Chapter 1 - A Brief History Of The Multi-racial Population Of Malaysia 5e1y2d

CHAPTER 1 A Brief History Of The Multi-racial Population Of Malaysia INSPIRING CREATIVE AND INNOVATIVE MINDS

A FIRST GLANCE OF MALAYSIA For any visitors to Malaysia, one of the first words which they will hear once they get on board a Malaysia bound airline flight is “Selamat Datang”. It means “Welcome” in Malay.

INSPIRING CREATIVE AND INNOVATIVE MINDS

One of the “Asian Economic Tigers” in South East Asia, there are many “M” words that can be used to describe Malaysia. Words like “Multi-Cultural”, “Multi-Ethic”, “MultiLingual”, “Mysterious”, “Mystical”, and “Magnificent” can all be used to singularly or collectively describe this relatively young nation of 29 million people INSPIRING CREATIVE AND INNOVATIVE MINDS

MALAYSIA TRULY ASIA • This is due to the fact that it is one of the few countries in Asia that has three (3) major races, Chinese, Malays and Indians, in significant numbers in one place. In fact, it is this diversity that is afforded by the various races in this country that make “Malaysia Truly Asia”. INSPIRING CREATIVE AND INNOVATIVE MINDS

FLAG

Malaysian flag known as Jalur Gemilang. INSPIRING CREATIVE AND INNOVATIVE MINDS

THE FLAG • Malaysia Name Jalur Gemilang ("Stripes of Glory") • Adopted : 26 May 1950 (original 11-point star and 11 stripes) 16 September 1963 (current 14-point star and 14 stripes) • Design : Fourteen horizontal stripes alternating red and white; in the canton, a yellow crescent and 14-point star on a blue field • Designed by Mohamed Hamzah[N 1]

THE MEANING • The 14 stripes, of equal width, represent the equal status in the federation of the 13 member states and the federal government, while the 14 points of the star represent the unity between these entities.[2] The crescent represents Islam, the country's official religion; the blue canton symbolizes the unity of the Malaysian people; the yellow of the star and crescent is the royal colour of the Malay rulers.

GEOGRAPHICAL • Malaysia is a country in Southeast Asia that consists of 13 states and 3 Federal Territories. • Total landmass of 329,847 square kilometers (127,355 sq mi). • The capital city is Kuala Lumpur, while Putrajaya is the seat of the federal government. INSPIRING CREATIVE AND INNOVATIVE MINDS

GEOGRAPHICAL • The Federal Territories in Malaysia comprise three territories: Kuala Lumpur, Putrajaya and Labuan, governed directly by the federal government of Malaysia.

GEOGRAPHICAL • Kuala Lumpur is the national capital of Malaysia, Putrajaya is the istrative capital, and Labuan is an offshore international financial centre. Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya are enclaves in the state of Selangor, while Labuan is an island off the coast of Sabah.

MALAYSIA

Putrajaya INSPIRING CREATIVE AND INNOVATIVE MINDS

MALAYSIA

Petronas Twin towers (KLCC) INSPIRING CREATIVE AND INNOVATIVE MINDS

MALAYSIA

KL Tower INSPIRING CREATIVE AND INNOVATIVE MINDS

MALAYSIA

Kuala Lumpur INSPIRING CREATIVE AND INNOVATIVE MINDS

Some Government Buildings

Night view of Palace of Justice from Putrajaya Corporation Building Complex

View of Prime Minister’s office at dusk

Putrajaya Corporation Building Complex at dusk

Third Federal Territory • Putrajaya is referred to as istrative center not capital; • The main offices of government was shifted in 1999 from Kuala Lumpur to Putrajaya, due to the overcrowding and congestion in the Kuala Lumpur areas. • Putrajaya became Malaysia's third Federal Territory after Kuala Lumpur and Labuan.

MAPS


GEOGRAPHICAL • The country is separated into two regions — Peninsular Malaysia and Malaysian Borneo — by the South China Sea. • Malaysia borders Thailand, Indonesia, Singapore and Brunei. • The country is located near the equator and experiences a tropical climate. INSPIRING CREATIVE AND INNOVATIVE MINDS

Introduction of Malaysia

Malaysia located in middle of South East of Asia which is separated by South China Sea into two regions, Peninsular Malaysia and Malaysian Borneo. Southern border shared with Thailand. In the north Borneo side neighboring countries are Singapore and Indonesia. The northern one-third of island of Borneo , that is bordering with Brunei and Indonesia.

Climate of Malaysia It is difficult to generalize about the country's climate, as rainfall differs on the east and west coasts according to the prevailing monsoon winds (northeast or southwest). Average daytime temperatures in the Malaysia is around 27°C (82°F) year round. The main rainy season in the East, runs between November and February, while August is the rainy month on the west coast. East Malaysia has heavy rains (November to February).

GENTING HIGHLAND

CAMERON HIGHLAND

GOVERNMENT • Malaysia is a federal constitutional elective monarchy. • The federal head of state of Malaysia is the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, commonly referred to as the King of Malaysia.


MALAYSIA

Yang Dipertuan Agong Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin al-Mukhtafi Billal Shah INSPIRING CREATIVE AND INNOVATIVE MINDS

GOVERNMENT • The Yang di-Pertuan Agong is elected to a five-year term among the nine hereditary Sultans of the Malay states; the other four states, which have Governors, do not participate in the selection.


GOVERNMENT • The system of government in Malaysia is closely modeled on that of Westminster parliamentary system, a legacy of British colonial rule. • The government is headed by a Prime Minister.


MALAYSIA

The current Prime Minister of Malaysia Dato’ Seri Najib Tun Abdul Razak INSPIRING CREATIVE AND INNOVATIVE MINDS

HISTORY • The UK had established influence in colonies in the territory from the late18th century. • The western half of modern Malaysia was composed of several separate kingdoms known as British Malaya until its dissolution in 1946, when it was reorganized as the Malayan Union. INSPIRING CREATIVE AND INNOVATIVE MINDS

HISTORY • Due to widespread opposition, it was reorganized again as the Federation of Malaya in 1948 and later gained independence on 31 August 1957. • Singapore, Sarawak, British North Borneo and the Federation of Malaya ed to form Malaysia on 16 September 1963. INSPIRING CREATIVE AND INNOVATIVE MINDS

HISTORY • The union however, was unstable due to distrust and ideological differences between leaders of the State of Singapore and the federal government of Malaysia. Such issues resulted in frequent disagreement within politics, economic, financial and social policies.


HISTORY • The conflict spread to the populace, resulting in major racial riots in 1964 in Singapore. In 1965, Malaysian Prime Minister Tunku Abdul Rahman decided upon the expulsion of Singapore from the Federation, leading to the Independence of Singapore on 9 August 1965.

DEMOGRAPHIC • The population stands at 29,179,952 (July 2011 est.) • Malays form the majority of the population of Malaysia. • The Malay language and Islam are the official language and religion of the federation respectively. INSPIRING CREATIVE AND INNOVATIVE MINDS

DEMOGRAPHIC • Ethnic groups • Malay 50.4%, Chinese 23.7%, indigenous 11%, Indian 7.1%, others 7.8% (2004 est.)


DEMOGRAPHIC • By constitutional definition, Malays are Muslims who practice Malay customs (adat) and culture. • Non-Malay bumiputra groups make up more than half of the state of Sarawak's population (of which 30% are Ibans), and close to 60% of Sabah's population (of which 18% are Kadazan-Dusuns, and 17% are Bajaus). INSPIRING CREATIVE AND INNOVATIVE MINDS

DEMOGRAPHIC • There also exist aboriginal groups in much smaller numbers on the Peninsula, where they are collectively known as Orang Asli.


DEMOGRAPHIC • Languages • Bahasa Malaysia (official), English, Chinese (Cantonese, Mandarin, Hokkien, Hakka, Hainan, Foochow), Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam, Panjabi, Thai note: in East Malaysia there are several indigenous languages; most widely spoken are Iban and Kadazan

RELIGION


RELIGION • Malaysia is a multi-religious society and Islam is the official religion. • According to the Population and Housing Census 2000 figures, approximately 60.4 percent of the population practiced Islam; 19.2 percent Buddhism; 9.1 percent Christianity; 6.3 percent Hinduism; and 2.6 percent traditional Chinese religions. INSPIRING CREATIVE AND INNOVATIVE MINDS

RELIGION • The remaining have other faiths while 1.1% either reported as having no religion or did not provide any information.


RELIGION

Buddhism INSPIRING CREATIVE AND INNOVATIVE MINDS

MALAY


BUMIPUTRA • The Malay are Malaysia's largest ethnic group, ing for over half the population and the national language. • With the oldest indigenous peoples they form a group called bumiputera, which translates as "sons" or "princes of the soil.”


BUMIPUTRA • Almost all Malays are Muslims. • Traditional Malay culture centers around the kampung, or village, though today one is just as likely to find Malays in the cities.


MALAY


BUMIPUTRA


BUMIPUTRA • The largest non-Malay indigenous tribe is the Iban of Sarawak, who number over 600,000. • Some Iban still live in traditional jungle villages in long houses along the Rajang and Lupar rivers and their tributaries, although many have moved to the cities. INSPIRING CREATIVE AND INNOVATIVE MINDS

BUMIPUTRA • The Bidayuhs, numbering around 170,000, are concentrated in the southwestern part of Sarawak. • The largest indigenous tribe in Sabah is the Kadazan. They are largely Christian farmers.


BUMIPUTRA


BUMIPUTRA • The 140,000 Orang Asli, or aboriginal peoples, comprise a number of different ethnic communities living in peninsular Malaysia. • Traditionally nomadic hunter/gatherers and agriculturalists, many have been absorbed into modern Malaysia.


ORANG ASLI

CHINESE • The Chinese population in Malaysia are mostly Buddhist (of Mahayana sect) or Taoist, although some of the younger generations are choosing Christianity as their religion.


CHINESE

CHINESE • The Chinese community in Malaysia speak a variety of Chinese dialects including Mandarin Chinese, Hokkien, Cantonese, Hakka, and Teochew.


CHINESE • A large majority of Chinese in Malaysia, especially those from the larger cities such as Kuala Lumpur, Petaling Jaya, Ipoh, Klang and Penang speak decent English as well. • The Chinese have historically been dominant in the Malaysian business and commerce community. INSPIRING CREATIVE AND INNOVATIVE MINDS

INDIAN


INDIAN • The Indians in Malaysia are mainly Hindu Tamils from southern India whose native language is Tamil • There are also other Indian communities which is Telugu, Malayalam and Hindi-speaking, living mainly in the larger towns on the west coast of the peninsula. INSPIRING CREATIVE AND INNOVATIVE MINDS

INDIAN • Many middle to upper-middle class Indians in Malaysia also speak English as a first language. • A vigorous 200,000-strong Tamil Muslim community also thrives as an independent subcultural group. • There are also prevalent Tamil Christian communities in major cities and towns. INSPIRING CREATIVE AND INNOVATIVE MINDS

INDIAN • Most Indians originally migrated from India as traders, teachers or other skilled workers. • A larger number were also part of the forced migrations from India by the British during colonial times to work in the plantation industry.


INDIAN • There is also a sizable Sikh community in Malaysia of over 100,000. • The Sikhs came to Malaya to work as police, soldiers and jagas (security guards).


SIKH

HOLIDAYS

Murtabak’s Stall during Ramadhan INSPIRING CREATIVE AND INNOVATIVE MINDS

HOLIDAYS • The most celebrated holiday is the "Hari Kebangsaan" (Independence Day), otherwise known as "Merdeka" (Freedom), on 31 August commemorating the independence of the Federation of Malaya in 1957.


HOLIDAYS • Malaysia Day is only celebrated in the state of Sabah on 16 September to commemorate the formation of Malaysia in 1963. • Hari Merdeka, as well as Labour Day (1 May), the King's birthday (first Saturday of June) and some other festivals are federal gazetted public holidays. INSPIRING CREATIVE AND INNOVATIVE MINDS

HOLIDAYS • Muslims in Malaysia celebrate Muslim holidays. • The most celebrated festival, Hari Raya Puasa (also called Hari Raya Aidilfitri) is the Malay translation of Eid al-Fitr. • It is generally a festival honoured by the Muslims worldwide marking the end of Ramadan, the fasting month. INSPIRING CREATIVE AND INNOVATIVE MINDS

HOLIDAYS

Common foods serves during Hari Raya INSPIRING CREATIVE AND INNOVATIVE MINDS

HOLIDAYS • In addition to Hari Raya Puasa, they also celebrate Hari Raya Haji (also called Hari Raya Aidiladha, the translation of Eid ul-Adha), Awal Muharram (Islamic New Year) and Maulidur Rasul (Birthday of the Prophet).


HOLIDAYS • Chinese in Malaysia typically celebrate festivals that are observed by Chinese around the world. • Chinese New Year is the most celebrated among the festivals which lasts for fifteen days and ends with Chap Goh Mei.


HOLIDAYS • Other festivals celebrated by Chinese are the Qingming Festival, the Dragon Boat Festival and the Mid-Autumn Festival. • In addition to traditional Chinese festivals, Buddhists Chinese also celebrate Vesak.


HOLIDAYS


HOLIDAYS • The majority of Indians in Malaysia are Hindus and they celebrate Diwali/Deepavali, the festival of light. • Thaipusam is a celebration which pilgrims from all over the country flock to Batu Caves. • Apart from the Hindus, Sikhs celebrate the Vaisakhi, the Sikh New Year. INSPIRING CREATIVE AND INNOVATIVE MINDS

HOLIDAYS


THAIPUSAM

HOLIDAYS • Other festivals: – Good Friday (East Malaysia only) – Christmas – Hari Gawai of the Ibans (Dayaks) – Pesta Menuai (Pesta Kaamatan) of the Kadazan-Dusuns.


CULTURE • Malaysia's cultural mosaic is marked by many different cultures, but several in particular have had especially lasting influence on the country. • The first Chinese to settle in the straits, primarily in and around Malacca, gradually adopted elements of Malaysian culture and intermarried with the Malaysian community. INSPIRING CREATIVE AND INNOVATIVE MINDS

CULTURE • Known as babas and nonyas, they eventually produced a synthetic set of practices, beliefs, and arts, combining Malay and Chinese traditions in such a way as to create a new culture.


BABA AND NYONYA

CULTURE • Another example of Malaysia's extraordinary cultural exchange the Malay wedding ceremony, which incorporates elements of the Hindu traditions of southern India; the bride and groom dress in gorgeous brocades, sit in state, and feed each other yellow rice with hands painted with henna. INSPIRING CREATIVE AND INNOVATIVE MINDS

CULTURE • Muslims have adapted the Chinese custom of giving little red packets of money (ang pau) at festivals to their own needs; the packets given on Muslim holidays are green and have Arab writing on them.


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