Classification Of Antibiotics 1t1e5p

A N TIB IO TIC C LA SS IFIC ATIO N B Y S P EC TR U M O F A C TIV ITY A N D TY P E O F A C TIV ITY

Group I

Melda Yunita Muh. Noor Adrian Siti Nur Azizah Susi Ratnaningtyas Priyanto Dwi Nugroho Ni Putu Ratna Ayu Krishanti Nurul Hidayah

Spectrum ofActivity of Antibiotics

Narrow-spectrum antibiotics (narrow activity) This antibiotics are mainly effective against a limited group of microbes and exhibit lower toxicity to the host

Gram-positive bacteria Example: penicillin G and penicillin V, erythromycin, clindamycin, kanamycin Gram-negative bacteria Example: streptomycin, gentamicin, polymyxin-B, nalidixic acid

Broad-spectrum antibiotics (broad activity) This antibiotics effective against many types of microbes and tend to have higher toxicity to the host

Example: sulfonamides, ampicillin, cephalosporins, chloramphenicol, tetracycline and rifampicin

(Lambert

Classifi cation ofantibiotics by spectrum of action

(Southwick 2009)

(Southwick 2009)

(Crueger and Crueger,

Type ofAntibiotic Activity

Type ofAntibiotic Activity  “bacteriostatic”

means that the agent prevents the growth of bacteria (i.e., it keeps them in the stationary (Pankey dangrowth). Sabath phase of 2004)

(Madigan et al. 2012)

Type of Antibiotic Activity antibiotic bacteriostatic inhibit the growth of bacteria sulphonamid, tetraciklin, chloramphenicol, macrolid (eritromicin, azitromicin) trimetropim, linkomicin, klindamicin

Type ofAntibiotic Activity  “bactericidal”

means that antibiotic kills bacteria.  “bactericidal” usually to kill every microrganism (if, for instance, the (Pankey danis Sabath inoculum large) 2004) within 18–24 h

(Madigan et al. 2012)

Type of Antibiotic Activity

antibiotic bactericidal kill bacteria beta lactam antibiotic (penicilin, cephalosporin), polypeptid antibiotic (polymikcin, vancomicin, bacitracin), siclocerin, rifampicin, chotrimoksazol, isoniazid, nalidixic acid, carbapenem

Whether a drug is bactericidal or bacteriostatic often depends on:  its concentration at the infection site  the susceptibility of the microorganism to the drug.  Successful treatment with bacteriostatic antibiotics depends on the ability of the host’s immune system to eliminate the inhibited bacteria and an adequate duration of drug therapy. Stopping an antibiotic prematurely can result in rapid resumption of bacterial growth.  Bactericidal drugs are preferred in serious infections, especially in people with impaired immune function.

References Crueger W, Crueger A. 1984. Biotechnology: A Textbook of Industrial Microbiology. US: Science Tech, Inc. Lambert PA. 1998. Mechanism of action of antibiotics. Di dalam Hugo WB dan Russell AD, editor. Pharmaceutical Microbiology. London (UK): Blackwell Science Ltd. Madigan MT, Martinko JM, Stahl DA, Clark DP. 2012. Brock Biology of Microorganisms 13th ed. San Francisco (US). Benjamin Cummings. Pankey GA, Sabath LD. 2004. Clinical relevance of bacteriostatic versus bactericidal mechanisms of action in the treatment of Gram positive bacterial infections. Clinical Infectious Diseases.38:864–870. Southwick FS. 2009. Anti-infective therapy. Di dalam Southwick FS, editor. A clinical short course: Infectious Disease . New York (US): McGraw-Hill Medical Publishing Division