Impact Of Industrial Revolution On Architecture x2933

Impact of Industrial revolution on architecture industrial Revolution, which began inEnglandabout 1760, led to radical changes at every level of civilization throughout the world. The growth of heavy industry brought a flood of new building materials— such as cast iron, steel, and glass—with which architects and engineers devised structures hitherto undreamed of in function, size, and form. Disenchantment with baroque, with rococo, and even with neo-Palladianism turned late 18th-century designers and patrons toward the original Greek and Roman prototypes. Selective borrowing from another time and place became fashionable. Its Greek aspect was particularly strong in the young United States from the early years of the 19th century until about 1850. In , the imperial cult of Napoleon steered architecture in a more Roman direction, as seen in the Church of the Madeleine (1807-1842), a huge Roman temple in Paris. French architectural thought had been jolted at the turn of the century by the highly imaginative published projects of Étienne-Louis Boullée and Claude Nicholas Ledoux. These men were inspired by the massive aspects of Egyptian and Roman work, but their monumental (and often impractical) compositions were innovative, and they are ired today as visionary architects. Improvements to the iron making process encouraged the building of bridges and other structures. Large indoor open spaces were now made possible with the use of strong iron framed construction; this was ideal

for factories, museums and train stations. The Eiffel Tower, built for the 1889 Exhibition in Paris was a dramatic demonstration by the French of their mastery of this new construction technology. “To the architect-engineer belongs a new decorative art, such as ornamental bolts, iron corners extending beyond the main line, a sort of Gothic lacework of iron. We find that to some extent in the Eiffel Tower.” But it was heavily criticized by some architects and artists who scorned it as an example of the “blackness of industry” and saw it as blight on the city’s skyline. The Crystal Palace created to enclose the Great Exhibition of 1851 inEnglandwas a glass and iron showpiece, which dazzled the millions of visitors who ed through its doors. Built by Joseph Paxton within six months, its design mimicked the greenhouses that were his customary stock in trade. It was spacious enough to enclose mature existing trees within its walls