Behavior Modification 3r4331
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TITLE Overview Goals
THE TECHNIQUE Reinforcements Chaining Shaping Backward Chaining Modeling Timeout Ignoring Prompting/Fading Flooding Contract Setting Satiation Principle
CONCLUSION Work Behavior Common Problems Points to Consider
BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION
BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION
TITLE Overview Goals
THE TECHNIQUE Reinforcements Chaining Shaping Backward Chaining
What is Behavior Modification? • Behavior modification are techniques and concepts used to alter, teach new behaviors, reinforce desired behaviors and decrease maladaptive or undesired behaviors.
Modeling Timeout Ignoring Prompting/Fading Flooding Contract Setting Satiation Principle
CONCLUSION
How does Behavior Modification work? • It conditions children to expect positive reactions or reinforcement to appropriate behavior and to expect to be disciplined for inappropriate behavior.
Work Behavior Common Problems Points to Consider
3
BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION
TITLE Overview
Goals
Goals
THE TECHNIQUE Reinforcements Chaining Shaping Backward Chaining Modeling Timeout Ignoring Prompting/Fading Flooding Contract Setting Satiation Principle
CONCLUSION Work Behavior
• Develop a new behavior (Reinforcements, prompting and queing, chaining and backward chaining) • Modify a behavior (shaping) • Stop an undesired behavior (timeout, modeling, overcorrection) • Strengthen and Maintain the desired behavior (reinforcements)
Common Problems Points to Consider
4
BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION
TITLE Overview Goals
THE TECHNIQUE Reinforcements Chaining Shaping Backward Chaining Modeling
the
Timeout Ignoring Prompting/Fading Flooding Contract Setting Satiation Principle
CONCLUSION Work Behavior Common Problems Points to Consider
5
Technique
BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION
TITLE Overview
Reinforcements
Goals
THE TECHNIQUE
A. Positive Use of Rewards Increase the Motivation Rewards could be toys, praise, opportunities to play, etc. Continuous and Immediate Variable or intermittent
Reinforcements Chaining Shaping Backward Chaining Modeling Timeout Ignoring
• • •
Prompting/Fading Flooding Contract Setting Satiation Principle
CONCLUSION
• •
Work Behavior Common Problems Points to Consider
6
1 2 3
BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION
TITLE Overview Goals
THE TECHNIQUE Reinforcements Chaining Shaping Backward Chaining Modeling Timeout Ignoring Prompting/Fading
B. Negative • Undesired by the child • Desirable behaviors = avoidance, escape to aversive situations
Flooding Contract Setting Satiation Principle
CONCLUSION Work Behavior Common Problems Points to Consider
7
1 2 3
BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION
TITLE Overview Goals
THE TECHNIQUE
Points to consider in Reinforcements:
Reinforcements Chaining Shaping
•
make the task clear to child what she should do before she could gain a reward type of reinforcement provide reinforcements as long as it is deemed needed then gradually fade the reinforcements (type and frequency) only proper behaviors could yield a reward
Backward Chaining Modeling Timeout Ignoring
• •
Prompting/Fading Flooding Contract Setting Satiation Principle
•
CONCLUSION Work Behavior Common Problems Points to Consider
8
1 2 3
BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION
TITLE Overview
Chaining
Goals
THE TECHNIQUE Reinforcements Chaining
•
Dividing the structured task into smaller and manageable steps Use task analysis Very useful for children with sensory problems
Shaping Backward Chaining Modeling Timeout Ignoring Prompting/Fading
• •
Flooding Contract Setting Satiation Principle
CONCLUSION Work Behavior Common Problems Points to Consider
9
BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION
TITLE Overview
Shaping
Goals
THE TECHNIQUE Reinforcements Chaining Shaping Backward Chaining Modeling Timeout Ignoring Prompting/Fading
• Similar to Chaining • Successive approximation to final behavior or task • Approximations are rewarded and gradually faded
Flooding Contract Setting Satiation Principle
CONCLUSION Work Behavior Common Problems Points to Consider
10
BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION
TITLE Overview
Backward Chaining
Goals
THE TECHNIQUE Reinforcements
•Almost same as chaining but steps are done from the last to the first step •Baligtad ba!!!! •Commonly used in training everyday self-help tasks such as dressing
Chaining Shaping Backward Chaining Modeling Timeout Ignoring Prompting/Fading Flooding Contract Setting Satiation Principle
CONCLUSION Work Behavior Common Problems Points to Consider
11
BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION
TITLE Overview
Modeling
Goals
THE TECHNIQUE Reinforcements Chaining Shaping Backward Chaining Modeling Timeout Ignoring Prompting/Fading Flooding Contract Setting Satiation Principle
CONCLUSION
• Teacher becomes a “role model” • Learning from the environment • Teacher models the appropriate behavior • Very useful for social skills training
Work Behavior Common Problems Points to Consider
12
BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION
TITLE Overview
Timeout
Goals
THE TECHNIQUE Reinforcements Chaining Shaping Backward Chaining Modeling Timeout Ignoring Prompting/Fading Flooding Contract Setting Satiation Principle
CONCLUSION Work Behavior
• Used to decrease and extinguish undesired behaviors • Used to substitute traditional punishments like spanking and shouting • Explain the consequences resulting to timeout • What’s the undesired behavior, reason then what to do • Example timeout chair
Common Problems Points to Consider
13
BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION
TITLE Overview
Ignoring
Goals
THE TECHNIQUE Reinforcements Chaining Shaping Backward Chaining Modeling Timeout Ignoring Prompting/Fading Flooding
• Very useful for attention seeking and children with manipulative behaviors • Ignore the BEHAVIOR but not the CHILD
Contract Setting Satiation Principle
CONCLUSION Work Behavior Common Problems Points to Consider
14
BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION
TITLE Overview
Prompting/Fading
Goals
THE TECHNIQUE Reinforcements Chaining Shaping Backward Chaining Modeling Timeout Ignoring Prompting/Fading Flooding Contract Setting Satiation Principle
Types of prompts: • 1. hand over hand assistance • 2. gestures • 3. shadowing • 4. external cues • 5. verbal prompts
CONCLUSION Work Behavior Common Problems Points to Consider
15
BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION
TITLE Overview
Flooding
Goals
THE TECHNIQUE Reinforcements Chaining Shaping Backward Chaining Modeling Timeout Ignoring Prompting/Fading
• Gradual exposure to undesired situation • Used to modify emotional behaviors • Anxieties, fear, etc.
Flooding Contract Setting Satiation Principle
CONCLUSION Work Behavior Common Problems Points to Consider
16
BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION
TITLE Overview
Contract Setting
Goals
THE TECHNIQUE Reinforcements Chaining Shaping Backward Chaining Modeling Timeout Ignoring Prompting/Fading
• Contracts • Conditions should be attainable and realistic • EARN the reward by series of good behaviors
Flooding Contract Setting Satiation Principle
CONCLUSION Work Behavior Common Problems Points to Consider
17
BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION
TITLE Overview
Satiation Principle
Goals
THE TECHNIQUE Reinforcements Chaining
•
Shaping Backward Chaining Modeling Timeout Ignoring Prompting/Fading Flooding Contract Setting Satiation Principle
CONCLUSION Work Behavior Common Problems Points to Consider
18
Allow or insist the child to continue the undesired behavior until she gets tired of doing it
BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION
TITLE Overview
Conclusion
Goals
THE TECHNIQUE Reinforcements Chaining Shaping Backward Chaining Modeling Timeout Ignoring Prompting/Fading Flooding Contract Setting Satiation Principle
CONCLUSION Work Behavior Common Problems Points to Consider
19
BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION
TITLE Overview
Work behaviors
Goals
THE TECHNIQUE Reinforcements Chaining Shaping Backward Chaining Modeling Timeout Ignoring
• • • •
Attention span Concentration or focusing Impulse control Frustration tolerance
Prompting/Fading Flooding Contract Setting Satiation Principle
CONCLUSION Work Behavior Common Problems Points to Consider
20
1 2
BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION
TITLE Overview Goals
THE TECHNIQUE Reinforcements Chaining
•
•
Shaping Backward Chaining
•
Modeling Timeout Ignoring Prompting/Fading
• •
Flooding Contract Setting Satiation Principle
CONCLUSION
• •
Work Behavior
Changes must come within the teacher first Focus on the behavior you want to change Continue to praise as long as the behavior needs Avoid power struggles Pag “highblood” si teacher then back off! Use empathy in teaching your kids Be straight to the point and avoid generalized or vague
Common Problems Points to Consider
21
1 2
BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION
TITLE Overview
Common Problems
Goals
THE TECHNIQUE Reinforcements Chaining Shaping Backward Chaining Modeling
• • •
Timeout Ignoring Prompting/Fading Flooding Contract Setting Satiation Principle
CONCLUSION Work Behavior Common Problems Points to Consider
22
Aggressions Tantrums Not following instructions
BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION
TITLE Overview
Points to consider
Goals
THE TECHNIQUE Reinforcements Chaining Shaping Backward Chaining Modeling Timeout
• Get to know the child’s skills • 1. Use your evaluation materials • 2. Work with other professionals handling the child as well as the parents (centralize and discuss your goals) • 3. Work Behaviors • 4. Communication skills – >receptive – >expressive
Ignoring Prompting/Fading Flooding
• 5. Child’s personality
Contract Setting Satiation Principle
CONCLUSION Work Behavior Common Problems Points to Consider
23
THE TECHNIQUE Reinforcements Chaining Shaping Backward Chaining Modeling Timeout Ignoring Prompting/Fading Flooding Contract Setting Satiation Principle
CONCLUSION Work Behavior Common Problems Points to Consider
BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION
BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION
TITLE Overview Goals
THE TECHNIQUE Reinforcements Chaining Shaping Backward Chaining
What is Behavior Modification? • Behavior modification are techniques and concepts used to alter, teach new behaviors, reinforce desired behaviors and decrease maladaptive or undesired behaviors.
Modeling Timeout Ignoring Prompting/Fading Flooding Contract Setting Satiation Principle
CONCLUSION
How does Behavior Modification work? • It conditions children to expect positive reactions or reinforcement to appropriate behavior and to expect to be disciplined for inappropriate behavior.
Work Behavior Common Problems Points to Consider
3
BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION
TITLE Overview
Goals
Goals
THE TECHNIQUE Reinforcements Chaining Shaping Backward Chaining Modeling Timeout Ignoring Prompting/Fading Flooding Contract Setting Satiation Principle
CONCLUSION Work Behavior
• Develop a new behavior (Reinforcements, prompting and queing, chaining and backward chaining) • Modify a behavior (shaping) • Stop an undesired behavior (timeout, modeling, overcorrection) • Strengthen and Maintain the desired behavior (reinforcements)
Common Problems Points to Consider
4
BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION
TITLE Overview Goals
THE TECHNIQUE Reinforcements Chaining Shaping Backward Chaining Modeling
the
Timeout Ignoring Prompting/Fading Flooding Contract Setting Satiation Principle
CONCLUSION Work Behavior Common Problems Points to Consider
5
Technique
BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION
TITLE Overview
Reinforcements
Goals
THE TECHNIQUE
A. Positive Use of Rewards Increase the Motivation Rewards could be toys, praise, opportunities to play, etc. Continuous and Immediate Variable or intermittent
Reinforcements Chaining Shaping Backward Chaining Modeling Timeout Ignoring
• • •
Prompting/Fading Flooding Contract Setting Satiation Principle
CONCLUSION
• •
Work Behavior Common Problems Points to Consider
6
1 2 3
BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION
TITLE Overview Goals
THE TECHNIQUE Reinforcements Chaining Shaping Backward Chaining Modeling Timeout Ignoring Prompting/Fading
B. Negative • Undesired by the child • Desirable behaviors = avoidance, escape to aversive situations
Flooding Contract Setting Satiation Principle
CONCLUSION Work Behavior Common Problems Points to Consider
7
1 2 3
BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION
TITLE Overview Goals
THE TECHNIQUE
Points to consider in Reinforcements:
Reinforcements Chaining Shaping
•
make the task clear to child what she should do before she could gain a reward type of reinforcement provide reinforcements as long as it is deemed needed then gradually fade the reinforcements (type and frequency) only proper behaviors could yield a reward
Backward Chaining Modeling Timeout Ignoring
• •
Prompting/Fading Flooding Contract Setting Satiation Principle
•
CONCLUSION Work Behavior Common Problems Points to Consider
8
1 2 3
BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION
TITLE Overview
Chaining
Goals
THE TECHNIQUE Reinforcements Chaining
•
Dividing the structured task into smaller and manageable steps Use task analysis Very useful for children with sensory problems
Shaping Backward Chaining Modeling Timeout Ignoring Prompting/Fading
• •
Flooding Contract Setting Satiation Principle
CONCLUSION Work Behavior Common Problems Points to Consider
9
BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION
TITLE Overview
Shaping
Goals
THE TECHNIQUE Reinforcements Chaining Shaping Backward Chaining Modeling Timeout Ignoring Prompting/Fading
• Similar to Chaining • Successive approximation to final behavior or task • Approximations are rewarded and gradually faded
Flooding Contract Setting Satiation Principle
CONCLUSION Work Behavior Common Problems Points to Consider
10
BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION
TITLE Overview
Backward Chaining
Goals
THE TECHNIQUE Reinforcements
•Almost same as chaining but steps are done from the last to the first step •Baligtad ba!!!! •Commonly used in training everyday self-help tasks such as dressing
Chaining Shaping Backward Chaining Modeling Timeout Ignoring Prompting/Fading Flooding Contract Setting Satiation Principle
CONCLUSION Work Behavior Common Problems Points to Consider
11
BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION
TITLE Overview
Modeling
Goals
THE TECHNIQUE Reinforcements Chaining Shaping Backward Chaining Modeling Timeout Ignoring Prompting/Fading Flooding Contract Setting Satiation Principle
CONCLUSION
• Teacher becomes a “role model” • Learning from the environment • Teacher models the appropriate behavior • Very useful for social skills training
Work Behavior Common Problems Points to Consider
12
BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION
TITLE Overview
Timeout
Goals
THE TECHNIQUE Reinforcements Chaining Shaping Backward Chaining Modeling Timeout Ignoring Prompting/Fading Flooding Contract Setting Satiation Principle
CONCLUSION Work Behavior
• Used to decrease and extinguish undesired behaviors • Used to substitute traditional punishments like spanking and shouting • Explain the consequences resulting to timeout • What’s the undesired behavior, reason then what to do • Example timeout chair
Common Problems Points to Consider
13
BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION
TITLE Overview
Ignoring
Goals
THE TECHNIQUE Reinforcements Chaining Shaping Backward Chaining Modeling Timeout Ignoring Prompting/Fading Flooding
• Very useful for attention seeking and children with manipulative behaviors • Ignore the BEHAVIOR but not the CHILD
Contract Setting Satiation Principle
CONCLUSION Work Behavior Common Problems Points to Consider
14
BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION
TITLE Overview
Prompting/Fading
Goals
THE TECHNIQUE Reinforcements Chaining Shaping Backward Chaining Modeling Timeout Ignoring Prompting/Fading Flooding Contract Setting Satiation Principle
Types of prompts: • 1. hand over hand assistance • 2. gestures • 3. shadowing • 4. external cues • 5. verbal prompts
CONCLUSION Work Behavior Common Problems Points to Consider
15
BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION
TITLE Overview
Flooding
Goals
THE TECHNIQUE Reinforcements Chaining Shaping Backward Chaining Modeling Timeout Ignoring Prompting/Fading
• Gradual exposure to undesired situation • Used to modify emotional behaviors • Anxieties, fear, etc.
Flooding Contract Setting Satiation Principle
CONCLUSION Work Behavior Common Problems Points to Consider
16
BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION
TITLE Overview
Contract Setting
Goals
THE TECHNIQUE Reinforcements Chaining Shaping Backward Chaining Modeling Timeout Ignoring Prompting/Fading
• Contracts • Conditions should be attainable and realistic • EARN the reward by series of good behaviors
Flooding Contract Setting Satiation Principle
CONCLUSION Work Behavior Common Problems Points to Consider
17
BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION
TITLE Overview
Satiation Principle
Goals
THE TECHNIQUE Reinforcements Chaining
•
Shaping Backward Chaining Modeling Timeout Ignoring Prompting/Fading Flooding Contract Setting Satiation Principle
CONCLUSION Work Behavior Common Problems Points to Consider
18
Allow or insist the child to continue the undesired behavior until she gets tired of doing it
BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION
TITLE Overview
Conclusion
Goals
THE TECHNIQUE Reinforcements Chaining Shaping Backward Chaining Modeling Timeout Ignoring Prompting/Fading Flooding Contract Setting Satiation Principle
CONCLUSION Work Behavior Common Problems Points to Consider
19
BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION
TITLE Overview
Work behaviors
Goals
THE TECHNIQUE Reinforcements Chaining Shaping Backward Chaining Modeling Timeout Ignoring
• • • •
Attention span Concentration or focusing Impulse control Frustration tolerance
Prompting/Fading Flooding Contract Setting Satiation Principle
CONCLUSION Work Behavior Common Problems Points to Consider
20
1 2
BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION
TITLE Overview Goals
THE TECHNIQUE Reinforcements Chaining
•
•
Shaping Backward Chaining
•
Modeling Timeout Ignoring Prompting/Fading
• •
Flooding Contract Setting Satiation Principle
CONCLUSION
• •
Work Behavior
Changes must come within the teacher first Focus on the behavior you want to change Continue to praise as long as the behavior needs Avoid power struggles Pag “highblood” si teacher then back off! Use empathy in teaching your kids Be straight to the point and avoid generalized or vague
Common Problems Points to Consider
21
1 2
BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION
TITLE Overview
Common Problems
Goals
THE TECHNIQUE Reinforcements Chaining Shaping Backward Chaining Modeling
• • •
Timeout Ignoring Prompting/Fading Flooding Contract Setting Satiation Principle
CONCLUSION Work Behavior Common Problems Points to Consider
22
Aggressions Tantrums Not following instructions
BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION
TITLE Overview
Points to consider
Goals
THE TECHNIQUE Reinforcements Chaining Shaping Backward Chaining Modeling Timeout
• Get to know the child’s skills • 1. Use your evaluation materials • 2. Work with other professionals handling the child as well as the parents (centralize and discuss your goals) • 3. Work Behaviors • 4. Communication skills – >receptive – >expressive
Ignoring Prompting/Fading Flooding
• 5. Child’s personality
Contract Setting Satiation Principle
CONCLUSION Work Behavior Common Problems Points to Consider
23
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