ethernet upstream transmission Ethernet subtending Eight SFP GE optical transceiver or GE electrical ports Inter-board aggregation Load sharing and redundancy protection
Uplink
GICF
2-channel GE uplink Upstream transmission or subtending optical interface Two GE optical ports board
GICG
2-channel GE uplink Upstream transmission or subtending electrical interface Two GE electrical ports
GICK
2-channel GE uplink Upstream transmission and subtending optical/electrical Two SFP GE optical/electrical ports (auto-adaptation)
interface board
Ethernet clock synchronization Compliance with IEEE GICD
4-channel optical board
GE Upstream transmission or subtending interface Four GE ports
GICE
4-channel electrical board
GE The GICD board s four GE interface optical ports
X1CA
1-channel optical board
10GE One 10GE upstream or subtending interface optical port
X2CA
2-channel optical
10GE Two 10GE upstream or subtending optical ports
The GICE board s four GE electrical ports
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X2CS
10GE Two 10GE upstream ports
2-channel optical interface board
Universal interface board
CITD
Universal board
10GE synchronization Ethernet
interface Seven inputs of alarm digital parameters and one output of digital controlling parameters Two BITS inputs and one BITS output
Clock board
BIUA
Clock board
Two standard BITS clock inputs and one standard BITS clock output Input and output of 2 MHz and E1 signals Tracing the input clock source of the two channels of BITS clock or tracing the output clock source of the control board Multiple working modes, such tracing, holdover, and free-run
Power board
PRTE
as
DC Power interface One -48 V power input board Filtering and current-limiting for the input power Under-voltage detection, detection of whether the input power exists, and fault detection Alarm report and presence signal report ALARM LED
5.0
ONTs (Optical Network Terminal)
HG850a is an indoor optical network terminal (ONT) at the gigabit-capable ive optical network (GPON) access layer, designed for home s and SOHO s. Adopting the GPON technology, the HG850a connects the home s and SOHO s to the Internet through the optical upstream port. On the local area network (LAN) side, the HG850a provides abundant hardware ports to meet multiple networking requirements of home s and SOHO s. At the same time, based on the IP network, the HG850a can provide you with the voice over IP (VoIP) service, the Modem over IP (MoIP) and the fax over IP (FoIP) service of high quality and low cost. Thus, you can enjoy the quality voice service, superior video service, and high-speed data service. The HG850a s the ONT management and control interface (OMCI) technology, which facilitates the automatic service provision remotely by service providers, and the remote BRBRAITT, Jabalpur
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maintenance and management by network maintenance staff. Figure 1 shows the appearance and the ports on the HG850a.
Figure 4 appearance and the ports on the HG850a Table 3 describes the ports on the HG850a. Table 3 Interface
Function
OPTICAL
GPON port. It is used to connect with an optical fiber for upstream transmission. The type of the optical connector connected to the OPTICAL port is SC/APC, and the type of the optical connector connected to the optical in the wall is determined according to actual conditions.
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LAN1-LAN4
Ethernet ports. They are used to connect the network devices (such as the PC, STB, or switch). The four Ethernet ports can be used at the same time.
TEL1-TEL2
VoIP telephone ports. They are used to connect the telephone set or fax machine to provide the IP telephone service and fax service. The two VoIP telephone ports can be used at the same time.
POWER
Power port. It is a power port connected to the power adapter or batteries.
ON/OFF
On/Off switch, used to power on or power off the HG850a.
Network Applications 4.1 FTTx Network Applications The MA5680T cooperates with the ONT or other ONUs to multiple FTTx network applications. Through FTTH, the MA5680T meets the network requirements of the scattered new high-end buildings or villas; through FTTB, the MA5680T meets the network requirements of populous apartments and small enterprise and institution office buildings; through FTTC, the MA5680T meets the network requirements of residential neighborhoods. Service Description The MA5680T s multiple FTTx network requirements: l The MA5680T s the FTTH network application. Through FTTH, the MA5680T uses a single optical fiber to provide the voice, data, and video services for the scattered new high-end buildings or villas. l The MA5680T s the FTTB network application. Intended for the building where twisted pair cables are routed, the MA5680T provides the voice, data, and video services for the community s through FTTB by connecting to an ONT or another ONU in the downstream direction. The ONT or ONU then distributes the services to each through the twisted pair cables. An FTTB network is suitable for high-density apartments and small enterprise office buildings. l The MA5680T s the FTTC network application. The MA5680T provides the voice, data, and video services for the community s through FTTC by connecting to the MDU in the downstream direction. The MDU then distributes the services to each through BRBRAITT, Jabalpur
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the twisted pair cables. Example Network Figure 4-1 shows an example network of FTTx.
BRAS: broadband remote access server MG: media gateway ONT: optical network terminal STB: set top box MDU: multi-dwelling unit Network Description l VoIP service After ing through the ONT, the VoIP packets reach the MA5680T. The MA5680T then transmits the packets to the NGN network, or to the PSTN network through an MG. Data service The PCs are connected to the MA5680T through the ONTs. The PCs are then connected to the IP network through the BRAS. BRBRAITT, Jabalpur
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l Video service The video traffic is sent to the ONTs in the IPTV or cable television (CATV) mode. Video services in the IPTV and CATV modes are described as follows: – IPTV In the IPTV mode, the video service is delivered over IP multicast traffic, supplying s with various programs. The MA5680T manages the multicast rights and programs based on IGMP proxy and controllable multicast. After the s have ed the authentication of the MA5680T, the MA5680T transmits the IGMP protocol packets to the device at the convergence layer. The multicast server transmits the video traffic to the MA5680T through the backbone network and the convergence network. The MA5680T forwards the traffic to the terminals based on the authentication results. At the end, the STB terminates video signals, performs media conversion, and controls program switching. – CATV Through the electrical-to-optical conversion, video streams are converted into downstream optical waves, and then superposed with downstream optical waves of the GPON in the wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) mode. The superposed waves are transmitted to the ONT in the downstream direction through an optical fiber. Then the ONT separates the video signals from the waves, and sends the signals to the TV. In this manner, the video service is implemented. 4.2 Mobile Bearer Network Application The MA5680T s the mobile bearer network application, which converges the fixed network and mobile network on the bearer plane, helps to save the CAPEX and OPEX, and implements the evolution of IP-based network. Service Description To address the growing number of mobile s and increasing demand for the mobile data and video services, 3G mobile stations need to be expanded to provide high bandwidth. Compared with the SDH/ATM private line technologies, the IP return transmission technology of the MA5680T not only provides an easy return transmission solution for base stations, but also helps to save the cost for base station return transmission to a great extent. In the mobile bearer network application, the IP-based return transmission technology is adopted BRBRAITT, Jabalpur
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as a replacement of the TDM-based or ATM-based return transmission technology to implement the integration of fixed and mobile networks at the bearer layer. In this way, the need to maintain only one network helps to reduce the CAPEX and OPEX, thus facilitating the evolution to an all-IP network. Example Network Figure 4-2 shows the mobile bearer network application.
Network Description The mobile bearer network application has the following features: l The base station adopts distributed mode, and provides IP ports and EI ports. – The base station adopts distributed mode. The voice service is transmitted upstream through the E1 ports, and the data service is transmitted upstream through the IP ports. – The voice service requires small bandwidth; therefore, usually one or two E1 ports are required. The data service requires high bandwidth; therefore, the base station adopts BRBRAITT, Jabalpur
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IP port for data service transmission, thus improving the bandwidth utilization for the upstream data service. l The base station does not adopt the distributed mode. – For a large number of legacy base stations and base stations that are currently under construction, IP upstream connection is not adopted, and only E1 ports are used for upstream transmission – The E1 ports must PWE3 to facilitate service bearing over an IP network. The MA5680T s the clock in the mobile bearer network. l The MA5680T obtains the clock information from the BITS, and transmits the clock information to the downstream mobile base stations through the ONT. In this manner, clock synchronization is maintained between the base station, the BSC and the RNC, thus ensuring that the end s are not affected during a service switchover between base stations. l The MA5680T s the BC mode of the 1588 V2 clock model. The MA5680T works with the ONU to provide clock information to the base station, thus ensuring the highprecision clock frequency and phase synchronization. 4.3 TDM Private Line Network Application The MA5680T s the TDM private line network application, which protects the investment on the traditional TDM network and implements the all IP architecture. Service Description The MA5680T s the TDM private line network application. The following network applications are ed: l Terminating the circuit-emulation service over packet (SAToP) and transmitting the service upstream in the E1/STM-1 mode l Terminating the native TDM and transmitting the service upstream in the E1/STM-1 mode l Terminating the native TDM and transmitting the service upstream in the SAToP mode Terminating the SAToP and Transmitting the Service Upstream in the E1/STM-1 Mode Figure 4-3 shows the network application for terminating the SAToP(Structure-Agnostic TDM over Packet) and transmitting the service upstream in the E1/STM-1 mode Figure 4-3 Network application for terminating the SAToP and transmitting the service upstream in the E1/STM-1 mode
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In the upstream direction, the ONT encapsulates the E1 service into the PON frame in the format of SAToP packet, and the PON network transmits the PON frame to the MA5680T that functions as an OLT. The MA5680T decapsulates the SAToP packet and the E1 service, and then the MA5680T can provide the E1 for connecting to the upper-layer TDM network and the STM-1 port for connecting to the SDH network.. In the downstream direction, the TDM network service is transmitted to the MA5680T through the E1/STM-1 port. The MA5680T converts the E1/STM-1 service stream into the SAToP packet, and then encapsulates the SAToP packet into the PON frame. Then, the PON network transmits the PON frame to the corresponding ONT, and the ONT decapsulates the E1 service. Terminating the Native TDM and Transmitting the Service Upstream in the E1/ STM-1 Mode Figure 4-4 shows the network application for terminating the native TDM and transmitting the service upstream in the E1/STM-1 mode. Figure 4-4 Network application for terminating the Native TDM and transmitting the service upstream in the E1/STM-1 mode
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Network description: The TDM service of the base station and enterprise s can be accessed through the E1 port of the ONT, and the ONT transmits the Ethernet service and TDM service upstream to the OLT simultaneously. The OLT identifies and forwards the Ethernet service and TDM service, transmitting them to the upper-layer IP network and TDM network respectively. The OLT can provide the E1 for connecting to the upper-layer TDM network and the STM-1 port for connecting to the SDH network. Terminating the Native TDM and Transmitting the Service Upstream in the SAToP Mode Figure 4-5 shows the network application for terminating the native TDM and transmitting the service upstream in the SAToP mode. Figure 4-5 Network application for terminating the Native TDM and transmitting the service upstream in the SAToP mode
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Network description: The mobile 2G base station is connected to the ONT through the TDM E1 port, and the ONT encapsulates the TDM packets into the GPON GEM frame directly to implement TDM service transmission over the GPON network (native TDM). The OLT converts the native TDM service into SAToP packets, and finally transmits the traffic stream to the peer end over the PSN. (The device at the peer end must have the corresponding TDM PWE3 function.) In this manner, the traditional TDM service can be transmitted over the PSN, and the all IP architecture of the entire network is implemented. 4.4 MSTP Network Application The MA5680T s the MSTP network application, providing redundant links with a better load balancing function, which is applicable to all the networks with the service protection requirement. Service Description The Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol (MSTP) is compatible with the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) and Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP). In addition, MSTP can remedy the drawback of STP and RSTP. MSTP s quick booting, and can also provide enhanced load balancing function for redundant links. MSTP is applicable to a network with the service-protection requirement. Example Network Figure 4-6 shows the MSTP network application. Figure 4-6 MSTP network application
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Network Description The MA5680Ts form an MSTP network, which meets the service-protection requirement and saves the optical fiber resources. In addition, the spanning tree instance can be configured according to the VLAN to implement the load balancing for upstream ports. It is not recommended that you build an MSTP network at major nodes with a large number of s because an MSTP network requires the switchover time and has restrictions on the number of MAC addresses. 4.5 QinQ Network Application BRBRAITT, Jabalpur
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The MA5680T s the QinQ network application. This application saves the public VLAN ID resources and implements the transparent transmission of private VLANs to the public network. Service Description The 802.1q in 802.1q (QinQ) application s allocation of public VLAN IDs to packets that have VLAN tags so that the packets can be transmitted in the backbone network by using the public VLAN IDs. In this way, public VLAN ID resources are saved to a great extent, and the P2P interconnection between private line s across the MAN is facilitated. Example Network Figure 4-7 shows the QinQ network application. Figure 4-7 QinQ network application
Network Description In the QinQ application, the packets transmitted in the backbone network have two layers of VLAN tags: a public VLAN tag and a private VLAN tag. l On the side of the MA5680T The enterprise s are connected to the MA5680T through the ONT and the traffic is delivered in the VLAN mode. The s of VLAN 1 and VLAN 2 are connected to the MA5680T. The MA5680T allocates a public VLAN ID (VLAN 3 with the QinQ attribute) to the packets, and forwards the packets to the upper-layer network. BRBRAITT, Jabalpur
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l On the network side of the MA5680T In the backbone network, the packets are transmitted based on the public VLAN ID. After the packets reach the MA5680T on the other side of the backbone network, the MA5680T removes the public VLAN tag from the packets, and es the packets to the side device. In the QinQ application, the transparent transmission of the private VLAN in the public network is ed and public VLAN ID resources are saved. A simple two-layer virtual private network (VPN) channel is provided to implement the function of transparent transmission of private VLANs and services to the peer end and to expand the private network. 4.6 VLAN Stacking Network Application The MA5680T s VLAN stacking network application to implement the VLAN extended service and multi-ISP wholesale service. Service Description l VLAN extension: This is used to increase the number of VLANs and identify s. l Multi-ISP wholesale service: The upper-layer network works in L2 working mode and the packets are directly transmitted according to the VLAN and the MAC address. VLAN stacking is similar to QinQ in implementation, but the packet of VLAN stacking is encapsulated with two VLAN tags and the packet of QinQ is encapsulated with one VLAN tag. Example Network Figure 4-8 shows the VLAN stacking network application. Figure 4-8 VLAN stacking network application
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Network Description In the VLAN stacking application, the BRAS must authenticate both layers of VLAN tags. When a packet reaches the MA5680T, it is tagged with two VLAN tags (outer VLAN and inner VLAN), and then transmitted to the associated ISP based on the outer VLAN tag. The is identified by the inner VLAN tag. The VLAN stacking application ensures that the VLANs can be reused, and realizes the multiIPS wholesale service. 4.7 Triple Play Network Application The powerful service processing capability of the MA5680T helps to provide data and video services to s simultaneously with guaranteed QoS. Service Description The MA5680T s the following triple play solutions: l GPON: Triple play solution through multiple GEM ports Different GEM ports are used to differentiate different traffic streams. Different traffic streams are mapped to different GEM ports according to the VLAN ID, BRBRAITT, Jabalpur
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802.1p, or physical port, and then sent to the MA5680T for processing. l GPON: Triple play solution through a single GEM port The MA5680T differentiates the service streams according to the Ethernet type of the side packet, VLAN ID at the side, or 802.1p domain at the side, and then controls the traffic streams. The current ONT need not be re-configured, which saves the GEM port resources. Example Network Figure 4-9 shows the triple play network application. Figure 4-9 Triple play network application
BRAS: broadband remote access server MG: media gateway ONT: optical network terminal STB: set top box Network Description l VoIP service After ing through the ONT, the VoIP packets reach the MA5680T. The MA5680T then transmits the packets to the NGN network, or to the PSTN network through an MG. l Data service The ONTs are connected to the MA5680T. The packets from the ONTs are transmitted upstream to the IP network after being processed by the BRAS. l Video service – The video service is delivered over IP multicast traffic, providing s with various BRBRAITT, Jabalpur
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programs. – The IGMP proxy control packets are transmitted to the upstream multicast server by the MA5680T, thus implementing the management on the multicast s and programs. – The video traffic stream is transmitted to the MA5680T by the multicast server, and the MA5680T forwards the traffic stream transparently to the multicast s. On the terminal, the video signals are terminated and the media is converted on the set top box (STB). In addition, the STB controls the program switching. Through the triple play network application, the access mode of multiple services can be implemented simultaneously on the same terminal. 2.0 Fiber To The x (FTTx) Today, fiber networks come in many varieties, depending on the termination point: building (FTTB), home (FTTH), curb (FTTC) etc. For simplicity, most people have begun to refer to the fiber network as FTTx, in which x stands for the termination point. As telecommunications providers consider the best method for delivering fiber to their subscribers, they have a variety of FTTx architectures to consider. FTTH, FTTB, and FTTC each have different configurations and characteristics. 2.1 FTTH (Fiber To The Home): FTTH is now a cost-effective alternative to the traditional copper loop. “Fiber to the Home” is defined as a telecommunications architecture in which a communications path is provided over optical fiber cables extending from an Optical Line Terminal (OLT) unit located in central office (CO) connects to an Optical Network Terminal (ONT) at each premise. Both OLTs and ONTs are active devices. This communications path is provided for the purpose of carrying telecommunications traffic to one or more subscribers and for one or more services (for example Internet Access, Telephony and/or Video-Television). FTTH consists of a single optical fiber cable from the base station to the home. The optical/electrical signals are converted and connection to the ’s PC via an Ethernet card. FTTH is the final configuration of access networks using optical fiber cable.
Fig. 1 FTTH Configuration BRBRAITT, Jabalpur
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2.2 FTTB (Fiber To The Building): “Fiber to the Building” is defined as a telecommunications architecture in which a communications path is provided over optical fiber cables extending from an Optical Line Terminal (OLT) unit located in central office (CO) connects to an Optical Network Unit (ONU at the boundary of the apartment or office or building enclosing the home or business of the subscriber or set of subscribers, but where the optical fiber terminates before reaching the home living space or business office space and where the access path continues to the subscriber over a physical medium other than optical fiber (for example copper loops).
Fig. 2 FTTB Configuration FTTB regarded as a transitional stage to FTTH. By introducing fiber cables from the fiber termination point to the home living space or business office space FTTB can be converted to full FTTH. Such a conversion is desirable as FTTH provides better capacity and longevity than FTTB. Optical fiber cable is installed up to the metallic cable installed within the building. A LAN or existing telephone metallic cable is then used to connect to the . 2.3 FTTC (Fiber To The Curb): A method of installing optical fiber cable by the curb near the ’s home. An optical communications system is then used between the ONU installed outside (such as near the curb or on Street Cabinet) from the installation center. Finally, copper cable is used between the ONU and .
Fig.3 FTTC Configuration 3.0 Why FTTH? FTTH is a true multi-service communications access which simultaneously handles several phone calls, TV/video streams, and Internet s in the home/office. There are several advantages of deploying FTTH over other traditional access technologies as given below: BRBRAITT, Jabalpur
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FTTH provides end-s with a broad range of communications and entertainment services, and faster activation of new services.
Competition is beginning to offer a “multi-play” (i.e., voice, video, data etc) bundle.
FTTH provides Service Provider’s with the ability to provide “cutting edge” technology and “best-in-class” services.
Deploying a fiber optic cable to each premise will provide an extraordinary amount of bandwidth for future services.
FTTH provides carriers with an opportunity to increase the average revenues per (ARPU), to reduce the capital investment required to deliver multiple services, and to lower the costs of operating networks (fewer outdoor electronics, remote management, ..) will result in less operational expense.
FTTH provides the community in which it’s located with superior communications which enhance the efficiency of local business and thus deliver economic advantage for the community.
Around the world FTTH is viewed as strategic national infrastructure similar to roads, railways, and telephone networks.
4.0 Technology Options for FTTH Architecture: When deciding which architecture to select a provider has many things to consider including the existing outside plant, network location, the cost of deploying the network, subscriber density and the return on investment (ROI). At present different technology options are available for FTTH architecture .The network can be installed as an active optical network, or a ive optical network (PON). 4.1 Active Optical Network The active optical network implementation is known as the “Active Node” and is simply described as a “point-to-point” solution. Subscribers are provided a dedicated optical cable and the distribution points are handled by active optical equipment. These active architectures have been setup as either “Home Run Fiber” or “Active Star Ethernet”. 4.1.1 Home Run Fiber (Point-to-Point) Architecture A Home Run Fiber architecture is one in which a dedicated fiber line is connected at the central office (CO) to a piece of equipment called an Optical Line Terminator (OLT). At the end location, the other side of the dedicated fiber connects to an Optical Network Terminal (ONT). Both OLTs and ONTs are active, or powered, devices, and each is equipped with an optical laser The Home Run fiber solution offers the most bandwidth for an end and, therefore, also offers the greatest potential for growth. Over the long term Home Run Fiber is the most flexible architecture; however, it may be less attractive when the physical layer costs are considered. Because a dedicated fiber is deployed to each premise, Home Run Fiber requires the installation of much more fiber than other options, with each fiber running the entire distance between the subscriber and the CO.
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Fig. 4 Home Run Fiber (Point-to-Point) architecture 4.1.2 Active Star Ethernet (Point-to-Multi Point) Architecture Active Star Ethernet (ASE) architecture is a point-to-Multi-point architecture in which multiple premises share one feeder fiber through a Ethernet switch located between the CO and the served premises.
Fig. 5 Active Star Ethernet (ASE) architecture With Active Star Ethernet (ASE) architecture, end s still get a dedicated fiber to their location; however, the fiber runs between their location and Ethernet switch. Like Home Run Fiber, subscribers can be located as far away from the Ethernet switch and each subscriber is provided a dedicated “pipe” that provides full bidirectional bandwidth. Active Star Ethernet reduces the amount of fiber deployed; lowering costs through the sharing of fiber. 4.2 ive Optical Network (Point-to-Multipoint) Architecture The key interface points of PON are in the central office equipment, called the OLT for optical line terminal, and the E, called ONU for optical network unit (for EPON) and ONT for optical network terminal (for GPON). Regardless of nomenclature, the important difference between OLT and ONT devices is their purpose. OLT devices management functions and manage maximum up to 128 downstream links. In practice, it is common for only 8 to 32 ports to be linked to a single OLT in the central office. On the other hand the ONT (or ONU) devices in the E only their own link to the central office. Consequently, the ONT/ONU devices are much less expensive while the OLTs tend to be more capable and therefore more expensive. 1. OLT: The OLT resides in the Central Office (CO). The OLT system provides aggregation and switching functionality between the core network (various network interfaces) and PON interfaces. The network interface of the OLT is typically connected to the IP network and BRBRAITT, Jabalpur
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backbone of the network operator. Multiple services are provided to the access network through this interface,.
Fig. 6 PON Architecture 2. ONU/ONT: This provides access to the s i.e. an External Plant / Customer Premises equipment providing interface for many/single customer. The access node installed within premises for network termination is termed as ONT. Whereas access node installed at other locations i.e. curb/cabinet/building, are known as ONU. The ONU/ONT provide, interfaces (UNI) towards the customers and uplink interfaces to uplink local traffic towards OLT. 3. PON: Distributed or single staged ive optical splitters/combiners provides connectivity between OLT & multiple ONU/ONTs through one or two optical fibers. Optical splitters are capable of providing up to 1:64 optical split, on end to end basis. These are available in various options like 1:4, 1:8, 1:16, 1:32 and 1:64. 4. NMS: Management of the complete PON system from OLT.
One OLT serves multiple ONU/ONTs through PON
TDM/TDMA protocol between OLT & ONT
Single Fiber/ Dual Fiber to be used for upstream & downstream
Provision to protection for taking care of fiber cuts, card failure etc.
Maximum Split Ratio of 1:64
Typical distance between OLT & ONT can be greater than 15Km (with unequal splitting - up-to 35Km)
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Downstream transmission I.e. from OLT to ONU/ONT is usually TDM
Upstream traffic I.e. from ONU/ONT to OLT is usually TDMA
PON system may be symmetrical or asymmetrical
PON and fiber infrastructure can also be used for ing any one way distributive services e.g. video at a different wavelength
PON is configured in full duplex mode in a single fiber point to multipoint (P2MP) topology. Subscribers see traffic only from the head end, and not from each other. The OLT (head end) allows only one subscriber at a time to transmit using the Time Division Multiplex Access (TDMA) protocol. PON systems use optical splitter architecture, multiplexing signals with different wavelengths for downstream and upstream. There are two common splitter configurations are being used for PON architecture i.e. centralized and the cascaded approaches. A. Centralized Splitter Approach In Centralized Splitter Approach typically uses a 1x32 splitter in an outside plant enclosure, such as a fiber distribution terminal. In the case of a 1x32 splitter, each device is connected to an OLT in the central office. In this approach, optical splitters are concentrated in a single location from which all customer’s optical network terminals (ONTs) at 32 homes are connected as shown in fig. 7.
Fig. 7 Centralized Splitter Approach B. Cascaded Splitter Approach A cascaded split configuration results in pushing splitters deeper into the network as shown in fig.8. ive Optical Networks (PONs) utilize splitter assemblies to increase the number of homes fed from a single fibre. In a Cascaded PON, there will be more than one splitter location in the pathway from central office to customer. Currently, standard splitter formats range from 1 x 2, 1 x 4, 1 x 8, 1 x 16 and 1 x 32 so a network might use a 1 x 4 splitter leading to a 1 x 8 splitter further downstream in four separate locations. Optimally, there would eventually be 32 fibers reaching the ONTs of 32 homes.
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Fig.8 Cascaded Splitter Approach There are several “flavors” of PON technology, i.e. new access technology named APON (ATM ive Optical Network), BPON (Broadband ive Optical Networking), EPON (Ethernet ive Optical Networking) and GPON (Gigabit ive Optical Networking) which delivers gigabit-per-second bandwidths while offering the low cost and reliability. 4.2.1 APON ATM PON (APON) was standardized by the ITU in 1998 and was the first PON standard developed. It uses ATM principles as the transport method and s 622 Mbps downstream services and 155 Mbps upstream service shared between 32-64 splits over a maximum distance of 20 km. 4.2.2 BPON Shortly after APON, Broadband PON (BPON) followed and is very similar to APON. BPON also uses ATM, but it also boasts superior features for enhanced broadband services like video. BPON has the higher performance numbers then APON pre-splitting maximum of 1.2 Gbps downstream and 622 Mbps upstream. 4.2.3 EPON The IEEE standardized Ethernet PON (EPON) in the middle of 2004. It uses Ethernet encapsulation to transport data over the network. EPON operates at rates of 1.25Gbps both downstream and upstream (symmetrical), using 8B/10B encoding over a maximum reach of 20. EPON is also called now as Gigabit Ethernet PON (GE-PON). It is defined as a single fiber network using Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) operating at a wavelength of 1490 nm downstream and 1310 nm upstream. This leaves the 1550 nm window open for other services, such as analog video or private WDM circuits. 4.2.4 GPON Gigabit PON (GPON) is the next generation of PON’s from the line of APON and BPON. The ITU has approved standard G.984x for it. GPON will both ATM and Ethernet for Layer 2 data encapsulation so is clearly an attractive proposition. GPON s two methods of encapsulation: the ATM and GPON encapsulation method (GEM). GEM s a native transport of voice, video, and data without an added ATM or IP encapsulation layer. GPONs BRBRAITT, Jabalpur
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downstream rates as high as 2.5 Gbits/sec and an upstream rate from 155 Mbits/sec to 2.5 Gbits/sec. BSNL is procuring the GPON that will downstream rate 2.5Gbps and upstream 1.25 Gbps. 5.0
The features of different PON standard
Features
BPON
GPON
EPON
Responsible Standard body
FSAN & ITU-T SG15
FSAN & ITU-T SG15
IEEE 802.3ah
(G-983 Series)
(G-984 Series)
Bandwidth
Down Stream up to 622 Down Stream up to 2.5 Down Stream up to Mbps Gbps 1.25 Gbps Up Stream up to 155.52 Up Stream up to 2.5 Up Stream up to 1.25 Mbps Gbps Gbps
Downstream ג
1490 nm & 1550 nm
1490 nm & 1550 nm
1490 nm
Upstream ג
1310 nm
1310 nm
1310 nm
Layer-2 Protocols
ATM
ATM, Ethernet, over GEM
Frame
ATM
GPON Method
TDM Ethernet
Encapsulation Ethernet Frame
Max. Distance 20 km (OLT to ONU )
20 Km(s logical 10 and 20 Km. reach up to 60 Km)
Split Ratio
1:16, 1:32 and 1:64
1:16, 1:32 and 1:64
1:16 and 1:32
Line Codes
NRZ ( Scrambled )
NRZ ( Scrambled )
8B/10B
Downstream Security
AES: Advanced Encryption Standard -128 bit key
AES: Advanced Encryption Standard ( Counter mode)
Not Defined
FEC
None
Yes
Yes
No. of fibers
1 or 2
1 or 2
1
Protection Switching
multiple protection multiple configuration protection configuration
None
6.0 FTTH plan of BSNL: BSNL has planned 2 million FTTH network based on Gigabit Optical ive Network (GPON) and Gigabit Ethernet ive Optical Network (GEPON) up to 2010-11. The broadband, voice, data & video etc services will run on this network. All these services clubbed BRBRAITT, Jabalpur
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into a brand name “Next Generation Play Network (NGPN)”. These services will be rolled out in phase manner in three phases. In its first phase (2008-09) the projection is for 7.0 Lakhs customers out of which 5.5 Lakhs customers are proposed in A-Grade nearly 28 cities with GPON and 1.5 Lakhs customers are planned in B- Grade nearly 77 cities based on GEPON. The second phase (2009-10) of G-PON/GE-PON deployment can be extended to other cities also having OAN cable already laid as per the OAN target. Phase-II FTTH plan shall target 7,00,000 customers to be extended with fast Ethernet/ Gigabit Ethernet service to their buildings on Fibre. In the third phase (2010-11) Ethernet to the Home (ETTH) can be taken up in 198 cities and the total target of the FTTH deployment in 2010-11 shall be approximately 7, 50,000 customers. The FTTH plan proposal is made for commercial and technical aspects of the Fibre To The Home project. The total customer base on FTTH by March 2011 shall be 2 Millions. 7.0 Proposed Services on FTTH network of BSNL The first and foremost service proposed in the deployment of these PON technologies is to roll out the Next Generation Play Network (NGPN). The following services are proposed on the FTTH network: •
Basic internet Access Service controlled and uncontrolled from 256Kbps to 1000Mbps.
•
TV over IP Service (MPEG2).
•
Video on Demand (VoD)(MPEG4) play like VCR.
•
Audio on Demand Service
•
Bandwidth on Demand ( and or service configurable)
•
Remote Education
•
Point to Point and Point to Multi Point Video Conferencing, virtual classroom.
•
Voice and Video Telephony over IP: Connection under control of centrally located soft switches.
•
Interactive Gaming.
•
Layer 3 VPN
•
VPN on broadband
•
Dial up VPN Service
•
Virtual Private LAN Service (VPLS)
From the BSNL network point of view GPON, being the TDM based technology, shall integrate into the existing switching network. While the VOIP feature in the GE-PON provides easy migration path to the Next Generation Network (NGN) of the BSNL. Since TDM switches and the NGN are to coexist for up to 2015 as per the NGN vision plan both GPON and GE-PON are the most suitable PON technologies for BSNL.
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