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Kamala Surayya
1
Kamala Surayya Kamala Surayya (formerly known as Kamala Das)
Born
March 31, 1934 Punnayurkulam, Malabar District, Madras Presidency, British India
Died
May 31, 2009 (aged 75) Pune, Maharashtra, India
Pen name
Madhavikkutty
Occupation
Poet, short story writer
Nationality
Indian
Genres
Poetry, Short story
Notable award(s) Ezhuthachchan Puraskaram, Vayalar Award, Sahitya Akademi Award, Asan World Prize, Asian Poetry Prize, Kent Award Spouse(s)
K. Madhava Das
Children
• • •
Madhav Das Nalapat Chinnen Das Jayasurya Das
Relative(s)
• •
Balamani Amma (mother) V. M. Nair (father)
Kamala Suraiyya (born Kamala Das; 31 March 1934 – 31 May 2009), also known by her one-time pen name Madhavikutty, was a major Indian English poet and littérateur and at the same time a leading Malayalam author from Kerala, India. Her popularity in Kerala is based chiefly on her short stories and autobiography, while her oeuvre in English, written under the name Kamala Das, is noted for the fiery poems and explicit autobiography. Her open and honest treatment of female sexuality, free from any sense of guilt, infused her writing with power, but also marked her as an iconoclast in her generation.[1] On 31 May 2009, aged 75, she died at a hospital in Pune,[2] but has earned considerable respect in recent years.
Kamala Surayya
Early life Kamala Das was born in Punnayurkulam, Thrissur District in Kerala, on March 31, 1934, to V. M. Nair, a former managing editor of the widely-circulated Malayalam daily Mathrubhumi, and Nalapat Balamani Amma, a renowned Malayali poetess. She spent her childhood between Calcutta, where her father was employed as a senior officer in the Walford Transport Company that sold Bentley and Rolls Royce automobiles, and the Nalapat ancestral home in Punnayurkulam. Like her mother, Balamani Amma, Kamala Das also excelled in writing. Her love of poetry began at an early age through the influence of her great uncle, Nalapat Narayana Menon, a prominent writer. At the age of 15, she got married to bank officer Madhava Das, who encouraged her writing interests, and she started writing and publishing both in English and in Malayalam. Calcutta in the 1960s was a tumultuous time for the arts, and Kamala Das was one of the many voices that came up and started appearing in cult anthologies along with a generation of Indian English poets.[3]
Literary career She was noted for her many Malayalam short stories as well as many poems written in English. Das was also a syndicated columnist. She once claimed that "poetry does not sell in this country [India]," but her forthright columns, which sounded off on everything from women's issues and child care to politics, were popular. Das' first book of poetry, Summer In Calcutta was a breath of fresh air in Indian English poetry. She wrote chiefly of love, its betrayal, and the consequent anguish. Ms. Das abandoned the certainties offered by an archaic, and somewhat sterile, aestheticism for an independence of mind and body at a time when Indian poets were still governed by "19th-century diction, sentiment and romanticised love."[4] Her second book of poetry, The Descendants was even more explicit, urging women to: Gift him what makes you woman, the scent of Long hair, the musk of sweat between the breasts, The warm shock of menstrual blood, and all your Endless female hungers ..." - The Looking Glass This directness of her voice led to comparisons with Marguerite Duras and Sylvia Plath[4] At the age of 42, she published a daring autobiography, My Story; it was originally written in Malayalam (titled Ente Katha) and later she translated it into English. Later she itted that much of the autobiography had fictional elements.[5] Kamala Das wrote on a diverse range of topics, often disparate- from the story of a poor old servant, about the sexual disposition of upper middle class women living near a metropolitan city or in the middle of the ghetto. Some of her better-known stories include Pakshiyude Manam, Neypayasam, Thanuppu, and Chandana Marangal. She wrote a few novels, out of which Neermathalam Pootha Kalam, which was received favourably by the reading public as well as the critics, stands out. She travelled extensively to read poetry to 's University of Duisburg-Essen, University of Bonn and University of Duisburg universities, Adelaide Writer's Festival, Frankfurt Book Fair, University of Kingston, Jamaica, Singapore, and South Bank Festival (London), Concordia University (Montreal, Canada), etc. Her works are available in French, Spanish, Russian, German and Japanese. She has also held positions as Vice chairperson in Kerala Sahitya Akademi, chairperson in Kerala Forestry Board, President of the Kerala Children's Film Society, editor of Poet magazine[6] and Poetry editor of Illustrated Weekly of India.
2
Kamala Surayya Although occasionally seen as an attention-grabber in her early years,[7] she is now seen as one of the most formative influences on Indian English poetry. In 2009, The Times called her "the mother of modern English Indian poetry".[4]
Conversion to Islam She was born in a conservative Hindu Nair (Nallappattu) family having royal ancestry,she embraced Islam in 1999 at the age of 65 and assumed the name Kamala Surayya.[8] Her conversion was rather controversial, among social and literary circles, with The Hindu calling it part of her "histrionics".[7] She said she liked being behind the protective veil of the purdah.
Politics Though never politically active before, she launched a national political party, Lok Seva Party, aiming asylum to orphaned mothers and promotion of secularism. In 1984 she unsuccessfully contested in the Indian Parliament elections.[9]
Personal life Kamala Das had three sons - M D Nalapat, Chinnen Das and Jayasurya Das.[10] Madhav Das Nalapat, the eldest, is married to Princess Thiruvathira Thirunal Lakshmi Bayi (daughter of Princess Pooyam Thirunal Gouri Parvati Bayi and Sri Chembrol Raja Raja Varma Avargal) from the Travancore Royal House.[11] He holds the UNESCO Peace Chair and Professor of geopolitics at the Manipal Academy of Higher Education. He was formerly a resident editor of the Times of India. On 31 May 2009, aged 75, she died at a hospital in Pune. Her body was flown to her home state of Kerala. She was buried at the Palayam Juma Masjid at Thiruvanathapuram with full state honour.[12][13]
Awards and other recognitions Kamala Das has received many awards for her literary contribution, including: • • • • • • • • • •
Nominated and shortlisted for Nobel Prize for Literature in 1984.[14] Award of Asian PEN anthology - 1964 Kerala Sahitya Academy Award - 1969 (for Cold) Sahitya Academy Award - 1985 Asian Poetry Prize - 1998 Kent Award for English Writing from Asian Countries - 1999 Vayalar Award - 2001 Honorary D.Litt by University of Calicut - 2006[15] Muttathu Varkey Award - 2006[16] Ezhuthachan Puraskaram - 2009
3
Kamala Surayya
Bibliography English • • • • • • • • • • • • •
1964: The Sirens (Asian Poetry Prize winner) 1965: Summer in Calcutta (poetry; Kent's Award winner) 1967: The Descendants (poetry) 1973: The Old Playhouse and Other Poems (poetry) 1976: My Story (autobiography) 1977: Alphabet of Lust (novel) 1985: The Anamalai Poems (poetry) 1992: Pavati the Harlot and Other Stories (collection of short stories) 1996: Only the Soul Knows How to Sing (poetry) 2001: Yaa Allah (collection of poems) 1979: Tonight,This Savage Rite (with Pritish Nandy) 1999: My Mother At Sixty-six (Poem) - : My Grandmother House (Poem)
Malayalam • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
1964: Pakshiyude Manam (short stories) 1966: Naricheerukal Parakkumbol (short stories) 1968: Thanuppu (short story, Sahitya Academi award) 1982: Ente Katha (autobiography) 1987: Balyakala Smaranakal (Childhood Memories) 1989: Varshangalkku Mumbu (Years Before) 1990: Palayan (novel) 1991: Neypayasam (short story) 1992: Dayarikkurippukal (novel) 1994: Neermathalam Pootha Kalam (novel, Vayalar Award) 1996: Chekkerunna Pakshikal (short stories) 1998: Nashtapetta Neelambari (short stories) "Ente Kadha" (Autobiography) 2005: Chandana Marangal (Novel) 2005: Madhavikkuttiyude Unmakkadhakal (short stories)2x 2005: Vandikkalakal (novel) 1999: My Mother At Sixty-six (Poem)
4
Kamala Surayya
References [3] http:/ / www. cse. iitk. ac. in/ s/ amit/ books/ nandy-1977-strangertime-anthology-of. html [6] Love and longing (http:/ / timesofindia. indiatimes. com/ articleshow/ 31270799. cms) [7] http:/ / www. hinduonnet. com/ 2000/ 02/ 06/ stories/ 1306078m. htm [8] http:/ / tehelka. com/ story_main48. asp?filename=hub181210He_asked. asp [10] Kamala Das es away (http:/ / timesofindia. indiatimes. com/ india/ Kamala-Das-es-away/ articleshow/ 4599921. cms) [11] http:/ / www. royalark. net/ India/ trava4. htm [14] http:/ / www. enotes. com/ poetry-criticism/ das-kamala [16] Literary Awards - official website of Onformation and Public Relation Department (http:/ / www. prd. kerala. gov. in/ awards. htm)
8. The Ignited Soul by Shreekumar Varma (http:/ / www. deccanherald. com/ content/ 6643/ kamala-ignited-soul. html)
External links • Varsha Bhosle on Kamala Das' conversion to Islam (http://www.rediff.com/news/1999/dec/16varsha.htm) • "From Kamala Das to Dashi: Doing the right thing for wrong reasons?" by Dr Mohammad Omar Farooq (http:// globalwebpost.com/farooqm/writings/other/kamala.htm) • Translation of Neypayasam (http://www.littlemag.com/family/kamala.html) • Eroticism and feminism in Das' writings (http://www.english.emory.edu/Bahri/Das.html) • The histrionics of Kamala Das (http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/2000/02/06/stories/1306078m.htm) • Funeral (http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/004200906021241.htm) • Kamala Suraiyya (http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/culture-obituaries/books-obituaries/ 5446382/Kamala-Suraiyya.html) - Daily Telegraph obituary • Kamala Surayya ed by Gracy, Pa, Indu Menon, Sheeba Ramachandran and Arun Kaimal (http:// boolokam.com/archives/category/trending-topics/madhavikkutty) (in Malayalam) • Leela Menon's write-up in a pro-Hindu newspaper about Kamala Surayya's conversion to Islam (http://www. janmabhumidaily.com/jnb/News/117361) (in Malayalam)
5
Article Sources and Contributors
Article Sources and Contributors Kamala Surayya Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=562812593 Contributors: 7, Abhas Kumar, Abrus, Abusam, Ahoerstemeier, Ajaykrsnaa, Alan Shijo, Anandks007, Anupkc, Ashiq93, Aslam, Athulbnair, BC Lafferty, Basawala, Bearcat, Bhadani, BhaiSaab, Bioedits, Blue520, Bobrayner, C.Logan, Can't sleep, clown will eat me, CanisRufus, Captain Conundrum, Cflm001, Challiyan, ChrisGualtieri, Chzz, CopperMurdoch, DdraconiandevilL, Dreamzzz, Dsp13, Dual Freq, Dv82matt, Ekabhishek, Ekkavi, Epbr123, Favonian, Fraggle81, Freakofnurture, Gail, Gokul m1, Gokul009, Griffinofwales, Gsingh, Gurch, Hamzameppadi, Hello71, Humbleworks, IXavier, Iyerkri, Jaizal, Jaraalbe, Java7837, Jaycia, Jni, John Vandenberg, Keralite, Khazar, Kjrajesh, Krisuday, Kundan After Sundown, Kuzhinapurath, Lijujacobk, Lilaac, Linguisticgeek, LoganCale, Lugia2453, Lvl, MER-C, MONGO, Magioladitis, Malayala Sahityam, Mandyvandeven, Manu rocks, Masterknighted, Materialscientist, Mattisse, Milasa, Mitul Consul, Mschel, Mukerjee, Mwanner, Nairunni60, NickelShoe, Nidhi. mehta333, Nooranadu mohan, Nuwanda360, Obituarist, Outlook, PFHLai, Pectore, PiMaster3, PocklingtonDan, Praveenp, Purifyingfire, Pyrop, Rajamankkan, Rameez.salim, Randhirreddy, RashmiPatel, Rkm, Rimibchatterjee, Rj, Rjwilmsi, [email protected], RockMFR, Roland zh, Salih, Sarfarazhere, Shadabkm, Shadowjams, Shaheer84, Shashishekhar, Shivap, SidhardhRamesh, Sidharthan, Sitush, Snowcream, Soft coder, Spb789, Squids and Chips, Ssaa08, Ssusanm, Sumalsn, Sunithamenon, Swapnatom, Taz Manchester, Technopat, The Happy Witch, Thinkopotamus, Tinucherian, Tripping Nambiar, Utcursch, Vadakkan, Vanischenu, Vengeful Cynic, Vicharam, Vuvar1, WWGB, Waacstats, Widr, Woohookitty, Yahel Guhan, Zencv, Zuhairali, ﮐﺎﺷﻒ ﻋﻘﯿﻞ, 216 anonymous edits
Image Sources, Licenses and Contributors File:kamala das.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Kamala_das.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0,2.5,2.0,1.0 Contributors: Manojk, Roland zh, Sreejithk2000, 1 anonymous edits
License Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported //creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/
6
1
Kamala Surayya Kamala Surayya (formerly known as Kamala Das)
Born
March 31, 1934 Punnayurkulam, Malabar District, Madras Presidency, British India
Died
May 31, 2009 (aged 75) Pune, Maharashtra, India
Pen name
Madhavikkutty
Occupation
Poet, short story writer
Nationality
Indian
Genres
Poetry, Short story
Notable award(s) Ezhuthachchan Puraskaram, Vayalar Award, Sahitya Akademi Award, Asan World Prize, Asian Poetry Prize, Kent Award Spouse(s)
K. Madhava Das
Children
• • •
Madhav Das Nalapat Chinnen Das Jayasurya Das
Relative(s)
• •
Balamani Amma (mother) V. M. Nair (father)
Kamala Suraiyya (born Kamala Das; 31 March 1934 – 31 May 2009), also known by her one-time pen name Madhavikutty, was a major Indian English poet and littérateur and at the same time a leading Malayalam author from Kerala, India. Her popularity in Kerala is based chiefly on her short stories and autobiography, while her oeuvre in English, written under the name Kamala Das, is noted for the fiery poems and explicit autobiography. Her open and honest treatment of female sexuality, free from any sense of guilt, infused her writing with power, but also marked her as an iconoclast in her generation.[1] On 31 May 2009, aged 75, she died at a hospital in Pune,[2] but has earned considerable respect in recent years.
Kamala Surayya
Early life Kamala Das was born in Punnayurkulam, Thrissur District in Kerala, on March 31, 1934, to V. M. Nair, a former managing editor of the widely-circulated Malayalam daily Mathrubhumi, and Nalapat Balamani Amma, a renowned Malayali poetess. She spent her childhood between Calcutta, where her father was employed as a senior officer in the Walford Transport Company that sold Bentley and Rolls Royce automobiles, and the Nalapat ancestral home in Punnayurkulam. Like her mother, Balamani Amma, Kamala Das also excelled in writing. Her love of poetry began at an early age through the influence of her great uncle, Nalapat Narayana Menon, a prominent writer. At the age of 15, she got married to bank officer Madhava Das, who encouraged her writing interests, and she started writing and publishing both in English and in Malayalam. Calcutta in the 1960s was a tumultuous time for the arts, and Kamala Das was one of the many voices that came up and started appearing in cult anthologies along with a generation of Indian English poets.[3]
Literary career She was noted for her many Malayalam short stories as well as many poems written in English. Das was also a syndicated columnist. She once claimed that "poetry does not sell in this country [India]," but her forthright columns, which sounded off on everything from women's issues and child care to politics, were popular. Das' first book of poetry, Summer In Calcutta was a breath of fresh air in Indian English poetry. She wrote chiefly of love, its betrayal, and the consequent anguish. Ms. Das abandoned the certainties offered by an archaic, and somewhat sterile, aestheticism for an independence of mind and body at a time when Indian poets were still governed by "19th-century diction, sentiment and romanticised love."[4] Her second book of poetry, The Descendants was even more explicit, urging women to: Gift him what makes you woman, the scent of Long hair, the musk of sweat between the breasts, The warm shock of menstrual blood, and all your Endless female hungers ..." - The Looking Glass This directness of her voice led to comparisons with Marguerite Duras and Sylvia Plath[4] At the age of 42, she published a daring autobiography, My Story; it was originally written in Malayalam (titled Ente Katha) and later she translated it into English. Later she itted that much of the autobiography had fictional elements.[5] Kamala Das wrote on a diverse range of topics, often disparate- from the story of a poor old servant, about the sexual disposition of upper middle class women living near a metropolitan city or in the middle of the ghetto. Some of her better-known stories include Pakshiyude Manam, Neypayasam, Thanuppu, and Chandana Marangal. She wrote a few novels, out of which Neermathalam Pootha Kalam, which was received favourably by the reading public as well as the critics, stands out. She travelled extensively to read poetry to 's University of Duisburg-Essen, University of Bonn and University of Duisburg universities, Adelaide Writer's Festival, Frankfurt Book Fair, University of Kingston, Jamaica, Singapore, and South Bank Festival (London), Concordia University (Montreal, Canada), etc. Her works are available in French, Spanish, Russian, German and Japanese. She has also held positions as Vice chairperson in Kerala Sahitya Akademi, chairperson in Kerala Forestry Board, President of the Kerala Children's Film Society, editor of Poet magazine[6] and Poetry editor of Illustrated Weekly of India.
2
Kamala Surayya Although occasionally seen as an attention-grabber in her early years,[7] she is now seen as one of the most formative influences on Indian English poetry. In 2009, The Times called her "the mother of modern English Indian poetry".[4]
Conversion to Islam She was born in a conservative Hindu Nair (Nallappattu) family having royal ancestry,she embraced Islam in 1999 at the age of 65 and assumed the name Kamala Surayya.[8] Her conversion was rather controversial, among social and literary circles, with The Hindu calling it part of her "histrionics".[7] She said she liked being behind the protective veil of the purdah.
Politics Though never politically active before, she launched a national political party, Lok Seva Party, aiming asylum to orphaned mothers and promotion of secularism. In 1984 she unsuccessfully contested in the Indian Parliament elections.[9]
Personal life Kamala Das had three sons - M D Nalapat, Chinnen Das and Jayasurya Das.[10] Madhav Das Nalapat, the eldest, is married to Princess Thiruvathira Thirunal Lakshmi Bayi (daughter of Princess Pooyam Thirunal Gouri Parvati Bayi and Sri Chembrol Raja Raja Varma Avargal) from the Travancore Royal House.[11] He holds the UNESCO Peace Chair and Professor of geopolitics at the Manipal Academy of Higher Education. He was formerly a resident editor of the Times of India. On 31 May 2009, aged 75, she died at a hospital in Pune. Her body was flown to her home state of Kerala. She was buried at the Palayam Juma Masjid at Thiruvanathapuram with full state honour.[12][13]
Awards and other recognitions Kamala Das has received many awards for her literary contribution, including: • • • • • • • • • •
Nominated and shortlisted for Nobel Prize for Literature in 1984.[14] Award of Asian PEN anthology - 1964 Kerala Sahitya Academy Award - 1969 (for Cold) Sahitya Academy Award - 1985 Asian Poetry Prize - 1998 Kent Award for English Writing from Asian Countries - 1999 Vayalar Award - 2001 Honorary D.Litt by University of Calicut - 2006[15] Muttathu Varkey Award - 2006[16] Ezhuthachan Puraskaram - 2009
3
Kamala Surayya
Bibliography English • • • • • • • • • • • • •
1964: The Sirens (Asian Poetry Prize winner) 1965: Summer in Calcutta (poetry; Kent's Award winner) 1967: The Descendants (poetry) 1973: The Old Playhouse and Other Poems (poetry) 1976: My Story (autobiography) 1977: Alphabet of Lust (novel) 1985: The Anamalai Poems (poetry) 1992: Pavati the Harlot and Other Stories (collection of short stories) 1996: Only the Soul Knows How to Sing (poetry) 2001: Yaa Allah (collection of poems) 1979: Tonight,This Savage Rite (with Pritish Nandy) 1999: My Mother At Sixty-six (Poem) - : My Grandmother House (Poem)
Malayalam • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
1964: Pakshiyude Manam (short stories) 1966: Naricheerukal Parakkumbol (short stories) 1968: Thanuppu (short story, Sahitya Academi award) 1982: Ente Katha (autobiography) 1987: Balyakala Smaranakal (Childhood Memories) 1989: Varshangalkku Mumbu (Years Before) 1990: Palayan (novel) 1991: Neypayasam (short story) 1992: Dayarikkurippukal (novel) 1994: Neermathalam Pootha Kalam (novel, Vayalar Award) 1996: Chekkerunna Pakshikal (short stories) 1998: Nashtapetta Neelambari (short stories) "Ente Kadha" (Autobiography) 2005: Chandana Marangal (Novel) 2005: Madhavikkuttiyude Unmakkadhakal (short stories)2x 2005: Vandikkalakal (novel) 1999: My Mother At Sixty-six (Poem)
4
Kamala Surayya
References [3] http:/ / www. cse. iitk. ac. in/ s/ amit/ books/ nandy-1977-strangertime-anthology-of. html [6] Love and longing (http:/ / timesofindia. indiatimes. com/ articleshow/ 31270799. cms) [7] http:/ / www. hinduonnet. com/ 2000/ 02/ 06/ stories/ 1306078m. htm [8] http:/ / tehelka. com/ story_main48. asp?filename=hub181210He_asked. asp [10] Kamala Das es away (http:/ / timesofindia. indiatimes. com/ india/ Kamala-Das-es-away/ articleshow/ 4599921. cms) [11] http:/ / www. royalark. net/ India/ trava4. htm [14] http:/ / www. enotes. com/ poetry-criticism/ das-kamala [16] Literary Awards - official website of Onformation and Public Relation Department (http:/ / www. prd. kerala. gov. in/ awards. htm)
8. The Ignited Soul by Shreekumar Varma (http:/ / www. deccanherald. com/ content/ 6643/ kamala-ignited-soul. html)
External links • Varsha Bhosle on Kamala Das' conversion to Islam (http://www.rediff.com/news/1999/dec/16varsha.htm) • "From Kamala Das to Dashi: Doing the right thing for wrong reasons?" by Dr Mohammad Omar Farooq (http:// globalwebpost.com/farooqm/writings/other/kamala.htm) • Translation of Neypayasam (http://www.littlemag.com/family/kamala.html) • Eroticism and feminism in Das' writings (http://www.english.emory.edu/Bahri/Das.html) • The histrionics of Kamala Das (http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/2000/02/06/stories/1306078m.htm) • Funeral (http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/004200906021241.htm) • Kamala Suraiyya (http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/culture-obituaries/books-obituaries/ 5446382/Kamala-Suraiyya.html) - Daily Telegraph obituary • Kamala Surayya ed by Gracy, Pa, Indu Menon, Sheeba Ramachandran and Arun Kaimal (http:// boolokam.com/archives/category/trending-topics/madhavikkutty) (in Malayalam) • Leela Menon's write-up in a pro-Hindu newspaper about Kamala Surayya's conversion to Islam (http://www. janmabhumidaily.com/jnb/News/117361) (in Malayalam)
5
Article Sources and Contributors
Article Sources and Contributors Kamala Surayya Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=562812593 Contributors: 7, Abhas Kumar, Abrus, Abusam, Ahoerstemeier, Ajaykrsnaa, Alan Shijo, Anandks007, Anupkc, Ashiq93, Aslam, Athulbnair, BC Lafferty, Basawala, Bearcat, Bhadani, BhaiSaab, Bioedits, Blue520, Bobrayner, C.Logan, Can't sleep, clown will eat me, CanisRufus, Captain Conundrum, Cflm001, Challiyan, ChrisGualtieri, Chzz, CopperMurdoch, DdraconiandevilL, Dreamzzz, Dsp13, Dual Freq, Dv82matt, Ekabhishek, Ekkavi, Epbr123, Favonian, Fraggle81, Freakofnurture, Gail, Gokul m1, Gokul009, Griffinofwales, Gsingh, Gurch, Hamzameppadi, Hello71, Humbleworks, IXavier, Iyerkri, Jaizal, Jaraalbe, Java7837, Jaycia, Jni, John Vandenberg, Keralite, Khazar, Kjrajesh, Krisuday, Kundan After Sundown, Kuzhinapurath, Lijujacobk, Lilaac, Linguisticgeek, LoganCale, Lugia2453, Lvl, MER-C, MONGO, Magioladitis, Malayala Sahityam, Mandyvandeven, Manu rocks, Masterknighted, Materialscientist, Mattisse, Milasa, Mitul Consul, Mschel, Mukerjee, Mwanner, Nairunni60, NickelShoe, Nidhi. mehta333, Nooranadu mohan, Nuwanda360, Obituarist, Outlook, PFHLai, Pectore, PiMaster3, PocklingtonDan, Praveenp, Purifyingfire, Pyrop, Rajamankkan, Rameez.salim, Randhirreddy, RashmiPatel, Rkm, Rimibchatterjee, Rj, Rjwilmsi, [email protected], RockMFR, Roland zh, Salih, Sarfarazhere, Shadabkm, Shadowjams, Shaheer84, Shashishekhar, Shivap, SidhardhRamesh, Sidharthan, Sitush, Snowcream, Soft coder, Spb789, Squids and Chips, Ssaa08, Ssusanm, Sumalsn, Sunithamenon, Swapnatom, Taz Manchester, Technopat, The Happy Witch, Thinkopotamus, Tinucherian, Tripping Nambiar, Utcursch, Vadakkan, Vanischenu, Vengeful Cynic, Vicharam, Vuvar1, WWGB, Waacstats, Widr, Woohookitty, Yahel Guhan, Zencv, Zuhairali, ﮐﺎﺷﻒ ﻋﻘﯿﻞ, 216 anonymous edits
Image Sources, Licenses and Contributors File:kamala das.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Kamala_das.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0,2.5,2.0,1.0 Contributors: Manojk, Roland zh, Sreejithk2000, 1 anonymous edits
License Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported //creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/
6
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