Ellipsis And Substitution 4r4g72

Ellipsis and Substitution – CAE Advanced

Ellipsis and substitution 1.- ELLIPSIS: LEAVING OUT SUBJECTS AND AUXILIARIES. After and, but, and or we often leave out a repeated subject or a repeated subject and auxiliary verb, especially when the clauses are short. After then we can also leave out a repeated subject pronoun. 1. 2. 3. 4.

He got up and (he) had a shower. She came to the meeting but (she) didn't say anything. We should phone him or (we should) send him an email. We usually have dinner at 10.00, and then (we) watch TV.

You cannot leave out the subject pronoun after before, after, because, when, and while. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

They locked the door and windows before they left. We'll have a look at the photos after we finish dinner. He's stressed because he has too much work. She was horrified when she saw the mess he had left. I met Sam while I was working in Italy.

2.- ELLIPSIS: LEAVING OUT VERB PHRASES OR ADJECTIVES We often leave out a repeated verb phrase or adjective, and just repeat the auxiliary or modal verb, or the verb be, e.g. Laura has never been to the States but her sister has been there ; Gary thinks he's right, but he isn't right. If the verb we don't want to repeat is the present or past simple, we substitute the verb with do / does / did. 1. 2. 3. 4.

Laura has never been to the States, but her sister has. Gary thinks he's right, but he isn't. I didn't like the film, but Mike did. They said I would love the film, but I don't think I would.

We can use a different auxiliary or modal verb from that used in the first part of the sentence. 1. I thought I would be able to come tonight, but in fact I can't. 2. I know you've never learned to drive, but I think you should have. 3. A: You must see his latest film! B: I already have.

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Ellipsis and Substitution – CAE Advanced We can also leave out a repeated verb phrase after the infinitive with to. This is called a reduced infinitive, e.g. I haven't been to Egypt, but I'd love to (go). 1. I haven't seen Mission Impossible yet, but I'd love to. 2. The students cheated in the exam, even though I told them not to (cheat).

3.- SUBSTITUTION: SO AND NOT. We often use so instead of repeating a whole positive clause after verbs of thinking (assume, believe, expect, guess, hope, imagine, presume, suppose, think) and also after be afraid, appear / seem and say. 1. I'll have finished the work by Friday, or at least I hope so. 2. A: Will you be working on Saturday? B: I suppose so, unless we get everything done tomorrow. 3. Mark loves animals, and his sister even more so. With negative clauses we use positive verb + not ( e.g. I hope not) with be afraid, assume, guess, hope, presume, and suspect. We normally use negative verb + so (e.g. I don't think so) with the verbs believe, expect, imagine, and think. 1. A: Do you think it'll rain tonight? B: I hope not. 2. A: She's not very likely to , is she? B: No, I'm afraid not. 3. The children may be back, but I don't think so. 4. I know she liked the present, even though she didn't say so.

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Ellipsis and Substitution – CAE Advanced

PRACTICE Ellipsis ACTIVITY 1: Match the sentence halves. Then check the correct answers.

A B C D E F G H

They tried the soup, but... They were whistling while... They'll have to get a visa before... They were sick with envy when... They can have lunch at home or... They hurried to the gate and... They were moaning because... They chatted for a while, and then...

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

... they saw our beautiful new house ... they had bought it. ... they turned off the light and went to sleep. ... they worked. ... they can travel there. ... they didn't like it. ... they boarded the plane. ... they can eat out.

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They only realized the painting was a fake after...

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... they didn't want to do their homework.

Ellipsis ACTIVITY 2: Choose and circle the right modal or auxiliary verb. Then check the correct answers. 1. Dan hasn't been camping before, but his friends DO / HAVE / WERE. 2.

My brother said he wasn't coming on holiday with us this year, but I think he WAS / MIGHT/ DOES

3.

Very few people in my street recycle their rubbish, but we always ARE / WILL / DO

4.

I know you haven't apologized yet, but I really think you DID / SHOULD / HAVE

5.

Everyone said I would win the prize, but I knew I WOULDN´T / HAVEN´T / DIDN´T

6.

They thought they'd be able to come to our wedding but, in fact, they HAVEN´T / WEREN´T / CAN´T

7.

Jessica gives the impression of being very confident, but actually she ISN´T / CAN´T / WASN´T

8. Most people weren't paying attention, but Andy DID / WAS / HAS. 9. My best friend said she'd come clubbing with me tonight, but now she says she DID / WAS / HAS .

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Ellipsis and Substitution – CAE Advanced

Substitution ACTIVITY 3: Complete the responses with a suitable word. Then check the correct answers. 1. A: Will we be going away in August as usual? B: I imagine …………... Unless something comes up.

2. A: Will you be ing us for dinner on Sunday? B: We'd like ………………… , but we can't.

3. A: I suppose we should get on with our work. B: I guess…………………. . The deadline is in two days.

4. A: Do you think you'll get a pay rise this year? B: I suspect …………………... We made a big loss last year.

5. A: Will your parents be at home this evening? B: I assume ……………………. . They don't usually go out.

6. A: Why did you buy that hideous green hat? B: My friend persuaded me ……………………….. .

7. A: Can I have a refund for this coat, please? B: I'm afraid ……………………... We only give refunds for non-sale goods.

8. A: Did you report the incident to the police? B : No, our lawyer advised us not………………………….. .

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