Cost ing Review Questions 621240

1 PROCESS COSTING- W.A. & FIFO 1.

Chicago Processing Co. uses the average costing method and reported a beginning inventory of 5,000 units that were 20% complete with respect to materials in one department. During the month, 11,000 units were started; 8,000 units were finished; ending inventory amounted to 8,000 units that were 60% complete with respect to materials. Total materials cost during the period for work in process should be spread over: A. 7,200 units B. 16,000 units C. 11,200 units D. 13,200 units E. 12,800 units ING CALCULATION: 8,000 + .60(8,000) = 12,800 units

2.

Beginning work in process was 60% complete as to conversion costs, and ending work in process was 45% complete as to conversion costs. The dollar amount of the conversion cost included in ending work in process (using the average cost method) is determined by multiplying the average unit conversion costs by what percentage of the total units in ending work in process? A. 60% B. 55% C. 45% D. 522% E. 100%

Answer: C 3.

Goode Manufacturing has three producing departments in its factory. The ending inventory in the Milling Department consisted of 3,000 units. These units were 60% complete with respect to labor and factory overhead. Materials are applied at the end of the milling process. Unit costs for the complete process in the Milling Department are: materials, P1; labor, P2; and factory overhead, P3. The appropriate unit cost for each unit in the ending inventory is: A. P2 B. P5 C. P3 D. P6 E. P4

ING CALCULATION: 60% (P2 + P3) = P3 4.

Gyro Products transferred 10,000 units to one department. An additional 3,000 units of materials were added in the department. At the end of the month, 7,000 units were transferred to the next department. There was no beginning inventory. The costs for units transferred in would be effectively allocated over: A. 17,000 units B. 3,000 units C. 10,000 units D. 7,000 units E. 13,000 units ING CALCULATION: 7,000 units transferred out + 6,000 units in ending inventory = 13,000 units

5.

Read, Inc. instituted a new process in October. During October, 10,000 units were started in Department A. Of the units started, 7,000 were transferred to Department B, and 3,000 remained in work in process at October 31. The work in process at October 31 was 100% complete as to material costs and 50% complete as to conversion costs. Materials costs of P27,000 and conversion costs of P39,950 were charged to Department A in October. What were the total costs transferred to Department B? A. P46,900 B. P53,600 C. P51,800 D. P57,120 E. none of the above ING CALCULATION:

2 Materials unit cost = P27,000 ) (7,000 + 3,000) = P2.70 Conversion unit cost = P39,950 ) [7,000 + 50%(3,000)] = P4.70 Costs transferred = 7,000(P2.70 + P4.70) = P51,800 C

6.

Dover Corporation's production cycle starts in the Mixing Department. The following information is available for April: Work in process, April 1 (50% complete)........................................... Started in April................................................................................... Work in process, April 30 (60% complete).........................................

Units 40,000 240,000 25,000

Materials are added at the beginning of the process in the Mixing Department. Using the average cost method, what are the equivalent units of production for the month of April? A. B. C. D. E.

Materials 255,000 270,000 280,000 305,000 240,000

Conversion 255,000 280,000 270,000 275,000 250,000

ING CALCULATION: Materials = 40,000 + 240,000 = 280,000 Conversion = (280,000 - 25,000) + .6(25,000) = 270,000 B

7.

Information concerning Department A of Neeley Company for June is as follows:

Beginning work in process.............................................. Started in June................................................................ Units completed.............................................................. Ending work in process...................................................

Units 17,000 82,000 85,000 14,000

Materials Costs P12,800 69,700

All materials are added at the beginning of the process. Using the average cost method, the cost per equivalent unit for materials is: A. P0.825 B. P0.833 C. P0.85 D. P0.97 E. P1.01 ING CALCULATION: (P12,800 + P69,700) ) (85,000 + 14,000) = P.833 B

8.

Kennedy Company adds materials in the beginning of the process in the Forming Department, which is the first of two stages of its production cycle. Information concerning the materials used in the Forming Department in October is as follows:

Work in process, October 1............................................. Units started................................................................... Units completed and transferred out..............................

Units 6,000 50,000 44,000

Materials Costs P 3,000 25,560

Using the average cost method, what was the materials cost of work in process at October 31? A. P3,000 B. P6,120 C. P3,060 D. P5,520 E. P6,000 ING CALCULATION: (P3,000 + P25,560) ) (44,000 + 12,000) = P.51 P.51 x 12,000 = P6,120

3 A 9. Connor Company computed the flow of physical units completed for Department M for the month of March as follows: Units completed: From work in process on March 1................................................... From March production................................................................... Total..........................................................................................

15,000 45,000 60,000

Materials are added at the beginning of the process. The 12,000 units of work in process at March 31 were 80% complete as to conversion costs. The work in process at March 1 was 60% complete as to conversion costs. Using the fifo method, the equivalent units for March conversion costs were: A. 60,600 B. 55,200 C. 57,000 D. 54,600 E. 63,600 ING CALCULATION: (15,000 x .4) + 45,000 + (12,000 x .8) = 60,600 D

10.

The Hilo Company computed the physical flow of units for Department A for the month of April as follows: Units completed: From work in process on April 1...................................................... From April production..................................................................... Total..........................................................................................

10,000 30,000 40,000

Materials are added at the beginning of the process. Units of work in process at April 30 were 8,000. The work in process at April 1 was 80% complete as to conversion costs, and the work in process at April 30 was 60% complete as to conversion costs. What are the equivalent units of production for the month of April using the fifo method? A. B. C. D. E.

Materials 48,000 40,000 36,800 38,000 48,000

Conversion Costs 48,000 47,600 38,000 36,800 44,800

ING CALCULATION: Materials = 30,000 + 8,000 = 38,000 Conversion = (10,000 x .2) + 30,000 + (8,000 x .6) = 36,800 E

11.

Department A is the first stage of Mann Company's production cycle. The following information is available for conversion costs for the month of April: ................................................................................................... Beginning work in process (60% complete)......................................... Started in April.................................................................................... Completed in April and transferred to Department B.......................... Ending work in process (40% complete)..............................................

Units 20,000 340,000 320,000 40,000

Using the fifo method, the equivalent units for the conversion cost calculation are: A. 336,000 B. 360,000 C. 328,000 D. 320,000 E. 324,000 ING CALCULATION: (20,000 x .4) + 300,000 + (40,000 x .4) = 324,000 SCRAP & SPOILAGE E

12.

All of the following s would be acceptable ones to credit at the time scrap is sold except: A. Scrap Sales B. Cost of Goods Sold

4 C. D. E.

Factory Overhead Control Work in Process all of the above would be acceptable

C

13.

Scrap includes all of the following except: A. the trimmings remaining after processing materials B. defective materials that cannot be used or returned to the vendor C. partially or fully completed units that are in some way defective D. broken parts resulting from employee or machine failures E. all of the above

A

14.

When spoilage occurs because of some action taken by the customer, the unrecoverable cost of the spoilage should be charged to: A. Work in Process B. Spoiled Goods Inventory C. Factory Overhead Control D. Applied Factory Overhead E. none of the above

C

15.

When spoilage occurs because of some internal failure, the unrecoverable cost should be charged to: A. Work in Process B. Spoiled Goods Inventory C. Factory Overhead Control D. Applied Factory Overhead E. none of the above

A

16.

When rework occurs because of some action taken by the customer, the cost of the rework should be charged to: A. Work in Process B. Spoiled Goods Inventory C. Factory Overhead Control D. Applied Factory Overhead E. none of the above

C

17.

When rework occurs because of some internal failure, the cost of the rework should be charged to: A. Work in Process B. Spoiled Goods Inventory C. Factory Overhead Control D. Applied Factory Overhead E. none of the above

C

18.

Spoilage occurs as a result of an internal failure in a process cost system. Using average costing, the number of equivalent units that production costs should be charged to would be based upon: A. spoiled units B. units transferred out and spoiled units C. units transferred out, spoiled units, and units in ending inventory D. units transferred out and units in ending inventory E. none of the above

D

19.

Spoilage occurs as a result of normal production shrinkage in a process cost system. Using average costing, the number of equivalent units that production costs should be charged to would be based upon: A. spoiled units B. units transferred out and spoiled units C. units transferred out, spoiled units, and units in ending inventory D. units transferred out and units in ending inventory E. none of the above

C

20.

In a process cost system, the cost of spoilage due to an internal production failure should be recorded as: A. dr. Work in Process; cr. Finished Goods B. dr. Work in Process; cr. Factory Overhead Control C. dr. Factory Overhead Control; cr. Work in Process D. dr. Materials; cr. Factory Overhead E. dr. Finished Goods; cr. Work in Process

B

21.

Gyro Products transferred 10,000 units to one department. An additional 3,000 units of materials were added in the department. At the end of the month, 7,000 units were transferred to finished goods; while 4,000 units remained in work in

5 process inventory. There was no beginning inventory, and lost units were a result of normal production shrinkage. The production costs for the period in this department would be effectively allocated over: A. 12,000 units B. 11,000 units C. 10,000 units D. 7,000 units E. 13,000 units ING CALCULATION: 7,000 + 4,000 = 11,000 B

22.

In manufacturing its products for the month of March, Leo Co. incurred normal production shrinkage of P10,000 and spoilage due to internal failure of P12,000. How much spoilage cost should Leo charge to Factory Overhead Control for the month of March? A. P22,000 B. P12,000 C. P10,000 D. P0 E. none of the above

C

23.

Willis, Inc. instituted a new process in October. During October, 10,000 units were started in Department A. Of the units started, 1,000 were lost in the process due to normal production shrinkage, 7,000 were transferred to Department B, and 2,000 remained in work in process at October 31. The work in process at October 31 was 100% complete as to materials costs and 50% complete as to conversion costs. Materials costs of P27,000 and conversion costs of P40,000 were charged to Department A in October. What were the total costs transferred to Department B? A. P46,900 B. P53,600 C. P56,000 D. P57,120 E. none of the above ING CALCULATION: Materials: P27,000 ) (7,000 + 2,000) = P3 Conversion: P40,000 ) (7,000 + 1,000) = P5 Transferred costs: 7,000 x P8 = P56,000

D

24.

A company that manufactures baseballs begins operations on January 1. Each baseball requires three elements: a hard plastic core, several yards of twine that are wrapped around the plastic core, and a piece of leather to cover the baseball. The plastic core is started down a conveyor belt and is automatically wrapped with the twine to the approximate size of the baseball, at which time the leather cover is sewn to the wrapped twine. Finished baseballs are inspected, and the ones that are defective due to internal production failure are pulled out. Defective baseballs cannot be economically salvaged and are destroyed. Cost and production reports for the first week of operations are: Raw material cost.................................................................................. Conversion cost...................................................................................... ......................................................................................................

P

840 315 P 1,155

During the week, 2,100 baseballs were completed; 2,000 ed inspection. There was no ending work in process. The cost of the spoilage charged to Factory Overhead is: A. P33 B. P22 C. P1,100 D. P55 E. none of the above ING CALCULATION: Materials: P840 ) (2,000 + 100) = P.40 Conversion: P315 ) (2,000 + 100) = P.15 Spoilage: 100 x P.55 = P55 A

25.

In a process cost system, the cost of rework usually is debited to: A. Factory Overhead Control

6 B. C. D. E. D

26.

Applied Factory Overhead Spoiled Goods Inventory Work in Process none of the above

If spoilage occurs as a result of an internal failure in a process cost system, using fifo costing, the number of equivalent units that production costs should be charged to would be based upon: A. spoiled units B. units transferred out and spoiled units C. units transferred out, beginning inventory, and units in ending inventory D. units transferred out, spoiled units, units in ending inventory, and units in beginning inventory E. none of the above

7 C

27.

If spoilage occurs as a result of normal production shrinkage in a process cost system, using fifo costing, the number of equivalent units that production costs should be charged to would be based on: A. spoiled units B. units transferred out and spoiled units C. units transferred out, beginning inventory, and units in ending inventory D. units transferred out, spoiled units, units in ending inventory, and units in beginning inventory E. none of the above

B

28.

Primo Products transferred 15,000 units to one department. An additional 5,000 units were in beginning inventory in the department. At the end of the month, 12,000 units were transferred to the next department, 6,000 units remained in work in process, 40% complete as to conversion costs and the remaining units were lost at the 75% stage of conversion. Beginning inventory was 60% complete as to conversion costs and lost units were the result of internal failure. The equivalent units of conversion cost using fifo costing is: A. 14,400 B. 12,900 C. 13,900 D. 13,400 E. none of the above ING CALCULATION: Equivalent units in beginning inventory (40% x 5,000)........................ Equivalent units started and completed during period (12,000 - 5,000)............................................................................. Equivalent units in ending inventory (40% x 6,000)............................. Equivalent units of spoilage (75% x 2,000).......................................... Total equivalent units...........................................................................

A

29.

2,000 7,000 2,400 1,500 12,900

Primo Products transferred 15,000 units to one department. An additional 5,000 units were added in the department. At the end of the month, 12,000 units were transferred to the next department, 6,000 units remained in work in process, 40% complete as to conversion costs and the remaining units were lost at the 75% stage of conversion. Beginning inventory was 60% complete as to conversion costs, and lost units were the result of normal production shrinkage. The equivalent units of conversion cost using fifo is: A. 11,400 B. 14,400 C. 12,900 D. 13,400 E. none of the above ING CALCULATION: Equivalent units in beginning inventory (40% x 5,000)........................ Equivalent units started and completed during period (12,000 - 5,000)............................................................................. Equivalent units in ending inventory (40% x 6,000)............................. Total equivalent units...........................................................................

2,000 7,000 2,400 11,400

8 COSTING BY-PRODUCTS AND T PRODUCTS D

30.

The Hovart Corporation manufactures two products out of a t process-Compod and Ultrasene. The t (common) costs incurred are P250,000 for a standard production run that generates 120,000 gallons of Compod and 80,000 gallons of Ultrasene. Compod sells for P2.00 per gallon, while Ultrasene sells for P3.25 per gallon. If there are no additional processing costs incurred after the split-off point, the amount of t cost of each production run allocated to Compod by the quantitative unit method is: A. P100,000 B. P120,000 C. P130,000 D. P150,000 E. some amount other than those given above ING CALCULATION:

120,000 _ $250,000 = $150,000 120,000 + 80,000 A

31.

Ace Company produced 20,000 units of Clubs, 15,000 units of Diamonds, and 10,000 units of Hearts. If the company uses the average unit cost method of allocating t production costs, which were P120,000 for the period, the t costs allocated to Diamonds would be: A. P40,000 B. P20,000 C. P80,000 D. P45,000 E. none of the above ING CALCULATION:

15,000 _ $120,000 = $40,000 20,000 + 15,000 + 10,000 C

32.

A company uses the weighted average method to assign t products. Weight factors used to assign t costs to its three t products were: Product A, 4 points; Product B, 7 points; and Product C, 8 points. Units produced were: Product A, 10,000; Product B, 5,000; and Product C, 3,125. The amount of the t costs of P100,000 that would be allocated to Product C are: A. P42,105 B. P17,241 C. P25,000 D. P30,000 E. none of the above

D

33.

Tobin Company manufactures products S and T from a t process. The market value at split-off was P50,000 for 6,000 units of Product S and P50,000 for 2,000 units of Product T. Assuming that the portion of the total t cost properly allocated to Product S using the market value method was P30,000, the total t cost was:

8

9 A. B. C. D. E.

P40,000 P42,500 P45,000 P60,000 P75,000

ING CALCULATION:

$50,000 = .5 $50,000 + $50,000

$30,000 = $60,000 .5 D

34.

Alphabet Company manufactures Products A and B from a t process that also yields a by-product, X. Alphabet s for the revenues from its by-product sales as a deduction from the cost of goods sold of its main products. Additional information is as follows: A Units produced.................... 15,000 t costs............................ Market value at split-off....... P290,000

B 9,000 P150,000

X 6,000 P264,000 P 10,000

Total 30,000 P450,000

Assuming that t product costs are allocated using the market value at the split-off approach, the t cost allocated to Product B would be: A. P136,540 B. P79,200 C. P88,000 D. P86,591 E. P99,000 ING CALCULATION:

$150,000 _ ($264,000 • $10,000) = $86,591 $290,000 + $150,000

D

35.

Idaho Corporation manufactures liquid chemicals A and B from a t process. t costs are allocated on the basis of relative market value at split-off. It costs P4,560 to process 500 gallons of Product A and 1,000 gallons of Product B to the split-off point. The market value at split-off is P10 per gallon for Product A and

9

10 P14 for Product B. Product B requires an additional process beyond split-off at a cost of P2 per gallon before it can be sold. What is Idaho's cost to produce 1,000 gallons of Product B? A. P5,040 B. P4,360 C. P4,860 D. P5,360 E. P3,360 36. Determination of Ending Inventory; Hypothetical Market Value Method. Macho Inc. manufactures two beveragesCRed Eye and Tornado. The production process is such that both beverages are tly processed in the Basic Blending Department. At the end of the basic blending process, Red Eye is sold at P10 per gallon, but Tornado must be processed at a further cost of P7 per gallon before it can be sold at P15 per gallon. In June, the total t cost amounted to P96,000, while 5,000 gallons of Red Eye and 12,500 gallons of Tornado were produced. There were no beginning inventories. At the end of June, there were 1,500 gallons of Red Eye and 2,000 gallons of Tornado on hand. Required: Calculate the ending inventory costs for Red Eye and Tornado, using the hypothetical market value method. SOLUTION Ending Inventory Unit Costs Total Product (Units) (per Schedule) Costs Red Eye................................................................... 1,500 P 6.40 P 9,600 Tornado................................................................... 2,000 12.12 24,240 Ending inventory............................................... P 33,840 Ultimate Market Value Product per Unit Red Eye............................................... P10 Tornado............................................... 15 ( ( ( ( ( ( 1 2

Hypothetical Market Value P 50,000 100,000 P 150,000

t Cost Allocation2 P32,000 64,000 P96,000

Total Production Cost P 32,000 151,500 P 183,500

Units Produced 5,000 12,500

Ultimate Market Value P 50,000 187,500 P 237,500

Processing) Costs After) Split-Off ) 0 ) P87,5001 ) P87,500 )

Unit Cost P 6.40 12.12

12,500 units x P7 = P87,500 P96,000/P150,000 = 64%, percentage to allocate t cost

COST OF QUALITY A

37.

The quality costs that are associated with materials and products that fail to meet quality standards and result in manufacturing losses are known as: A. internal failure costs B. external failure costs C. prevention costs D. appraisal costs E. none of the above

10

11 D

38.

The quality costs that are associated with deg, implementing, and maintaining the quality system are known as: A. appraisal costs B. internal failure costs C. external failure costs D. prevention costs E. none of the above

C

39.

The quality costs that are incurred to ensure that materials and products meet quality standards are known as: A. external failure costs B. prevention costs C. appraisal costs D. internal failure costs E. none of the above

B

40.

The quality costs that are incurred because inferior quality products are shipped to customers are known as: A. internal failure costs B. external failure costs C. prevention costs D. appraisal costs E. none of the above

D

41.

All of the following are characteristics of total quality management except: A. the company's objective for all business activity is to serve its customers B. top management provides an active leadership role in quality improvement C. all employees are actively involved in quality improvement D. the company maintains a loosely defined system of identifying quality problems so as not to stifle employee creativity E. the company provides continuous training as well as recognition for achievement

A

42.

The A. B. C. D. E.

C

43.

A mathematical technique used to monitor production quality and reduce product variability is: A. the method of least squares B. the statistical scattergraph method C. statistical process control D. linear programming E. none of the above

D

44.

Appraisal costs include all of the following except: A. inspecting and testing materials B. inspecting products during and after production C. obtaining information from customers about product satisfaction D. deg quality into the product and the production process E. all of the above

best approach to quality improvement is to concentrate on: prevention detection appraisal increased production none of the above

11

12 B

45.

Internal failure costs include all of the following except: A. the cost of the scrap B. the cost of warranty repairs and replacements C. rework D. downtime due to machine failures E. all of the above

THEORY OF CONSTRAINTS C

46.

A specialized version of direct costing for short-run optimization is : A. learning theory B. absorption costing C. the theory of constraints D. variable costing E. none of the above

D

47.

The A. B. C. D. E.

B

48.

The practice of improving a reported volume or idle capacity variance by producing more than is currently needed is viewed by the theory of constraints as : A. a benefit with no cost increase B. a cost increase with no benefit C. both a cost increase and a benefit D. worthwhile from a cost/benefit perspective E. none of the above

E

49.

The theory of constraints is a short-run optimization technique that views which of the following as relatively constant : A. resources B. technology C. product lines D. demand E. all of the above

A

50.

The A. B. C. D. E.

theory of constraints uses which of the following basic measures : throughput operating expense assets all of the above none of the above

theory of constraints is primarily useful for : short-run decisions medium range decisions long-run decisions both short-run and long-run decisions medium range to long-run decisions

12