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UNIVERSITY OF BOLTON ENGINEERING, SPORT AND SCIENCES ACADEMIC GROUP BENG (HONS)/MENG BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING SEMESTER ONE EXAMINATIONS 2014/2015 INTRODUCTION TO BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING MODULE NO: BME4001

Date:

Friday, 23 January 2015

Time:

2.00 – 4.00 p.m.

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES:  This is a closed book exam. You have TWO hours to complete this exam.  There are FOUR SECTIONS (A-D) on this paper. Answer ALL the questions in each section. Candidates are advised that the examiners attach importance to legibility of writing and clarity of expression. YOU ARE STRONGLY ADVISED TO PLAN YOUR ANSWERS.  Write all answers in answer booklet. If extra answer sheets are used, please label them with your student number and attach them to this exam booklet.  This paper carries a total of 100 marks.

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Engineering, Sports & Sciences Academic Group BEng (Hons)/MEng Biomedical Engineering Semester 1 Examination 2014/2015 Introduction to Biomedical Engineering Module No. BME 4001

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Engineering, Sports & Sciences Academic Group BEng (Hons)/MEng Biomedical Engineering Semester 1 Examination 2014/2015 Introduction to Biomedical Engineering Module No. BME 4001

Section A. Multiple choice questions. Answer ALL the questions in this section by choosing the SINGLE best response. 1 mark for each question, 15 marks in total. 1 .Biomedical engineering (BME) is the application of a. Biological and medical research techniques; b. Engineering principles and techniques; c. Scientific research methodologies; d. None of the above.

to the medical field.

2. Which instrument is NOT used for kinematics? a. Electrogoniometers; b. Speed guns; c. Accelerometers; d. Strain gauge. 3. Which of the following is NOT a biomaterial? a. Drug; b. Synthetic material; c. Natural material; d. Composite of synthetic and natural materials. 4. The first biosensor designed in 1962 was an amperometric enzyme electrode for a. Protein; b. Glucose; c. CO2; d. CO. 5. Piezoelectric sensors measure changes in a. Mass; b. Electric distribution; c. Light intensity; d. Heat.

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Engineering, Sports & Sciences Academic Group BEng (Hons)/MEng Biomedical Engineering Semester 1 Examination 2014/2015 Introduction to Biomedical Engineering Module No. BME 4001 6. Within MEMS, which of the following is no longer important? a. Gravity; b. Surface science; c. Atomic force; d. None of the above. 7. Which of the following imaging modalities is NOT based on X-rays? a. Radiography; b. Ultrasound imaging; c. Mammography; d. Fluoroscopy. 8. In nuclear medicine imaging, a chemical or compound containing a radioactive isotope is usually given to the patient . a. Only orally; b. Only by injection; c. Only by inhalation; d. Orally, by injection or by inhalation.

9. MRI scanners use magnetic fields that are about earth's magnetic field. a. 10,000 to 60,000; b. 1,000 to 6000; c. 100 to 600; d. 10 to 60.

times stronger than the

10. Biomedical signals differ from other signals only in of . a. Application, i.e. the biomedical signals are used in the biomedical field; b. Measurement, which is obtained using specific imaging equipment; c. Signal processing with different software; d. Signal analysis with different software. 11. The real power of virtual instrumentation lies in the a. Hardware; b. Software; c. Personnel; d. None of the above.

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Engineering, Sports & Sciences Academic Group BEng (Hons)/MEng Biomedical Engineering Semester 1 Examination 2014/2015 Introduction to Biomedical Engineering Module No. BME 4001 12. Biochemical engineering is the extension of principles to systems using a biocatalyst to bring about the desired chemical transformation. a. Biomedical engineering; b. Medical engineering; c. Cell engineering; d. Chemical engineering. 13. Who are the customers of clinical engineering? a. Clinical staff; b. Patients; c. Both A and B; d. None of the above. 14. Rehabilitation engineering aims to improve the quality of life of people with disabilities in functional areas, such as . a. Mobility; b. Communications; c. Hearing; d. All of the above. 15. Telemedicine provides and s health care services across not only geographic but also barriers. a. Temporal; b. Social; c. Cultural; d. All of the above.

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Engineering, Sports & Sciences Academic Group BEng (Hons)/MEng Biomedical Engineering Semester 1 Examination 2014/2015 Introduction to Biomedical Engineering Module No. BME 4001

Section B. True-False statements. Answer ALL the questions in this section. Indicate whether each statement is true or false by WRITING ‘T’ (true) or ‘F’ (false) for each question. 1 mark for each statement, 15 marks in total. 1. Scientists study the world as it is; engineers create the world that has never been. 2. Women have more mass concentrated around the hips and above and this gives them an advantage in balance related activities. 3. Slew rate is the maximum rate at which the system can observe a changing voltage per unit time. 4. Microorganisms cannot be used as the biological element of a biosensor because they usually contaminate the analyte. 5. Bionics or biomimicry is the application of biological methods and systems found in nature to the study and design of engineering systems and modern technology. 6. Bionic implants differ from mere prostheses by mimicking the original function very closely, or even suring it. 7. Much lower X-ray energies are used in mammography than any other radiographic applications. 8. Most physiological processes in humans or animals are accompanied by (or manifest themselves as) signals that reflect their nature and activities. 9. Virtual instrumentation makes it possible to combine several instruments together, customize the data collection, and perform unique data analysis that no single instrument can provide. 10. The aim of chemical engineering is to change materials from one form to another more useful (and so more valuable) form in an economic, safe and environmentally acceptable way. PLEASE TURN THE PAGE

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Engineering, Sports & Sciences Academic Group BEng (Hons)/MEng Biomedical Engineering Semester 1 Examination 2014/2015 Introduction to Biomedical Engineering Module No. BME 4001 11. It is not possible to use transgenic plants for the production of human antibodies. 12. A cell is the biggest unit of an organism that is classified as living. 13. Nanotechnology deals with structures sized between 1 to 100 nanometers in all three dimensions. 14. Computational biology is mainly about modelling and simulation, but not data collection nor data analysis. 15. Biomedical informatics is the systematic processing of data, information and knowledge in medicine and health care for the purpose of problem solving but not decision making.

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Engineering, Sports & Sciences Academic Group BEng (Hons)/MEng Biomedical Engineering Semester 1 Examination 2014/2015 Introduction to Biomedical Engineering Module No. BME 4001

Section C. Matching. There are 4 matching questions in this section, answer ALL of them. In each question, there are 5 concepts and 8 definitions/statements. LINK the NUMBER of each concept with the LETTER of the most suitable definition or statement. Note: NOT all definitions/statements will be used and no definition/statement can be used more than once; 1 mark for each matching, 5 marks for each question, 20 marks in total.

Matching question No. 1. Concepts: 1) Kinematics 2) Kinesiology 3) Disability study 4) Clinical engineering 5) Accuracy Definitions or statements: a. A multidisciplinary approach for the analysis of the dynamic/evolving social, psychological, economic, political, legal, biomedical and technological context of people with disabilities in society. b. An object, plan, or theory that represents or imitates many of the features of something else (“an attempt to represent reality”). c. A measure of the degree of agreement within a group of measurements, i.e. repeatability of a system. d. The study of the size, sequencing, and timing of movement, without regard for the forces that cause or result from the motion. e. A measure of systemic error; the closeness to the true value of measurand. f. Application of engineering methods and technology to the safe and effective provision of health care. g. Scientific study of human movement including both anatomical and physiological elements that carry out movements. h. Products, devices or equipment that are used to maintain, increase or improve the functional capabilities of individuals with disabilities.

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Engineering, Sports & Sciences Academic Group BEng (Hons)/MEng Biomedical Engineering Semester 1 Examination 2014/2015 Introduction to Biomedical Engineering Module No. BME 4001 Matching question No. 2. Concepts: 1) Calorimetric sensor 2) Fluoroscopy 3) Radiography 4) Signal 5) Biosignal Definitions or statements: a. Used to measure change in light intensity. b. Used to measure change in heat. c. The ability to hold or maintain a position in space. d. The first medical imaging technology based on the discovery of X-rays. e. The continuous acquisition of a sequence of X-ray images over time; essentially a real-time X-ray movie of the patient. f. Any physical quantity that varies as a function of an independent variable. g. A variable from a biological system that can be measured and monitored and that can provide information on the health status of the individual. h. A specialized X-ray projection imaging technique useful for detecting breast anomalies such as masses and calcifications. Matching question No. 3. Concepts: 1) Drift 2) Instrumentation 3) Turbidostat 4) Cell line 5) Continuous cell lines Definitions or statements: a. Cells generated by sub-culturing of primary cells. b. A signal originated from a physiological process of a human or an animal. c. A continuous culture where levels of one or more nutrients are under control. d. A type of data collection through the communication between a computer and bench-top testing instruments. e. Variation in output without change in input. f. A type of direct data collection using a computer with the help of a data acquisition card. g. Cell lines that can be continuously sub-cultured. h. A continuous culture where the cell population is under control. PLEASE TURN THE PAGE

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Engineering, Sports & Sciences Academic Group BEng (Hons)/MEng Biomedical Engineering Semester 1 Examination 2014/2015 Introduction to Biomedical Engineering Module No. BME 4001 Matching question No. 4. Concepts: 1) Upstream processing 2) Rehabilitation engineering 3) Telemedicine 4) Remote monitoring 5) Subsystem Definitions or statements: a. The systematic processing of data, information and knowledge in medicine and health care. b. The process in which the product is collected, purified (cleaned) and concentrated (large to small volume) through multiple steps. c. The application of science and technology to improve the quality of life of people with disabilities. d. The process of growing cells to large quantities for the production of certain types of product. e. A set of elements, which is a system itself, and a component of a larger system. f. A sub-discipline of biomedical engineering that utilizes information and telecommunications technology to transfer medical information for diagnosis, therapy and education. g. A set of interacting or interdependent components forming an integrated whole. h. Enables medical professionals to remotely monitor a patient using various technological devices.

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Engineering, Sports & Sciences Academic Group BEng (Hons)/MEng Biomedical Engineering Semester 1 Examination 2014/2015 Introduction to Biomedical Engineering Module No. BME 4001

Section D. Short essay questions. Answer ALL the questions in this section. 10 marks for each question, 50 marks in total. 1. Write a short note to explain the reasons to study biomechanics.

2. Write a short note to explain that a biosensor is a self-contained integrated device.

3. Write a short note to explain the challenging issues associated with biomedical signal processing.

4. Write a short note to explain the functions of clinical engineering.

5. Write a short note to explain store-and-forward (S-F) telemedicine.

END OF QUESTIONS