Birtud 3g604i

Birtud (Virtue) at Pagpapahalaga Birtud (Virtue) Ang virtue ay galing sa salitang “virtus” (vir) o “pagiging matatag at pagiging malakas. Ang tao ay may mag katulad na isip ngunit hindi tayo magkakatulad ng kaalaman. Mayroon tayong magkakatulad na kilos-loob ngunit magkakaibang taglay na virtue. Ang Virtue ay laging nakaugnay sa pag-iisip at pagkilos ng tao.” Dalawang Uri ng Birtud 1. Intelektuwal na Birtud  Ang intelektuwal na birtud ay may kinalaman sa isip ng tao, “gawing kaalaman (habit of knowledge)”. MgaUri ng IntelektuwalnaBirtud 1. Pag-unawa(Understanding)  Ang pag-unawaang pinakapangunahin sa lahat ng birtud na nakapagpapaunlad ng isip.  Ito ay nasa buod (essence) ng lahat ng ating pag-iisip. 2. Agham(Science)  Ito ay sistematikong kalipunan ng mga tiyak at tunay na kaalaman na bunga ng pagsasaliksik at pagpapatunay. a) Pilosopikongpananaw b) Siyentipikongpananaw 3. Karunungan (Wisdom)  Ito ang pinakawagas na uri ng kaalaman. Ito ang pinakahuling layunin ng lahat ng kaalaman ng tao, “agham ng mga agham”. 4. Maingat na Paghuhusga (Prudence)  Ang maingat na paghuhusga ay isang uri ng kaalaman na layunin ay labas sa isip lamang ng tao. Ito ang pinakamahalaga at pinakamakabuluhan sa lahat ng mga intelektuwal na birtud kaya’t tinatawag itong“praktikal na karunungan” (practical wisdom). 5. Sining (Art)  Ang sining ay paglikha, ito ay bunga ng katuwiran. 2. Moral naBirtud  Ang moral n abirtud ay may kinalaman sa pag-uugali ng tao. May apat na uri ang moral na birtud: 1. Karunungan (Justice)  Ang karunungan ay isang birtud na gumagamit ng kilos-loob upang ibigay sa tao ang nararapat lamang para sa kanya. 2. Pagtitimpi (Temperance or Moderation)  Nakikilala ang taong nag tataglay ng pagtitimpi ang bagay na makatuwiranat ang bagay na maituturing na luho lamang. 3. Katatagan(Fortitude)  Ito ang birtud na nagpapatatag at nagpapatibay sa tao na harapin ang anumang pagsubok o panganib. 4. Maingat na Paghuhusga (Prudence)

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Ito ang itinuturing na ina ng mga birtud sapagkat ang pagsasabuhay ng ibang mga birtud ay dumadaan sa maingat na paghuhusga.

14 Effective communication skills 1. Give them the impression that you’re enthusiastic about talking to them. They want to feel that you would rather be talking to them than anyone else. When you give them the impression that you are excited about talking to them and that you care about them, you make them feel better about themselves. As a result, they’ll be more likely to really open up to you. 2. Ask open-ended questions about their interests. Ask questions that will get them to talk about their interests and their life in a way that provides you with insight into their needs and wants. When you help them gain a new, positive perspective about their situation, they will feel a deep sense of connection with you. 3. Adapt to their body language and feelings. Pay special attention to their nonverbal communication. Watch their body language and posture, also take note of their inflection and word choices. Now, tailor your words, body language, and voice tone to match what you have observed. Doing this will help them feel a deep subconscious connection with you. 4. Show them approval: Tell them what you ire about them and why. One of the best ways to instantly connect with people is to be forthright and tell them exactly why you like or ire them. If being too direct isn’t appropriate, insinuate with a few indirect statements here and there. Either approach can be equally as effective because everyone responds well to approval. 5. Listen attentively to everything they say. Don’t focus too much on what you’re going to say next as they are talking. Instead, listen to every word they say and respond back as relevantly and smoothly as possible. This shows people that you are interested in what they have to say and you are fully engaged and in the moment with them. Also make sure to ask questions whenever there’s something they say that you don’t quite understand. This will help fill any potentially awkward lapses in communication. 6. Give them the right amount of eye . Eye communicates to the other person that you are not only interested in them and what they have to say, but that you are also trustworthy. When done in moderation, they will also assume you are confident in yourself because of your willingness to face them directly. As a result, people will naturally want to pay more attention to you and what you have to say. 7. Reveal as much about yourself as possible. One of the best ways to earn someone’s trust is to reveal yourself as openly as you can. Tell stories about interesting events from your life or just describe zany instances from normal everyday life. As you do this, make sure not to mention things that stray too far from where their interests and values lie. Nothing builds trust like genuine transparency. Y 8. Give the impression that you are on the same team. Use words like “we, us, we’re, our, and ourselves” to instantly build a bond. When you use those words, you make it seem like you are all on the same team with a common goal or concern. This moves you into their circle while everyone else seems lack your special insight and understanding. 9. Give them your best smile. When you smile at people, you communicate that you like them and their presence brings you happiness. Smiling at them will cause them to subconsciously want to smile back at you which will instantly build rapport between the two of you. Just make sure that your smile is sincere because if it’s not they will sense it. 10. Offer helpful suggestions. Recommend restaurants you’ve been to, places you’ve been to, movies you’ve seen, helpful people they’d like to meet, books you’ve read, career opportunities and whatever else you can think of. Describe what was so great about those people, places and things and how they might appeal to the other person. If you suggest enough ideas that interest them, they will look at you as a “go to” person when they need to make a decision about what to do next.

11. Give them encouragement. If the person you’re dealing with is younger or in a more difficult position than you, they will appreciate any encouragement you can offer. When you help them feel more confident in their own abilities they will value your input. This helps even out the relationship. Convince them that they can sur their problems and limitations and they will feel good about connecting with you. 12. Appear to have a slightly higher energy level than the other person. Generally, people want to be around those who lift them up, instead of bringing them down. If you indicate with your voice and your body language that you have a slightly higher energy level, they will feel more energized and positive while around you. Don’t be so energetic that you put people off, but have enough so that they feel energized after talking with you. 13. Say their name in a way that is pleasing to their ears. A person’s name is one of the most emotionally powerful words for them. But how you say it is more important than how often say it. If you say their name with they right inflection, it can actually convey a lot of positive feeling directly to their nervous system. If their name feels good to them when you say it, they will feel bonded to you on a subconscious level without even knowing why. 14. Offer to take the relationship a step further. There are a number of things you could do to advance your friendship with someone: offer to eat with them, talk over a cup of coffee, see a sports game, have a beer or two with them, etc. Even if people don’t take you up on your offers, they will be flattered that you like them enough to want to take the friendship to a deeper level. In a way, they will look up to you because you have the guts to take charge of your life and build friendships instead of expecting those friendships to magically appear for you.

Effective communication skills are fundamental to success in many aspects of life. Many jobs require strong communication skills and people with good communication skills usually enjoy better interpersonal relationships with friends and family. Effective communication is a key interpersonal skill and learning how we can improve our communication has many benefits. Communication is a two way process, so improving communication involves both how we send and receive messages. Learn to Listen Listening is not the same as hearing; learn to listen not only to the words being spoken but how they are being spoken and the non-verbal messages sent with them. Use the techniques of clarification and reflection to confirm what the other person has said and avoid any confusion. Try not to think about what to say next whilst listening; instead clear your mind and focus on the message being received. Your friends, colleagues and other acquaintances will appreciate good listening skills. Be Aware of Other Peoples Emotions Be sympathetic to other people's misfortunes and congratulate their positive landmarks. To do this you need to be aware of what is going on in other people’s lives. Make and maintain eye and use first names where appropriate. Do not be afraid to ask others for their opinions as this will help to make them feel valued. Consider the emotional effect of what you are saying and communicate within the norms of behaviour acceptable to the other person. Take steps to become more charismatic. See our page: Emotional Intelligence for more information. Empathise Empathy is trying to see things from the point-of-view of others. When communicating with others, try not to be judgemental or biased by preconceived ideas or beliefs - instead view situations and responses from the other person’s perspective. Stay in tune with your own emotions to help enable you to understand the emotions of others. If appropriate, offer your personal viewpoint clearly and honestly to avoid confusion. Bear in mind that some subjects might be taboo or too emotionally stressful for others to discuss. Encourage Offer words and actions of encouragement, as well as praise, to others. Make other people feel welcome, wanted, valued and appreciated in your communications. If you let others know that they are valued, they are much more likely to give you their best. Try to ensure that everyone involved in an interaction or communication is included through effective body language and the use of open questions. Use Humour Laughing releases endorphins that can help relieve stress and anxiety; most people like to laugh and will feel drawn to somebody who can make them laugh. Don’t be afraid to be funny or clever, but do ensure your humour is appropriate to the situation. Use your sense of humour to break the ice, to lower barriers and gain the affection of others. By using appropriate humour you will be perceived as more charismatic. Treat People Equally Always aim to communicate on an equal basis and avoid patronising people. Do not talk about others behind their backs and try not to develop favourites: by treating people as your equal and also equal to each other you will build trust and respect. Check that people understand what you have said to avoid confusion and negative feelings. Encourage open and honest from the receiver to ensure your message is understood and to avoid the receiver instead feeding back

what they think you want to hear. If confidentiality is an issue, make sure its boundaries are known and ensure its maintenance. Attempt to Resolve Conflict Learn to troubleshoot and resolve problems and conflicts as they arise. Learn how to be an effective mediator and negotiator. Use your listening skills to hear and understand both sides of any argument - encourage and facilitate people to talk to each other. Try not to be biased or judgemental but instead ease the way for conflict resolution. Maintain a Positive Attitude and Smile Few people want to be around someone who is frequently miserable. Do your best to be friendly, upbeat and positive with other people. Maintain a positive, cheerful attitude to life: when things do not go to plan, stay optimistic and learn from your mistakes. If you smile often and stay cheerful, people are more likely to respond positively to you.

The Communication Process 1. Source The source is the person (or thing) attempting to share information. The source can be a living or non-living entity. The only qualifications necessary for a source are an origin of information (in Information Theory, the source generates data that one would like to communicate) and an ability to transmit this information, through a channel, to a receiver. 2. Message At first glance, the message is simply the information you want to communicate. But it goes deeper than that. Communication theorists examine messages from a semiotic perspective (the study of signs and symbols, and how meaning is created through them; note: it is not the study of meaning, just how meaning is created). For example, a commencement speaker produces meaning through several criteria. First, there is the object (in this case, the speaker has an inherent meaning, maybe through being a local celebrity or famous alum). The second criterion would be his or her image, acting as a symbol or representation of the meaning of the object (a well-dressed, professional and successful person). The third criterion is interpretation or derived meaning. If the object and image (and, in this case, speech) are successful, then the audience will leave with an understanding of how to proceed toward a life of personal fulfillment. 3. Encoding Encoding is the process of assembling the message (information, ideas and thoughts) into a representative design with the objective of ensuring that the receiver can comprehend it. Communication is only established when it results in both the source and the receiver understanding the same information. People who are great communicators are great encoders; they know how to present their message in a way that their audience (receivers) can easily understand. They are also able to identify information that is superfluous, irrelevant or even accidentally offensive, and eliminate it in advance through anticipation. 4. Channel An encoded message is conveyed by the source through a channel. There are numerous channel categories: verbal, non-verbal, personal, non-personal, etc. A channel could be the paper on which words are written, or the Internet acting in the client-server model that is allowing you to read these words right now. A good communicator is one who understands which channels to use under different circumstances. Unfortunately, there is no perfect channel. All channels have strengths and weaknesses (smartphones are great, for example, but a marriage proposal is best done in person). 5. Decoding Now would be an appropriate time to remind yourself that you can just as easily fill the role of decoder as you can encoder. This is where listening, and reading directions carefully, makes its claim to fame—decode with care, my friends. As we discussed in Encoding, communication is only successful when it results in both the source and the receiver understanding the same information. For this to happen, there can be no errors in processing. The most common among these would be, for example, a first-grader sitting in on a lecture on differential equations, i.e. decoding is impossible if the decoder cannot even understand the message. 6. Receiver Ultimately, the message is delivered to the receiver. A good communicator takes the receivers preconceptions and frames of reference into consideration; how they will react, where common ground is shared, their sense of humor, their moral conduct, etc. All of these things will affect how the receivers decode messages.

7. A better word might be “reaction” or “responses.” The source judges its success based on the it receives, so pay close attention. If Google’s servers crashed tomorrow, there would be a lot of confused sources. The same would be true if you delivered a flawless marriage proposal, only to receive a look of bewilderment and horror. And then there are famous marketing nightmares, such as Aqua Teen Hunter Force’s LED signs that were mistakenly identified as explosive devices. is the moment of reckoning. Whether things go right or wrong, it serves as one of the most important learning opportunities we have.