Conjunction .ppt 6a3o43

CONJUNCTIONS AND INTERJECTIONS M. Ilham Ramadhan Wanda Pandu W.

What is a Conjunction? • A conjunction is like glue. It helps things to stick together.

• A conjunction s words, phrases, and sentences, which

are called clauses.

What is a Conjunction? • Conjunctions two or more words.

Example: I went to the store to buy eggs, milk, and bread.

What is a Conjunction? • Conjunctions can two prepositional phrases.

Ex. I went skiing down the hill and past the trees.

What is a Conjunction? • Conjunctions can connect two clauses or sentences. • When two sentences are ed, a comma MUST be

placed before the conjunction. Ex. I played cards for awhile, but then I played chess.

All of these words, and many more, are conjunctions ! ! ! or

for

than while

if

before

even though nor

and since ye t wher e

whether

wherever

then because

so although unless until

Let us take a closer

but

What is a conjunction? Conjunction is the name for those common words that are used to (con) parts of sentences. Also, conjunctions may be used to begin certain sentences. 

There are two different types of conjunctions: coordinating conjunctions and subordinating conjunctions. 

Conjunctions sometimes work in pairs and are called correlative conjunctions. 

Conjunctive adverbs are also frequently used to provide logical connections in sentences. 

Coordinating Conjunction • They connect words, phrases, and clauses, which are

sentences. • They connect things of equal value. (This means that they would connect a noun with another noun or a prepositional phrase with another prepositional phrase.)

Coordinating Conjunction

When to Use Each Coordinating Conjunction: Reason

Coordinating Conjunction

To communicate addition To communicate contrast To communicate a result/effect To communicate a reason/cause To communicate a choice To communicate a negative choice

and but, yet so for or nor

Use them between two independent clauses.

Coordinating Conjunction • F- for

introduces the reason for the first clause

• A- and

s two similar ideas together

• N- nor

not used very often

• B- but

s two contrasting ideas

• O- or

s two alternative ideas

• Y- yet • S- so

s contrasting ideas (like “but”) shows the second idea results from the first

Coordinating conjunction • Coordinating conjunctions affect the meaning of your

sentence. • “For” is also used to show a relationship between things. When it is used to combine two sentences, you must put a comma before it. • Ex. I ordered a pizza, for I was hungry.

Coordinating conjunction • Coordinating conjunctions affect the meaning of your

sentence. • “And” connects things that are alike or ed together. • Ex. I want popcorn and pizza.

Coordinating conjunction • Coordinating conjunctions affect the meaning of your

sentence. • “But” is used to connect things that are different or separated. • Ex. I want popcorn but not pizza.

Coordinating conjunction • Coordinating conjunctions affect the meaning of your

sentence. • “Or” is used to offer a choice. • Ex. Do I want popcorn or pizza?

Coordinating conjunction • Coordinating conjunctions affect the meaning of your

sentence. • “Nor” is used to offer a negative choice. • Ex. I do not want popcorn nor pizza.

Coordinating conjunction • Coordinating conjunctions affect the meaning of your

sentence. • “Yet” is used to show a change. When it is used to combine two sentences, you must put a comma before it. • Ex. I want popcorn, yet I also want pizza.

Coordinating conjunction • Coordinating conjunctions affect the meaning of your

sentence. • “So” is used to show a relationship between things. When it is used to combine two sentences, you must put a comma before it. • Ex. I want popcorn, so I made some.

More Coordinating Conjunctions...

These are likely used less often; however, they serve an important function.

When to Use Each Coordinating Conjunction:

Reason To communicate additional information

Coordinating Conjunction

consequently furthermore however indeed moreover nevertheless then therefore Use them between two independent clauses.

Coordinating Conjunction Examples of coordinating conjunctions in sentences: Ex. He only wears brown wingtips, consequently, he does not wear white socks. ( Consequently s two independent clauses.) Ex. The shoes were not suede, however, they were leather. (However s two independent clauses.) Ex. It was not a Eve party, nevertheless, many came dressed in costumes. (nevertheless s two independent clauses.)

Subordinate Conjunctions These conjunctions are used to express relationships between a dependent and an independent clause. When to Use Common Subordinate Conjunctions: Reason

Subordinate Conjunction

Regarding time

after, before, once, since, until, when, whenever, while as, because, since in order that, so, so that, that even if, unless although, even though, though, whereas where, wherever than, whether

To communicate a reason/cause To communicate a result/effect To communicate a conditionif To communicate contrast Regarding location Regarding a choice

Subordinate Conjunctions

Subordinate conjunctions often begin a dependent clause. If the dependent clause begins or interrupts the sentence, then it is separated from the independent clause by a comma.

Examples of subordinate conjunctions in sentences: Once she found the perfect broach, she purchased three outfits to match it. (Once demonstrates a time context. A Ex.

comma is used because the conjunction begins the sentence.) Ex. He wore the top hat wherever he went. (Wherever demonstrates a location context. Though wherever begins the dependent clause, no comma is used because it does not begin the sentence or interrupt the sentence.)

Correlative conjunction • Another type of conjunction is called correlative

conjunctions. • Correlative conjunctions connect words, phrases, and clauses, which are sentences. • Correlative conjunctions connect things of equal value. (This means that they will connect a verb with another verb or a sentence with another sentence.)

Correlative conjunction • Correlative Conjunctions are not single words.

They work in pairs. • There are five pairs of correlative conjunctions: both….and

whether….or

not only….but also

neither….nor

either….or

Examples of Correlative Conjunctions

I saw both the Statue of Liberty and the Empire State Building.

Examples of Correlative Conjunctions

I don’t want neither pickles nor tomato on my hamburger.

Examples of Correlative Conjunctions

I don’t know whether to play baseball or to play basketball this year.

Examples of Correlative Conjunctions

Either the student or the teacher can answer the question.

Examples of Correlative Conjunctions

Not only do I play the flute, but I also play the clarinet.

Correlative Conjunctions Common Correlative Conjunctions and Examples: both, and

Ex. Both maroon and gray accent nicely.

either, or

Ex. I like to wear either pants or capris.

neither, nor

Ex. Neither the shirt nor the jacket fit.

not only, but (also)

Ex. Not only one button fell off, but all of them.

whether, or

Ex. Whether or not you wear nice clothes, you have to wear clothes.

not, so much as

Ex. It was not that his clothes were flamboyant so much as they were purplish.

Conjunctive Adverbs Conjunctive adverbs provide connections and transitions that clarify or limit the meaning of words.

When to Use Common Conjunctive Adverbs: Reason To communicate addition To communicate contrast

Conjunctive Adverb

also, furthermore, besides however, still, nevertheless, instead, otherwise To communicate comparison similarly, likewise To introduce a result/summary therefore, thus, consequently, accordingly, hence, then To indicate time next, then, meanwhile, finally To communicate emphasis indeed, certainly

Conjunctive Adverbs

Conjunctive adverbs can appear anywhere in a sentence. They should be followed by a comma and, when in the middle of a sentence, preceded by a semicolon. Examples of conjunctive adverbs in sentences: Ex. Furthermore, stiletto heels are not a fad; they are classic! (Furthermore communicates an additional statement and is followed by a comma.) Ex. His red cape caught on the skyscraper; therefore, his flying ended abruptly. (Therefore communicates a result and is preceded by a semicolon because it is in the middle of the sentence.)

1. Farhan has a great jump shot ..... he isn't quick on 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

his feet. Farhan is neither sane ..... brilliant. Farhan plays basketball well, .... his favorite sport is bton Farhan is not the only Olympic athlete in his family, .... are his brother, sister, and his Uncle Chet Farhan wants popcorn, .... Farhan made some My favorite soda is Sprite, .... Anne’s is Coca-Cola. I like to eat cake ... drink tea. I like my classes. I like my teachers (make sent. With conj) Sarah ran away ..... the dog pursue.

I love New Bern High School. I like my classes .... teachers. I enjoy going to football games, .... I don’t like the crowds of people there. I am in the band, .... I get in for free.