1000 Drug Cards 76fp
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Trade Name:
Innovar
Classification: General anesthetic, narcotic analgesic, neuroleptic analgesic Use(s): Premedication, adjunct/maintenance of anesthesia,
PHARMOCOLOGY
Action: Acts at subcortical levels to reduce motor activity. Contraindications: Hypersensitivity, <2 years old.
DRUG CARDS
Side Effects: Laryngospasm, bronchospasm, respiratory arrest. Nursing implications: V/S, LFT, BUN, Creatine, Paco2. After 1st dose of narcotic reduce dosage.
Trade Name:
Progesterone
Trade Name:
Estrogens
Classification: Progesterone, hormone
Classification: Estrogen, hormone
Use(s): Contraception, amenorrhea, PMS, abnormal uterine bleeding.
Use(s): Menopause, inoperable breast CA, Prostate CA, osteoporosis
Action: Prevents pituitary release of gonadotrophins, which prevents follicular maturation.
Action: Inhibits release of pituitary gonadotrophins, inhibits ovulation and calcium use in bone.
Contraindications: Breast/Reproductive CA, , cerebral bleeds.
Contraindications: Breast/Reproductive CA
Side Effects: Stroke, PE, MI, spontaneous AB
Side Effects: Seizures, Stroke, MI
Nursing implications: Weight, B/P, LFT, edema, mental status, hypercalcemia.
Nursing implications: Assess LFT, AST, ALT, bilirubin.
Trade Name:
Rocephin (ceftriaxone)
Classification: Broad-Spectrum antibiotic, 3rd generation cephalosporin Use(s): Gram-negative bacilli, less effective against gram positive Action: Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis Contraindications: to cephalosporins, <1 month old, pregnancy, lactation. Side Effects: N/V/D, bleeding, proteinuria, lymphocytosis, super infection, headache, dizziness, rash Nursing implications: Sensitivity to PCN or other cephalosporins. Assess for diarrhea, and blood chemistry studies, assess for s/s of superifection such as thrush and yeast infection
Trade Name:
Tetracycline
Classification: Broad-Spectrum anti-infective Use(s): Syphilis, clap, gonorrhea, rickettsia infections, acne, ophthalmic neonatorum
Trade Name:
Doxycycline
Classification: Antiinfectives Use(s): syphilis, Clap, gonorrhea, rickettsia Action: Inhibits protein synthesis Contraindications: hypersensitivity to tetracycline, children <8 years old, pregnancy, lactation. Side Effects: Fever, neutropenia, angioedema, hepatotoxicity Nursing implications: Assess I&O, allergic Rx, Blood studies, Signs of infection.
Trade Name:
Penicillin
Classification: Broad-Spectrum antiinfectives. Use(s): Gram +/- bacilli and cocci.
Action: Inhibits protein synthesis
Action: interferes with cell wall replication, producing inferior cell walls.
Contraindications: hypersensitivity to tetracycline, children <8 years old, pregnancy, and lactation. Hypersensitivity to light
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to PCN, neonates. Sensitivity to cephalosporins
Side Effects: Fever, HA, neutropenia, hemolytic anemia, angioedema.
Side Effects: anemia, increased bleeding time, Oliguria, proteinuria, Hematuria, rash, uticaria, anaphylaxsis
Nursing implications: Signs of anemia, Allergic reactions, N/V/D. Store out of heat/light
Nursing implications: Infection, I&O, liver studies, blood studies, respiratory status.
Trade Name:
Acyclovir
Classification: Antiviral Use(s): Herpes zoster, herpes simplex, herpes genitalis
Trade Name:
Podophyllin
Classification: Antiviral Use(s): Genital wart removal
Action: Interferes with DNA synthesis causing decreased viral replication.
Action: unknown
Contraindications:
Contraindications: hypersensitivity; perianal or MM warts.
Side Effects: Tremors, confusion, lethargy, convulsions, acute renal failure.
Side Effects: inflammation, burning Nursing implications: None noted.
Nursing implications: Signs of infection, I&O ratio, skin eruptions, allergic Reactions
Trade Name:
Flagyl (Metronidazole HCL)
Classification: Antiinfectives
Trade Name:
Use(s): Intestinal amoeba, bone / t infections, lower respiratory infections. Trichomonas vaginalis
Classification: H2-receptor antagonist.
Action: Direct acting amebicide Contraindications: , renal disease, pregnancy (1st tri), CNS disorders. Side Effects: Headache, dizziness, convulsions, Blurred vision, sore throat, dry mouth. Nursing implications: Assess for signs of infection. Assess stools, check vision, allergic reactions.
Pepcid
Use(s): Duodenal ulcer, gastric ulcer, GERD Action: Competitively inhibits histamine, while pepsin stays at a stable level, inhibits gastric secretions Contraindications: Hypersensitivity Side Effects: Thrombocytopenia, seizure, bronchospasm, Nursing implications: Blood counts, bleeding
Trade Name:
Tobramycin
Classification: Antiinfectives-Aminoglycoside Use(s): Infections of pseudomonas, E.Coli, enterobacter, staphylococcus Action: Interferes with protein synthesis, causing an inaccurate peptide sequence resulting in death. Contraindications: Severe renal disease, hypersensitivity to aminoglycosides. Side Effects Oliguria, hematuria, renal failure, ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, & leukopenia. Nursing implications: Assess weight, I&O, blood studies, serum levels
Trade/generic: Class:
Zinacef
(cefuroxime sodium)
Antibacterial Agents: 2nd gen. Cephalosporin
Route: IM, IV Ind:
Gram +/- bacteria, including most staph, gp. A & B Strep, most strep, E. coli, meningitits.
Action: Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis, making the
cell wall unstable. Contra: Hypers, seizure disorders. S/E:
RN:
Dizziness, headache, fatigue, rash, nephrotoxicity, renal failure. Assess for nephrotoxicity, I&O, Blood serum studies & allergic reactions.
Trade Name:
Neomycin
Classification: Antiinfectives-Aminoglycoside Use(s): Severe systemic infections with pseudomonas, E.Coli, enterobacter, Proteus. Action: Interferes with protein synthesis by binding to the 30s subunit, causing an erroneous protein that causes death. Contraindications: Bowel obstruction, severe renal disease, hypersensitivity, infants, and children. Side Effects Oliguria, hematuria, renal failure, ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, & leukopenia. Nursing implications: Assess Weight, I&O, renal impairment, dehydration, blood studies, serum levels.
Trade Name:
Claforan
Classification: Broad-spectrum antibiotic-Cephalosporin Use(s): Gram - & gram + organisms Action: Inhibits cell wall synthesis, making cell wall unstable. Contraindications: hypersensitivity to cephalosporins, infants < 1 month. Side Effects: N/V/D, anaphylaxis, Proteinuria, leukopenia. Nursing implications: Assess for sensitivity to PCN/Cephalosporins, nephrotoxicity, blood studies, and electrolytes.
Trade Name:
Tazidime
Classification: Broad-spectrum antibiotic-Cephalosporin Use(s): Gram negative and gram positive organisms Action: Inhibits cell wall synthesis, making cell wall unstable. Contraindications: hypersensitivity to cephalosporins, infants < 1 month. Side Effects: N/V/D, anaphylaxis, Proteinuria, leukopenia. Nursing implications: Assess for sensitivity to PCN/Cephalosporins, nephrotoxicity, blood studies, and electrolytes.
Trade Name:
Ticar
(ticarcillin)
Classification: Broad-spectrum Antiinfectives-Penicillin Use(s): Gram +/- cocci, Gram +/- bacilli. Action: Interferes with cell wall replication, and causes unstable cell walls to burst.
Trade Name:
Erythromycin
Classification: Broad-Spectrum Antiinfectives-Microlide Use(s): Bacterial infections, Legionaire’s disease, syphilis. Action: Binds to P site of 50s ribosomal subunit, interfereing w/ protein synthesis. Contraindications: Hypersens., cisapride use, astemizole use, impaired liver function, impaired hearing. Side Effects: anaphylaxis, N/V, diarrhea, anorexia, abd pain, abd cramps, pruritus, Nursing implications: observe for allergic reactions,
Trade Name:
Ampicillin
Classification: Broad-Spectrum Antiinfectives-Penicillin Use(s): Gram +/- cocci, Gram +/- bacilli Action: Interferes with cell wall replication & causes cell walls to burst.
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to PCN Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to PCN Side Effects: Anemia, increased bleeding time, bone marrow depression, N/V/D. Nursing implications: Assess, I&O, liver studies, blood studies, lethargy, coma, convulsions.
Side Effects: Rash, anemia, bone marrow depression, coma, convulsions, and anaphylaxis. Nursing implications: Assess I&O, liver studies, blood studies, respiratory and vitals, as well as bowel habits.
Trade Name:
Trade Name:
Cipro
Classification: Broad-Spectrum Antiinfectives Use(s): Infections caused by susceptible organisms E. Coli, Proteus, staph. Action: Interferes with conversion of DNA fragments into higher molecular weight ones. DNA gyrase inhibitors. Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to quinolones Side Effects: Headache, dizziness, restlessness, N/V/D. Nursing implications: Assess for CNS symptoms, I&O ratio, allergic reactions.
Trade Name:
Virazole
Classification: Antiinfectives-Sulfonamides Use(s): UTI, Otitis media, and shigellosis Action: Bacteriostatic agent that prevents bacterial growth by Inhibiting folic acid production. Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to sulfonamides, infants <2 months. Side Effects: N/V, diarrhea, t pain, urticaria, convulsions, fever, renal failure, leukopenia. Nursing implications: Assess for allergic reactions, kidney functions, and allergic reactions, maintain adequate fluid inake
(ribavirin)
Classification: Antiviral Agents-ribavirin Use(s): Infants and young children w/ lower resp. infections caused By RSV (respiratory syncytial virus) Action: Inhibits viral RNA and DNA synthesis Contraindications: Pregnant or lactating, COPD, asthma, ventilation, Side Effects: ↓ resp. function, vent. Dependence, pneumothorax, apnea, cardiac arrest, HTN, rash, conjunctivitis, erythema of eyelids. Nursing implications: Monitor: VS, cardiac status, CBC. Route of istration is aerosol inhalation
Bactrim
Trade Name:
Respigam
Classification: Immune serums Use(s): Prevention of serious lower respiratory tract infections caused by RSV in children <2 years old, with bronchopulmonary dysplasia, or premature birth. Action: Higher titer of neutralizing antibody against RSV. Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to this drug or other human immunoglobulin preparations. Side Effects: Resp distress, hypoxia, fever, HTN, anaphylaxis Nursing implications: Assess vital signs, respiratory status, for signs of aseptic meningitis.
Trade Name:
Synagis
antimycotic Agents (nystatin, clotrimazole, miconazole, fluconizole, etc.) Trade Name:
Classification: monoclonal antibodies
Classification: Antifungals
Use(s): Prevention of serious lower respiratory tract disease caused by RSV in pediatric PT’s.
Use(s): fungal infections: tinea pedis (common) to sporotrichosis (rare)
Action: A humanized monoclonal antibody that exhibits neutralizing and fusion-inhibitory activity against RSV.
Action: ↑ cell wall permeability.Some interfere w/ protein synthsis by binding to sterol..
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity, adults, and cyanotic congenital heart disease.
Contraindications: Hypersens., Pregnant or Lactating Pts.
Side Effects: N/V/D, URI, apnea, and rash site injection.
Side Effects: Nephrotoxicity, hypokalemia, chills, fever, N/V, muscle & t pain, HA, anorexia, abd. Pain.
Nursing implications: For presence of RSV infections.
Trade Name:
Cotazym
Classification: Digestant Use(s): Exocrine pancreatic secretion insufficiency, cystic fibrosis, steatorrhea, and pancreatic enzyme deficiency. Action: Pancreatic enzyme needed for breaking down substances from the pancreas. Contraindications: Allergy to pork, chronic pancreatic disease.
Nursing implications: Monitor LFT’s, do not ister w/ antacids.
Trade Name:
Pancreatin
Classification: Digestant Use(s): Exocrine pancreatic secretion insufficiency, cystic fibrosis (digestive aid) Action: Pancreatic enzyme needed for breakdown of substances released from the pancreas.
Side Effects: Anorexia, N/V/D
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to pork, chronic pancreatic disease.
Nursing implications: Assess for proper development, ister with meals, I&O ratio, 3 p’s.
Side Effects: Anorexia, N/V/D, and rash, hypersensitivity, buccal soreness. Nursing implications: Assess I&O, for 3 P’s for allergy to pork.
Trade Name:
Pancrease
Trade Name:
Mucomyst
Classification: Mucolytic; antidote - acetaminophen Classification: Digestant Use(s): Exocrine pancreatic secretion insufficiency, cystic fibrosis (digestive aid), and Pancreatic enzyme deficiency.
Use(s): Bronchitis; pneumonia; CF; emphysema; diagnostic in lab tests.
Action: Pancreatic enzyme needed for breakdown of substances released from the pancreas.
Action: Decreases viscosity of secretions by breaking disulfide links of mucoproteins.
Contraindications: Allergy to pork, chronic pancreatic disease.
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity; increased I, status asthmaticus.
Side Effects: N/V/D Nursing implications: Assess for 3 P’s, pork sensitivity, appropriate height and weight.
Side Effects: Dizziness; drowsiness, nausea, vomiting, bronchospasm, hemoptysis. stomatitis Nursing implications: Assess cough, respiratory status, VS.
Trade Name:
Flexeril (cyclobenzaprine) Pulmozyme
Classification: Skeletal muscle relaxant, central acting.
Trade Name:
Use(s): Adjunct for relief of muscle spasm and pain in muscle injuries.
Classification: cystic fibrosis agent Use(s): Management of Cystic fibrosis
Action: Unknown may be related to antidepressant effects. Contraindications: Acute recovery from an MI, dysrhythmias, heart block, CHF, hypersensitivity, child <12 years, thyroid disease. Side Effects: Dizziness, weakness, drowsiness, and dysrhythmias. Nursing implications: Assess blood studies, LFT’s, ECG in epileptic Pt’s., allergic Rx, CNS Depression.
Action: Breaks down molecules of infected sputum, to help get the sputum out. Contraindications: Hypersensitivity Side Effects: Possible laryngitis, uticaria, rash, chest pain. Nursing implications: Assess respiratory function, B/P, pulse, lung sounds.
Trade Name:
Cromolyn (same as intal)
Classification: Antiasthmatic Use(s): Preventive allergic rhinitis, asthma, and bronchial asthma, exercise induced asthma. Action: Stabilizes the membrane of the senthestized cell, preventing the release of additional chemical mediators Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to this drug or lactose or status asthmaticus. Side Effects: Headache, dizziness, urinary frequency, dysuria, N/V, dry mouth, bitter taste. Nursing implications: Assess eosinophil count during treatment, respiratory status.
Trade Name:
Prednisone
Classification: Corticosteroid Use(s): Severe inflammation, immunosuppression, neoplasm’s, MS, collagen disorders. Action: Decreases inflammation by suppression of migration of leukocytes and fibroblasts increases capillary permeability and lysosomal stabilization. Contraindications: Psychosis, hypersensitivity, amebiasis, fungal infections, child <2 years old, aids, TB. Side Effects: Circulatory collapse, thrombophlebitis, embolism, GI hemorrhage. Nursing implications: Assess for N/V, Weight, BP, I&O, infection, edema, mental status.
Trade Name:
Robaxin
Classification: Skeletal muscle relaxant, central acting. Use(s): Adjunct for relief of spasms and pain in muscles, tetanus management. Action: Depresses multisynaptic pathways in the spinal cord, causing skeletal muscle relaxant. Contraindications: hypersensitivity, child <12 yr., intermittent porphyria Side Effects: Dizziness, weakness, drowsiness, seizures, N/V, anaphylaxis. Nursing implications: Assess blood studies, liver function tests, ECG, allergic RX, CNS depression.
Trade Name:
Valium (diazepam)
Classification: Antianxiety, anti-convulsant, skeletal muscle relaxant Use(s): Anxiety, acute ETOH withdrawal, adjunct in seizure disorders. IV with anesthesia for labor Action: Potentates the action of GABA, especially in the limbic system. Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to benzodiazepines, narrow angle glaucoma, psychosis. Side Effects: Neutropenia, respiratory depression, dizziness drowsiness, and orthostatic hypotension. Nursing implications: Assess B/P, anxiety, for seizure, for changes in mental status.
Trade Name: Trade Name:
Indocin
Classification: NSAID Use(s): Rheumatoid arthritis, gout, closure of patent ductus arteriosus in premature infants. Action: Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis, analgesic, antiinflammatory, antipyretic. Contraindications: Hypersensitivity, asthma, severe renal disease, severe renal disease, and severe hepatic disease Side Effects: N/V/D, ulceration, and perforation, GI bleeds, hematuria, Oliguria. Nursing implications: Assess renal, blood and liver status, eye and ear problems, for confusion.
Tilade
Classification: Antiasthmatic Use(s): Severe perennial bronchial asthma, prevention of exercise-induced asthma. Not for treatment of acute asthma attacks. Action: Stabilizes the membrane of the sensitized mast cell, preventing further release of chemical mediators after the initial response. Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to this drug or lactose, status asthmaticus. Side Effects: Throat irritation, cough, nasal congestion, and rhinitis, burning eyes, N/V, bitter taste. Nursing implications: Assess pulmonary function test, respiratory status Trade Name:
Trade Name:
Intal
Classification: Antiasthmatic Use(s): Allergic rhinitis, severe perennial asthma, prevention of exercise induced bronchial asthma, asthma induced by pollutants. Action: Stabilizes the membrane of the sensitized mast cell, preventing further release of chemical mediators. Contraindications: hypersensitivity to this drug or lactose, status asthmaticus Side Effects: Headache, dizziness, neuritis, urinary frequency, dysuria, nausea, vomiting. Nursing implications: Assess eosinophil, respiratory status.
Aspirin ( acetylsalicylic acid ASA)
Classification: Non-narcotic analgesic, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory, antipyretic, antiplatelet Use(s): Mild to moderate pain or fever, prophylaxis of MI, angina & ischemic stroke Action: Blocks pain impulses at the CNS, antipyretic, decreases platelet aggregation, prolongs bleeding Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to ASA, yellow #5, GI bleed, Children <12 years old, children with flu-like symptoms, peptic ulcer. Side Effects: convulsion, GI bleed, hepatitis, and Reye’s syndrome, decreases hearing acuity, gastric irritation Nursing implications: Assess Liver function, renal function, blood studies, I&O ratio. Do not give with Ibuprofen, take with food
Trade Name:
Alupent
Classification: Bronchodilator selective B2 agonist Use(s): Bronchial asthma, bronchial spasm. Action: Relaxes bronchial smooth muscle by direct action on B2 Adrenergic receptors. Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to sympathomimetics, narrow angle glaucoma. Side Effects: N/V, palpitations, tachycardia, tremors, nausea, nervousness, headache, and increased bronchospasm, cardiac arrest. Nursing implications: Assess respiratory function, for tolerance.
Trade Name:
Theophylline
Classification: Spasmolytic, bronchodilator Use(s): Bronchial asthma, broncho-spasm of COPD, chronic bronchitis. Action: Relaxes bronchial smooth muscle by blocking phosphodiesterase. Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to xanthine, tachydysrhythmias. Side Effects: Convulsions, palpitations, tachycardia, tremors, nausea, nervousness, and headache,restlessness, irritability, insomnia, dizziness. Adverse CNS reactions often more severe in children Nursing implications: Assess Theophylline level, heart rate, respiratory status, for allergic reactions, monitor blood levels. If dose missed call MD before doubling.
Trade Name:
Solu-Cortef
Classification: Corticosteroid Use(s): Severe inflammation, septic shock, adrenal insufficiency, ulcerative colitis, collagen disorders. Action: Decreases inflammation by suppression of leukocytes reverses capillary permeability. Contraindications: Psychosis, hypersensitivity, idiopathic thrombocytopenia, fungal infections, bronchial disease, children <2 years old, aids, TB. Side Effects: Circulatory collapse, thrombophlebitis, and embolism, thrombocytopenia, GI hemorrhage. Nursing implications: Assess mental status, weight, B/P, I&O, infection, edema, hypertension.
Trade Name:
Proventil/Ventolin
Classification: Adrenergic B2-agonist, sympathomimetic, bronchodilator Use(s): Prevention of exercise induced asthma, bronchospasm, bronchitis, emphysema, or other respiratory diseases. Action: Causes bronchodilation by interacting with B2 receptors, relaxes bronchial smooth muscle. Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to sympathomimetics, tachydysrhythmias, severe cardiac disease, and heart block. Side Effects: Palpitations, tachycardia, tremors, nausea, nervousness, headache, and increased bronchospasm. Nursing implications: Assess the need for the drug, respiratory function, ability to self medicate, evidence of allergic Reactions
Trade Name:
Accutane (isotretirion)
Classification: Antiacne agent Use(s): Rarely used for severe recalcitrant acne Action: Unknown
Trade Name:
Brethine (terbutaline)
Classification: Selective B2 agonist; Bronchodilator Use(s): Bronchospasm, hyperkalemia, and premature labor.
Contraindications: hypersensitivity, inflamed skin, pregnancy
Action: Relaxes bronchial smooth muscle by acting on B2 Adrenergic receptors that relax bronchial smooth muscle.
Side Effects: Pseudotumor cerebri, hyperostosis, hepatotoxicity, chelitis, dry skin, skin fragility, pruritus, dry mouth, depression. Fetal abnormalities
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to sympathomimetics, narrow angle glaucoma, tachydysrhythmias.
Nursing implications: caution if psychiatric disorder.
Side Effects: N/V, palpitations, tachycardia, tremors, nausea, nervousness, headache, and cardiac arrest. Nursing implications: Assess respiratory function, vitals, and tolerance to treatment, monitor FHT’s, uterine activity
Trade Name:
Azulfidine (sulfasalazine)
Trade Name:
Aminophylline
Classification: Anti-inflammatory
Classification: Spasmolytic
Use(s): Ulcerative colitis, used for rheumatoid arthritis in pt’s who are unresponsive to or intolerant to NSAIDS.
Use(s): Bronchial asthma, bronchial spasm, Cheyne-Stokes respiration. wheezing
Action: anti-inflammatory in connective tissue. A prodrug that delivers sulfapyridine and 5-aminosalicylic acid to the colon.
Action: Relaxes bronchial smooth muscle, and produces bronchodilation.
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to sulfonamides or salicylates, pregnancy @ term, child <2 years old, intestinal/urinary obstruction.
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to xanthines, tachydysrhythmias
Side Effects: Anaphylaxis, N/V/D, abdominal pain, hepatitis, convulsions, skin and urine discoloration may occur Nursing implications: Assess kidney function studies, for blood dyscrasis, allergic reaction. ister after meals
Side Effects: N/V, palpitations, tachycardia, tremors, nausea, nervousness, headache, tachypnea. Nursing implications: Assess: Theophylline levels, respiratory status, allergic reactions.
Trade Name: Nix (permethrin) Classification: Antiparasitic-Pediculicide Use(s): Lice, ticks, nits, flea nits Action: disrupts parasitic nerve cells. Contraindications: Hypersensitivity, Side Effects: Burning, pruritus, erythema, numbness, tingling. Nursing implications: Assess for signs of infection. Identify sources of infection.
Trade Name:
Kwell
(lindane)
Classification: Scabicide, pediculicide. Use(s): Scabies, Lice, nits. Action: Stimulates the nervous system of arthropods, causing seizures and death of organism. Contraindications: Hypersensitivity; premature neonate; pt’s with seizure disorders, inflammation of skin, or breaks in skin. Side Effects: Pruritis, rash, irritation, dermatitis, aplastic anemia, seizures Nursing implications: Assess for organisms prior to/after treatment. Identify sources of infection.
Trade Name: Trade Name:
Norplant
Classification: Contraceptive system Use(s): Prevention of pregnancy for 5 years. Action: Progestin that inhibits secretion of gonadotropins & prohibits follicular maturation. Contraindications: , pregnancy, and liver disease/tumors, breast carcinoma. Side Effects: dizziness, HA, nervousness, vaginitis. Nursing implications: Assess for jaundice, acne, and menstrual irregularities.
Urecholine (bethanechol)
Classification: Cholinergic stimulant. Use(s): Urinary retention (postoperative, postpartum); neurogenic atony of the bladder with retention. Action: Stimulates the muscarinc Ach receptors directly; mimics parasympathetic NS stimulation, stimulates GI motility/Micturition. Contraindications: Hypersensitivity, severe Bradycardia, asthma, hypotension, PUD, CAD, COPD. Side Effects: Rash, N/V/Bloody diarrhea, Cardiac arrest, circulatory collapse, acute asthma, dyspnea, bronchoconstriction. Nursing implications: Assess vitals, I&O, Assess for abnormal HR/Rhythm and respiratory issues D/C if develop. Give on an empty stomach
Trade Name(s)
Xylocaine
Classification: Anesthetics local Use(s):
Nerve block for pain
Action: Inhibits conduction of nerve impulses from sensory Nerves. Contraindications: Hypersensitivity, application to large areas Side Effects: Rash, irritation, and sensitization Nursing implications: Assess pain, assess for any infection,
evaluate response, redness, swelling, pain.
Trade Name:
Danocrine (danazol)
Classification: androgen Use(s): endometriosis, fibrocystic breast disease, and prevention of heredity angioedema. Action: Decreases FSH, LH which leads to amenorrhea / anovulation. Contraindications: Severe renal/cardiac/hepatic disease, , pregnancy. Side Effects: Rash, acne, dizziness, mood change, cramps, ↑BP Nursing implications: Assess K+, mental status, hypercalcemia,
Trade Name(s)
Duramorph
Classification: Anesthetics: Opiate analgesic Use(s): Severe pain Action: Depresses pain impulse transmission at the spinal
cord level by interacting with opioid receptors. Contraindications: hypersensitivity, addiction, hemorrhage, bronchial asthma, increased intracranial pressure. Side Effects: Drowsiness, dizziness, confusion, headache, sedation, euphoria, palpitations, bradycardia, change in B/P, n/v, rash, respiratory depression. Nursing implications: Assess: Pain Bowel status I&O Vitals CNS Respiratory depression Allergic reactions
Trade Name(s)
Novocain
Classification: Local anesthetic Use(s): Spinal, epidermal, periph. nerve block, & perineum,
lower extremities, infiltration.
Action: Completes w/ Ca+ for sites in nerve membrane that
controls Na+ transport across the cell membrane; decreases rise of depolarization phase of action potential. Contraindications: Hypersens., children ↓12, severe liver disease. Side Effects: Palpatations, tachycardia, tremors, nausea, nervousness, & HA. Nursing implications: Assess: VS, HFT if used during labor, allergic reactions, rash urticaria, itching, as well as cardiac status. ister: Only clear drugs, only with resuscitative equipment nearby, only use drugs w/o preservatives for epidural or caudal anesthesia.
Trade Name(s)
Nesacaine
Classification: Local anesthetic Use(s): Epidural, peripheral block, caudal anesthesia, &
Trade Name(s)
Classification: Local anesthetic Use(s): Epidural, peripheral block, caudal anesthesia, &
Infiltration, block
infiltration block. Action: Competes with calcium for sites in the nerve membrane
that control sodium transport. Thus slowing the depolarization phase of the action potential. Contraindications: Hypersensitivity, children <12 years, severe
Action: Block nerve impulses at the point of in all kinds
of nerves. Contraindications: Hypersensitivity. Side Effects: Anxiety, dizziness, HA, restlessness, tremor, HTN
palpitations, tachycardia, anginal pain.
liver disease. Side Effects: Seizures, loss of consciousness, myocardial
Marcaine
Nursing implications: Monitor for cyanosis, angina
depression, arrest, dysrhythmias, status asthmaticus, respiratory arrest, anaphylaxis. Nursing implications: VS, √ FHT’s. Look for allergic reactions.
Trade Name(s) Trade Name:
Vitamin K (aqua mephyton)
Demerol (meperidine hydrochloride)
Classification: Opiate analgesic. Narcotic analgesic
Classification: Vitamin K, Fat-soluble vitamin
Use(s): Pain control
Use(s): Vitamin K malabsorption, to prevent hemorrhage, prevents hemorrhagic disease
Action: Depresses pain impulse transmission at the spinal cord
Action: Needed for adequate blood clotting, factors 2, 7, 9, 10
Contraindications:: Hypersensitivity, addiction.
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity, severe hepatic disease, last few weeks of pregnancy.
Side Effects: Increased I, seizures, respiratory depression,
Side Effects: HA, brain damage, hemolytic anemia, hemoglobinuria & hyperbilirubinemia.
Nursing implications: Assess pain, renal function, I&O,
Nursing implications: Assess for bleeding (emesis, stools, urine) Check PTT, nutritional status (is K intake adequate?)
level by interacting with opioid receptors.
drowsiness, dizziness, confusion, headache, sedation, & euphoria constipation, allergic reaction, respiratory rate, in labor do not give if delivery is expected within 2-4 hours
Trade Name(s):
Stadol (butorphanol)
Classification: Narcotic analgesic, opiate analgesic Use(s): Moderate to severe pain. Action: Decreases pain impulse at the spinal cord level by
interacting with opioid receptors. Contraindications: Hypersensitivity, addiction, CHF, myocardial
infarction
Trade Name(s):
Nubain
Classification: Opioid analgesic
Use(s): Moderate to severe pain Action: Depresses pain impulse transmission at the spinal cord level by interacting with opioid receptors. Contraindications: Hypersensitivity and addiction.
Drowsiness, dizziness, headache, confusion, sedation, euphoria, n/v, anorexia, constipation, cramps. Respiratory depression, pulmonary HTN. Side Effects:
Nursing implications: Assess pain, decreased output, CNS
Side Effects: Drowsiness, dizziness, confusion, HA, sedation, euphoria, N/V, anorexia, constipation, and cramps. Nursing implications: I&O, CNS changes, dizziness, need for medication, allergic reactions.
changes, allergic Rx and respiratory dysfunction.
Trade Name(s):
Narcan
(naloxone)
Classification: Opioid antagonist Use(s): Reverses narcotics, treat respiratory depression caused by narcotics and narcotic overdose Action: Competes with opioids at opiate receptor sites. Contraindications: Hypersensitivity Side Effects: Drowsiness, nervousness, Rapid pulse, V-Tach,
V-Fib. Nursing implications: Withdrawal symptoms, respiratory &
cardiac status, pain.
Trade Name:
Morphine Sulfate
Classification: Opiate analgesic Use(s): Severe pain Action: Depress pain impulse transmission at the spinal cord level by interacting with opioid receptors Contraindications: Hypersensitivity, addiction, hemorrhage, bronchial asthma, increase I. Side Effects: Nursing implications: Assess need for pain medication, respiratory depression, and allergic reactions. Antidote is Narcan
Trade Name:
Versed (midazolam)
Classification: Sedative, hypnotic Use(s): Pre-op, general induction, sedation for procedures.
Trade Name:
Sublimaze
Classification: Narcotic analgesic Use(s): Pre-op, post-op, adjunct to general anesthetic
Action: Binds to Benzodiazepine receptors, induces amnesia
Action: Inhibits ascending pain pathways
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity, shock, coma, Etoh ingestion, acute narrow angle glaucoma.
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to opiates, myasthenia gravis
Side Effects: Apnea, laryngospasm, bronchospasm, retrograde amnesia
Side Effects: Bradycardia, arrest, respiratory depression, respiratory arrest.
Nursing implications: injection site, vital signs, and signs of apnea
Nursing implications: Vital signs
Trade Name:
Erythromycin ophthalmic
ointment Classification: Antibacterial Use(s): prevention of gonococal conjunctivitis and chiamydial conjunctivitis Action bacteriostatic or bacteriocidal based on concentration and target organism Contraindications: none Side Effects: chemical conjunctivitis Nursing implications: place ½ in. ribbon of ointment in the lower conjunctival sac within 1 hour of delivery
Trade Name:
Achromycin ophthalmic ointment
Classification: Antibacterial Use(s): prevents neisseria gonorrhea, ophthalmic neonatorium Action bacteriostatic Contraindications: none Side Effects: chemical conjunctivitis Nursing implications: place ½ in. ribbon of ointment in the lower conjunctival sac within 1 hour of delivery
Trade Name: Trade Name:
Hepatitis B Vaccine
Classification: Immune Globulin Use(s): Prevention of Hepatitis B virus in exposed patients
Toradol
(ketorolac)
Classification: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory/nonopioid analgesic. Use(s): Mild to moderate pain.
Action: Provides ive immunity to Hepatitis B
Action: Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis, analgesic, antiinflammatory
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to immune globulins, coagulation disorders
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity, asthma, renal disease, PUD, lactation, CV bleed.
Side Effects: Soreness at injection site, angioedema, anaphylaxis
Side Effects: Gi Bleeds, perforation, Dysuria, Hematuria
Nursing implications: For history of anaphylaxis to vaccines.
Trade/Generic Name:
Motrin/Advil/Ibuprofen
Classificationn: NSAID Use(s): Fever, dental pain, rheumatoid arthritis, musculoskeletal disorders Action: Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis, analgesic, and antiinflammatory, antipyretic. Contraindications: PUD, asthma, and severe renal/hepatic disease.
Nursing implications: For ASA sensitivity, pain characteristics, bleeding time, tinnitus.
Trade Name: chlorpropamide (Glucamide) 100-750mg/day Classification: Oral Hypoglycemic Agents-1st Generation Sulfonureas Use(s): Hyperglycemia, Adjunct to diet, exercise to ↓ glucose levels w/ Mild to mod.Type 2 DM. Action: Unk., probably stimulates insulin release from the pancreas. ↑ peripheral sensitivity to insulin. Potentiates ADH.
Side Effects: N/V/D, dizziness, light-headedness, fatigue
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to sulfonylureas, juvenile or brittle diabetes, pregnancy, lactation, pregnancy.
Nursing implications: For pain, fever/temp, and for a history of contraindications.
Side Effects: parasthesia, fatigue, dizziness, vertigo, malaise, HA, tinnitus, N/V, heartburn, epigastric distress, rash, urticaria. Nursing implications: caution w/ renal failure, elderly, malnourished, allergy to. Monitor S/S of hypoglycemia.
Trade Name: Trade Name: tolbutamide (Orinase) 100-1,000mg/day Classification: Oral Hypoglycemic Agents-1st Generation Sulfonureas Use(s): Hyperglycemia, Adjunct to diet, exercise to ↓ glucose levels w/ Mild to mod.Type 2 DM. Action: Unk., probably stimulates insulin release from the pancreas. ↑ peripheral sensitivity to insulin. Contraindications: Hypersens., sole agent for Type 1, pregnant or lactating, DKA. Side Effects: Hypoglycemia, N/V, cholestasis, rash, pruritis, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia. Nursing implications: caution w/ renal failure, elderly, malnourished, allergy to. Monitor S/S of hypoglycemia.
Trade Name:
tolazamide
(Tolinase)
acetohexamide
(Dymelor)
Classification: Oral Hypoglycemic Agents-1st Generation Sulfonureas Use(s): Hyperglycemia, Adjunct to diet, exercise to ↓ glucose levels w/ Mild to mod.Type 2 DM. Action: Unk., probably stimulates insulin release from the pancreas. ↑ peripheral sensitivity to insulin. Potentiates ADH. Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to sulfonylureas, juvenile or brittle diabetes, pregnancy, lactation. Side Effects: Hypoglycemia, N/V, cholestasis, rash, pruritis, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia. Nursing implications: caution w/ renal failure, elderly, malnourished, allergy to. Monitor S/S of hypoglycemia.
Trade Name:
glipizide
(Glucatrol)
Classification: Oral Hypoglycemic Agents-1st Generation Sulfonureas
Classification: Oral Hypoglycemic Agents-2nd Generation Sulfonureas
Use(s): Hyperglycemia, Adjunct to diet, exercise to ↓ glucose levels w/ Mild to mod.Type 2 DM.
Use(s): Stable adult onset DM type II, NIDDM.
Action: Unk., probably stimulates insulin release from the pancreas. ↑ peripheral sensitivity to insulin. Potentiates ADH.
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to sulfonylureas, juvenile or brittle Diabetes.
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to sulfonylureas, juvenile or brittle diabetes, pregnancy, lactation, pregnancy Side Effects: Hypoglycemia, N/V, cholestasis, rash, pruritis, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia. Nursing implications: caution w/ renal failure, elderly, malnourished, allergy to. Monitor S/S of hypoglycemia.
Action: Causes functioning pancreas cells to release insulin.
Side Effects: N/V/D, headache, dizziness, hepatotoxicity, leukopenia, hemolytic anemia. Nursing implications: Assess for hypo/hyperglycemic reactions that can occur soon after a meal. Assess blood and urine glucose levels after treatment.
Trade Name:
glyburide (Diabeta,Micronase)
Classification: Oral Hypoglycemic Agents-2nd Generation Sulfonureas Use(s): Stable adult onset DM (NIDDM) Action: Causes functioning Beta cells in the pancreas to release insulin. Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to sulfonylureas, juvenile or brittle Diabetes Side Effects: Headache, weakness, N/V/D, Rash, Hypoglycemia Nursing implications: Assess for hypo/hyperglycemic reaction that can occur after meals.
Trade Name:
metformin (Glucophage)
Classification: Oral Hypoglycemic Agents-Biguanides Use(s): Stable adult onset diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) Action: Inhibits hepatic glucose production and increases sensitivity of insulin dependent cells. Contraindications: Hypersensitivity, hepatic, renal disease, alcoholism, cardiopulmonary disease, history of lactic acidosis. Side Effects: N/V/D, rash, headache, weakness, dizziness. Nursing implications: Assess for hypo/hyperglycemic reaction, assess CBC, for lactic acidosis.
Trade Name: (Actos)
Pioglitazone hydrochloride (NDH)
Classification: Oral Hypoglycemic Agents-NEW Use(s): Stable adult onset DM Action: ↑ insulin sensitivity by hepatic glucose metabolism Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to Thiazolidinedione, lactation, children, DKA, Side Effects: Hypoglycemia, aggravated DM, URTI, Pharyngitis, HA, edema, ↑ HDL. Nursing implications: Assess for Hypo/hyperglycemic reactions, Monitor CBG’s, LFT’s, CBC. Caution w/ CHF.
Trade Name:
insulin: Lispro / Lente / Regular/ Semilente/ NPH / Ultralente /70-30 Classification: Insulins Use(s): DM type I ,ketoacidosis in DM type I & II, PTs. on TPN or G tube feeding. See pharm book for peak, onset and duration times Action: ↓ blood sugar by facilitating the uptake & metabolism if glucose by insulin dependent cells. Also inhibits hepatic glucose production & the breakdown of glycogen, protein & fat, while it promotes the formation of glycogen, protein & triglycerides. Contraindications: Hypersensitive to protamine, Hypoglycemia, NPO status, Side Effects: Hypoglycemia, anaphylaxis, hepatotoxicity. Nursing implications: √ CBG’s (fasting & during treatment), rotate injection sites, Monitor signs of hypoglycemia. Peak
Trade Name:
rosiglitazone maleate (NDH) (Avandia)
Classification: Oral Hypoglycemic Agents-NEW Use(s): Stable adult onset DM, NIDDM. Action: Improves insulin resistance by hepatic glucose metabolism. Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to Thiazolidinediones Side Effects: Hypo/hyperglycemia, fatigue, Headache Nursing implications: Assess for hypo/hyperglycemic reactions, blood studies
Trade Name:
glucagon
Classification: Oral hyperglycemic agent (occurs naturally in body also) Use(s): Sever hypoglycemia, insulin antagonist Action: Converts hepatic glycogen to glucose.
Trade Name:
Estrogen/Progesterone
(comb.)
Classification: Contraceptives Use(s): Birth Control. Action: ↓ the release of FSH & LH. Contraindications: Pregnancy, thrombophlebitis, thromboembolic disorders, estrogen dependent CA of the breast or reproductive organs. Side Effects: Fluid retention, N/V, cramping, constipation, hyperpigmentation, HTN, ↑ risk of MI, Nursing implications: Monitor for adverse reactions.
Trade Name:
Progesterone only
Classification: Progesterone Use(s): Contraception, amenorrhea, PMS, abnormal uterine bleeding. Action: Inhibits secretion of pituitary gonadotropins, which prevents follicular maturation.
Contraindications: hypoglycemia, Side Effects: Hypersens., Pt. W/ pheochromocytoma, hyperglycemia, hypotension, N/V, urticaria, resp. distress. Nursing implications: Monitor CBG’s, VS, S/S of hyperglycemia. Initial dose is IM effect in 5-20 minutes. IV for severe hypoglycemia. Destroyed by the GI tract.
Contraindications: Breast CA, pregnancy, thrombolytic disorders. Side Effects: Dizziness, HA, migraine, fatigue, depression, stroke, embolism, MI, spontaneous Abortion Nursing implications: Assess Weight, B/P, I&O, edema, HTN.
Trade Name:
Depo-Provera
Classification: Antineoplastic, hormone Use(s): Uterine bleeding, endometrial / renal cancer, and secondary amenorrhea Action: Inhibits secretion of pituitary gonadotropins, which prevents maturation and ovulation. Contraindications: Breast/reproductive CA, , pregnancy, thrombolytic disorders. Side Effects: Stroke, PE, MI, N/V, spontaneous AB. Nursing implications: Assess Weight, B/P, I&O, edema, HTN.
Trade Name:
Norplant (559-560)
Trade Name:
RU486 (mifepristone)
Classification: Contraceptives Dose: 600 mg PO Use(s): Early Pregnancy Termination
Trade Name:
Ergotrate Maleate
Classification: Oxytocic Use(s): Postpartum or postabortion hemorrhage Action: Stimulates uterine contractions and vascular smooth muscle, decreases bleeding. Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to ergot medications, augmentation of labor, before delivery of placenta, threatened AB Side Effects: Headache, dizziness, fainting, HTN, Chest pain, N/V Nursing implications: Assess for ergotism, vitals, and fundal tone.
Trade Name:
Nupercainal Ointment
Classification: Topical anesthetics Use(s): Minor external irritation
Action: Inhibits progesterone receptors.
Action: Inhibits the conduction of nerve impulses from sensory nerves
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity, ectopic preg., IUD use, anticoagulants, cortico-steriods, chronic adrenal failure, bleeding disorder.
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity, large areas, Less than 1 year old.
Side Effects: Incomplete abortion, hemorrhage fetal malformation, vag. Bleeding, abd cramps, abd pain, N/V, HA, Nursing implications: Monitor for adverse reactions.
Side Effects: Rash, irritation, and sensitization Nursing implications: Assess pain, do not use until infection is treated, remove any scales or crust before applying medication
Trade/generic: Class:
Methergine (methylergonovine maleate)
Oxytocic, Uterine Motility Agent: Ergot Alkaloid
Treatment of PPH or postabortion, ↑ uterine contractions, uterine atont Ind:
Route: PO, IM, PR Action: Stimulates uterine, vascular, smooth muscle, causing
contractions & ↓ bleeding
Trade Name:
Epifoam
Classification: Topical Glucocorticoids Use(s): dermatitis Action: Antipruritic, anti-inflammatory Contraindications: Hypersensitivity, viral and fungal infections.
before delivery of placenta, hypertension, PID,.
Side Effects: Acne, atrophy, epidermal thinning, purpura, and striae.
S/E:
N/V, HA, dizziness, dyspnea, cramping, chest pain, hypertension & dysrhythmias
Nursing implications: Assess for a temperature, and for systemic absorption leading to a temperature.
RN:
monitor vitals, character & amt. of vag.bdg & watch for hemorrhage.
Contra: Hypersensitivity to ergot preparations, in labor,
Trade Name:
Syntocinon Nasal Spray
Classification: Oxytocic Use(s): Stimulation or induction of labor; missed or incomplete abortion; postpartum bleeding.
Trade Name:
Colace
Classification: Laxative, emollient Use(s): To soften stools
Action: Acts directly on myofibrils, producing uterine contractions; stimulates milk ejection by the breast.
Action: Increases water and fat penetration in the intestine; allows for easier age of the stool
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity, serum toxicity, fetal distress, and hypertonic uterus.
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity, obstruction, fecal impaction, and nausea/vomiting.
Side Effects: convulsions, tetanic contractions. Hypo/Hypertension, Brady/tachy-cardia, abruptio placenta, decreased uterine blood flow.
Side Effects: Nausea, cramps, diarrhea, rash, bitter taste, throat irritation.
Nursing implications: I&O, respiration, B/P and pulse (watch for hemorrhage) Length of contractions.
Nursing implications: Causes of constipation, bleeding, N/V
Trade Name:
Proctofoam
Trade Name:
Classification: Topical anesthetics Use(s): Rectal pain and itching, post partum hemorrhoids Action: Inhibits conduction of nerve impulses Contraindications: Hypersensitivity, infants less than 1 year of age. Side Effects: Rash, irritation, and sensitization. Nursing implications: Assess for pain and infection.
Surfak
Classification: Laxative, emollient Use(s): To soften stools Action: Increases water and fat penetration in the intestine; allows for easier age of the stool Contraindications: Hypersensitivity, obstruction, fecal impaction, and nausea/vomiting. Side Effects: Nausea, cramps, diarrhea, rash, bitter taste, throat irritation. Nursing implications: Causes of constipation, bleeding, N/V.
Trade Name:
Zantac
Classification: H2-histamine receptor antagonist
Trade Name:
Rubella Vaccine
Classification: Vaccines & toxoids
Use(s): Duodenal ulcer, H. Pylori, ERD Use(s): Rubella immunization Action: Inhibits histamine sites, which ceases acid production Contraindications: Hypersensitivity Side Effects: HA, Sleeplessness, confusion, hepatotoxicity. Nursing implications: I&O, Bun, Creatine, mental status, GI complaints.
Action: Promotes immunity by causing antibodies to be produced. Contraindications: immunosuppressed, CA, blood dyscrasia, GG disorders, TB, do not get pregnant for 3 months Side Effects: HA, malaise, rash, pain, erythema, sore throat, Nursing implications: Watch for anaphylaxis. Give SQ
Trade Name:
Dulcolax
Ind:
( ritodrine)
Tocolytic, uterine relaxant.
Class:
Classification: Laxative, stimulant Use(s): Short term treatment of constipation, bowel or rectal preparation for surgery/examination
Yutopar
Trade Name(s):
Management of premature labor.
Route: PO, IV
Action: Acts directly on the intestines by increasing motor activity
Action: ↓ frequency & intensity of uterine contractions
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity, rectal problems, N/V, acute abdomen, obstruction
Contra: hypersens, eclampsia, HTN, dysrhythmias, before
Side Effects: muscle weakness, N/V, cramps
S/E:
Nursing implications: Assess cause of constipation, monitor blood/urine/electrolytes if used often by the patient. Assess for cramping or rectal bleeding.
Erythema, rash, dyspnea, hyperventilation, glycosuria, lactic acidosis, hyperglycemia, Hypokalemia, nervousness, tremors.
RN:
Maternal & FHT, EKG, intensity & length of contractions, fluid intake.
Trade Name:
RhoGAM
Classification: Immunizing agent
by stimulating beta-2 receptors in uterine smooth muscle. 20th week of pregnancy, bronchial asthma.
Trade/generic: Class:
Pitocin
(oxytocin) Syntocinon
Oxytocic
Route: IM, IV, spray
Use(s): Prevention of isoimmunization in Rh negative women who are given Rh positive blood after abortions, miscarriages, and amniocentesis Suppress active antibiody response and formation of anti-Rh(D) in Rh negative clients exposed to Rh positive blood, promotes destruction of Rh positive fetal cells
Action: Acts directly on myofibrils, producing uterine contractions; stimulates milk ejection by the breast.
Action: Suppress the immune response of non-sensitized Rh cells, to sensitized cells, , blocks maternal antibody prodction
Contra: Hypers., serum toxemia, fetal distress, hypert. uterus, PPH, GI disturbance, diapheresis, HA, dizziness.
Contraindications: Previous immunization with the drug
S/E:
Ind:
Side Effects: Irritation at injection site, fever, lethargy, myalgia Nursing implications: For allergic reactions,
RN:
Stimulates or induces labor; for missed or incomplete Abortion, PPH, preeclampsia, eclampsia, PROM.
Convulsions, tetanic contractions, abruptio placenta, ↓ uterine blood flow I&O, VS, FHT’s
Trade Name(s):
Magnesium Sulfate
Classification: Electrolyte, anticonvulsant Use(s): Smooth muscle relaxant, inhibit or prevent pre-term labor ,uterine hyperstimulation, anticonvulsant Action:
MMR vaccine
Classification: vaccine Use(s): prevention of measles, mumps, and rubella Action: produces antibodies to measles, mumps and rubella Contraindications: Hypersensitivity, anemia, active infection, allergy to eggs/chickens, pregnancy, febrile illness.
Contraindications: Side Effects: Muscle weakness, flushing, sweating, confusion,
sedation, depressed reflexes, flaccidity, paralysis, hypothermia, nausea, vomiting, cramps, hypotension, heart block, circulatory collapse. Nursing implications: Assess for magnesium toxicity, cramping,
bleeding. In PIH prevents seizures. Calcium gluconate is the antagonist.
Trade Name(s):
Trade Name:
Side Effects: anaphylaxis, subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, and blindness associated with optic neuritis Nursing implications: Watch for skin reactions and anaphylaxis, bronchospasm, inability to breathe, must dilute with specific diluent that comes with the medication. Instruct female patients not to get pregnant for 3 months
Prostaglandin
Classification: hormone Use(s): To maintain patent ductus arteriosus Action: Relaxes the smooth muscle of the ductus arteriosus; this results in increased o2 content in the body Contraindications: hypersensitivity, respiratory distress syndrome.
Gen./Trade Name: Vitamins A, D, E, K Classification: fat soluble Use(s): A-night blindness, D-maintains Ca & P homeostasis, Eantioxidant ↓ platelet aggregation, K-clotting factors. Action: Catalysts for biochemical and metabolic reactions. Contraindications:
Side Effects: Sepsis, peritonitis, apnea, bradycardia, wheezing, Side Effects: Anaphylaxis, N/V, fatigue, weakness, HA. dizziness, respiratory depression, DIC, cerebral bleed, lethargy. dysrhythmias Nursing implications: monitor bilirubin, hypersensitivity, bleeding, Nursing implications: ABG’s, apnea, bradycardia PT times.
Trade Name:
DPT vaccine
Classification: Vaccine, toxoid Use(s): Prevention of diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis. Action: Provides immunity by stimulating antibody/antitoxin production. Contraindications: Hypersensitivity, active infection, immunosuppression, and febrile illness Side Effects: seizures, N/V, anaphylaxis, encephalopathy Nursing implications: for skin reactions, inability to breath, bronchospasm.
Trade Name:
Iron
Classification: Vitamin Use(s): To prevent maternal deficiency. Action: Replaces iron stores needed for RBC development Contraindications: Side Effects: N/V/D, constipation, black or red tarry stools, epigastric pain. Nursing implications: Liquid forms should be diluted to prevent discoloration of teeth.
Gen./Trade Name: bile salts (Bilron) Classification: Digestive agents Use(s): Initiate bile flow from the liver. Once used to treat pts. w/ biliary fistula & resection of the ileum. Used infrequently today. Action: Bile salts are converted to cholic acid & chenodeoxycholic acid. They conjugate w/ glycerine & taurine to form bile acids. Then the salts of the bile acids are secreted in the bile. Contraindications: Hepatic dysfunction, obstruction, N/V, abd. pain. Side Effects: Abd. cramping, diarrhea, ↓ MM resistance to acid, colic, HCl can damage tooth enamel RN implications: Monitor for abd pain, colic.
Trade Name:
Reglan
Classification: cholinergic Use(s): prevention of nausea and vomiting. Action: blocks dopamine in the chemoreceptor trigger zone Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to this drug or procainamide, seizure disorders, breast cancer Side Effects: Sedation, fatigue, restlessness, neutropenia, leukopenia. Nursing implications: Mental status, GI complaints.
Vitamins B1 (thiamine), B2 (riboflavin), B3, (niacin), B6 (pyridoxine), nicotinamide, C (ascorbic acid) Classification: Water Soluble Use(s): B1 -beriberi, B2 -skin, eyes, B3-pellagra, B6 seizures, C-scurvy Action: Catalysts for biochemical and metabolic reactions.
Trade Name:
Zofran (ondansetron)
Classification: Antiemetic Use(s): Prevention of N/V Action: Blocks serotonin Contraindications: Hypersensitivity
Contraindications:
Side Effects: Diarrhea, dizziness, drowsiness, fatigue.
Side Effects: Generally water soluble vitamins are nontoxic b/c excesses are excreted in urine.
Nursing implications: For hypersensitivity
Nursing implications: Monitor for S/S of allergic reactions to parenteral thiamine.
Trade Name:
Folic Acid
Classification: Vitamin Use(s): To assist with a normal pregnancy. Action: Contraindications: Side Effects: Allergic bronchospasm, rash, Pruritis, Erythema, malaise. Nursing implications: A client trying to get pregnant should take folic acid 3-6 months before conception.
Trade Name:
Atropine Sulfate
Classification: Antidysrhythmic, anticholinergic, parasympatholytic Use(s): Bradycardias, blocks vagal response, pre-surgery to decrease secretions, increase heart rate and dilate pupils Action: Blocks ACH at parasympathetic receptors, decreases oral and respiratory secretions, muscarinic antagonist drug Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to belladonna alkaloids, tachycardia, GI obstruction, closed angle glaucoma, paralytic ileus Side Effects: Dry mouth, n/v tachycardia, blurred vision, decrease perspiration, constipation, urinary retention Nursing implications: I&O, EKG, respiratory status
Trade Name:
Riopan
Classification: Antacid Trade Name:
Calcium
Use(s): Antacid, PUD, gastric ulcers, indigestion. Action: Neutralizes gastric acidity.
Classification: Electrolyte Contraindications: hypersensitivity to this drug or aluminum Use(s): To manage hypocalcemia, to prevent deficits. Side Effects: Constipation, diarrhea, hypermagnesemia Action: Contraindications: Hypercalcemia, renal calculi, dig toxicity, V-Fib.
Nursing implications: GI status, Serum MG++ Levels if decreased liver function. Give after meals and atbedtime
Side Effects: N/V, pain, constipation, drowsiness, muscle weakness, HA. Nursing implications: Assess the need for Calcium intake.
Trade Name:
Antivert (meclizine)
Classification: Antiemetic, antihistamine, anticholinergic Use(s): Vertigo, motion sickness Action: Acts by blocking the chemoreceptor trigger zone
Trade Name:
Anectine
Classification: Neuromuscular blocker Use(s): Skeletal muscle relaxant
Contraindications: hypersensitivity to cyclizines, shock.
Action: Inhibits transmission of nerve impulses
Side Effects: Drowsiness, fatigue
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity, Malignant hypothermia, penetrating eye injuries.
Nursing implications: V/S, signs of toxicity
Side Effects: Sinus arrest, dysrhythmias, prolonged apnea, bronchospasm. Nursing implications: Electrolyte imbalances, I&O ratio, allergic reactions.
Trade Name:
Inapsine
Classification: neuroleptic Use(s): postoperatively for N/V Action: Acts on CNS at subcortical level, produces, tranquilization, sleep, Antiemetic.
Trade Name:
Tagamet
Classification: H2-histamine receptor antagonist Use(s): Short term treatment of GERD, duodenal and gastric ulcers Action: Inhibits histamine at the gastric acid site which inhibits secretion
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity, child <2 years old, pregnancy, lactation.
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity
Side Effects: Laryngospasm, bronchospasm, Tachycardia, hypotension.
Side Effects: Convulsions, paralytic ileus, jaundice, neutropenia, increased PTT.
Nursing implications: Vital signs.
Nursing implications: Assess I&O, bun, Creatine, and a CBC with differential monthly.
Trade Name:
Kytril (granisetron)
Trade Name:
Robinul (glycopyrrolate)
Classification: Cholinergic blocker, anticholinergic Classification: Antiemetic Use(s): Prevention of N/V
Use(s): decreases secretions before surgery, PUD, Irritable bowel, reduces gastric secretions
Action: Blocks serotonin
Action: Inhibits Ach in the autonomic nervous system
Contraindications: hypersensitivity
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity, narrow angle glaucoma, child <3 Y.O., MI.
Side Effects: HA, anxiety, bronchospasm, leukopenia Side Effects: Dry mouth, constipation. Nursing implications: For Hypersensitivity reactions Nursing implications: I&O, constipation, mental status.
Trade Name:
RID
Classification: Use(s): Trade Name:
Gelsolin
Classification: Use(s):
Action: Contraindications: Side Effects:
Action:
Nursing implications:
Contraindications: Side Effects: Nursing implications:
Trade Name: Trade Name:
DNase
Triple Dye
Classification:
Classification:
Use(s): Prevent infection of umbilical cord and promotes drying of the cord
Use(s):
Action
Action:
Contraindications:
Contraindications:
Side Effects:
Side Effects:
Nursing implications:
Nursing implications:
Trade Name:
Multi-Vitamins
Trade Name:
Silver nitrate Solution
Classification: Classification: Vitamins Use(s): Use(s): To prevent birth defects Action: Action: Contraindications: Contraindications: Side Effects: Side Effects: Nursing implications: Nursing implications:
Trade Name:
Bicitra
Trade Name:
Dermoplast
Classification: OTC Classification: Use(s): Use(s):
Treating metabolic acidosis and certain kidney problems (eg, kidney stones). Action:
Contraindications:
Diarrhea; loose stools; nausea; upset stomach; vomiting Side Effects:
Nursing implications:
Action: Contraindications: Side Effects: Nursing implications:
Trade Name:
Americain Spray
Classification: OTC Use(s):
Masse Cream
Classification: OTC Use(s):
Action:
Action:
Contraindications: Side Effects:
Contraindications: Side Effects:
Nursing implications:
Trade Name:
Trade Name:
Tucks
Classification: Astringents-OTC Use(s):
Nursing implications:
Trade Name:
Witch Hazel
Classification: Astringents-OTC Use(s):
Action:
Action:
Contraindications:
Contraindications:
Side Effects:
Side Effects:
Nursing implications:
Nursing implications:
Innovar
Classification: General anesthetic, narcotic analgesic, neuroleptic analgesic Use(s): Premedication, adjunct/maintenance of anesthesia,
PHARMOCOLOGY
Action: Acts at subcortical levels to reduce motor activity. Contraindications: Hypersensitivity, <2 years old.
DRUG CARDS
Side Effects: Laryngospasm, bronchospasm, respiratory arrest. Nursing implications: V/S, LFT, BUN, Creatine, Paco2. After 1st dose of narcotic reduce dosage.
Trade Name:
Progesterone
Trade Name:
Estrogens
Classification: Progesterone, hormone
Classification: Estrogen, hormone
Use(s): Contraception, amenorrhea, PMS, abnormal uterine bleeding.
Use(s): Menopause, inoperable breast CA, Prostate CA, osteoporosis
Action: Prevents pituitary release of gonadotrophins, which prevents follicular maturation.
Action: Inhibits release of pituitary gonadotrophins, inhibits ovulation and calcium use in bone.
Contraindications: Breast/Reproductive CA, , cerebral bleeds.
Contraindications: Breast/Reproductive CA
Side Effects: Stroke, PE, MI, spontaneous AB
Side Effects: Seizures, Stroke, MI
Nursing implications: Weight, B/P, LFT, edema, mental status, hypercalcemia.
Nursing implications: Assess LFT, AST, ALT, bilirubin.
Trade Name:
Rocephin (ceftriaxone)
Classification: Broad-Spectrum antibiotic, 3rd generation cephalosporin Use(s): Gram-negative bacilli, less effective against gram positive Action: Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis Contraindications: to cephalosporins, <1 month old, pregnancy, lactation. Side Effects: N/V/D, bleeding, proteinuria, lymphocytosis, super infection, headache, dizziness, rash Nursing implications: Sensitivity to PCN or other cephalosporins. Assess for diarrhea, and blood chemistry studies, assess for s/s of superifection such as thrush and yeast infection
Trade Name:
Tetracycline
Classification: Broad-Spectrum anti-infective Use(s): Syphilis, clap, gonorrhea, rickettsia infections, acne, ophthalmic neonatorum
Trade Name:
Doxycycline
Classification: Antiinfectives Use(s): syphilis, Clap, gonorrhea, rickettsia Action: Inhibits protein synthesis Contraindications: hypersensitivity to tetracycline, children <8 years old, pregnancy, lactation. Side Effects: Fever, neutropenia, angioedema, hepatotoxicity Nursing implications: Assess I&O, allergic Rx, Blood studies, Signs of infection.
Trade Name:
Penicillin
Classification: Broad-Spectrum antiinfectives. Use(s): Gram +/- bacilli and cocci.
Action: Inhibits protein synthesis
Action: interferes with cell wall replication, producing inferior cell walls.
Contraindications: hypersensitivity to tetracycline, children <8 years old, pregnancy, and lactation. Hypersensitivity to light
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to PCN, neonates. Sensitivity to cephalosporins
Side Effects: Fever, HA, neutropenia, hemolytic anemia, angioedema.
Side Effects: anemia, increased bleeding time, Oliguria, proteinuria, Hematuria, rash, uticaria, anaphylaxsis
Nursing implications: Signs of anemia, Allergic reactions, N/V/D. Store out of heat/light
Nursing implications: Infection, I&O, liver studies, blood studies, respiratory status.
Trade Name:
Acyclovir
Classification: Antiviral Use(s): Herpes zoster, herpes simplex, herpes genitalis
Trade Name:
Podophyllin
Classification: Antiviral Use(s): Genital wart removal
Action: Interferes with DNA synthesis causing decreased viral replication.
Action: unknown
Contraindications:
Contraindications: hypersensitivity; perianal or MM warts.
Side Effects: Tremors, confusion, lethargy, convulsions, acute renal failure.
Side Effects: inflammation, burning Nursing implications: None noted.
Nursing implications: Signs of infection, I&O ratio, skin eruptions, allergic Reactions
Trade Name:
Flagyl (Metronidazole HCL)
Classification: Antiinfectives
Trade Name:
Use(s): Intestinal amoeba, bone / t infections, lower respiratory infections. Trichomonas vaginalis
Classification: H2-receptor antagonist.
Action: Direct acting amebicide Contraindications: , renal disease, pregnancy (1st tri), CNS disorders. Side Effects: Headache, dizziness, convulsions, Blurred vision, sore throat, dry mouth. Nursing implications: Assess for signs of infection. Assess stools, check vision, allergic reactions.
Pepcid
Use(s): Duodenal ulcer, gastric ulcer, GERD Action: Competitively inhibits histamine, while pepsin stays at a stable level, inhibits gastric secretions Contraindications: Hypersensitivity Side Effects: Thrombocytopenia, seizure, bronchospasm, Nursing implications: Blood counts, bleeding
Trade Name:
Tobramycin
Classification: Antiinfectives-Aminoglycoside Use(s): Infections of pseudomonas, E.Coli, enterobacter, staphylococcus Action: Interferes with protein synthesis, causing an inaccurate peptide sequence resulting in death. Contraindications: Severe renal disease, hypersensitivity to aminoglycosides. Side Effects Oliguria, hematuria, renal failure, ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, & leukopenia. Nursing implications: Assess weight, I&O, blood studies, serum levels
Trade/generic: Class:
Zinacef
(cefuroxime sodium)
Antibacterial Agents: 2nd gen. Cephalosporin
Route: IM, IV Ind:
Gram +/- bacteria, including most staph, gp. A & B Strep, most strep, E. coli, meningitits.
Action: Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis, making the
cell wall unstable. Contra: Hypers, seizure disorders. S/E:
RN:
Dizziness, headache, fatigue, rash, nephrotoxicity, renal failure. Assess for nephrotoxicity, I&O, Blood serum studies & allergic reactions.
Trade Name:
Neomycin
Classification: Antiinfectives-Aminoglycoside Use(s): Severe systemic infections with pseudomonas, E.Coli, enterobacter, Proteus. Action: Interferes with protein synthesis by binding to the 30s subunit, causing an erroneous protein that causes death. Contraindications: Bowel obstruction, severe renal disease, hypersensitivity, infants, and children. Side Effects Oliguria, hematuria, renal failure, ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, & leukopenia. Nursing implications: Assess Weight, I&O, renal impairment, dehydration, blood studies, serum levels.
Trade Name:
Claforan
Classification: Broad-spectrum antibiotic-Cephalosporin Use(s): Gram - & gram + organisms Action: Inhibits cell wall synthesis, making cell wall unstable. Contraindications: hypersensitivity to cephalosporins, infants < 1 month. Side Effects: N/V/D, anaphylaxis, Proteinuria, leukopenia. Nursing implications: Assess for sensitivity to PCN/Cephalosporins, nephrotoxicity, blood studies, and electrolytes.
Trade Name:
Tazidime
Classification: Broad-spectrum antibiotic-Cephalosporin Use(s): Gram negative and gram positive organisms Action: Inhibits cell wall synthesis, making cell wall unstable. Contraindications: hypersensitivity to cephalosporins, infants < 1 month. Side Effects: N/V/D, anaphylaxis, Proteinuria, leukopenia. Nursing implications: Assess for sensitivity to PCN/Cephalosporins, nephrotoxicity, blood studies, and electrolytes.
Trade Name:
Ticar
(ticarcillin)
Classification: Broad-spectrum Antiinfectives-Penicillin Use(s): Gram +/- cocci, Gram +/- bacilli. Action: Interferes with cell wall replication, and causes unstable cell walls to burst.
Trade Name:
Erythromycin
Classification: Broad-Spectrum Antiinfectives-Microlide Use(s): Bacterial infections, Legionaire’s disease, syphilis. Action: Binds to P site of 50s ribosomal subunit, interfereing w/ protein synthesis. Contraindications: Hypersens., cisapride use, astemizole use, impaired liver function, impaired hearing. Side Effects: anaphylaxis, N/V, diarrhea, anorexia, abd pain, abd cramps, pruritus, Nursing implications: observe for allergic reactions,
Trade Name:
Ampicillin
Classification: Broad-Spectrum Antiinfectives-Penicillin Use(s): Gram +/- cocci, Gram +/- bacilli Action: Interferes with cell wall replication & causes cell walls to burst.
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to PCN Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to PCN Side Effects: Anemia, increased bleeding time, bone marrow depression, N/V/D. Nursing implications: Assess, I&O, liver studies, blood studies, lethargy, coma, convulsions.
Side Effects: Rash, anemia, bone marrow depression, coma, convulsions, and anaphylaxis. Nursing implications: Assess I&O, liver studies, blood studies, respiratory and vitals, as well as bowel habits.
Trade Name:
Trade Name:
Cipro
Classification: Broad-Spectrum Antiinfectives Use(s): Infections caused by susceptible organisms E. Coli, Proteus, staph. Action: Interferes with conversion of DNA fragments into higher molecular weight ones. DNA gyrase inhibitors. Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to quinolones Side Effects: Headache, dizziness, restlessness, N/V/D. Nursing implications: Assess for CNS symptoms, I&O ratio, allergic reactions.
Trade Name:
Virazole
Classification: Antiinfectives-Sulfonamides Use(s): UTI, Otitis media, and shigellosis Action: Bacteriostatic agent that prevents bacterial growth by Inhibiting folic acid production. Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to sulfonamides, infants <2 months. Side Effects: N/V, diarrhea, t pain, urticaria, convulsions, fever, renal failure, leukopenia. Nursing implications: Assess for allergic reactions, kidney functions, and allergic reactions, maintain adequate fluid inake
(ribavirin)
Classification: Antiviral Agents-ribavirin Use(s): Infants and young children w/ lower resp. infections caused By RSV (respiratory syncytial virus) Action: Inhibits viral RNA and DNA synthesis Contraindications: Pregnant or lactating, COPD, asthma, ventilation, Side Effects: ↓ resp. function, vent. Dependence, pneumothorax, apnea, cardiac arrest, HTN, rash, conjunctivitis, erythema of eyelids. Nursing implications: Monitor: VS, cardiac status, CBC. Route of istration is aerosol inhalation
Bactrim
Trade Name:
Respigam
Classification: Immune serums Use(s): Prevention of serious lower respiratory tract infections caused by RSV in children <2 years old, with bronchopulmonary dysplasia, or premature birth. Action: Higher titer of neutralizing antibody against RSV. Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to this drug or other human immunoglobulin preparations. Side Effects: Resp distress, hypoxia, fever, HTN, anaphylaxis Nursing implications: Assess vital signs, respiratory status, for signs of aseptic meningitis.
Trade Name:
Synagis
antimycotic Agents (nystatin, clotrimazole, miconazole, fluconizole, etc.) Trade Name:
Classification: monoclonal antibodies
Classification: Antifungals
Use(s): Prevention of serious lower respiratory tract disease caused by RSV in pediatric PT’s.
Use(s): fungal infections: tinea pedis (common) to sporotrichosis (rare)
Action: A humanized monoclonal antibody that exhibits neutralizing and fusion-inhibitory activity against RSV.
Action: ↑ cell wall permeability.Some interfere w/ protein synthsis by binding to sterol..
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity, adults, and cyanotic congenital heart disease.
Contraindications: Hypersens., Pregnant or Lactating Pts.
Side Effects: N/V/D, URI, apnea, and rash site injection.
Side Effects: Nephrotoxicity, hypokalemia, chills, fever, N/V, muscle & t pain, HA, anorexia, abd. Pain.
Nursing implications: For presence of RSV infections.
Trade Name:
Cotazym
Classification: Digestant Use(s): Exocrine pancreatic secretion insufficiency, cystic fibrosis, steatorrhea, and pancreatic enzyme deficiency. Action: Pancreatic enzyme needed for breaking down substances from the pancreas. Contraindications: Allergy to pork, chronic pancreatic disease.
Nursing implications: Monitor LFT’s, do not ister w/ antacids.
Trade Name:
Pancreatin
Classification: Digestant Use(s): Exocrine pancreatic secretion insufficiency, cystic fibrosis (digestive aid) Action: Pancreatic enzyme needed for breakdown of substances released from the pancreas.
Side Effects: Anorexia, N/V/D
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to pork, chronic pancreatic disease.
Nursing implications: Assess for proper development, ister with meals, I&O ratio, 3 p’s.
Side Effects: Anorexia, N/V/D, and rash, hypersensitivity, buccal soreness. Nursing implications: Assess I&O, for 3 P’s for allergy to pork.
Trade Name:
Pancrease
Trade Name:
Mucomyst
Classification: Mucolytic; antidote - acetaminophen Classification: Digestant Use(s): Exocrine pancreatic secretion insufficiency, cystic fibrosis (digestive aid), and Pancreatic enzyme deficiency.
Use(s): Bronchitis; pneumonia; CF; emphysema; diagnostic in lab tests.
Action: Pancreatic enzyme needed for breakdown of substances released from the pancreas.
Action: Decreases viscosity of secretions by breaking disulfide links of mucoproteins.
Contraindications: Allergy to pork, chronic pancreatic disease.
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity; increased I, status asthmaticus.
Side Effects: N/V/D Nursing implications: Assess for 3 P’s, pork sensitivity, appropriate height and weight.
Side Effects: Dizziness; drowsiness, nausea, vomiting, bronchospasm, hemoptysis. stomatitis Nursing implications: Assess cough, respiratory status, VS.
Trade Name:
Flexeril (cyclobenzaprine) Pulmozyme
Classification: Skeletal muscle relaxant, central acting.
Trade Name:
Use(s): Adjunct for relief of muscle spasm and pain in muscle injuries.
Classification: cystic fibrosis agent Use(s): Management of Cystic fibrosis
Action: Unknown may be related to antidepressant effects. Contraindications: Acute recovery from an MI, dysrhythmias, heart block, CHF, hypersensitivity, child <12 years, thyroid disease. Side Effects: Dizziness, weakness, drowsiness, and dysrhythmias. Nursing implications: Assess blood studies, LFT’s, ECG in epileptic Pt’s., allergic Rx, CNS Depression.
Action: Breaks down molecules of infected sputum, to help get the sputum out. Contraindications: Hypersensitivity Side Effects: Possible laryngitis, uticaria, rash, chest pain. Nursing implications: Assess respiratory function, B/P, pulse, lung sounds.
Trade Name:
Cromolyn (same as intal)
Classification: Antiasthmatic Use(s): Preventive allergic rhinitis, asthma, and bronchial asthma, exercise induced asthma. Action: Stabilizes the membrane of the senthestized cell, preventing the release of additional chemical mediators Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to this drug or lactose or status asthmaticus. Side Effects: Headache, dizziness, urinary frequency, dysuria, N/V, dry mouth, bitter taste. Nursing implications: Assess eosinophil count during treatment, respiratory status.
Trade Name:
Prednisone
Classification: Corticosteroid Use(s): Severe inflammation, immunosuppression, neoplasm’s, MS, collagen disorders. Action: Decreases inflammation by suppression of migration of leukocytes and fibroblasts increases capillary permeability and lysosomal stabilization. Contraindications: Psychosis, hypersensitivity, amebiasis, fungal infections, child <2 years old, aids, TB. Side Effects: Circulatory collapse, thrombophlebitis, embolism, GI hemorrhage. Nursing implications: Assess for N/V, Weight, BP, I&O, infection, edema, mental status.
Trade Name:
Robaxin
Classification: Skeletal muscle relaxant, central acting. Use(s): Adjunct for relief of spasms and pain in muscles, tetanus management. Action: Depresses multisynaptic pathways in the spinal cord, causing skeletal muscle relaxant. Contraindications: hypersensitivity, child <12 yr., intermittent porphyria Side Effects: Dizziness, weakness, drowsiness, seizures, N/V, anaphylaxis. Nursing implications: Assess blood studies, liver function tests, ECG, allergic RX, CNS depression.
Trade Name:
Valium (diazepam)
Classification: Antianxiety, anti-convulsant, skeletal muscle relaxant Use(s): Anxiety, acute ETOH withdrawal, adjunct in seizure disorders. IV with anesthesia for labor Action: Potentates the action of GABA, especially in the limbic system. Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to benzodiazepines, narrow angle glaucoma, psychosis. Side Effects: Neutropenia, respiratory depression, dizziness drowsiness, and orthostatic hypotension. Nursing implications: Assess B/P, anxiety, for seizure, for changes in mental status.
Trade Name: Trade Name:
Indocin
Classification: NSAID Use(s): Rheumatoid arthritis, gout, closure of patent ductus arteriosus in premature infants. Action: Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis, analgesic, antiinflammatory, antipyretic. Contraindications: Hypersensitivity, asthma, severe renal disease, severe renal disease, and severe hepatic disease Side Effects: N/V/D, ulceration, and perforation, GI bleeds, hematuria, Oliguria. Nursing implications: Assess renal, blood and liver status, eye and ear problems, for confusion.
Tilade
Classification: Antiasthmatic Use(s): Severe perennial bronchial asthma, prevention of exercise-induced asthma. Not for treatment of acute asthma attacks. Action: Stabilizes the membrane of the sensitized mast cell, preventing further release of chemical mediators after the initial response. Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to this drug or lactose, status asthmaticus. Side Effects: Throat irritation, cough, nasal congestion, and rhinitis, burning eyes, N/V, bitter taste. Nursing implications: Assess pulmonary function test, respiratory status Trade Name:
Trade Name:
Intal
Classification: Antiasthmatic Use(s): Allergic rhinitis, severe perennial asthma, prevention of exercise induced bronchial asthma, asthma induced by pollutants. Action: Stabilizes the membrane of the sensitized mast cell, preventing further release of chemical mediators. Contraindications: hypersensitivity to this drug or lactose, status asthmaticus Side Effects: Headache, dizziness, neuritis, urinary frequency, dysuria, nausea, vomiting. Nursing implications: Assess eosinophil, respiratory status.
Aspirin ( acetylsalicylic acid ASA)
Classification: Non-narcotic analgesic, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory, antipyretic, antiplatelet Use(s): Mild to moderate pain or fever, prophylaxis of MI, angina & ischemic stroke Action: Blocks pain impulses at the CNS, antipyretic, decreases platelet aggregation, prolongs bleeding Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to ASA, yellow #5, GI bleed, Children <12 years old, children with flu-like symptoms, peptic ulcer. Side Effects: convulsion, GI bleed, hepatitis, and Reye’s syndrome, decreases hearing acuity, gastric irritation Nursing implications: Assess Liver function, renal function, blood studies, I&O ratio. Do not give with Ibuprofen, take with food
Trade Name:
Alupent
Classification: Bronchodilator selective B2 agonist Use(s): Bronchial asthma, bronchial spasm. Action: Relaxes bronchial smooth muscle by direct action on B2 Adrenergic receptors. Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to sympathomimetics, narrow angle glaucoma. Side Effects: N/V, palpitations, tachycardia, tremors, nausea, nervousness, headache, and increased bronchospasm, cardiac arrest. Nursing implications: Assess respiratory function, for tolerance.
Trade Name:
Theophylline
Classification: Spasmolytic, bronchodilator Use(s): Bronchial asthma, broncho-spasm of COPD, chronic bronchitis. Action: Relaxes bronchial smooth muscle by blocking phosphodiesterase. Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to xanthine, tachydysrhythmias. Side Effects: Convulsions, palpitations, tachycardia, tremors, nausea, nervousness, and headache,restlessness, irritability, insomnia, dizziness. Adverse CNS reactions often more severe in children Nursing implications: Assess Theophylline level, heart rate, respiratory status, for allergic reactions, monitor blood levels. If dose missed call MD before doubling.
Trade Name:
Solu-Cortef
Classification: Corticosteroid Use(s): Severe inflammation, septic shock, adrenal insufficiency, ulcerative colitis, collagen disorders. Action: Decreases inflammation by suppression of leukocytes reverses capillary permeability. Contraindications: Psychosis, hypersensitivity, idiopathic thrombocytopenia, fungal infections, bronchial disease, children <2 years old, aids, TB. Side Effects: Circulatory collapse, thrombophlebitis, and embolism, thrombocytopenia, GI hemorrhage. Nursing implications: Assess mental status, weight, B/P, I&O, infection, edema, hypertension.
Trade Name:
Proventil/Ventolin
Classification: Adrenergic B2-agonist, sympathomimetic, bronchodilator Use(s): Prevention of exercise induced asthma, bronchospasm, bronchitis, emphysema, or other respiratory diseases. Action: Causes bronchodilation by interacting with B2 receptors, relaxes bronchial smooth muscle. Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to sympathomimetics, tachydysrhythmias, severe cardiac disease, and heart block. Side Effects: Palpitations, tachycardia, tremors, nausea, nervousness, headache, and increased bronchospasm. Nursing implications: Assess the need for the drug, respiratory function, ability to self medicate, evidence of allergic Reactions
Trade Name:
Accutane (isotretirion)
Classification: Antiacne agent Use(s): Rarely used for severe recalcitrant acne Action: Unknown
Trade Name:
Brethine (terbutaline)
Classification: Selective B2 agonist; Bronchodilator Use(s): Bronchospasm, hyperkalemia, and premature labor.
Contraindications: hypersensitivity, inflamed skin, pregnancy
Action: Relaxes bronchial smooth muscle by acting on B2 Adrenergic receptors that relax bronchial smooth muscle.
Side Effects: Pseudotumor cerebri, hyperostosis, hepatotoxicity, chelitis, dry skin, skin fragility, pruritus, dry mouth, depression. Fetal abnormalities
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to sympathomimetics, narrow angle glaucoma, tachydysrhythmias.
Nursing implications: caution if psychiatric disorder.
Side Effects: N/V, palpitations, tachycardia, tremors, nausea, nervousness, headache, and cardiac arrest. Nursing implications: Assess respiratory function, vitals, and tolerance to treatment, monitor FHT’s, uterine activity
Trade Name:
Azulfidine (sulfasalazine)
Trade Name:
Aminophylline
Classification: Anti-inflammatory
Classification: Spasmolytic
Use(s): Ulcerative colitis, used for rheumatoid arthritis in pt’s who are unresponsive to or intolerant to NSAIDS.
Use(s): Bronchial asthma, bronchial spasm, Cheyne-Stokes respiration. wheezing
Action: anti-inflammatory in connective tissue. A prodrug that delivers sulfapyridine and 5-aminosalicylic acid to the colon.
Action: Relaxes bronchial smooth muscle, and produces bronchodilation.
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to sulfonamides or salicylates, pregnancy @ term, child <2 years old, intestinal/urinary obstruction.
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to xanthines, tachydysrhythmias
Side Effects: Anaphylaxis, N/V/D, abdominal pain, hepatitis, convulsions, skin and urine discoloration may occur Nursing implications: Assess kidney function studies, for blood dyscrasis, allergic reaction. ister after meals
Side Effects: N/V, palpitations, tachycardia, tremors, nausea, nervousness, headache, tachypnea. Nursing implications: Assess: Theophylline levels, respiratory status, allergic reactions.
Trade Name: Nix (permethrin) Classification: Antiparasitic-Pediculicide Use(s): Lice, ticks, nits, flea nits Action: disrupts parasitic nerve cells. Contraindications: Hypersensitivity, Side Effects: Burning, pruritus, erythema, numbness, tingling. Nursing implications: Assess for signs of infection. Identify sources of infection.
Trade Name:
Kwell
(lindane)
Classification: Scabicide, pediculicide. Use(s): Scabies, Lice, nits. Action: Stimulates the nervous system of arthropods, causing seizures and death of organism. Contraindications: Hypersensitivity; premature neonate; pt’s with seizure disorders, inflammation of skin, or breaks in skin. Side Effects: Pruritis, rash, irritation, dermatitis, aplastic anemia, seizures Nursing implications: Assess for organisms prior to/after treatment. Identify sources of infection.
Trade Name: Trade Name:
Norplant
Classification: Contraceptive system Use(s): Prevention of pregnancy for 5 years. Action: Progestin that inhibits secretion of gonadotropins & prohibits follicular maturation. Contraindications: , pregnancy, and liver disease/tumors, breast carcinoma. Side Effects: dizziness, HA, nervousness, vaginitis. Nursing implications: Assess for jaundice, acne, and menstrual irregularities.
Urecholine (bethanechol)
Classification: Cholinergic stimulant. Use(s): Urinary retention (postoperative, postpartum); neurogenic atony of the bladder with retention. Action: Stimulates the muscarinc Ach receptors directly; mimics parasympathetic NS stimulation, stimulates GI motility/Micturition. Contraindications: Hypersensitivity, severe Bradycardia, asthma, hypotension, PUD, CAD, COPD. Side Effects: Rash, N/V/Bloody diarrhea, Cardiac arrest, circulatory collapse, acute asthma, dyspnea, bronchoconstriction. Nursing implications: Assess vitals, I&O, Assess for abnormal HR/Rhythm and respiratory issues D/C if develop. Give on an empty stomach
Trade Name(s)
Xylocaine
Classification: Anesthetics local Use(s):
Nerve block for pain
Action: Inhibits conduction of nerve impulses from sensory Nerves. Contraindications: Hypersensitivity, application to large areas Side Effects: Rash, irritation, and sensitization Nursing implications: Assess pain, assess for any infection,
evaluate response, redness, swelling, pain.
Trade Name:
Danocrine (danazol)
Classification: androgen Use(s): endometriosis, fibrocystic breast disease, and prevention of heredity angioedema. Action: Decreases FSH, LH which leads to amenorrhea / anovulation. Contraindications: Severe renal/cardiac/hepatic disease, , pregnancy. Side Effects: Rash, acne, dizziness, mood change, cramps, ↑BP Nursing implications: Assess K+, mental status, hypercalcemia,
Trade Name(s)
Duramorph
Classification: Anesthetics: Opiate analgesic Use(s): Severe pain Action: Depresses pain impulse transmission at the spinal
cord level by interacting with opioid receptors. Contraindications: hypersensitivity, addiction, hemorrhage, bronchial asthma, increased intracranial pressure. Side Effects: Drowsiness, dizziness, confusion, headache, sedation, euphoria, palpitations, bradycardia, change in B/P, n/v, rash, respiratory depression. Nursing implications: Assess: Pain Bowel status I&O Vitals CNS Respiratory depression Allergic reactions
Trade Name(s)
Novocain
Classification: Local anesthetic Use(s): Spinal, epidermal, periph. nerve block, & perineum,
lower extremities, infiltration.
Action: Completes w/ Ca+ for sites in nerve membrane that
controls Na+ transport across the cell membrane; decreases rise of depolarization phase of action potential. Contraindications: Hypersens., children ↓12, severe liver disease. Side Effects: Palpatations, tachycardia, tremors, nausea, nervousness, & HA. Nursing implications: Assess: VS, HFT if used during labor, allergic reactions, rash urticaria, itching, as well as cardiac status. ister: Only clear drugs, only with resuscitative equipment nearby, only use drugs w/o preservatives for epidural or caudal anesthesia.
Trade Name(s)
Nesacaine
Classification: Local anesthetic Use(s): Epidural, peripheral block, caudal anesthesia, &
Trade Name(s)
Classification: Local anesthetic Use(s): Epidural, peripheral block, caudal anesthesia, &
Infiltration, block
infiltration block. Action: Competes with calcium for sites in the nerve membrane
that control sodium transport. Thus slowing the depolarization phase of the action potential. Contraindications: Hypersensitivity, children <12 years, severe
Action: Block nerve impulses at the point of in all kinds
of nerves. Contraindications: Hypersensitivity. Side Effects: Anxiety, dizziness, HA, restlessness, tremor, HTN
palpitations, tachycardia, anginal pain.
liver disease. Side Effects: Seizures, loss of consciousness, myocardial
Marcaine
Nursing implications: Monitor for cyanosis, angina
depression, arrest, dysrhythmias, status asthmaticus, respiratory arrest, anaphylaxis. Nursing implications: VS, √ FHT’s. Look for allergic reactions.
Trade Name(s) Trade Name:
Vitamin K (aqua mephyton)
Demerol (meperidine hydrochloride)
Classification: Opiate analgesic. Narcotic analgesic
Classification: Vitamin K, Fat-soluble vitamin
Use(s): Pain control
Use(s): Vitamin K malabsorption, to prevent hemorrhage, prevents hemorrhagic disease
Action: Depresses pain impulse transmission at the spinal cord
Action: Needed for adequate blood clotting, factors 2, 7, 9, 10
Contraindications:: Hypersensitivity, addiction.
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity, severe hepatic disease, last few weeks of pregnancy.
Side Effects: Increased I, seizures, respiratory depression,
Side Effects: HA, brain damage, hemolytic anemia, hemoglobinuria & hyperbilirubinemia.
Nursing implications: Assess pain, renal function, I&O,
Nursing implications: Assess for bleeding (emesis, stools, urine) Check PTT, nutritional status (is K intake adequate?)
level by interacting with opioid receptors.
drowsiness, dizziness, confusion, headache, sedation, & euphoria constipation, allergic reaction, respiratory rate, in labor do not give if delivery is expected within 2-4 hours
Trade Name(s):
Stadol (butorphanol)
Classification: Narcotic analgesic, opiate analgesic Use(s): Moderate to severe pain. Action: Decreases pain impulse at the spinal cord level by
interacting with opioid receptors. Contraindications: Hypersensitivity, addiction, CHF, myocardial
infarction
Trade Name(s):
Nubain
Classification: Opioid analgesic
Use(s): Moderate to severe pain Action: Depresses pain impulse transmission at the spinal cord level by interacting with opioid receptors. Contraindications: Hypersensitivity and addiction.
Drowsiness, dizziness, headache, confusion, sedation, euphoria, n/v, anorexia, constipation, cramps. Respiratory depression, pulmonary HTN. Side Effects:
Nursing implications: Assess pain, decreased output, CNS
Side Effects: Drowsiness, dizziness, confusion, HA, sedation, euphoria, N/V, anorexia, constipation, and cramps. Nursing implications: I&O, CNS changes, dizziness, need for medication, allergic reactions.
changes, allergic Rx and respiratory dysfunction.
Trade Name(s):
Narcan
(naloxone)
Classification: Opioid antagonist Use(s): Reverses narcotics, treat respiratory depression caused by narcotics and narcotic overdose Action: Competes with opioids at opiate receptor sites. Contraindications: Hypersensitivity Side Effects: Drowsiness, nervousness, Rapid pulse, V-Tach,
V-Fib. Nursing implications: Withdrawal symptoms, respiratory &
cardiac status, pain.
Trade Name:
Morphine Sulfate
Classification: Opiate analgesic Use(s): Severe pain Action: Depress pain impulse transmission at the spinal cord level by interacting with opioid receptors Contraindications: Hypersensitivity, addiction, hemorrhage, bronchial asthma, increase I. Side Effects: Nursing implications: Assess need for pain medication, respiratory depression, and allergic reactions. Antidote is Narcan
Trade Name:
Versed (midazolam)
Classification: Sedative, hypnotic Use(s): Pre-op, general induction, sedation for procedures.
Trade Name:
Sublimaze
Classification: Narcotic analgesic Use(s): Pre-op, post-op, adjunct to general anesthetic
Action: Binds to Benzodiazepine receptors, induces amnesia
Action: Inhibits ascending pain pathways
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity, shock, coma, Etoh ingestion, acute narrow angle glaucoma.
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to opiates, myasthenia gravis
Side Effects: Apnea, laryngospasm, bronchospasm, retrograde amnesia
Side Effects: Bradycardia, arrest, respiratory depression, respiratory arrest.
Nursing implications: injection site, vital signs, and signs of apnea
Nursing implications: Vital signs
Trade Name:
Erythromycin ophthalmic
ointment Classification: Antibacterial Use(s): prevention of gonococal conjunctivitis and chiamydial conjunctivitis Action bacteriostatic or bacteriocidal based on concentration and target organism Contraindications: none Side Effects: chemical conjunctivitis Nursing implications: place ½ in. ribbon of ointment in the lower conjunctival sac within 1 hour of delivery
Trade Name:
Achromycin ophthalmic ointment
Classification: Antibacterial Use(s): prevents neisseria gonorrhea, ophthalmic neonatorium Action bacteriostatic Contraindications: none Side Effects: chemical conjunctivitis Nursing implications: place ½ in. ribbon of ointment in the lower conjunctival sac within 1 hour of delivery
Trade Name: Trade Name:
Hepatitis B Vaccine
Classification: Immune Globulin Use(s): Prevention of Hepatitis B virus in exposed patients
Toradol
(ketorolac)
Classification: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory/nonopioid analgesic. Use(s): Mild to moderate pain.
Action: Provides ive immunity to Hepatitis B
Action: Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis, analgesic, antiinflammatory
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to immune globulins, coagulation disorders
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity, asthma, renal disease, PUD, lactation, CV bleed.
Side Effects: Soreness at injection site, angioedema, anaphylaxis
Side Effects: Gi Bleeds, perforation, Dysuria, Hematuria
Nursing implications: For history of anaphylaxis to vaccines.
Trade/Generic Name:
Motrin/Advil/Ibuprofen
Classificationn: NSAID Use(s): Fever, dental pain, rheumatoid arthritis, musculoskeletal disorders Action: Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis, analgesic, and antiinflammatory, antipyretic. Contraindications: PUD, asthma, and severe renal/hepatic disease.
Nursing implications: For ASA sensitivity, pain characteristics, bleeding time, tinnitus.
Trade Name: chlorpropamide (Glucamide) 100-750mg/day Classification: Oral Hypoglycemic Agents-1st Generation Sulfonureas Use(s): Hyperglycemia, Adjunct to diet, exercise to ↓ glucose levels w/ Mild to mod.Type 2 DM. Action: Unk., probably stimulates insulin release from the pancreas. ↑ peripheral sensitivity to insulin. Potentiates ADH.
Side Effects: N/V/D, dizziness, light-headedness, fatigue
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to sulfonylureas, juvenile or brittle diabetes, pregnancy, lactation, pregnancy.
Nursing implications: For pain, fever/temp, and for a history of contraindications.
Side Effects: parasthesia, fatigue, dizziness, vertigo, malaise, HA, tinnitus, N/V, heartburn, epigastric distress, rash, urticaria. Nursing implications: caution w/ renal failure, elderly, malnourished, allergy to. Monitor S/S of hypoglycemia.
Trade Name: Trade Name: tolbutamide (Orinase) 100-1,000mg/day Classification: Oral Hypoglycemic Agents-1st Generation Sulfonureas Use(s): Hyperglycemia, Adjunct to diet, exercise to ↓ glucose levels w/ Mild to mod.Type 2 DM. Action: Unk., probably stimulates insulin release from the pancreas. ↑ peripheral sensitivity to insulin. Contraindications: Hypersens., sole agent for Type 1, pregnant or lactating, DKA. Side Effects: Hypoglycemia, N/V, cholestasis, rash, pruritis, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia. Nursing implications: caution w/ renal failure, elderly, malnourished, allergy to. Monitor S/S of hypoglycemia.
Trade Name:
tolazamide
(Tolinase)
acetohexamide
(Dymelor)
Classification: Oral Hypoglycemic Agents-1st Generation Sulfonureas Use(s): Hyperglycemia, Adjunct to diet, exercise to ↓ glucose levels w/ Mild to mod.Type 2 DM. Action: Unk., probably stimulates insulin release from the pancreas. ↑ peripheral sensitivity to insulin. Potentiates ADH. Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to sulfonylureas, juvenile or brittle diabetes, pregnancy, lactation. Side Effects: Hypoglycemia, N/V, cholestasis, rash, pruritis, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia. Nursing implications: caution w/ renal failure, elderly, malnourished, allergy to. Monitor S/S of hypoglycemia.
Trade Name:
glipizide
(Glucatrol)
Classification: Oral Hypoglycemic Agents-1st Generation Sulfonureas
Classification: Oral Hypoglycemic Agents-2nd Generation Sulfonureas
Use(s): Hyperglycemia, Adjunct to diet, exercise to ↓ glucose levels w/ Mild to mod.Type 2 DM.
Use(s): Stable adult onset DM type II, NIDDM.
Action: Unk., probably stimulates insulin release from the pancreas. ↑ peripheral sensitivity to insulin. Potentiates ADH.
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to sulfonylureas, juvenile or brittle Diabetes.
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to sulfonylureas, juvenile or brittle diabetes, pregnancy, lactation, pregnancy Side Effects: Hypoglycemia, N/V, cholestasis, rash, pruritis, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia. Nursing implications: caution w/ renal failure, elderly, malnourished, allergy to. Monitor S/S of hypoglycemia.
Action: Causes functioning pancreas cells to release insulin.
Side Effects: N/V/D, headache, dizziness, hepatotoxicity, leukopenia, hemolytic anemia. Nursing implications: Assess for hypo/hyperglycemic reactions that can occur soon after a meal. Assess blood and urine glucose levels after treatment.
Trade Name:
glyburide (Diabeta,Micronase)
Classification: Oral Hypoglycemic Agents-2nd Generation Sulfonureas Use(s): Stable adult onset DM (NIDDM) Action: Causes functioning Beta cells in the pancreas to release insulin. Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to sulfonylureas, juvenile or brittle Diabetes Side Effects: Headache, weakness, N/V/D, Rash, Hypoglycemia Nursing implications: Assess for hypo/hyperglycemic reaction that can occur after meals.
Trade Name:
metformin (Glucophage)
Classification: Oral Hypoglycemic Agents-Biguanides Use(s): Stable adult onset diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) Action: Inhibits hepatic glucose production and increases sensitivity of insulin dependent cells. Contraindications: Hypersensitivity, hepatic, renal disease, alcoholism, cardiopulmonary disease, history of lactic acidosis. Side Effects: N/V/D, rash, headache, weakness, dizziness. Nursing implications: Assess for hypo/hyperglycemic reaction, assess CBC, for lactic acidosis.
Trade Name: (Actos)
Pioglitazone hydrochloride (NDH)
Classification: Oral Hypoglycemic Agents-NEW Use(s): Stable adult onset DM Action: ↑ insulin sensitivity by hepatic glucose metabolism Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to Thiazolidinedione, lactation, children, DKA, Side Effects: Hypoglycemia, aggravated DM, URTI, Pharyngitis, HA, edema, ↑ HDL. Nursing implications: Assess for Hypo/hyperglycemic reactions, Monitor CBG’s, LFT’s, CBC. Caution w/ CHF.
Trade Name:
insulin: Lispro / Lente / Regular/ Semilente/ NPH / Ultralente /70-30 Classification: Insulins Use(s): DM type I ,ketoacidosis in DM type I & II, PTs. on TPN or G tube feeding. See pharm book for peak, onset and duration times Action: ↓ blood sugar by facilitating the uptake & metabolism if glucose by insulin dependent cells. Also inhibits hepatic glucose production & the breakdown of glycogen, protein & fat, while it promotes the formation of glycogen, protein & triglycerides. Contraindications: Hypersensitive to protamine, Hypoglycemia, NPO status, Side Effects: Hypoglycemia, anaphylaxis, hepatotoxicity. Nursing implications: √ CBG’s (fasting & during treatment), rotate injection sites, Monitor signs of hypoglycemia. Peak
Trade Name:
rosiglitazone maleate (NDH) (Avandia)
Classification: Oral Hypoglycemic Agents-NEW Use(s): Stable adult onset DM, NIDDM. Action: Improves insulin resistance by hepatic glucose metabolism. Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to Thiazolidinediones Side Effects: Hypo/hyperglycemia, fatigue, Headache Nursing implications: Assess for hypo/hyperglycemic reactions, blood studies
Trade Name:
glucagon
Classification: Oral hyperglycemic agent (occurs naturally in body also) Use(s): Sever hypoglycemia, insulin antagonist Action: Converts hepatic glycogen to glucose.
Trade Name:
Estrogen/Progesterone
(comb.)
Classification: Contraceptives Use(s): Birth Control. Action: ↓ the release of FSH & LH. Contraindications: Pregnancy, thrombophlebitis, thromboembolic disorders, estrogen dependent CA of the breast or reproductive organs. Side Effects: Fluid retention, N/V, cramping, constipation, hyperpigmentation, HTN, ↑ risk of MI, Nursing implications: Monitor for adverse reactions.
Trade Name:
Progesterone only
Classification: Progesterone Use(s): Contraception, amenorrhea, PMS, abnormal uterine bleeding. Action: Inhibits secretion of pituitary gonadotropins, which prevents follicular maturation.
Contraindications: hypoglycemia, Side Effects: Hypersens., Pt. W/ pheochromocytoma, hyperglycemia, hypotension, N/V, urticaria, resp. distress. Nursing implications: Monitor CBG’s, VS, S/S of hyperglycemia. Initial dose is IM effect in 5-20 minutes. IV for severe hypoglycemia. Destroyed by the GI tract.
Contraindications: Breast CA, pregnancy, thrombolytic disorders. Side Effects: Dizziness, HA, migraine, fatigue, depression, stroke, embolism, MI, spontaneous Abortion Nursing implications: Assess Weight, B/P, I&O, edema, HTN.
Trade Name:
Depo-Provera
Classification: Antineoplastic, hormone Use(s): Uterine bleeding, endometrial / renal cancer, and secondary amenorrhea Action: Inhibits secretion of pituitary gonadotropins, which prevents maturation and ovulation. Contraindications: Breast/reproductive CA, , pregnancy, thrombolytic disorders. Side Effects: Stroke, PE, MI, N/V, spontaneous AB. Nursing implications: Assess Weight, B/P, I&O, edema, HTN.
Trade Name:
Norplant (559-560)
Trade Name:
RU486 (mifepristone)
Classification: Contraceptives Dose: 600 mg PO Use(s): Early Pregnancy Termination
Trade Name:
Ergotrate Maleate
Classification: Oxytocic Use(s): Postpartum or postabortion hemorrhage Action: Stimulates uterine contractions and vascular smooth muscle, decreases bleeding. Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to ergot medications, augmentation of labor, before delivery of placenta, threatened AB Side Effects: Headache, dizziness, fainting, HTN, Chest pain, N/V Nursing implications: Assess for ergotism, vitals, and fundal tone.
Trade Name:
Nupercainal Ointment
Classification: Topical anesthetics Use(s): Minor external irritation
Action: Inhibits progesterone receptors.
Action: Inhibits the conduction of nerve impulses from sensory nerves
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity, ectopic preg., IUD use, anticoagulants, cortico-steriods, chronic adrenal failure, bleeding disorder.
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity, large areas, Less than 1 year old.
Side Effects: Incomplete abortion, hemorrhage fetal malformation, vag. Bleeding, abd cramps, abd pain, N/V, HA, Nursing implications: Monitor for adverse reactions.
Side Effects: Rash, irritation, and sensitization Nursing implications: Assess pain, do not use until infection is treated, remove any scales or crust before applying medication
Trade/generic: Class:
Methergine (methylergonovine maleate)
Oxytocic, Uterine Motility Agent: Ergot Alkaloid
Treatment of PPH or postabortion, ↑ uterine contractions, uterine atont Ind:
Route: PO, IM, PR Action: Stimulates uterine, vascular, smooth muscle, causing
contractions & ↓ bleeding
Trade Name:
Epifoam
Classification: Topical Glucocorticoids Use(s): dermatitis Action: Antipruritic, anti-inflammatory Contraindications: Hypersensitivity, viral and fungal infections.
before delivery of placenta, hypertension, PID,.
Side Effects: Acne, atrophy, epidermal thinning, purpura, and striae.
S/E:
N/V, HA, dizziness, dyspnea, cramping, chest pain, hypertension & dysrhythmias
Nursing implications: Assess for a temperature, and for systemic absorption leading to a temperature.
RN:
monitor vitals, character & amt. of vag.bdg & watch for hemorrhage.
Contra: Hypersensitivity to ergot preparations, in labor,
Trade Name:
Syntocinon Nasal Spray
Classification: Oxytocic Use(s): Stimulation or induction of labor; missed or incomplete abortion; postpartum bleeding.
Trade Name:
Colace
Classification: Laxative, emollient Use(s): To soften stools
Action: Acts directly on myofibrils, producing uterine contractions; stimulates milk ejection by the breast.
Action: Increases water and fat penetration in the intestine; allows for easier age of the stool
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity, serum toxicity, fetal distress, and hypertonic uterus.
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity, obstruction, fecal impaction, and nausea/vomiting.
Side Effects: convulsions, tetanic contractions. Hypo/Hypertension, Brady/tachy-cardia, abruptio placenta, decreased uterine blood flow.
Side Effects: Nausea, cramps, diarrhea, rash, bitter taste, throat irritation.
Nursing implications: I&O, respiration, B/P and pulse (watch for hemorrhage) Length of contractions.
Nursing implications: Causes of constipation, bleeding, N/V
Trade Name:
Proctofoam
Trade Name:
Classification: Topical anesthetics Use(s): Rectal pain and itching, post partum hemorrhoids Action: Inhibits conduction of nerve impulses Contraindications: Hypersensitivity, infants less than 1 year of age. Side Effects: Rash, irritation, and sensitization. Nursing implications: Assess for pain and infection.
Surfak
Classification: Laxative, emollient Use(s): To soften stools Action: Increases water and fat penetration in the intestine; allows for easier age of the stool Contraindications: Hypersensitivity, obstruction, fecal impaction, and nausea/vomiting. Side Effects: Nausea, cramps, diarrhea, rash, bitter taste, throat irritation. Nursing implications: Causes of constipation, bleeding, N/V.
Trade Name:
Zantac
Classification: H2-histamine receptor antagonist
Trade Name:
Rubella Vaccine
Classification: Vaccines & toxoids
Use(s): Duodenal ulcer, H. Pylori, ERD Use(s): Rubella immunization Action: Inhibits histamine sites, which ceases acid production Contraindications: Hypersensitivity Side Effects: HA, Sleeplessness, confusion, hepatotoxicity. Nursing implications: I&O, Bun, Creatine, mental status, GI complaints.
Action: Promotes immunity by causing antibodies to be produced. Contraindications: immunosuppressed, CA, blood dyscrasia, GG disorders, TB, do not get pregnant for 3 months Side Effects: HA, malaise, rash, pain, erythema, sore throat, Nursing implications: Watch for anaphylaxis. Give SQ
Trade Name:
Dulcolax
Ind:
( ritodrine)
Tocolytic, uterine relaxant.
Class:
Classification: Laxative, stimulant Use(s): Short term treatment of constipation, bowel or rectal preparation for surgery/examination
Yutopar
Trade Name(s):
Management of premature labor.
Route: PO, IV
Action: Acts directly on the intestines by increasing motor activity
Action: ↓ frequency & intensity of uterine contractions
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity, rectal problems, N/V, acute abdomen, obstruction
Contra: hypersens, eclampsia, HTN, dysrhythmias, before
Side Effects: muscle weakness, N/V, cramps
S/E:
Nursing implications: Assess cause of constipation, monitor blood/urine/electrolytes if used often by the patient. Assess for cramping or rectal bleeding.
Erythema, rash, dyspnea, hyperventilation, glycosuria, lactic acidosis, hyperglycemia, Hypokalemia, nervousness, tremors.
RN:
Maternal & FHT, EKG, intensity & length of contractions, fluid intake.
Trade Name:
RhoGAM
Classification: Immunizing agent
by stimulating beta-2 receptors in uterine smooth muscle. 20th week of pregnancy, bronchial asthma.
Trade/generic: Class:
Pitocin
(oxytocin) Syntocinon
Oxytocic
Route: IM, IV, spray
Use(s): Prevention of isoimmunization in Rh negative women who are given Rh positive blood after abortions, miscarriages, and amniocentesis Suppress active antibiody response and formation of anti-Rh(D) in Rh negative clients exposed to Rh positive blood, promotes destruction of Rh positive fetal cells
Action: Acts directly on myofibrils, producing uterine contractions; stimulates milk ejection by the breast.
Action: Suppress the immune response of non-sensitized Rh cells, to sensitized cells, , blocks maternal antibody prodction
Contra: Hypers., serum toxemia, fetal distress, hypert. uterus, PPH, GI disturbance, diapheresis, HA, dizziness.
Contraindications: Previous immunization with the drug
S/E:
Ind:
Side Effects: Irritation at injection site, fever, lethargy, myalgia Nursing implications: For allergic reactions,
RN:
Stimulates or induces labor; for missed or incomplete Abortion, PPH, preeclampsia, eclampsia, PROM.
Convulsions, tetanic contractions, abruptio placenta, ↓ uterine blood flow I&O, VS, FHT’s
Trade Name(s):
Magnesium Sulfate
Classification: Electrolyte, anticonvulsant Use(s): Smooth muscle relaxant, inhibit or prevent pre-term labor ,uterine hyperstimulation, anticonvulsant Action:
MMR vaccine
Classification: vaccine Use(s): prevention of measles, mumps, and rubella Action: produces antibodies to measles, mumps and rubella Contraindications: Hypersensitivity, anemia, active infection, allergy to eggs/chickens, pregnancy, febrile illness.
Contraindications: Side Effects: Muscle weakness, flushing, sweating, confusion,
sedation, depressed reflexes, flaccidity, paralysis, hypothermia, nausea, vomiting, cramps, hypotension, heart block, circulatory collapse. Nursing implications: Assess for magnesium toxicity, cramping,
bleeding. In PIH prevents seizures. Calcium gluconate is the antagonist.
Trade Name(s):
Trade Name:
Side Effects: anaphylaxis, subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, and blindness associated with optic neuritis Nursing implications: Watch for skin reactions and anaphylaxis, bronchospasm, inability to breathe, must dilute with specific diluent that comes with the medication. Instruct female patients not to get pregnant for 3 months
Prostaglandin
Classification: hormone Use(s): To maintain patent ductus arteriosus Action: Relaxes the smooth muscle of the ductus arteriosus; this results in increased o2 content in the body Contraindications: hypersensitivity, respiratory distress syndrome.
Gen./Trade Name: Vitamins A, D, E, K Classification: fat soluble Use(s): A-night blindness, D-maintains Ca & P homeostasis, Eantioxidant ↓ platelet aggregation, K-clotting factors. Action: Catalysts for biochemical and metabolic reactions. Contraindications:
Side Effects: Sepsis, peritonitis, apnea, bradycardia, wheezing, Side Effects: Anaphylaxis, N/V, fatigue, weakness, HA. dizziness, respiratory depression, DIC, cerebral bleed, lethargy. dysrhythmias Nursing implications: monitor bilirubin, hypersensitivity, bleeding, Nursing implications: ABG’s, apnea, bradycardia PT times.
Trade Name:
DPT vaccine
Classification: Vaccine, toxoid Use(s): Prevention of diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis. Action: Provides immunity by stimulating antibody/antitoxin production. Contraindications: Hypersensitivity, active infection, immunosuppression, and febrile illness Side Effects: seizures, N/V, anaphylaxis, encephalopathy Nursing implications: for skin reactions, inability to breath, bronchospasm.
Trade Name:
Iron
Classification: Vitamin Use(s): To prevent maternal deficiency. Action: Replaces iron stores needed for RBC development Contraindications: Side Effects: N/V/D, constipation, black or red tarry stools, epigastric pain. Nursing implications: Liquid forms should be diluted to prevent discoloration of teeth.
Gen./Trade Name: bile salts (Bilron) Classification: Digestive agents Use(s): Initiate bile flow from the liver. Once used to treat pts. w/ biliary fistula & resection of the ileum. Used infrequently today. Action: Bile salts are converted to cholic acid & chenodeoxycholic acid. They conjugate w/ glycerine & taurine to form bile acids. Then the salts of the bile acids are secreted in the bile. Contraindications: Hepatic dysfunction, obstruction, N/V, abd. pain. Side Effects: Abd. cramping, diarrhea, ↓ MM resistance to acid, colic, HCl can damage tooth enamel RN implications: Monitor for abd pain, colic.
Trade Name:
Reglan
Classification: cholinergic Use(s): prevention of nausea and vomiting. Action: blocks dopamine in the chemoreceptor trigger zone Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to this drug or procainamide, seizure disorders, breast cancer Side Effects: Sedation, fatigue, restlessness, neutropenia, leukopenia. Nursing implications: Mental status, GI complaints.
Vitamins B1 (thiamine), B2 (riboflavin), B3, (niacin), B6 (pyridoxine), nicotinamide, C (ascorbic acid) Classification: Water Soluble Use(s): B1 -beriberi, B2 -skin, eyes, B3-pellagra, B6 seizures, C-scurvy Action: Catalysts for biochemical and metabolic reactions.
Trade Name:
Zofran (ondansetron)
Classification: Antiemetic Use(s): Prevention of N/V Action: Blocks serotonin Contraindications: Hypersensitivity
Contraindications:
Side Effects: Diarrhea, dizziness, drowsiness, fatigue.
Side Effects: Generally water soluble vitamins are nontoxic b/c excesses are excreted in urine.
Nursing implications: For hypersensitivity
Nursing implications: Monitor for S/S of allergic reactions to parenteral thiamine.
Trade Name:
Folic Acid
Classification: Vitamin Use(s): To assist with a normal pregnancy. Action: Contraindications: Side Effects: Allergic bronchospasm, rash, Pruritis, Erythema, malaise. Nursing implications: A client trying to get pregnant should take folic acid 3-6 months before conception.
Trade Name:
Atropine Sulfate
Classification: Antidysrhythmic, anticholinergic, parasympatholytic Use(s): Bradycardias, blocks vagal response, pre-surgery to decrease secretions, increase heart rate and dilate pupils Action: Blocks ACH at parasympathetic receptors, decreases oral and respiratory secretions, muscarinic antagonist drug Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to belladonna alkaloids, tachycardia, GI obstruction, closed angle glaucoma, paralytic ileus Side Effects: Dry mouth, n/v tachycardia, blurred vision, decrease perspiration, constipation, urinary retention Nursing implications: I&O, EKG, respiratory status
Trade Name:
Riopan
Classification: Antacid Trade Name:
Calcium
Use(s): Antacid, PUD, gastric ulcers, indigestion. Action: Neutralizes gastric acidity.
Classification: Electrolyte Contraindications: hypersensitivity to this drug or aluminum Use(s): To manage hypocalcemia, to prevent deficits. Side Effects: Constipation, diarrhea, hypermagnesemia Action: Contraindications: Hypercalcemia, renal calculi, dig toxicity, V-Fib.
Nursing implications: GI status, Serum MG++ Levels if decreased liver function. Give after meals and atbedtime
Side Effects: N/V, pain, constipation, drowsiness, muscle weakness, HA. Nursing implications: Assess the need for Calcium intake.
Trade Name:
Antivert (meclizine)
Classification: Antiemetic, antihistamine, anticholinergic Use(s): Vertigo, motion sickness Action: Acts by blocking the chemoreceptor trigger zone
Trade Name:
Anectine
Classification: Neuromuscular blocker Use(s): Skeletal muscle relaxant
Contraindications: hypersensitivity to cyclizines, shock.
Action: Inhibits transmission of nerve impulses
Side Effects: Drowsiness, fatigue
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity, Malignant hypothermia, penetrating eye injuries.
Nursing implications: V/S, signs of toxicity
Side Effects: Sinus arrest, dysrhythmias, prolonged apnea, bronchospasm. Nursing implications: Electrolyte imbalances, I&O ratio, allergic reactions.
Trade Name:
Inapsine
Classification: neuroleptic Use(s): postoperatively for N/V Action: Acts on CNS at subcortical level, produces, tranquilization, sleep, Antiemetic.
Trade Name:
Tagamet
Classification: H2-histamine receptor antagonist Use(s): Short term treatment of GERD, duodenal and gastric ulcers Action: Inhibits histamine at the gastric acid site which inhibits secretion
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity, child <2 years old, pregnancy, lactation.
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity
Side Effects: Laryngospasm, bronchospasm, Tachycardia, hypotension.
Side Effects: Convulsions, paralytic ileus, jaundice, neutropenia, increased PTT.
Nursing implications: Vital signs.
Nursing implications: Assess I&O, bun, Creatine, and a CBC with differential monthly.
Trade Name:
Kytril (granisetron)
Trade Name:
Robinul (glycopyrrolate)
Classification: Cholinergic blocker, anticholinergic Classification: Antiemetic Use(s): Prevention of N/V
Use(s): decreases secretions before surgery, PUD, Irritable bowel, reduces gastric secretions
Action: Blocks serotonin
Action: Inhibits Ach in the autonomic nervous system
Contraindications: hypersensitivity
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity, narrow angle glaucoma, child <3 Y.O., MI.
Side Effects: HA, anxiety, bronchospasm, leukopenia Side Effects: Dry mouth, constipation. Nursing implications: For Hypersensitivity reactions Nursing implications: I&O, constipation, mental status.
Trade Name:
RID
Classification: Use(s): Trade Name:
Gelsolin
Classification: Use(s):
Action: Contraindications: Side Effects:
Action:
Nursing implications:
Contraindications: Side Effects: Nursing implications:
Trade Name: Trade Name:
DNase
Triple Dye
Classification:
Classification:
Use(s): Prevent infection of umbilical cord and promotes drying of the cord
Use(s):
Action
Action:
Contraindications:
Contraindications:
Side Effects:
Side Effects:
Nursing implications:
Nursing implications:
Trade Name:
Multi-Vitamins
Trade Name:
Silver nitrate Solution
Classification: Classification: Vitamins Use(s): Use(s): To prevent birth defects Action: Action: Contraindications: Contraindications: Side Effects: Side Effects: Nursing implications: Nursing implications:
Trade Name:
Bicitra
Trade Name:
Dermoplast
Classification: OTC Classification: Use(s): Use(s):
Treating metabolic acidosis and certain kidney problems (eg, kidney stones). Action:
Contraindications:
Diarrhea; loose stools; nausea; upset stomach; vomiting Side Effects:
Nursing implications:
Action: Contraindications: Side Effects: Nursing implications:
Trade Name:
Americain Spray
Classification: OTC Use(s):
Masse Cream
Classification: OTC Use(s):
Action:
Action:
Contraindications: Side Effects:
Contraindications: Side Effects:
Nursing implications:
Trade Name:
Trade Name:
Tucks
Classification: Astringents-OTC Use(s):
Nursing implications:
Trade Name:
Witch Hazel
Classification: Astringents-OTC Use(s):
Action:
Action:
Contraindications:
Contraindications:
Side Effects:
Side Effects:
Nursing implications:
Nursing implications:
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